SAI Demareaics lat Bellefonte, Pa., January 10, 1919. A i War Expenses Make 1920 Outlay Heavy. Washington, D. C.—War expenses persisting in peace times, but falling off rapidly, will make the govern- ment’s outlay in the fiscal year 1920, beginning next July 1, $7,443,415,838, of which $5,212,000,000 will go to the War and Navy Departments, $893, 000,000 to pay interest on war debt, and $579,000,000 for continuing the building of a merchant marine, ac- cording to departmental estimates presented to Congress. These expenses compare with the $24,599,000,000 appropriations for the current year, ending next June 30, with the $18,000,000,000 which prob- ably will be actually spent this year, and with the ordinary annual expense of about $1,000,000,000 before the war. The advance estimates are neces- sarily rough, and many departments expect to cut them down during the next few months as committees of Congress work over the figures in drafting appropriation bills. Hereto- fore annual estimates have exceeded the appropriation authorizations, and the actual expenditures have usually been considerably less than the ap- propriations. Secretary McAdoo transmitted without comment the es- timates of various departments as submitted to him and compiled at the Treasury. The War Department wants $2,- 556,000,000 next year for bringing the army home from Europe, maintain- ing part of the force, continuing for- tifications and other purposes, and the Navy Department estimates its needs at $2,656,000,000, even more than this year. : The Shipping Board asks $500,000,- 000 for building ships already author- jzed by Congress, $60,000,000 for op- eration of vessels, $17,451,000 for re- cruiting and training officers and | $1,453,000 for incidental administra- tion expenses. The item of $893,000,000 as inter- | est on public debt includes provision for meeting the semi-annual pay- ment on Liberty loan bonds already outstanding and those to be issued in the near future, and this sum is not | subject to any great alteration. There is small provision for post- offices and other public buildings and river and harbor improvements. Only $1,567,000 is included in the estimates for buildings, and practically all of this is for continuing construction al- ready under way. Similarly, about half of the $19,870,000 for rivers and harbors is for maintenance or contin- uation of existing projects; $5,000,000 is asked as a general fund for use by | the Secretary of War, and $4,000,000 | for flood control on the Mississippi river. | For Congress, it is estimated, ex- pense will be $17,955,000; for the resident and a few bureaus revolv- ing about him, $5,981,000; for the State Department, $12,725,000; for the Treasury and all fiscal purposes, | $1,427,515,000; Panama Canal, $12,-! 216,000; Interior Department and a nymber of public works projects,’ $270,283,000; Department of Agricul-! ture, $58,283,000; Department of Commerce, $39,388,000; Department of Labor; $26,712,000; Department of Justice, $14,188,000; Federal Courts, $1,410,000; for forei intercourse, including consular activities, $11,042,- 000; for Indian affairs, $11,939,000, ! and for pensions arising eut of past] wars, $220,000,000, the usual sum sought. There is provision in the estimates for $287,000,000 for the establishment | of a sinking fund, reported perfunct- orily in previous years. In the face: of tremendous public debt, however, it is regarded as probable that Con- gross now will provide for a real re- emption fund with which to pay bonds when they fall due in future years. The estimated total of $7,- 443,000,000 does not include this item, nor $358,307,000 for postal service, the needs of which are covered auto- matically by appropriations, but are met directly from postal revenues. That officials count on the continued functioning of the War Risk Insur- ance Bureau, to administer soldiers’ and sailors’ insurance and compensa- tion payment, is indicated by the re- quest for $12,367,000 for administra- tion expense. The cost of collecting Federal tax- es is put at $27,346,000, and this would be spent largely in the admin- istration of the taxes during the cal- endar year 1919. An unusual item in the estimates is $20,000,000 asked for Sonduciing the lecennian census throughout the United States. z A little more than $30,000,000 would be spent by the Department of Agriculture in fighting plant and an- imal diseases and educational work. For the tariff commission, $400,000 is asked, or twice as much as the appro- priation for this year. Despite the uncertainty of life for a mmmber of government war agen- cies, estimates are made for the War Trade Board, $2,465,000; War Indus- tries Board, $1,000,000; Food Admin- istration, $12,000,000; Fuel Adminis- tration, $1,500,000; Capital Issues committee, $450,000, and Council of National Defense, $675,000. Payments to soldiers and sailors, or their dependents, on account of com- pensation, or government allowances, am; expected to run to nearly $120,- 000,000. Ten millions is the estimate cost of collecting customs and admin- istering customs regulations. Dad’s Excuses Were Poor. Johnny B—, who has seen eight summers go by, not very long ago de- veloped a fondness for playing hookey from school. After two or three of- fenses of this kind he was taken to task by his teacher. “Johnny,” she said, “the next time you are absent I want you to bring me an excuse from your father, tell- ing me why you were not here.” “I don’t want to bring an excuse from my father,” protested the boy. “Why not?” asked the teacher, her suspicion plain. “’Cause father isn’t any good at making ~excuses.”—Topeka State Journal. [ "NS J BARRACKS ON THE FACE QF A PRECIPICE OFA, Ima From WN By DR. FELICE FERRERO, Director Italian Bureau of Public Information. . The blood and treasure of Italy were freely spent in the successful effort to put Austria-Hungary out of the war. While Italy's efforts were not confined to the Austrian front, her contribution to allied success was greater here than fn the other places where her troops fought the baftle for civilization. Her financial and industrial efferts have been equal to her military effort, and in all these directions Italy has not lagged behind her allies. That the nature and extent of these efforts may be better understood by the American public, I wish to review them briefly. In considering Italy’s military con- tributions, let me emphasize the fact that her soldiers have not cosfined their fighting to their own soil. Like those ,0f her allies, they have gone far afield. They contributed largely to the glori- ous victory on the Balkan front. A large contingent in France first gave .powerful aid in the defense of Rhéims, then took part in the advance of the gllied forces. italy Had 5,500,000 Under Arms. Since the beginning of the war Italy has called to the colors little less than 5,500,000 men and has suffered a loss of almost 1,500,000 of them. Of that loss nearly 350,000 died in battle, and 100, 000 from disease. Over 550,000 are totaily incapacitated, either by blind- ness, loss of limb or tuberculosis. At the present moment the strength of the Italian army is 4,025,000, including the class of men born in 1900, who haye been called to the colors recent- ly. It may be said, then, that the na- tion’s man-power has suffered a per- manent loss of nearly a million, But, serious as is this loss, Italy has inflicted an even greater punishment upon the foe. In Austrian prisoners alone she has taken approximately a million. The Austrian loss in killed and wounded is, of course, unknown to us, but even the most conservative estimates make it far greater than ours. In the June offensive on the | Piave alone over 200,000 Austrtan dead were left on the fieid. 'Fighting Under Extreme Difficulties. Aside from their achievements in other theatres of the war, Italy’s sol- diers have fought through fifteen fu- rious offensives on tne Isonzo and the Piave, inflicting terrible losses on the foe in each. These campaigns were carried on in mountxinous regions and under rigorous weaiher conditions that taxed to the utmost the genius of the military engineers and the endurance of the troops. The foe, when hostili- ties opened, were entrenched in care- fully prepared and seemingly impreg- nable positions, backed by a network of military roads and railreads. On the Italian side were deep gorges, un- scalabia cliffs, almost impassable gla: clers, passes filled with snow and com- | manded by Austrian guns. There were ! no suitable roads or bridges. The sur-! mounting of these difficulties has chal- | aw PROFD lenged the admiration of the engineer- ing world. Over 2,500 miles of roads have been constructed on the mountains of Italy and of Albania, and 1,000 miles of aerial cable railroads (Teleferiche) have been built to carry food, ammu- nition and guns over deep ravines. Economic Difficulties. The magnitude of this military effort can be fully appreciated only when one takes into consideration the economic structure of the nation and the nature and number of its population. One must remember that out of 36,000,000 inhabitants in Italy at the beginning of the war only 17,000,000 were male. This seeming disproportion is caused by emigration, which was largely com- posed of male adults, Out of those 17,000,000 only 9,000,000 were adults economically productive, Consequent- ly the subtraction of the mobilized forces has had .an acute reaction on the economic life of the nation. It is estimated that on an average only 100 adults remained in each town or vil- lage to provide in each case for some 820 children below the age of fifteen. Furthermore, the traditions of Ital- ian family life render the work of their women an economic factor of less im- portance than in sone other countries, though it has been utilized to the ut- most and 8 becoming more available as old traditions give way to war's ne- cessity. No Troops From Colonies. Italy got no help from colonial con- tingents. On the conti.ry, the scarcity of native troops un Italy's colonies compelled the gove nment to reinforce them with troops from the mother country. Nor has help come to Italy through the co-operation of workmen of neutral or allied countries. Italy, on the other hand, sent a large con- tingent of skilled workmen to France, thus allowing her to release valued elements for war. Furthermore, near- ly 500,000 of our male adults residing in America gave to this great nation direct contribution to her economic and military efforts. To meet their military obligations, therefore, the Italian people have been compelled to cut into the most urgent needs of agriculture and industry. Her continuous lack of labor has made the task of feeding the army and provid- | ing it with munitions a most difficult one, And yet Italy, lacking labor and in- dustrial development, lacking almost entirely coal and raw materials, has by a miracle of energy been able to create almost from nothing a power- r ful organization of war industries. Difficult to Obtain Goods. The very act of entering the war cut PICKETS BREAKING FIRST _ TRAIL OVER GLACIAL HEIGHTS oFmICML TrAUAN ONOTO Tom Wn A TRENCH DIGGING AFTER A MOUNTAIN : - SNOW STORM = ENGI BALIAN op joff Italy from one of the sources of supply of manufactured products. It is not necessary here $0 enlarge upon the well knewn fact that Italian mar- kets were largely inder the domination of Germany and Austria. That is a situation that is as well known fo Americans as it is and was distasteful to Italians. And it might be said in passing that it is a situation that must be guarded against by allied co-opera- tion and sympathetic economic rela- tionship’ when peace comes. Mr. Francis H, Sisson, vice presi- dent of the Guaranty Trust Company, in a recent article on the economic situation of Italy points out that while Germany before th¢ war dominated the foreign trade of Italy so far as .nanufactutes were concerned, that country was one of the best customers of the United States in raw materials and foodstuffs. That writer also points out that it was the adjustment of her industrial and commercial life to the burdensome new conditions that has crested an entirely new economic fab- ric in Italy. “Italy's devotion of her resources to war purposes has been complete,” says Mr. Sisson. “Her pre-eminence in the production of certain articles of com- merce marked her as the chief source of supply for similar products of a warlike nature. Her ordinary produc- tion of automobiles, aeroplanes, tur- bines and heavy oil engines has mere- ly been intensified and modified in the direction of such a standardization as would permit quantity production.” Financially Italy Responded Well. Financially Italy also has responded 10 the demands of war with an open- handedness that has surprised even her- i self. From the first of August, 1914, to | tne end of 1917 the iotal expenditures of the state were $8.895,600,000. Cal- | <ulating on the basis vf a monthly aver- ge expenditure for the war of $240,000,- {::00, the total cost vf the war to Italy, i vould be more than $12,000,000,000. A further proof ¢f the financial ef- fort Italy made for the war, notwith- standing her small iueans, are the five national loans. The first one yielded, about $200,000,000, and it seemed a great struggle, yet still others were, iaunched, all giving greater returns, and the last one, after the disaster. of October, 1917, yielded about $1,- 200,000,000. It must be remembered, too, that labor shortage has meant a food short- age. It has established a vicious cir- cle. Our fighters and industrial work- ers have accomplished their work while forced to endure a regime of restricted diet that kas meant real and continuous suffering such as probably is not to be found anywhere among the other belligerent peoples, TE RSE ASAE 0 => = & Z| i or REAL GAINS? ENEROUS values, correct fit, dis ( tinctive style and lasting wearing qualitv—theseare some of the “gains” offered you in our new Fall and Winter Suits. High-Art Clothes MADE BY STROUSE & BROS., INC., BALTIMORE, MD. will particularly please you because their wearability spells economy to you. At the same time you will have the satisfaction of wearing good looking, well cut clothes that indicate gcod taste and knowledge of proper apparel. If you want clothes that not only look well in the store, butkeep on looking well after con- tinued use—come in and let us showyou the meaning of real economy in buying clothing. s+ Allegheny St.,, BELLEFONTE, PA. LL LEU ‘Wise Feeders Feed Excello Dairy Feeds And have Healthy, Contented Dairy Cows. Excello Feeds are a BALANCED RATION— 100 per cent. pure. No hulls; no indigestible filler. Excello Horse Feed is a balanced ration for horses, and is made with the same degree of care as the Dairy Feed. Each isin a class by itself Ryde’s Calf Meal, a substitute for milk ~ Better for Calves than milk and not nearly as expensive. Beef Scrap, 55 per cent. protein A Full Line of Brookville Wagons “New Idea” Manure Spreaders Sleds, Sleighs, Pumps, Gasoline Engines, Etc. AT THE RIGHT PRICE Dubbs’ Implement and Seed Store 62-47 DUNLOP STREET, BELLEFONTE, PA. INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS WILL DO ALL YOUR HAULING 3-4 Ton for Light Hauling Big Truck for Heavy Loads “Greatest Distance for Least Cost” OOPS GEORGE A. BEEZER, BELLEFONTE, PA. 61-30 DISTRIBUTOR. AAAAAAAAAAAARAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANAAANN J
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers