Democratic; ald Bellefonte, Pa., March 21, 1919. MAKING DISHES. When you eat your dinner off a smooth, shiny, white - plate, or drink your breakfast coffee out of a dainti- ly formed cup and saucer, do you ever stop to think how much thought and care have gone into the making of these conveniences, or how many hands have had a part in the forming of them that you might dine in com- fort? Probably you have never thought about your dishes at all, yet their making is so fascinating that it cannot help but interest many people. In the first place dishes are made of what is known as kaolin, or clay that is very elastic and tough in char- acter. The word comes from the Chi- nese, who are expert pottery makers. First this kaolin is dried in an oven until it becomes white dust or flour, then it is sifted and mixed with water until it becomes a paste, after which it is forced into a press where all of the water is squeezed out of it. About this time it looks very much like pie- crust dough before it goes into the ov- en. It resembles dough in another way too, for it is called “biscuit” by ! the workmen. Well, after the biscuit is pressed free of water, it is turned over to half-grown boys who throw it into the | air and catch it, cutting it in two with | a string each time. This looks very | much like play but it is really hard | work, for the boys have to do it! throughout the eight-hour day. They ; call it wedging the clay, and they are | in reality taking the air bubbles out | of it, so that no holes or uneven places will be found in our dishes. | When these boys are through with | the clay it goes to the potter, who | shapes it into a plate, a cup, a tureen, | a pitcher, a bird bath or whatever it | is his business to make. For one man | usually spends all of his time making : one certain thing. i This potter has before him what is known as a potter’s wheel, which is a | round, white clay slab, the size of a | small grindstone, but it does not sit | up on edge like a grindstone, but lies ! flat upon its side, except that there is | a small pivot in the middle upon which ! it turns. The potter’s wheel is one of | the oldest tools in the world and is | frequently mentioned in the Bible. In| addition to this wheel the potters use | moulds of various kinds and a sharp | knife for cutting the clay. | The moulds are made of plaster of | Paris and are round outside, but have the shape of the thing they are to make inside, and they are usually in two pieces. Little things like cups are made in one piece, but larger things, like pitchers, are made in two, : or even three pieces, and joined to- | gether. Handles, spouts and orna- | ments are always made in small, sep- arate moulds and put on afterward. First, the potter takes a bit of bis- cuit, packs it nicely into a mould, cuts | off the clay he doesn’t need, puts on | the other part of the mould, puts it on the wheel and sets it spinning. It | spins and spins and spins until it stops | of its own accord. Then he opens it up and there is the dish! After he has sponged it and smoothed away any rough places, he puts on the extra parts with a knife and sends it to be | fired. No, not “fired” in the slang . sense, but burned in a kiln. Hundreds | of pieces of pottery are placed in ov- | ens over furnaces, and left there, at times, for several days. This part of | the work requires much care, for the | furnaces must be kept at the same | temperature all the time. If they are not, the pottery is apt to be cracked or discolored. After the dishes are burned they : are dull in finish. They are then turn- ed over to women, who fill the little cracks in them with a liquid which fills them up and prevents their show- ing, and also keeps the glazing from running in. If the glazing should run in it would open the crack forever. | When they are dry they are dipped | into a glazing preparation, which is red in color, and makes the dish that | is being treated a pretty shade of pink while itis drying, but which bleaches out to a pure white when it is dry. This is the final treatment, which gives them the hard, shining surface that makes them so pretty. This is the way the ordinary porce- lain dishes are made, but the very fine china ones are not only harder to make in the first place, because of their delicacy, but have to be burned several times to get the fine finish necessary to make them handsome and durable. The Liberty-Loving Turkey. The turkey is so far from being foolish that we have not in the poul- try yard a more impassioned lover of liberty. In their native country tur- keys wander through the great woods form morning until night in untiring search of insects and fat larvae, fruit and seeds of all kinds, acorns and nuts especially, of which they are fond. Thus the stay-at-home habits of the poultry-yard do not suit them at all. They must have the open air of the fields and the exercise of long walks. Moors, woods, hills abounding in grasshoppers, are their favorite haunts. Their timid nature makes them very docile. A child around with a long switch is enough to lead the flock to the fields, however numerous it may be. Then, step by step, today in one direction, tomorrow in another, the flock explores the stubble and gleans the grain fallen from the ear, traverses the grassy meadows where the crickets leap, and penetrates the woods where is found abundant pas- turage of chestnuts, beechnuts, and acorns.—J. H. Fabre, in “Our Humble Helpers.” A Hot One. Jack—I have observed that some fellows act like fools when in love. Edith—And I have observed that it is not even necessary for some to be in love. Student (muddled about lesson)— That’s what the author says, anyway. Professor—I don’t want the author; | counties in the State. | from steel mills to dairies, from rail- ! roads to silk mills, from cigar facto- | | ries to. paper I want you. Student—Well, sir, you've got me. | SUGAR RATION A FARCE OFFI- CIAL DATA SHOW. How much did saving of sugar, among other foods, actually do toward winning the war? This question is answered in surprising fashion in the American Sugar Refining company’s 1918 annual report, which was issued last week. Sugar being one of the food commodities most strictly con- trolled by the Federal Food Adminis- tration, many patriots took for grant- ed that most of the sugar was being sent to France and the army camps for the soldiers. During the height of the sugar- saving campaign many thousands took pledges to use no sugar at all. Sugar bowls disappeared from res- taurants and a tiny lump to a meal was all that was allowed. Families were rationed and had to fill out re- ports and sign statements before even the reduced ration was forthcoming. Big and little dealers went through the same process every time their su- gar stocks ran low and the Red Cross treasury fattened at the expense of those fined for hoarding sugar or sell- ing too much of it. Few kicked about it, because they thought it all went to help lick the Germans. USED MUCH AS EVER. Then along comes the sugar com- pany’s report, based on accurate sta- tistics taken from day to day through- out the year, which show that, contra- ry to current belief, and notwithstand- | ing the limitations imposed upon the ‘use of sugar, | consumed last year, an amount almost the American people equal to the yearly average of the last decade. This pat of the company’s statement, with the explanation that goes with it, is as follows: “Consumption has approximated 10,000 a day, or at the rate of 300,000 tons a month, which is about the av- erage normal consumption during the last ten years. While it is true that many have stinited themselves, yet ra- tioning has acted as a stimulus for others to buy. “The saving effected by those who conserved sugar was to a considera- ble degree offset by the increased pur- chases of those who, because of the publicity given to the sugar restric- tions, bought more than they other- wise would. Necessarily, the ration- ing was administered horizontally throughout the United States, and while the normal consumption of cer- tain localities was reduced, in others the ration was in excess of normal. Accordingly, while certain areas were limited in their consumption, the ef- feet in others was to increase the pur- chases.” The fact that the sugar refining business was just about as good as usual during our last and biggest war year is also shown in the financial section of the company’s report, which shows that the total turnover for the year aggregated in excess of $200,000,000, although the net profit from this huge volume of business was only $6,661,683, or $3,393,607 less ‘ than the year before. In other words the profit per dollar of sales amounted to about 3% cents, which the company contends is one of the smallest profit returns to be found | in the entire manufacturing and mer- i chandising the number of stockholders increased | fields. During the year from 19,758 sa 20,877, of whom near- ly 600 are Pennsylvanians. Half the holders of sugar shares are wom- en. OFFER JOBS TO 48,718. Since March, 1918, the Departments of Health, Education and Labor and | Industry, with that of the Attorney General, have formed a State com- mittee, appointed by the Governor for the solution of the three-fold problem: Physical rehabilitation of the disabled men, suitable education- | al training and employment. The questionnaire has been answer- ed by more than 900 plants, which of- fered employment to 48,718 disabled men and represented 60 of the 67 These range mills, from lumber camps to department stores. Many disablements do not prevent the men from doing useful work. The following table shows the number of positions, of the 49,417, open to men with particular classes of disability: preventing Impairment of health, heavy manual labor Deaf in one ear Totally deaf... Blind in one e) Totally blind.... Dumb Severe facial disfigurement.. One arm off at shoulder..... One arm off at the elbow.... One hand off...........c0n0ventn be All fingers off one hand.............. One leg off at hip......coceevennennns One leg off at knee............ One leg off below knee........ One foot off Armless ....... 0. ccoseeseeciiesainiee Legless .........i..ccohsiene eee The employments are divided as follows: Industrial work, 47,321; clerical and commercial, 908, and 1172 miscellaneous. WHAT DISABLED MEN MAY DO. If a man has lost the fingers of one hand, of the 4324 jobs he is still good for, there are 1351 for him as a ma- chinist at a drill press. If he wants to be a policeman, one such position awaits. There are 14 jobs as tele- phone operators, 260 as miners, sev- eral at the drill press, and even one as salesman and solicitor, open to the man with no fingers. There are scores of employments for those who have lost a foot, rang- ing from 306 in machinist lines and 274 in weaving of textiles, to one each in armature winding, brickmaking, steam engineering, executive secreta- ryship, box-making, shoemaking, hos- pital orderly, laundryman, tanner, plasterer, pressman and feeder, sales- man, soap-maker, tutor and uphol- sterer. These figures, picked at random from the comprehensive result of the State’s questionnaire, are cited to show that if Pennsylvanians, as indi- viduals, will do their duty in furnish- ing the money, by buying the Victory Liberty loan, the State will aid the Federal government to the limit in qualifying its disabled soldiers for useful employment and in finding the employment they need. Not Popular. “The man who praises himself is never popular.” “No; especialiy with the people who think he might be praising them.” of | ARMY WILL RETAIN DRAFTEES. Washington.—Retention within the army of about 200,000 men obtained originally through the drafts and by transfer from the National Guard is planned by the War Department in building up the temporary military establishment of the nation. This was definitely made known by General March, chief of staff, who announced the decision of the War Department that the army would “not be reduced under any circumstances” below 509,- 909 until some law was passed fixing the permanent force. “All the military problems that confront us have been carefully con- sidered, determining the number of men necessary,” General March said, “and we can not get along without that number—509,909—and they will be held.” Under existing legislation, the max- imum war strength of the permanent army is around 298,000. The exact figures, officers explained, cannot be stated, since some of the staff corps, as the quartermaster corps, for in- stance, are permitted wide latitude in their expansion. Voluntary enlist- ments to fill the regular army have been reinaugurated, both in this coun- try and in France, General Pershing having been authorized to transfer re- cruits obtained from the expeditiona- ry forces to the regular organizations and to release an equivalent number of drafted men. There will remain, however, a deficiency of 200,000 from the total declared by the military au- thorities to be the minimum consist- ent with the responsibilities of the United States. These men, therefore, will have to come from the forces which the War Department had plan- ned to demobilize. Secretary Baker, in explaining the position of the War Department as a result of the failure of the Sixty-fifth Congress to pass the army reorgani- zation and appropriation bill, said that his greatest regret was that “a large number of men will now have to be retained in the service.” The selective service act, under which many of the men to be retain- ed were inducted, fixes four months after the Presidential proclamation of peace as the maximum for the reten- tion of members of the temporary forces. Military authorities foresee no complication as a result of this limi- tation, however, feeling certain that the final peace treaty cannot be agreed upon before May, at the ear- liest. This will extend the enlistment period of the draft contingents to September, before which, they feel certain, Congress will have acted to relieve the situation. 200,000 New Ford Industry to Keep 200,000 Workers on Payroll. Plans of Henry Ford, for a new company to produce a lower priced automobile than any at present exten- sively marketed, contemplate employ- ment of possibly 200,000 workers | when in full operation, the motor | manufacturer said on his return to Los Angeles. Mr. Ford said the new corporation will in nc way interfere with the pres- ent Ford Motor company; that he had no intention of relinquishing control of the majority stock of the old com- | pany, and that he was not in the mar- | ket for a single share owned by other | stockholders. Mr. Ford indicated a year may be required to perfect the organization | and production plans.—Ex. The use of blinders has been | entirely abolished in the armies and, las an army veterinarian surgeon | says, “with the greatest benefit to the horses in efficiency, soundness and ap- | pearance.” The blinders are a good i riddance, never either useful or orna- | mental. Do you recall that wise in- i formant who said that the overdraw i checkrein was necessary to support {the additional weight of the head | caused by the cumbrous blinders? There ar forty-eight kinds of | animals, sixty-seven kinds of birds, about ten kinds of fishes, twenty-one kinds of reptiles and seventeen kinds of insects named in the Bible. “What animal is satisfied with the least food?” asked a proud father. “The moth,” answered his son promptly. “It eats nothing but holes.” Chance for a Fat One. Advertisement—“Good opportunity for a bright woman with a large cor- 4 | poration.” —Fruit trees are likely to be high- er in price, for everything that enters into the cost of growing nursery stock has advanced. Jewish Celebration Commemorated Deliverance from Misrule in Persia. Purim, picturesque festivity of the Jewish calendar, began at sunset Sat- urday and ended at sunset Sunday. The holiday commemorated the deliv- erance of the Jews of ancient Persia from the hands of Haman, an official of the court, through Esther, who sav- ed her people. Haman was hung, ac- cording to the story in the book of Esther. Frivolities ordinarily forbidden by Jewish law are tolerated during Pur- im. Masquerade parties and social gatherings are as much a part of its celebration as impressive services in the synagogues. Tradition requires that on this holiday non-Jews shall be invited to feast with Hebrew families. The Purim dinner is always sumptu- ous. A custom is, too, to give coins and gifts to children on this day. New Advertisements. RIENNIAL ASSESSMENT.—In accor- dance with the several Acts of General Assembly, regulating Tri- ennial Assessments and constituting a Board of Revision, the County Commis- sioners of Centre county give notice that Thursday, March 6th, and Friday, March 7th, 1919, have been fixed upon which finally to determine whether any of the valuations of the Assessors have been made below the just rate; reserving, however, the right to perform the duties of a Board of Revision upon the same day and at the same time and place, of holding the ap- peal for the several Townships and Bor- oughs, as provided by Act of Assembly. The rate of millage for the year 1919 has been fixed at 4 mills, and includes millage to raise funds for the annual sink- ing fund and interest on County bonds, and other current obligations of the county. NOTICE OF TRIENNIAL ASSESSMENT APPEALS FOR 1919. Notice is hereby given that the Com- missioners of Centre county, Pennsylva- nia, will meet the taxpayers of the var- ious Districts of the county for the pur- pose of hearing appeals at the following times and places: FRIDAY, APRIL 4—Bellefonte borough, at the Commissioners’ office, 9 a. m. to 120 p. m, SATURDAY, APRIL 5—Benner and Spring townships, at Commissioners’ office, 9 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. MONDAY, APRIL 7—DMilesburg borough, Walker and Boggs townships, at the Commissioners’ office, 9 a. m. to 4:30 D. Mm. TUESDAY, APRIL 8—Snow Shoe borough, and Snow Shoe and Burnside townships, at the Mountain House, Snow Shoe, 11 a. m.to4 nm, WEDNESDAY, borough, Seuth APRIL 9—Philipsburg Philipsburg borough, and Rush township, in the Public build- ing, at Philipsburg, 8 a. m. to 4 p. m. THURSDAY, APRIL 10—Worth, Taylor, Patton and Half Moon townships, at the hotel at Port Matilda, 9 a. m. to 2 p. m. THURSDAY, APRIL 10—Unionville bor- ough, Union and Huston townships, at the Election house in Union township, from 2:30 to 5 p. m. FRIDAY, APRIL 11—State College bor- ough, College, Harris and Ferguson townships at the hotel at State College, 10:30 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. MONDAY, APRIL 14—Centre Hall bor- ough, Potter and Gregg townships, at the hotel at Centre Hall, 10 a. m. to 4 yp. m. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16—Millheim bor- ough, Haines, Penn and Miles townships, at the hotel at Millheim, 9 a. m. to 3 p. m. THURSDAY, APRIL 17—Iloward bor- ough, Curtin, Liberty, Howard and Mar- jon townships, at the hotel at Howard. 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. WEDNESDAY, MAY 23 and THURSDAY, MAY 24—A Ceneral Appeal for all Dis- tricts will be held at the Commissioners’ office, 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. Persons wish- ing to be heard at this Appeal must have the Assessor present and arrange with him as to his compensation. NOTICE.—No exoneration will be allowed on State tax after the appeal day of the respective districts. FOR UNSEATED LANDS. Appeals will be held as follows at the Commissioners’ office: TUESDAY, APRIL 29—I'erguson, Harris, Potter, Gregg, Penn, Haines, Miles, Mar- ion and Walker townships, 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30—ILiberty, Cur- tin, Howard, Boggs, Union, Patton, Half Moon, College and Benner townships, 10 a.m, to 4 p. m. THURSDAY, MAY 1—Snow Shoe, Durn- side, Rush, Taylor, Worth, Huston and Spring townships, 10 a. m. to 4. p. m. The Assessors will hereby take notice that they shall meet the Commissioners in their districts at the time and place men- tioned above, and bring with them all books and papers pertaining to their as- sessment. All persons wishing to appeal from their assessments should meet the Commission- ers and the Assessor at the place designated for holding the appeals for their respective districts. They may bring such witness- es as they may see fit to establish valua- tions. No appeal will be heard after the time above stated. DANIEL A. GROVE, WM. H. NOLL, Jr., ISAAC MILLER. County Commissioners. Attest: Harry N. Meyer, Clerk Commissioners’ office, Feb, 7, 1919, 64-10-4t Bellefonte, Penna. IRA D. GARMAN DIAMONDS, MILITARY WATCHES AND JEWELRY. FINE REPAIRING 11th Street Below Chestnut, 63-34-6m. PHILADELPHIA, PA. they thought necessary. account ? 61-46-1y Americans Do Not Save! Many of them happen to earn more than they spend and thus acquire a surplus, but the saving habit is not general. past two years the number of those who have ac- quired the saving habit has been largely increased. They have economized ; they have saved and invested. They have learned to do without many things that During the Why not make saving a habit, and, as a necessary aid to this habit, why not start a bank A Bank Book showing a growing balance is one of the most attractive things in the world. The First National Bank. Bellefonte, Pa. EEE EE SE SELES ESL SL Shoes. Shoes. Yeager's Shoe Store I PURCHASED SEVENTY PAIRS OF Men’s Sample Shoes in sizes 5% to 7. These shoes were carried on the road by the salesmen of one of the very best shoe manufacturers in the United States. Not one pair of these shoes sold for less than $10.00, and Many of them are Worth $12.00 Your Choice for $6 You can have your choice of any pair for $6.00 if you can wear any of these sizes. This is an opportunity to purchase a good pair of shoes at the price of a poor pair. Yeager’s Shoe Store THE SHOE STORE FOR.THE POOR MAN Bush Arcade Building 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA. EE EE EE ELSE EE UE Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work. RS ST EEE EEE CE EEE SLE SLE EE CEG LR RRR RR | Lyon & Co. Spring Coats, Capes and Suits for Ladies We are showing a wonderful line of Ladies’ Coats and Suits; also the new Dolman Cape and Coat. Everything up to the minute. Exqui- site styles, lovely colorings; guaran- teed lowest prices. New Georgette and Crepe de Chene Waists We are receiving New Waists every few days. New Spring Footwear Women’s High and Low Shoes, Colonials, Oxfords and Pumps. Misses’ and Children’s High and Low Shoes. Men’s Dress and Work Shoes. PRICES THE LOWEST Rugs, Carpets and Linoleums See our new Rugs in Wiltons, Axminsters and Brussels. Also new Carpets, Linoleums, Draperies and Tapestries at new prices—which means lower than wholesale price today. Lyon & Co. = Lyon & Co.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers