Fossa Dewunaiis Wada, Bellefonte, Pa., August 3, 1917. NEEDLESSS WEAR ON TIRES IS | DUE TO CARELESSNESS. Common Form of Mileage Waste Can Be Avoided by Motorist Who Will Follow These Rules. | It is estimated that the stupendous sum of $350,000,000 was spent for au- tomobile tires last year. Of this vast expenditure, experts figure $105,000,- 000 was squandered by automobile drivers through carelessness and ig- norance in the use and care of tires. This is the third of a series of articles written to prevent much of this unnec- essary tire expense. These articles were prepared by experts and offer only simple, practical suggestions. A very common form of “tire wast- age” is the unnecessary wear on the tire caused by a careless use of the car brakes, the inaccurate adjustment of the wheels or the improper use of anti-skid devices. Of these, probably the most common is the careless use of the brakes. Kncwing how to stop, when neces- sary, is considered more important than a knowledge of how to start the engine; therefore, the use of foot and emergency brakes is taught to the new car owner early. Locking the wheels will not bring the car to an im- mediate stop; the momentum and weight will cause the rear wheels to slide along for a considerable distance and grind off the tread of the tires in the same manner that street car wheels are ground flat in spots. Avoid letting in the clutch quickly while the engine is running fast. Such treatment is not goed for either car or tires. Spinning the driving wheels in mud, snow or on slippery roads may grind off the tread rubber and some- times snag the cover along the entire wheel circumference. Anti-skid devices are helpful under certain conditions, but great harm will result from continued use when not actually needed. Some devices are noisy and there is a temptation to fas- ten them tightly to the tires, causing the cross grips to cut and gouge into the rubber cover and fabric under- neath. When cross grips become worn sharp and rough they should be replaced, otherwise cutting of the cov- er cannot be avoided. Another common cause of excessive wear on a tire tread is faulty align- ment of the wheels. Your car should be inspected occasionally by a me- chanic to correct this fault. UNNECESSARY WEAR ON SIDE WALLS Probably one of the most common and inexcusable abuses of tires is driving them in car tracks or deep ruts. The easiest riding road is some- times the hardest on tires. There may be times when bad roads cannot be avoided, but side wall inju- ry to the tires under such circumstan- ces should not, ir fairness, be consid- ered as an indication of fault in the quality or construction. It is possible, under very severe conditions, to wear through the side wall yubber in a very short time, but ordinarily the wear indicates neglect. If it is necessary to drive occasional- ly over bad roads, reverse the tires, i. e., place the worn side toward the car, vuleanize rubber over the most worn parts to protect the fabric from moisture and disintegration, and it will be found that the normal service from the tires will not be greatly af- fected. : Rough streets tempt one to drive in car tracks. It is more comfortable for the passengers and may be econo- my to protect the car, at times, from bumps and unusual vibration by run- ning in car tracks, rather than over rough, cobblestone pavements and the tires won’t be injured noticeably by doing this occasionally—it is the con- tinued practice that shortens the mileage. : Quite often the pavement along in- side edges of rails is very rough and may result in cuts to the rubber and bruises to the fabric. Rails on hills are to be avoided as much as possible, as they usually have sharp, thin splin- ters on the edges, which are liable to cut or puncture the tires. The service of tires will be abbre- viated to a considerable extent if cuts, punctures and snags are neglected. Too much care cannot be exercised in this respect. : The elasticity of the rubber permits a cut in the tread to expand when un- der the weight of machine and in con- tact with the wood. In this way such foreign matter as grit, sand and peb- bles are forced into the cut. With each revolution of the wheel the ac- cumulation of foreign matter acis as a wedge and further forces itself be- tween the cover and fabric of the tire. It is not unusual for these lumps or “mud boils,” if neglected, to cause a complete separation of the tread. It is very generally known that gas- oline, grease, oil and other fatty sub- stances are solvents of rubber. Oiled parkways and roads are not particu- larly harmful, especially after the oil has soaked into the roadway. If garage floors are not kept clean and the tires stand in a pool of oil, the treads soften and the traction strain in service stretches the rubber in a wavy outline. Probably the most damage is ex- perienced from grease in differential housing, working out into the break drums and then on tc the side walls of the tires. This may result from loose bearings, too much grease or from using grease not suitable for the dif- ferential. Not Mere Livin g. “My salary is $4,000 a Couldn’t you live on that?” “I suppose I could manage to live on it,” replied the girl, “but I expected to do a lot of entertaining after I was ariel y=lovisvie Courier-Jour- nal. year. American women residing in Australia have organized an Ameri- can-Australian League of Help, one of the objects being to send comforts to the American soldiers co-operating with the Allies. War’s Destruction Short-Lived. Devastated districts in France re- fuse to stay devastated. Nature is a | German torpedo supply is weakening. great restorer, and when she is back- ed up by districts of France would not recover in a generation are now beholding with falsity, says an editorial writer in the “Scientific American” (New York:) “Truly remarkable, then, is the an- nouncement recently made by French officials to the effect that work is pro- gressing rapidly in the devastated dis- tricts, and that already there is prom- ise of abundant crops in the restored provinces. It appears that the Ger- mans, needful of every bit of food they could possibly raise in any of their occupied lands, planted crops in these provinces, fully convinced that they would reap the harvest. And when, to their surprise, they were driven out, or at least decided to exe- cute one of their inimitable ‘strategic retreats,” they were unable to destroy their plantings. It so happens that France is an agricultural country, and her army numbers many workers of the soil; so when the French army re- covered the provinces the soldiers on furlough offered to work the erstwhile German farms. Implements have been rushed from the interior to the newly acquired regions, and work is proceeding satisfactorily on the mili- tary farms. Tens of thousands of acres bear signs indicating that they are ’Cultivated by the Army.’ “The fruit-trees which the German invaders ruthlessly slashed and cut down presented a more serious prob- lem. Yet when the French tree sur- geons came upon the scene they soon found means of salvaging the grand old fruit-trees which were the pride of the former French inhabitants. Cor- respondents tell us that thousands of these fruit-trees are to be seen today in full bloom, with their trunks tied up with bandages in much the same way as a human arm undergoing medical care. Trees cut down have Leen rais- ed, straightened, and the trunk prop- erly re-inforced with stout splints, with the result that many of them have been saved. “Roads which were full of gaping holes caused by exploded mines, bridges, and other public werks have been leveled and replaced. Indeed, all that still remains to remind the French and their British allies that those provinces were converted into a desert by orders of nore else than von Hindenburg are the thousands of wrecked homes, churches, town halls, and schools. And these, too, will be speedily replaced by others.” The Czar a “Poor Man.” Now that the ex-Czar has been de- prived of all the revenue from the land belonging to the Russian Crown, there remains to him only his strictly personal property. The London “Times” tells us that the ex-Czar is a poor man, but the figures given lead us to understand that the “Times” uses the term “poor” in a relative and not absolute sense: “Mr. Titoff, the commissary ap- pointed by the Provisional Govern- ment to take charge of the affairs of the ex-Czar and his family, has ap- plied for a grant to cover their immec- diate expenses. “According to a rough estimate of their private fortunes, it appears that Nicholas II owns not more than $500,- 000 in cash and securities. His wife’s fortune amounts to about $550,000. Young Alexis is much wealthier, as his allowance has been accumulating. He possesess about $2,750,000. The fortunes of his sisters are estimated as follows: Olga, $2,650,000; Tatia- na, $2,000,000; Marie, $1,850,000; An- astasia, $1,650,000. “Since 1906 the Civil List has amounted to $8,000,000 annually, but enormous revenues were derived from mines, forests, and lands belonging to the Emperor’s cabinet. The expendi- ture of the Court swallowed up these vast sums . . . Hence, in spite of his great possessions, the Czar appears to be a poor man, inasmuch as the real estate belonging to the Cabinet will become State property. “The position of the Grand Dukes and other members of the Romanof family will also have to be considered. Some of them own large pri- vate properties. The other kinsmen had little besides an annual grant from the revenue of the Imperial ap- panages, which will also revert to the State.” Hungry Sweet Tooth of German People. The German government has per- mitted certain candy shops in Berlin to continue doing business—possibly to work up stocks on hand. Prices, not being controlled on such luxuries, had gone sky high—four or five dol- lars a pound for mixed chocolates. Candy shops were open only for a few minutes at a time, usually from 4 to 4:30 in the afternoon. Not more than one-quarter of a pound could be sold to any one person at a time. And on- ly a fixed amount altogether could be sold in one day. The clerks would go to the shop some time ahead of the opening hour and de up the allotted amount in quarter-pound packages. _ About half-past three and often ear- lier, the eager customers would begin to take up positions in front of the candy shop doors, like the crowds in our cities waiting for theatre tickets on great special occasions. By open- ing time there would often be a crowd of half a hundred or more waiting. As the doors parted they would surge for- ward and begin calling eagerly for the favorite kind. I have seen a shop sell its daily quota in less than ten minutes, and the customers go away smiling and hug- ging their precious packages. Most of the customers were women, but not a few men have I seen taking their turn with the waiting crowd in front of a candy shop, and sometimes sol- diers in uniform were among them.— Oscar King Davii, in Physical Cul- ure, —— Subscribe for the “Watchman.” man as a cultivator, it is | which press dispatches report merch- hard to wreck a countryside by human | ant ships as successfully dodging Ger- agencies so that it is incapable of pro- | man torpedoes, says the statement, duction. Hence we should not be sur- , suggests to the technically trained prised that the dismal prophets who mind that the German torpedo is de- foretold that the ruined agricultural | teriorating in speed and hence.in ac- ! their own eyes the evidence of their ! Torpedo Supply Getting Scarce. There is reason to believe that the The increasing frequency with curacy of fire at long range. At the outset, the statement contin- ues, the Germans were extremely careful to conserve their torpedoes. Merchant ships were sunk by gunfire wherever possible. But the arming of merchant ships and the constant im- provement in the allies’ system of de- fense against submarine attack has driven the submarines under water and they are row forced to use torpe- does in almost every attack. The in- crease in the number of submarines has further added to the strain upon the German stock of torpedoes. An analysis of reports on subma- rine attacks now indicates that this unprecedented expenditure of torpe- does is beginning to tell upon the ef- fectiveness of the U-boat warfare. The Germans are pressing their sub- marine campaign with all possible vigor and the number of attacks on mercnant ships appears to be increas- ing. Also the zone of submarine op- erations is constantly widening. Yet this increased fury with which the U- boat warfare is being waged has fail- ed to increase the number of merchant ships sunk. The Germans apparently are being forcad to constantly greater efforts to maintain their average of sinkings and even so are slipping back slightly. ; The explanation of this offered by certain naval experts is that the Ger- mans are being so pressed for time in the construction of torpedoes that they can no longer maintain their speed and their accuracy of fire. It is esti- mated that the German torpedo has lost nearly ten knots in speed from the standard torpedo used at the outset of the war. It takes normally six months to con- struct a torpedo and costs thousands of dollars. There is also a chance of Germany running short in some mate- rial essental in their manufacture. Whether this has occurred is not known, but the conclusion has been reached that the individual torpedo is losing in efficiency. The U-boat warfare as now being waged, it is said, was undoubtedly not thought out and prepared for by Ger- many before the war. Therefore the stock of torpedoes was not sufficient for the purpose. The deficiency has been made up by increasing the out- put of terpedoes. But with the tre- mendcus land operations she has es- sayed, Germany could not have de- voted a maximum of her labcr or ma- terials to the making of torpedoes. Had she done this it is not doubled she could have kept up the supply. But sacrifices in the torpedo supply were made to satisfy the folly of the crown prince at Verdun. | Naval experts are rightly continu- | ing to stress the vital importance of | atempting to destroy the power of the submarine by some new develop- ment in naval strategy. No degree of deterioration in the effectiveness of German torpedo attack would lessen these efforts at effective warfare! against the submarines. Yet the in- terest of naval experts has been at- tracted by this recent record of per- formance of the German torpedoes. They are wondering whether Germany can stand much longer the strain of i staggering expenditure of torpe- oes. Large Crop Gains. A $350,000,000 crop from vacant lots and home gardens is the way the people of the United States respond- ed to the early spring call of the na- tional emergency food garden com- mission for food F. O. B. the kitchen door, according to the nation-wide sur- vey announcement by Charles Lath- rop Pack, the president. “According to our figures,” said Mr. Pack, “there are more than three times as many gardens in the United States this summer as compared with a year ago, the estimated gain being 222 per cent. This increase repre- sents a gain of 1,175,000 acres, ac- cording to the best figures avaliable. “Middle western States lead all oth- er sections with an average increase in gardens of 295 per cent. New Eng- land is second with a gain of 275 per cert. The eastern States show an in- crease of 250 per cent. while the south Atlantic group show 235 per cent. South central States increased their gardens 200 per cent. Five points separate the lake States and the Pa- cific coast States, the former showing an increase of 190 per cent. and the others 185 per cent. but there are only three States in the Pacific group. The Rocky mountain States made a great showing with an increase of 135 per cent.”—Reformatory Record. ——After all, it seems, the impor- tant thing is to be ready to do one’s duty when the call comes for action. When the people of Belgium were without bread, and no one in all the stricken country seemed to know how to make use of the corn meal which had been provided, it is related that a negro from the United States, who had wandered in some unexplained way into Belgium, volunteered to as- sist one of Herbert C. Hoover's aids in teaching the people to make corn bread and corn pone. Thousands of rations were issued daily, and, in a few weeks, such food was everywhere popular. The negro’s name was Washington Smith, but he was not a hero because of that fact. His chief claim to distinction is that he was ready to “do his bit,” and did it. That, in the end, is the real mark of the he- ro, in all walks of life.—The Monitor. Innuendo. “I took first prize at the dog show,” remarked Flubdub. “What were you entered as?” in- quired Wombat with an irritating smirk.—Kansas City Journal. “Poultry Note. “She made a goose of herself.” “How ?” “Trying to act like a chicken.”— Boston Transcript. FAKING FILMS IN BZLGIUM Germans Take Pictures Showing Sol- diers Distributing Bread Among Hungry Populace. That seeing is not necessarily believ- ing, where a motion picture camera is employed for purposes of influencing public opinion, is shown by an article in the Princeton Alumni, describing a visit to a Belgian village, occupied by German troops. The eorrespondent writes: In the middle of the scene was a little line of ragged Belgian men, wom- en and children. They had been gath- ered from the nearby streets. They seemed much frightened. Appeared a dozen underofficers and privates car- rving loaves of bread. These they thrust into the hands of the people in the line, while in a corner the clicking camera recorded the touching scene, to be shown in Germany and Austria and in neutral countries throughout the world, of “Kind-Hearted Prussians Feeding the Belgian Populace.” That was what the camera showed. But what it did not show were the fields of Kansas and Manitoba, or the ships of the American commission that had brought the wheat that had been converted into the flour from which those loaves were made, or the Amer- ican dollar sign indicating who had paid for the loaves, or even the Bel- gian agents to whom the distribution was the morning and evening work. That day these agents had been thrust aside and their bread taken from them. “On this occasion,” they were told, “our soldiers will perform your task. You can leave the loaves,and go home.” I thought I had a story to tell. I was disappointed when my de- scription fell rather flat. ‘We have heard all about it before,” men in- formed me. “That comedy is being staged from time to time all over Bel- gium. We don’t mind their taking pic- tures, but we wish they would leave our bread alone.” TO THWART THE PICKPOCKET Safety Chain Which Will Anchor Wal let Safely to Its Owner Is New Invention. From sad experience, many a mar has learned that placing his wallet ic even an inside pocket will not preven’ it from being stolen. But if the wal let is attached to the safety chain de scribed in the Popular Science Month: ly, a pickpocket could not remove ii without taking the coat along, too! A fine steel chain connects the wal let with the coat pocket. When yot pocket your wallet, this chain is wound up on a spring-revolved drum in a very thin casing which is sewed to the bot: tom of the pocket. The chain, whick has its free end secured to your pocket book, is about a foot long, so that you can draw it out conveniently. Should a pickpocket attempt to rob you, the tug on the chain would betray him. Japan Raising Medicinal Herbs. Prices of all medicines have in creased to such a degree in Japan since the outbreak of the war that the Japanese Medical Investigation association has undertaken, with the aid of the department of home af- fairs, to stimulate the growth of medicinal herbs of all kinds, and at the same time to prevent the expor: tation of all medicines from the coun- try. The Hochi of Tokyo regrets that Japan still has to import medicinal herbs to manufacture its medicines. Many varieties of these herbs are cul- tivated in Japan, but the government has not especially encouraged the in- dustry. An experimental station was established in Tokyo about 1883, many of the plants being brought from Ger- many, but the station was abandoned in 1889. The Hochi argues that Japan can and should produce most of her own medicines. Dogs as Cart Drawers. The useful work performed by dogs in France reminds us that within liv- ing memory dogs were employed to draw carts in England for pleasure as well as for the conveyance of fish. In the first half of the nineteenth cen- tury they were largely used by work- ingmen and the humbler members of “the fancy” for Sunday outings, says the London Chronicle. The dogs employed were sturdy an- imals of a mongrel character, general ly with a strain of the old English bull mastiff. Twenty miles in and out was nothing to them, and while on these excursions they were sparingly fed on bread soaked in a little beer, which is said to have been a sustaining diet. Laurel as National Flower. England is fighting now with the rose as her national flower. The Unit- ed States has no national flower, rec- ognized as such, but the mountain lau- rel comes nearer to being the right candidate for the honor than any other bloom particularly characteristic of the United States. The mountain laurel is not found in other lands. It is hardy, perma- nent, beautiful and widespread in its distribution. The great artist, Henry Turner Bailey, finds in it all the sym- bolism necessary to make it Uncle Sam’s flower. Why Ships Float. Steel ships differ from those of wood in that their hulls are made of steel plates riveted together, instead of the old method of using wooden planking They are enabled to float because, be ing hollow, they have what is callec buoyancy. A steel ship displaces a vol ume of water equal in weight to its own. The principle of buoyancy may be tested by floating an iron pail in & bathtub full of water. It Will Pay You AND PAY YOU BIG To buy your next Summer's Suit or your next Winter's Suit NOW. No promises but facts that you can see for yourself. Investigate You will see what we tell you is ab- solutely true. FAUBLE'S. Allegheny St. BELLEFONTE, PA. 58-4 LYON ®& COMPANY. AUGUST Clearance Sale Of all Summer Dress Fabrics. Great Bargains in Every Department. Lawn and Voiles for 10c. Con- tinuation of our Under-muslin Sale of low neck and short sleeve gowns from 48 cents up. Muslin Drawers from 23 cents up. A Closing Out Sale of all discon- tinued numbers of Royal Worces- ter and Bon Ton Corsets at less than cost to manufacture. Other bargains too numerous to mention in our limited space. SHOES.—AIll Summer Shoes for Men, Women and Children in black, phite and tan. Low and high shoes at sacrifice prices. Visit our store during the month of August and see for yourself the wonderful things we offer at ‘greatly reduced prices. Lyon & Co. ..- Bellefonte.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers