Belletonte, Pa., August 31, 1917. — w— SUCCESS. There are no “lifts” in the House of suc- cess, But the stairs are long and steep, And the man who would climb To the top, in his time, Before he dare walk, must creep. Of carpets there are none in the House of Success, But the floors are hard and bare, And you're likely te trip And slide and slip, In the pitfalls here and there. There are no lounges or easy chairs, Nor places to rest your spine, But after you've won To the rocf—-there’s the sua, And, ah! but the view is fine, —The Optimist. THE WAR AND BUSINESS. Address before Merchants Association of New York, Friday, June 1, 1917, We have met today in pursuance of a high purpose, a purpose which at this fateful moment is one and the same wherever, throughout the world, the language of free men is spoken and understood. It is the purpose of a common de- termination to fight and to bear and to dare everything and never to cease nor rest until the accursed thing which has brought upon the world the unut- terable calamity, the devil’s visitation of this appalling war, is cestroyed be- vond all possibility of r2;urrection. That accursed thing is not a nation, but an evil spirit, a spirit which has made the government possessed by it and executing its abhcrrent and bloody bidding an abomiration in the sight of God and men. What we are now contending for, by the side of our splendidly brave and sorely tried Allies, after infinite for- bearance, after delay which many of us found it hard to bear, are the things which are amongst the highest and most cherished that the civilized world has attained through the toil, sacrifices and suffering of its best in the course of many centuries. They are the things without which darkness would fall upon hope, and life would become intolerable. They are the things of humanity, liberty, justice and mercy, for which the best men amongst all the nations —including the German natinn—have fought and bled these many genera- tions past, which were the ideals of Luther, Goethe, Schiller, Kant, and a host of others who had made the name of Germany great and beloved until fanatical Prussianism run amuck came to make its deeds a by-word and a hissing. This appalling conflict which has been drenching the world with blood is not a mere fight of one or more peoples against one or more other peoples. It goes far deeper. It sharply divides the soul and con- science of the world. It transcends vastly the bounds of racial allegiance. It is ethically fundamental. In determining one’s attitude to- wards it, the time has gone by—if it ever was—when race and blood and inherited affiliations were permitted to count. A century and a haif ago Ameri- cans of English birth rose to free this country from the oppression of the rulers of England. Today Ameri- cans of German birth are called upon to rise, together with their fellow- citizens of all races, to free not only this country but the whole world from the oppression of the rulers of Germany, an oppression far less capa- ble of being endured and of far grav- er portent. Speaking as one bora of German parents, I do not hesitate to state it as my deep conviction that the great- est service which men of German birth or antecedents can render to the country of their origin is to proclaim and to stand up for those great and fine ideal and national qualities and traditions which they inherited from their ancestors, and to set their faces like flint against the monstrous doc- trines and acts of a rulership which have robbed them of the Germany which they loved and in which they took just pride, the Germany which had the good will, respect and admi- ration of the entire world. I do not hesitate to state it as my solemn conviction that the more un- mistakably and whole-heartedly Americans of German origin throw themselves into the struggle which this country has entered in order to rescue Germany, no less than America and the rest of the world from those sinister forces that are, in President Wilson’s language, the enemy of all mankind, the better they protect and serve the repute of the old German name and the true advantage of the German people. Gentlemen, I measure my words. They are borne out all too emphatic- ally by the hideous eloquence of deeds which have appalled the conscience of the civilized world. They are borne out by numberless expressions, writ- ten and spoken, of Germun professors employed by the State to teach its youth. The burden of that teaching is that might makes right, and that the Ger- man nation has been chosen to exer- cise morally, mentally and actually, the over-lordship of the world and must and will accomplish that task and that destiny whatever the cest in bloodshed, misery and ruin. The spirit of that teaching, in its in- tolerance, its mixture of sanctimoni- ousness and covetousness and its self- righteous assumption of the world- improving mission, is closely akin to the spirit from which were bred the religious wars of the past through the long 2nd dark years whea Protestants and Catholics killed one another and devastated Europe. I speak in sorrow, for I am speak- ing of the country of my origin and I have not forgotten what I owe to it. I speak in bitter disappointment, for I am thinking of the Germany of former days, the Germary which has contributed its full share to the store of the world’s imperishable assets and which, in not a few fields of human endeavor and achievement held the leading place among the nations of the earth. And I speak in the firm faith that, after its people shall have shaken off and made atonement for the dreadful spell which an evil fate has cast upon them, that former Germany is bound to arise again and, in due course of time, will again deserve and attain the good-will and the hizh respect of the world and the affectionate loyalty of all those of German blood in for- eign lands. But I know that neither Germany nor this country nor the rest of the world can return to happiness and peace and fruitful labor until it shall have been made manifest, bitterly and unmistakably manifest, to the rulers who bear the blood guilt for this wan- ton war and to their misinformed and misguided peoples that the spirit which unchained it cannot prevail, that the hateful doctrines and meth- ods in pursuance of which and in com- pliance with which it is conducted are rejected with abhorrence by the civil- ized world, and that the cver-weening ambitions which it was meant to serve can never be achieved. The fight for civilization which we all fondly believe had been won many vears ago must be fought over again. In this sacred struggle it is now our privilege to take no mean part, and our glory to bring sacrifices. But the immediate object which we are endeavoring to serve at this gath- ering bears no resemblarce to sacri- fice. It is patriotism plus “3% per cent. tax-exempt and with conversion privilege”—surely a most tempting combination. I wonder whether anv of you have figured out the value in dollars and cents of the tax-exemption feature of the Liberty Loan. If you invest your money in taxable securities; you of course pay tax upon the full income from those securities. You actually realize upon your invest- en the gross return less the income ax. If, on the other hand, you invest in the Liberty Loan, you retain the en- tire income therefrom. You must regard, therefore, as re- turn epon your investment in the Lib- erty Loan not only the 3% per cent. in- terest payment, but also that sum which, had you realized it as income from taxable securities, you would have had to pay out as income tax. This naturally has, especially in the case of the larger incomes, a very substantial effect upon the actual in- terest realized. If you will take the income tax rates adopted recently by the House of Representatives in the war revenue bill and add to the 3% par cent. on the Liberty Loan such percentage as you would have to pay on taxable securi- ties, you will get some astonishing re- sults, as exemplified in the following table showing the yield from invest- ing in the Liberty Loan as compared to the yield from taxable investments: 5.38 per cent. of incomes over $ 100,000 5.38 per cent. of incomes over 150,000 5.93 per cent. of incomes over 200,000 6.45 per cent. of incomes over 250,000 7.07 per cent. of incomes over 300,000 7.82 per cent. of incomes over 500,000 8.75 per cent. of incomes over 1,000,000 8.97 per cent. of incomes over 1,500,000 9.21 per cent. of incomes over 2,000,000 Now, of course, I quite realize that incomes over $100,000 have only a pla- tonic, and perhaps even a rather mel- ancholy interest, for the vast ma- jority. I also realize that the income taxa- the House Bill, will in all probability be modified when sober second thought and mature reflection come to assert themselves. But still, there is bound to be vig- orous taxation of capital, and there- fore the figures which I have quoted give you a measure of the attractive- ness and desirability of the Liberty Loan, which are certain to express themselves in the market value it will attain. The effect of large subscriptions to the Liberty Loan is a heartening to our Allies, a warning to our enemies, and an insurance to ourselves. To make war, money is as essential as men and munitions. Therefore an overwhelming success of the Liberty Loan is almost equal to a victorious battle. It will be a new proof to our Allies of the immense force that is now ar- rayed on their side, it will bring home to our enemies further recognition - of the gigantic economic power which they have tackled, it will prove to our- selves in how abundant a measure we have at our disposal the financial means for defense and actack. It will be the first American battle of the war. , Woe to the man who proves himself a slacker by not taking his due part in the loan. The loan must not only be success- ful, it must he overwhelmingly suc- cessful. Patriotism, national pride and self- interest require it. The continuance of cur prosperity is dependent on it. Non-success is, of course, not to be thoughs of. But the bare covering of the amount offered would chill the heart of enterprise. A big over-subscription will quick- en the pulse of business, will buoy up our spirits and give enhanced power and impetus to our undertaking. New York must lead—mnot only in proportion to its resources as compar- ed to those of other States, but far be- vond that. And, of course, it will. The splendid work of the gentlemen, who at the request of the Secretary of the Treasury have taken upon them- selves the heavy burden of the Liber- ty Loan campaign, and of assisting in working out the complex details of that huge transaction, lias set us a magnificent example, to emulate, each one of us in his sphere. These men, the leaders of the finan- cial community, have thrown them- selves into their task with a zest and devotion, a disregard of personal con- siderations and a profusien of person- al effort, which are worthy of the very highest recognition. Some of them have worked and are working to the point of physical exhaustion. And if one may be singled out where all have done so magnificently, I am sure that I voice the sentiment of all of you in expressing the tribute of our gratitude and admiration to Mr. Frank A. Vanderlip, the chairman tion rates as well as other features of of the Publicity comm’itee of New York’s Liberty Loan conmuntitee. i A more public-spiritel and patriot- ‘ie citizen the Republic does not pos- sess, nor the business community a more valuable memher or one more worthy of honor. If, without modesty, I may venture ion this occasicn upon :i.few general i suggestions appertaining to the re- | lationship of business men to the ‘grave and fateful undertaking in | which our country is engaged, I need | hardly emphasize that the first and | foremost duty of business men, be- i yond and above every » ther interest, iis to do everything in heir power—I mean literally everything, without any { limitation whatsoever—tc help the i President to win this most just and righteous war, into which, Ged knows, we have not lightly entered. To this end we must not stop at any sacrifice, financial or personal, that the emergency may require cf us. We must consider our time and our capacities subject to =zelective con- scription on the part of the govern- ment, unconditionally, and upon the shortest notice. And I know well that no one of us will falter to respond to any call that may be made upon him. Besides the fine duty of personal service and sacrifice there rests more particularly upon business men the less grateful duty of vigilance con- cerning the business part of the con- duct of the war, and if necessary— but only if necessary—of helpful crit- icism. To wage a war—and this war far beyond any of those of the past—is the vastest and most strenuous busi- ness undertaking that a notion can put its hand to. The amount of monev «f which the ment staggers the imagination. The task of spending it wisely, efficiently and without wastefulness is one tax- ing the very highest ability and firm- est character. The integrity of those in charge of our Government is, of ccurse, beyond the remotest shadow of suspicion. There will be no scandal here such as has disgraced some responsible of- ficials in other countries during the war—the most heinous of all dis- graces. But there are bound ro be mistakes nitude and difficulty. 3uch mistakes, as far as they concern the policy and practice of expenditures, are apt to be first noticed by business men. It is the duty of each one of us in such a case, quietly and courteously to bring the facts to the atiention of the official responsible for the respective department. I feel convinced that such representations made in a proper spirit and an appropriate manner, will meet with a sympathetic reception and receive adequate attention, but if —contrary to expectation—there should be no proper response or sc- tion in due course, then it becomes our patriotic duty to disclose the facts publicly and fearlessly, provided, of course, that we are quite certain that they are facts and not merely surmis- es or suspicions or exaggerated re- ports. To say and to do the popular thing is not always the most patriotic thing. Utterances or actions which meet with condemnation and resentment at the moment may turn out and be rec- ognized in the course of time as hav- ing been of genuine service to the Commonwealth. 11 I think the business men's slogan during the war should be “No pan- icky saving and no excesscive profits.” From the psychological as well as from the economic poins of view, it is of the greatest importance that there be no grave business set-back whilst the war lasts. Business should be kept active, em- ployment should be abundant, wages should be high. We are in this war to a successful finish, however long that may take. A serious decline in business would make us less able to provide the sums nec- essary to be raised by taxation and borrowing to conduct the war, and would moreover have 2a tendency, through its various and widespread effects, to produce that insidious dis- ease, perilous and paralyzing to the nation’s war efforts, “war-weariness.” Of course, there must be some dis- location of business. That cannot be avoided. Manufacturers make c2:tain kinds of articles, merchants dealing in certain kinds of goods, will have to adjust themselves, to an extent, to making some different articles required by the needs of the occasion, and to dealing in different goods. But business should and can remain excellent and—again for psychologic- al and economic reasons— there should be a good, indeed more than normal margin of profit, because of the great- er risks involved in doing business during war time (and because of oth- er considerations which would require a somewhat lengthy explanation,) but a large slice of that profit once real- ized should be taken by the Govern- ment in the shape of excess profit and income taxation. It is, of course, absurd to preach— as is being preached in some quarters —that no one should be allowed to make more money during a war than his bare living expenses. If we can- not accumulate savings we shall very soon be at the end of our tether. But it is entirely right to preach that no one should benefit financially from the dreadful calamity of war, that no one should be permitted to use the urgent necessities caused by war to exact extortionate prices. Of course, also, we should all econ- omize during war, but the rule of rea- son holds good even in respect of pings that it is well and praiseworthy to do. As the war proceeds and especially if it lasts a long time, 1t will become increasingly necessary to turn the productive activities of the nation from things that can be dispensed with to things that are necessary for the conduct of the war and otherwise. But, if owing to the needs of the war, certain lines of business may and probably will have to be extinguished for the time being and the activities of those who have handled them here- tofore, utilized in other directions, let [ the evolution come gradually and not expenditure is confided to our Govern- with a sudden jerk which would give a needless jar to the delicate machine- ry of business. In whatever respects course of trade, without detriment to our supreme task, the successful end- ing of the war, we should, I believe, do so. But we can and unquestionably should at once proceed to take such steps, each one of us, as will produce, if I may use the term, primary sav- ings. This is, of course, a complex subject and its full discussion would require far more time than I have at my dis- posal. I will only quote onz homely in- stance to illustrate my meaning: If we, every one of us in our indi- vidual households, pay careful atten- tion to the avoidance of that waste of food and material for which America is proverbial, if we deny ourselves a few indulgences in the way of eating and drinking and late entertaining, if we do those and a few similar simple things, the resulting national saving in the aggregate will be 2normous, the stock of national assets will be in- creased and no one will be damaged by the process in his own business. This is a crude and obvicus exam- ple, but I think the same test can be applied to other methods cf economiz- ing—at least in the early stages of the war. It is likewise obvicus tlat we should at once start upcn reduvcir.g our indi- vidual use of such materials and arvti- cles for which a special demand is cre- ated by Government requirements, and that by dsing so we are not caus- ing any detriment to industry. that if the conflict coriinues for a long time, it will necessary to resort te more drastic and deep cutting measures of saving. May I add that the worst and least . permissitle way of saving during a | war is to cut down on one's charitable and altruistic contributions along his habitual channels. War charities i should not be supported at the ex- { pense of one’s accustomed charities, . but in addition thereto. | III | Lastly, and to return to the begin- : ning. Our one and supreme job, the { one purpose to which all others must in an enterprise of this collossal mag- | give way, is to bring this war to a | | successful conclusion. One of the means toward that end is to make the Liberty Loan a verita- ble triumph, an overwh2lming expres- sion of our gigantic economic strength. To accomplish that, let each one of us feel himself personally responsible, let each cne of us work as if our life very real sense, does no: our national life and our individual life depend on the outcome of this war? Would life be tolerabl2 if the power ous, held the world by the throat, if the primacy of the earti belonged to a government steeped in the doctrines of a barbarous past and supported by a ruling cast which preaches the dei- destroy both if it could ’ To that spirit and to those doe- trines, we, citizens of America and servants, as such, of humanity, will oppose cur solemn and unshakable resolution “to make the world safe for democracy,” and we will say, with a clear conscience, in the noble words which more than five hundred years ago were uttered by the Parliament of Scotland: “It is not for glory, or for rich- es, or for honor that we fight, but for liberty alone which no good man loses but with his life.” The Oldest Postoffice Building in America. The pioneers of the northwest often mace use of huge trees hollowed out by fire or decay. Scme of these “tree houses” they occupied as temporary residences. Others they used as shel- ters for stock or as primitive barns. Only one, however, eves had the dis- tinction of being a United States post- office. That stump is in Clallam coun- ty, in the State of Washington. In the early days the settlers were widely scattered, and it was a long journey over rough trails to the post- office. Carriers could do no more than leave mail at some central point. The big cedar stump, twelve feet in diameter, and reduced to a shell by fire, was a base from which a number of trails radiated. By common con- sent it became the postoffice for a wide region. The settlers put on a roof of cedar shakes, and nailed boxes round its interior, which they regarded as marked with their names. There was a larger box for the outgoing mail. There were no locks, but the mails were never tampered wiik. This primitive postoffice was used for more than a year. It has been carefully preserved, and is annually visited by hundreds of interested sightseers. The stump is believed to be over two thousand years old, which clearly establishes its right to the dis- tinction of being the oldest postoffice building in America.—Ex. Rain After Thunder. Why dees a heavy downpour of rain often follow a clap of thunder? asks the Popular Science Monthly, and gives this answer: Not as is popular- ly believed, because the thunder jos- tles the cloud particles together into raindrops. In the violent turmoil be- tween the positive and negative elec- tricity in a thunderbolt there will be places where the production of drops by condensation and their subsequent breaking up proceeds more rapidly than elsewhere. Hence, in these places there will be more drops to fall as rain, and, also, more <lectrification, tlie rainfall occurring about the same time as the flash. We have, then, starting toward the earth at the same time, light, heat sound and raindrops. The light, trav- eling at a speed of about 186,000 miles per second, reaches us almost instant- ly. The sound travels far more slow- ly—about 1,090 per second—but the rain falls much more slowly still. Thus we observe, first, the lightning, then the thunder, and then rain.—Ex. and for as! long as we can maintain the normal At the same time we must realize doubtless become depended on the result. And, in a | of Prussianism, run mad and murder- | fieation of sheer might, which despis- ! es liberty, hates democracy and would | y *3 ™ | heads when Mrs. Harriet W. R. Strong ; | set out a walnut orchard on her Cali- ——Subscribe for the “Watchman.” FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN. DAILY THOUGHT A simple conversation across the table { with a wise man is better than ten years’ study of books.—Longfellow. There is 2a movement on foot in Rus- sia to raise an enormous army com- posed entirely of women. Five Russiar women «f the Regi- ment “Legion of Death” lost their lives in a fight with the German troops. Miss Belle Ingraham, of Dayton, Ohio, is an elevator operator in a large department stcre in that city. Women are employed as road build- ers at Mahanoy City, Pa., where they receive the same pay as the men la- | borers. Labor scarcity, due to the war, has led to the employment of 35 women and girls in positions formerly held by men in the Washington, D. C., ter- minal of the Pennsylvania railroad. Four of them are used as ticket sell- ers. Employment of several hundred women as laborers by the Ryan car plant, Chicago, began a: an experi- ment several wesks ago, has proven so successful that several large man- ufacturers are considering adopting the plan. The women range in age from 18 to 45 vears, receive 30 cents an hour and work eight hours a day. Five States now have women Leg- islators. The New York curb market has two women operators. Esther Cleveland, daughter of the late President Cleveland, who is now in France, was recently allowed to go on the firing line in the Somme dis- trict. Miss Zella de Milhan, of Washing- ton, D. C., is considered one of the best etchers in the country and sells nearly all of her work to the United States government. Princess Patricia teacnes the men to make lamp shadzs and other orna- ments with pretty chintzes which she collects. They enjoy making their own designs and the work helps them | to forget their pains. | Women are being employed as sig- ‘nal operators on’ the Pennsylvania i railroad. Twenty-five young women employ- FARM NOTES. —The Pennsylvania wheat crop will | be almost a million bushels more than | estimated a month ago and may reach 24,000,000 bushels. —The average price of cherries was | three cents higher than lest year and : raspberries and blackberries were two | cents higher. i —An increase of almost fifty per i cent. in the yield of buckwheat is in- ' dicated by figures from all sections of | the State computed by the Pennsylva- ' nia Department of Agriculture. i —The largest corn crop that Penn- sylvania has had for many years is expected from reports received from ; all sections of the State. It is esti- ! mated at over 65,000,000 bushels. —Even though the hog furnishes i the most meat for a given amount of | feed and will produce it in the quick- | est time, the United States Depart- iment of Agriculture points out that i this meat should be produced mainly from food wastes and not from good ' grain that would furnish food direct- lv to man. The great eccnomy in : pork production comes irom the fact that pigs furnish a food by-product from these wastes and do not need the Sigh shade feeds that beef cattle must ave. —Make Sauerkraut.—Now is the time to make sauerkraut, say officials of the United States Department of Agriculture. Tremendous rainfall throughout the country has resulted in an enormous cabbage crop. Nine out of every ten pounds of cabbage is water. Lack of rain last year sent the , price of cabbage from $2 and $5 a ton . to $100 and $200. i One million dollar’s worth of last vear’s crop of cabbage was made into sauerkraut, but even so there was such a shortage of this valuable food ma- terial that the price rose from $3.50 a barrel to $35. —The committee on seed stocks of the United States Department of Ag- riculture is endeavoring to assist in supplying information as to where seeds may be obtained. To this end it . will appreciate information from any- one who has seed to offe:. The infor- mation should contain the name, kind, and variety, and approximately the quantity of seed offered as well as the price asked. It proposes to file all such information and to use it in ans- wering inquiries that may be received from various parts of the country. All such communications should be ad- dressed to R. A. Oakley, chairman committee on seed stocks, U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, i ed in the office of the New York Board D.C | of Health | mas in the first-aid course and will i soon be sent to France for service { with the American army units. | Miss Jeanette Rankin, Congress- i woman, from Montana, cme out vie- | torious in her fight for an eight-hour i day basis for all men and women ~m- | ployees in the Bureau of Engraving i and Printing. Doleful wiseacres wagged their fornia ranch. She planted enough a straight line 25 miles long. There were more than 150 acres of them. Today walnuts net $100 an acre and upward. “This,” remarked a certain young girl, “is a camp suit. 1t is curious, is it not, that I seldom think of wear- ing anything but blue, in general, un- til I get off in the woods on a camp- ing trip; then I instinctively turn to browns and greens. This camping suit design I have worked out, after trials of various other things, and I expect to enjoy it immensely. The material is a good, firm quality of Japanese crepe. And the color, as vou see, is brown, a sort of deep and a chocolate brown ; it is hard to describe it, but to me, it is a lovely shade. Every one wears bloomers in camp, so the first part of my costume is a pair of good, full blcomers, quite plain and unadorned. Instead of the usual middy blouse to wear above them however, I am making this smock that I have here. As you see, I am doing the actual smocking in shades of green and brown—nice woodsy colors, I think; don’t you? “I like this pattern bezause it has plenty of smocking on it, but yet is not too elaborate. You cee, it comes wrists, and also on both of the pock- ets. And the helt had just a touch of embroidery in these same colors, to make it belong. No, it does not open coat fashion; instead, it is opened at the neck just a little way down, six inches or so, and fastenszs with four pairs of buttons. Here they are; I have made them myself out of brown and green mercerized cotton cords; the process is simple, really just a se- ries of knots over a foundation of some round, brown, bone buttons that I bought. “This is not all my costume, how- ever. Wait until you see my hat. At first, I thought that I would make a cloth hat, with a stitched rolling brim of the crepe, but I soon decided that that would be too hot, so I looked about for something else. In one of the department stores I found a broad-brimmed hat of some flexible straw, which I can roll vp just as a man rolls up his soft felt sport hat. This, you see, is a good shade hat and yet is easily carried, does not take up much room, and I try to carry just as little baggage as rossible to camp. There is not room for much, anyway, in a tent. For trimming, I have made a double band of the brown crepe, like my suit, and embroidered a conven- tional design of trees and leaves on it in browns and greens, used in the smocking. There is a bow at one sikle and a pair of ends with dangles, like the buttons «n the smock, and it can all be attached to the hat at a monment’s notice, and it will stay attached, too, by meezns of these snap fasteners. I do not intend to have a gust of wind blow away my handi- work, and I do not wear hatpins te hold it down, for my hat fits down over my head closely enough to keep it on. have been awarded diplo- | young trees to form, when full grown, | golden brown, or between a golden | on the shoulders on eacin cide, on both ! like those I —Wastes on farms and in the towns make good hog feed; by-pro- ducts from canneries, bakeries, fish- ; eries, packing plants and the like can be utilized as hog feed and to better | economic advantage than in any other way. Dairy wastes are particularly valuable as hog feed and promote rap- id growth with a good roney return for every gallon fed. { The farm orchard furnishes large ' quantities of windfallen or defective fruit, which is relished bv hogs, and is beneficial if fed in small quantities frequently, and not all at cone feed. Garden wastes, tops of vegetables, culls of all sorts, even weeds, are | readily eaten, and such as may not be . eaten will be worked over, going into . the bedding and adding to the manure. : Kitchen wastes are an excellent | source of food for hogs, Lut shculd be kept at a minimum, because practical- ily all food prepared for man’s use | should be eaten by him. —The ancient art of pickling or | fermenting food, as a cheap and sim- 1 ple means of preserving it in large | quantities, is highly indorsed by the | department’s experts. On account of i the great development of canning in- i dustries, this healthful method of food | preservation has been lost sight of in recen: years in the individual homes, but it now offers a safe and sane method of caring for the perishable ! products coming on to the market in quantities too great for immediate consumption. The advantages of this method of food conservation, by use of salt brine, say the department’s officials, are that it is simple, requires little labor, prac- tically no outlay of capital, and takes care of food in larger quantities. The method also lends variety to the home menu. The ferment which develops in the food is thought by some to have a beneficial effect on the health. It is the same acid that develops in sour milk, which has had such a wide vogue as a healthful beverage. Uncle Sam has been quick to appreciate the val- ue of fermented food in the diet of soldiers, and has ordered large quan- tities of cucumber pickles, sauerkraut, etc. Not only cabbage, cucumbers, and beets, can be very successfully preserved at home by this process, but string beans, beet tops, turnip tops, and other food materials which would otherwise go to waste. —The city of Hull, Mass., has a herd of 325 hogs which are turning garbage into pork, and providing a cheaper disposal of waste than was possible under the former garbage-re- duction methods. Hull’s municipal or community piggery hasbeen under- taken in response to appeals for more meat prcduction, and officials of the United States Department of Agri- culture and of the Massachusetts Ag- ricultural College report the system as practical. The town’s committee of Public Safety advanced the money to buy the young pigs, which were taken at cost by citizens. The land for pasturing and housing the hogs was given free, so the only cost was for two large hog houses. One man feeds and manages the entire herd. Each day the unecat- en garbage is taken away before aay more is fed; all hegs are inoculated against cholera and are kept under sanitary conditions. | When the hogs are ready for mar- ket the unit cost of car: and feeding: | will be shared equally by the owners, | and this sum plus the original cost of { the pig will be the only expense to the owners. The public safety committee is holding a surplus of young sows for breeding, since it plans to continue the system. Citizens of that town ex- tol the advantages of its garbage dis- posal and recommend places of similar size. it for other: uid wy
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers