~~ Thbbbbbinie O-e- Registration Day Recalled Riots Caused by Unfair Draft In Civil War Act of 1917 Democratic In the Extreme, While That of 1863 Was Undemocratic — Could Buy Exemption For $300. Sedetedetotetoietoleoirniieeeioie go O00 HE conscription is in full opera- tion. Approximately 10,000,000 men between the ages of twenty- one and thirty-one have tered, and from this number Uncle Sam will take his first army of 625,000 for active duty in France. Everybody happened on that momentous day, Tuesday, June 5, 1917. There is no need to repeat the story of what oc- curred then. In great contrast with the actions of the citizens in 1917 we read of the terrible draft riots that occurred in New York city and, to a lesser extent, in other cities of the United States in 1863. The draft of 1917 was essentially democratic. Exemption cannot be bought. It must be for cause. The draft of 1863, besides being so been regis- | i inopportune time. is familiar with what conducted as to suggest a blind lottery with life, the names coming out of a wheel like prizes of fate, was undem- ocratic. for money. One whose namé was Exemption could be bought : drawn had either to go to the front or . pay $300 in money. This was what really caused the violent protest, says ! k and representatives of the press. the New York Tribune. The riots of 1863 took New York un- ; aware. o'clock in the morning a pistol shot cracked at Forty-sixth street and Third avenue. That shot was the signal for a reign of terror which for five days filled the streets with howling mobs. The man it killed was the first of hundreds who fell in the ensuing col- lisions between rioters on one side and police and soldiers on the other. On July 13, 1863, at 10:30 . 0 At Least 400 Persons, Maybe 1,000, Were Killed In New York While City Remained at Mercy of Mob For Five Days. 000i sferfeinfofoiuinfofofofofofoioil eo ote s¥e s¥e ote s¥e se se oe s¥e ste ote s¥e be ote oe ste ote oe oF oe ote ote ote. A A I RR EES RR RRR EE 3 the only defense of the city was its police force of about 2,000 men. For what was heaped on the officials in charge i low’s men extinguished the flames be- followed bitter criticism ! of the draft for the sudden manner in i which it was put into operation at an ! No notification of when the draft would begin was given, it is alleged, to General Wool, in com- | department; to Mayor George Opdyke, to Governor Horatio Saymour or to the police department. The drawing of names was begun most unexpected- ly by Provest Marshal Jenkins in what was then the Twenty-second ward, Ninth congressional district. Mob In Ugly Mood. Before the drawing of names was re- sumed at 677 Third avenue at 10 o'clock Mcnday morning the spirit of mob resistance had already developed far. There was an ugly tone to the murmurings of the crowd that gath- | ered outside the provost marshal’s of- | fice. There were few in the office when mand of the military of the New York A glowed with x $ ! buildings and the night echoed with New York Tribune eccurred. The mob | gathered quickly in Printing House square, in spite of the spasmodic ef- | forts of handfuls of police to disperse it. The attack began with the hurling of stones through the Tribune's win- dows. Then, with a sudden rush, the mob invaded the counting room on the ground floor, put to flight the single clerk in charge and proceeded to sack the place. Their work, as usual, cul- minated with the kindling of flames. The mob had barely finished its work and the fire had not yet gained great headway when police re-enforcements rushed up Nassau street, under Cap- tains Warlew and Thorne. While part of the officers beat back the mob from the Tribune building Captain War- fore great damage had been done. But not until scores of heads had been cracked did the crowd retreat before the officers’ onslaught. Monday night was one of terror throughout the city. Marauding bands held undisputed sway, while the sky the glare of burning | the reports cf firearms. Colonel O’Erien’s Home Looted. The mobs resumed their work early | Tuesday. Learning that Colonel H. 7. O’Brien of the Eleventh New York vol- | unteers was co-operating actively in | the plans to put down the riot, a mob marched to his house on Second ave- nue, between Thirty-fourth and Thirty- | fifth streets, and sacked and looted it. the drawing began aside from the pro- | vost marshal, his clerks and assistants IFor half an hour the wheel spun quietly. About seventy-five names had been added to the list, when suddenly there came the report of a pistol, the sound | that marked the bezinning of the five | days’ reiga of disorder. As il at a sig- i nal a shower of bricks and stones de- New | York was in the throes of the draft | riots of 1863. ernment and compulsory military serv- ice, the circulation of inflammatory handbills urging resistance to the draft, the organization of societies to oppose it, activities of radicals inciting volence—all these were part of the op- ' position to conscription in 1863. Men | of influence and recognized integrity lent their sympathy and aid to the anti- draft movement, though not to the law- lessness attending it. oped suddenly. The drawing of names was started unexpectedly on the morn- ing of Saturday, July 11. There had been little preparation, aside from the preliminary enrollment some time be- fore. Up to the morning of the draft the murmurings of complaint had been pitched in a key too low to alarm the authorities. Even on the first day of the drawing a certain apathy seemed to hover over the throng that had as- The crisis devel- sembled in a little office room at 677 Third avenue to witness the lottery. The Draft Wheel. low wheel, with a crank by which it might be turned. Into this boxlike re- scended on the marshal’s cffice. secoild every window had been smasi- ed and the room was filled with flying missiles. The mob then charged the office. The clerks carried the wheel to the top floor of the brick building, the dwellings. Hiding it in a corner, they escaped from the building, as fire Start- | qq fired into the ranks of the mob by ed by the mob in the office below began to eat its way upward. fence in the rear of the building, Pro- vost Marshal Jenkins sought safety in an adjoining house, where he lay in hiding while the mob howled for his life. For two hours and a half the mob held sway in the blocks about Forty- sixth street and Third avenue. Hand- fuls of police sent against them proved powerless. Superintendent Kennedy, in charge of the police force, ventured among the crowd in citizen’s clothes during the first stages of the riot. nized and set upon by a score of men. Fleeing for his life, he was pursted for blocks, finally intercepted by an- other band and beaten into insensibil- ity. At 1 o'clock, after three buildings | had been burned, six families rendered | homeless and the entire block endan- On a raised platform at one end of | the room had been placed a great, hol. | ceptacle had been put thousands of lit- | tle rolls of paper, each of which bore a name. At the appointed hour of 10 Charles H. Carpenter, a clerk, bare armed and blindfolded, took his place beside the wheel. He was to draw the names. Another clerk stood at the wheel to turn it. Four times the wheel whirled around. The crowd was very still. Even the rustle of the many bits of paper in the big hollow box might be distinctly heard. The wheel stopped and the clerk drew back a sliding panel. Into the wheel went Carpenter's bare arin, and out it came with a tiny bit of pa- per clutched in his fingers. Charles I. Jenkins, provest marshal, took the pa- per from his hand and opened it. Iu a voice that vibrated tensely in tho stillness he read the name: “William Jones, Forty-sixth street. near Tenth avenue.” There was a stir in the crowd, a sound like a great sigh of relief from ‘a hundred lips. Then came the reac- tion. Some one laughed. A man’s gruff voice muttered, “Poor Jones!” in a tone half pitying, half sarcastic. The mood of the crowd changed to one of ironic merriment. “How are you, Jones?” “Good for you, Jones!” “First blood for Bill Jones! next!” Crowd Comments Bitterly. Into the wheel again went the bare arm of Carpenter, and out it came with the bit of paper. All morning and far into the afternoon the work kept up, while the crowd looked on, with bitter comment, sarcastic bantering, but no show of violence. When at last the drawing closed for the day 1,236 names had been placed upon the list of drafted men. It was during the following day, Sunday, that the spirit of the mob was born. The morning newspapers car- ried the complete list of those whe had been drafted. All day little knots of angry men gathered on street corners, in alleyways or about the doors of their homes, protesting loudly and bit- terly against the conscription or mut- tering among themselves. The city was ill prepared for trouble. Only a short time: before its forts and arsenals had been stripped ef their gar- risons, and nearly every soldier in the state, both volunteer and regular, had been rushed into Pennsylvania at Pres- ident Lincoln’s order to re-enforce the army of General Meade. Practically Smith's gered, a sudden whimsy of the mob caused it to rush away down Third avenue. This gave the fire department its first opportunity to check the spreading flames. Hand to Hand Battle. At Thirty-fourth street and Third avenue the mob came face to face with a detachment of the provost guard on their way to the scene of the original riot. A hand to hand battle followed up to Forty-fourth street. When at last the showers of stones, bricks and clubs descending on the guard began to deplete its ranks Lieutenant Reed gave the order to fire. Instantly the mob rushed the guard, overpowered them and took away their guns. Dis- armed, the handful of soldiers fled, pursued by the mob as far as Twéh- tieth street. For the rest of the day the mob ruied the city, with little resistance. Spasmodic efforts of the police to check the riot resulted in frequent com- bats, in which both rioters and officers were killed or injured. Boards bear- ing the newly painted words “No Draft!” were the banners under which the mobs marched the city’s streets. House after house, the homes of draft officials, Abolitionists and others who had incurred the enmity of the mob, was sacked and burned. Stores were looted and the streets piled high with plunder waiting to be carried off. Tel- egraph poles were cut down and piled across the tracks of the Third Avenue railway, which ceased to run early in the afternoon, as did the omnibuses. Negro Asylum Burned. One of the atrocious acts of the mob came at 5 o'clock on Monday after- noon, when it descended upon the Col- ored Orphan asylum, on Fifth avenue, near Iorty-sixth street, intent upon in- flicting reprisals upon the negro chil- dren. The children were removed to a ‘place of safety before the mob arriv- ed. The asylum building was burned. Next the mob turned its attention to the downtown district of the city. Their first stop was at the building at Twenty-ninth street and Broadway, where the enrolment for draft had taken place. The lower part of the building was occupied by a large jewel- ry store. Within five minutes after the arrival of the mob not an article of value was left in the place, while diamonds and rubies gleamed in the light of flaring torches in the street as the looters examined their prizes. A few moments later the building was in flames. It was at 8 o'clock that night that the historic attack on the office of the He was recog- ! In one Speeches denunciatory of the gov- | upper floors of which were used as | As they were finishing their work 300 policemen, under inspector Carpenter, charged the mob. emptying their re- volvers as they advanced. After a few moments cf battia the rioters fled, tak- ing refuge in nearby houses and on roofs, from which they stoned the po- lice. i While the battle was still under way | Colonel O'Brien appeared with a de- | tachment of his regiment and two field. | pieces. In spite of the re-enforcements, | however, the mob rallied and attacked again. The =oliiors fired, and in the rosuliing Lattle persons were killed and scores were wounded, many fatally. Bitter fighting ensued Tuesday after- noon about the building of the Union Steam works, at Twenty-second street and Second avenue. which was held alternately by the police and soldiers and by the rioters. Volley after volley Hoven | the soldiers, who followed their fusil- Climbing a lades several times with bayonet charges. During this battle at least a score were killed or fatally wounded, and the number of those less seriously hurt was never known. The mob sought especially to vent its bitterness against the Tribune and Horace Greeley, though no new attack was attempted on the Tribune build- ing, which was strongly guarded, a loaded howitzer being stationed at the corner of Spruce street in charge of a marine. A house in Twenty-ninth street between Eighth and Ninth ave- nues was wrecked and looted because, it was reported, “Horace Greeley boarded there.” A young man Ssus- pected of being a Tribune reporter was beaten almost to death. v | Late in the afternoon the mob suc- ceeded in wreaking its delayed venge- ance on Colonel O’Brien. As he was ; entering his home he was captured by i the crowd and literally beaten to death. Many negroes were hanged. Business in all parts of the city was suspended on Wednesday. The reign’ of terror continued, with the slaying | of more negroes, dozens of incendiary | fires and numerous bloody combats be- tween the rioters and the police and soldiery. Authorities Rout Rioters. On Thursday the situation was some- what relieved. The arrival of the Sev- enth, Sixty-fifth and Seventy-fourth regiments and a battery of the Eighth regiment gave the authorities a firmer grip on the situation, and the rioters were routed whenever they essayed fight in numbers. A battery of artillery was stationed before the Tribune office to protect it. The severest combat oc- curred Thursday at 9 p. m. at Twenty- first street and Third avenue, when thirteen rioters were killed, eighteen wounded and twenty-four taken prison- ers. In the afternoon fifteen soldiers of the Seventh regiment were killed in a battle at Twenty-ninth street and First avenue. A hiPpening on Thursday that help- ed to take the heart out of the rioters was the arrest of John Urkhardt An- drews, an a:itator who had been one of the ringleaders of the mob and had frequently harangued it, urging it on to further violence. By Friday the situation was so well ia hand that Mayor Opdyke issued a prociamation declaring the rioting end- ed and urging citizens to resume the normal course of their business. At Yeast 400 Killed. The total casualties of the week of rioting were never actually known. It was conservatively estimated that at least 400 cr 500 were killed, and some estimates ran as high as 1,000. Ac- cording to police reports, many bodies of slain rioters were hurried off and buried secretly. The death of many who subsequently succumbed to their wounds were attributed to other causes. Approximately fifty buildings were burned by the mobs. Twenty of . the rioters were indicted and tried and nineteen were convicted, receiving sen- tences aggregating nearly 100 years. Simultaneously with the rioting in New York there were similar disturb- guces in Boston, Jersey City, Troy and Jamaica, although none approached in seriousness the troubles in the metropo- lis. There also was forcible resistance i to the draft in several counties of Wis- consin and Pennsylvania. Sporadic out breaks in various other places ceased a=: soon as the New York riots subsided. PUT IN OCEAN TRADE. Many Coastwise Ships Available For Transatlantic Service. A number of vessels now in- the coastwise trade soon are to be added to the transatlantic service of the United States. : This was made apparent following a conference in Washington of trans- portation company representatives with the shipping board and the ad- visory board of the Council for Nation- al Defense. Many vessels, officials be- lieve, now can be removed from the coastwise trade without disturbing railway service. A newly created shipping committee of the defense council will take up measures to put the vessels to trans- porting supplies to the allies. The committee has William Denman, chair- man of the shipping board, at its head. It will work out plans in co-operation with a general railroad board named recently to co-ordinate operation of rail systems during the war. Vessels will be taken off their runs with as lit- tle dislocation to domestic commerce as possible. The shipping board is planning fur ther standardization of steel merchant ships and will call a conference of shipbuilders within a few days to dis- cuss increased shipbuilding activity. CASTORIA. CASTORIA., ANN AN ANN hank IRON ANN DARREN The Kind You Have Always ren Cry for FI etcher’s | NN NANNNNNNNN AMIE EE 5 bi 3 RR aah Bought, and which has been in use for over over 30 years, has borne the signature of sonal All Countczfcits, Imitations and has been made under his per- supervision since its infancy. Allow no one to deceive you in this. and “ Just-as-good ” are but Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health of Infants and Children—Expe What Drops and Soothing Syrups. neither Opium, Morphine nor other narcotic substance. rience against Experiment. is CASTORIA Castoria is a harmless substitute for 1 Castor Oil, Paregoric, It is pleasant. It contains Its age is its guarantee. For more than thirty years it has been in constant use for the relief of Constipation, Wind Colic and Diarrhoea; therefrom, and by regulating ; Flatulency, allaying Feverishness arising the Stomach and Bowels, aids the assimilation of Food; giving healthy 2 1d natural sleep. The Children’s Panacea—The Mother’s Friend. GENUINE CASTORIA ALways 59-20-e.0. Bears the Signature of 4 In Use For Over 30 Years The Kind You Have Always ‘Bought THE CENTAUR COMPANY. NEW YORK CITY, EVERYTHIN All the goods we advertise here are selling at prices prevailing : this time last seascu. CR. HAS NOT GONE UP IN PRICE MINCE MEAT. We are now making our MINCE MEAT and keeping it fuily up to our usual high standard; nothing cut out or cut short and are selling it at our former price of 15 Cents Per Pound. Fine Celery, Oranges, Grape Fruit, Apricots, Peaches, Prunes, Spices, Breakfast Foods, Extracts, Baking Powders, Soda, Cornstarch. The whole line of Washing Powders, Starches, Blueing and many other articles are selling at the usual prices. COFFEES, TEAS AND RICE. On our Fine Coffees at 25¢, 28c, 30c, 35¢ and 40c, there has been no change in price on quality of goods and no change in the price of TEAS. Rice has not advanced in price and can be used largely as a substitute for potatoes. All of these goods are costing us more than formerly but we are doing our best to Hold Down the Lid on high prices, hoping for a more favorable market in the near future. LET US HAVE YOUR ORDER and we will give you FINE GROCERIES at reasonable prices and give you good service. SECHLER & COMPANY, Bush House Block, - 57-1 - - - Bellefonte, Pa. “*, Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work. Shoes. Shoes. {EAGERY SHOE STORE Prices on Ladies’ Low Shoes Reduced By reason of the lateness of spring and cold weath- er, also the very high prices, the sale of Low Shoes has been very backward. I have on hand a very large stock that must be sold and sold quick. BEGINNING AT ONCE I will reduce the price on all Ladies’ $6.00 and $7.00 Low Shoes. The price will be $4.40. Your choice of any pair of $6 and $7 Low Shoes for "4.40 I will give you my personal guarantee that not one pair of these shoes offered for sale, are more than two months old, all New Spring Styles, also guar- antee that these shoes are all $6.00 and $7.00 shoes, to be sold at $4.40. If you have not purchased your needs in Low Shoes, you cannot afford to even look at the shoes sold at other stores, as the prices on these shoes are less than you can purchase cheap shoddy shoes at this price in other stores. This Sale is Absolutely For Cash. All shoes must be fitted at the store, none sent out on approval. Sale going on now and will continue until the shoes are sold. YEAGER'S, The Shoe Store for the Poor Man. Bush Arcade Bldg. 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA. A Bank Account Is the Gibraltar of the Home! If you are a man of family you must have a bank account. A BANR ACCOUNT IS THE BULWARK, THE GIBRALTAR, OF YOUR HOME It protects you in time of need. It gives you a feeling of independence. It strengthens you. It Is a Consolation to Your Wife, to Your Children THE CENTRE COUNTY BANK, 66 BELLEFONTE 4 ¥ &
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