{ Denar adn _———— Bellefonte, Pa., February 16, 1917. Department Budget Made | Up. : The budget of the Department of | Forestry for the period from June 1st, | 1917, to June 1st, 1919, made public | a few days ago, gives a completely | itemized account of the funds needed for every branch of the work to be carried on during the next two years. Following is a summarized statement of the amounts asked: Forestry | Salary, Commissioners ............ $6,000 | Salary, Deputy ........... 5,000 Salary, two clerks .......... 6,000 | Contingent expenses ........ eneenn 5,000 | Traveling expenses of Commission. 5,000 { Salaries and expenses of foresters . __ i and TANZErS ..........-- in saath! 375,000 ! Draftsmen, bookkeepers, s enogra- > PHEES, €IC eco. sirainnressensas 18,000 SUTVEYS .c:-ccvssressscsevannamsnyas , 10,000 i TODOT ..ccecsrrrrssss sopbreces oases LY 30,000 | Equipment and materials expenses. EL i Seo] taxes ....ci:ccrvascsaapeenaes 3, i Road taxes ....... oo Laila . 42,000 { Land purchase an examination ! of titles ........ eee oa 300,000 | Forest tire prevention an extine- - _ i a 185,000 | TION 1. ics se rosccnasncens 80, Forest Academy ......cceeeeeeecnes 25,000 District foresters .....cceccecevaces 15, The first three items in this state- | ment are fixed by law, as are the | amounts for school and road taxes. | Two cents per acre per year for | schools, and the same amount for | roads, is paid to the townships within | which State Forests are located. The largest single item in the budg- | et, $600,000 for land purchases and | examination of titles, is amount allowed by the act approved | April 15th, 1903. Last session only $40,000 was allowed for this purpose, | but Department officials point out the | fact that it would take just a century | and a quarter for the State to acquire | another million acres with an appro- | priation of $40,000 every two years, | provided land could be bought for the | same price as in the past. They also say that the State’s present holdings | need consolidation by the purchase of | interior and adjoining tracts, and that | other areas should be purchased by all means at the headwaters of many of our streams. If reforesting 1s to | play the part it should in the cam- paign for flood prevention, the first step undoubtedly should be the ac- quirement of the lands to be reforest- | ed, and the provision of sufficient | funds to care for them. 2 priation asked for would permit the | purchase of about 225,000 acres with- in the next two years. The State of | New York, which already owns al- | most twice as much forest land as Pennsylvania, within the past year authorized a bond issue of $10,000,000 | for the purchase of additional lands. | The amount requested for forest- | ers’ and rangers’ salaries and expens- | forester and two rangers for every 20,000 acres of State forest. rangers’ salaries now average less | than $50 per month, and the forest- | ers, who must have three years of | technical training before receiving ap- | pointment to the Forest Service, re- | ceive an average of less than $100 per ! month, the highest salary paid being $125, with no allowance for expenses. Some of the State’s chauffeurs in oth- | er departments are as well paid. The $250,000 for labor, and the $100,000 for equipment and materi- als expenses for the erection and re- pair of the buildings where foresters are compelled to live 1n the back- woods; for the growing and planting of trees on barren land; for the con- struction of forest roads, trails, and fire lanes; for the purchase of tools and equipment; and for any other le- gitimate expenses not specifically rovided for. In this connection itis noted that the State Forest nurseries are now producing more than 10,000,- 000 trees a year, and they must either be given financial support or es is just sufficient to provide for one | | yet the inhabitants of the vicinity re- The | rious care with which they were forced to curtail their production. — New Coins a Delusion and Dirt- " Catchers. “Republicans have been so used to criticising the Democratic administra- tion for economic and diplomatic blunders that criticism of more execu- tive acts probably would go unheed- ed, yet the Administration, through the Director of the Mint, 1 presume, has made a blunder in accepting the designs for the new silver coins that will last for years,” remarked George Christian, of ik Ohio, to the Washington “Post.” “The Ho quarter and half dollar, which recently made their appear- ance, are fair to look upon. They would make beautiful medals, but as coins they are greatly inferior to the old designs. In the first place, both coins are dirt collectors. They have ‘pockets’ that will collect all sorts of germs and will certainly prove that the proposed new washing machines for coins are a necessity. : «But it is from an artistic point of view that I have heard much ecriti- cism. A sculptor of national reputa- tion told me a few days ago that every artist is. supposed to know that the third feather of an eagle is al- ways the longest, yet in the eagle on the new half dollar the longest feath- er is the sixth. Any ornithologist can tell you, I presume, that this is erro- neous. The half dollar, 1 believe, was designed by Weineman, who was a pupil of Saint Gaudens. “In the case of the quarter dollar, designed by H. A. McNeil, the eagle has its wings stretched in flight, and the third feather is the longest, but the body of the bird is that of a dove and not an eagle. Moreover, it is well known that the eagle in flight carries his talons immediately under his body, ready for a spring, whereas in the quarter dollar eagle the talons are thrown back like the feet of a dove.” ——————————————— : On His Mind. The young father was rejoicing vis- ibly over the advent of his first child. Early in the morning he was proud- ly in evidence at the front gate when confronted by the iceman. “Twenty-five pounds?” iceman. “No,” enthusiastically rejoined father, “eight and three-quarters.” imo p———— queried the ——Subscribe for the WATCHMAN. GEORGE WASHINGTON AT SCHOOL. | In his early school days Washing- | ton was taught by a schoolmaster who was a bondsman, or semislave, on the plantation owned by the boy’s father. ! This bondsman was a slow, rusty old man named Hobby. | The school over which Hobby pre- sided was what was known as an “old field school,” that is, the building was in a plantation field which had been exhausted by successive tobacco crops and allowed to grow up to pines. Such a school was often started by a plant- | er for the benefit of his own children | and the other white children who | chanced to live on or near his planta- tion. It was sure to be extremely rude and little more was taught than the three R’s—“readin,” ’ritin’ and 'rithmetic.” The building was of logs. It stood on blocks about two and a half feet from the ground and the space under- neath formed a convenient rendezvous for hogs and poultry. the interior had neither plastering nor ceiling. When it stormed the teacher went outside and propped a square board against the window opening with a broken rail to exclude the rain. And | ferred to the rough structure in which he taught as “the academy.” While attending old Hobby’s schcol Washington used to form his school- mates at playtime into companies, | and with cornstalks for guns and dry gourds for drums, they paraded and marched and fought mimic battles. Washington was always the com- mander of one of the parties. No! | the exact | qoubt this taste for playing at war | us.” was in part due to the fact that his | eldest brother had served in a cam- | paign in the West Indies. Blankbooks are still preserved that | Washington used when he was attend- | ing school, and in one of these isa! code of morals and manners, consist- | ing of one hundred and ten “Rules of | Civility and Decent Behavior in Com- | pany and Conversation.” The writ- ing is round, fair and bold, the letters large like the hand that formed them | and the lines run straight and even. | These rules were probably taken | down from the lips of the teacher. They sound rather stiff now, but it was a common thing then to set such | precepts before children and Wash- ington very likely committed them to memory. They touch on things great and small, and in some instan- The appro- | ces throw a rather curious light on |cullings of war-worn the rude habits of the times. They included such advice as, | “Rowl not the Eys, wry not the] mouth. Spit not in the Fire. Be no Flatterer. Take all Admonitions thankfully. Think before you Speak. Cleanse not your teeth with the Ta- ble Cloth Napkin Fork or Knife.” Last of all is this:- “Labour to keep alive in your Breast that Little Spark of Celestial fire Called Conscience.” The character of the rules and the se- written seem to suggest on the boy’s part an effort to bring a naturally ar- dent temper under control. He was an unusual youth and even as a schoolboy was recognized by his com- panions to be a person of remarkably clear-headed fairness, so that they often referred their disputes to him as umpire and always accepted his decisions. The school book that he seems to have perused with the greatest dili- gence was the Young Man’s Compan- ion, a work that was enormously pop- ular at that time, and written, as its title page said, “in a plain and easy stile,” so a young man could master what it had to impart without the aid of a tutor. This book apparently came into Washington's possession when he was about ten. After some general instruction in reading, writ- ing and figuring there are depart- ments devoted to correspondence and the preparation of wills and deeds. Among the vest of the contents of the Young Man’s Companion, were sections that gave instruction in measuring, navigating, house build- ing, making ink and cider, planting and grafting and how to doctor and attend the sick. Planters’ sons often went to Eng- land to finish their education. Wash- ington’s father had been thus educat- ed and in due time he sent hither for this purpose his two eldest sons. George would probably have had the same advantage, but when he was eleven his father died. He then went to live with his brother Lawrence and attended a local school for a time. Still later, while at his mother’s home in Fredericksburg, he went to an ex- cellent academy. Washington left school for good in the autumn preceding his sixteenth birthday. During the final two years he had paid special attention to the study of surveying, for which he had a decided partiality.” Moreover, to make a practical application of his knowledge, he surveyed all the fields in the neighborhood of the school and entered the measurements with for- mality and precision in his notebooks, as if his figures had to do with im- portant land transactions instead of being mere school exercises. It seem- ed to be his habit from his earliest years to leave nothing half done or done in a hurried and slovenly man- a farm that thousands of railroad passengers see every day is the pos- sibility that some of them will fancy and want to buy it. If statistics on the subject could be had it would be astonishing that so many sales come this way. Well, the farmer who plas- | ters his land over with circus paper and patent medicine propaganda is in effect saying: «+ can’t make this land pay—just farming it.” ” SCIENTISTS DISCUSS IMMIGRA- TION. ° At the sixty-ninth annual convoca- tion of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in ses- sion late last year in New York, many of the problems facing the United States consequent to the war in Eu- rope were discussed. Of particular timely interest was the strong plea of Professor Robert De C. Ward, of Harvard, for post-bellum restrictions on immigration. The lecturer doubt- ed whether it would be to the advan- tage even of the nations now at war to encourage migrations to this coun- try. Are we likely thereby to hasten or retard the coming of political and social reforms in Armenia, Syria, Hungary, Poland and Turkey? Ans- wering his own question, Professor Ward stated his belief to be that “our duty as Americans, interested in the world-wide progress of education, of religious liberty, of democratic insti- tutions, is to help the discontented millions of Europe and Asia to stay in their own countries and to work out there, and for themselves, what our forefathers worked out here for This is taking a novel point of view on the immigration question; and it presents our duty to enlighten the world in an aspect which is worthy of consideration. With regard to selec- tive exclusion of immigrants Profess- or Ward was concerned about the physical and moral stamina of the future Americans, unless greater care be taken in weeding out the unfit. He fears that the more subtle and less easily detected disease rampant in great armies in war time and the mental breakdowns among soldiers at the front will make the problem of health inspection more serious. Great numbers of men, though not visibly afflicted by any disease; will be phys- ically enfeebled and mentally unsta- ble, as the result of exposure and psychological shock. And it is the populations which are likely to be sent over the ocean. The sound and fit will be re- tained at home by every conceivable governmental effort. Against the inroads of such immi- grants, crippled in body and mind, the existing laws offer no protection. Neither would the proposed literacy test be of the slightest value. Among the weaklings there would, probably, be included a larger proportion of individuals capable of reading and writing than among the stronger men, who have proved able to resist the debilitating influences of living for three years under war conditions. Professor Ward’s paper has the mer- it, at least, of directing thoughts to unconsidered phases of the immigra- tion problem. New Game Code is Introduced. Harrisburg, Feb. 14.—With the in- troduction in the House last week of the new game code by Representative Milliron, of Armstrong county, the bill appropriating the hunters’ license funds to the protection and propaga- tion of game, introduced by Repre- sentative Richard Powell in the House; the new bounty bill introduc- ed by Senator C. A. Snyder, and the new non-resident hunters’ license bill introduced by Senator T. Larry Eyre, the program of legislation regarding game, as contemplated by the Game Commission, is fairly complete. These bills have not been submitted as yet to the representatives of the allied sportsmen’s organizations of the State in their present form, but will be so submitted in the very near future, and in the meantime the Wild Life League of Pennsylvania is tak- ing care that they do not escape from committees. The new game code is the most im- portant of the measures as yet intro- duced, and its purpose is rather to codify existing laws than to make any radical changes. It does make many changes in the seasons and bag limits. In regard to seasons the code provides the following seasons for game birds and animals: OPEN SEASON. Wild Turkey—November 10 to Novem- ber 25. Ruffed grouse, English, ringneck or Mongolian pheasant, Virginia or Hunga- rian quail, gray, black or fox , squirrel, woodcock, wild rabbits and hares—Octo- ber 15 to November 25. Raccoon—September 1 to December 31. Bear—October 15 to December 15. Male deer (with antler extending two inches above the hair)—December 1 to De- cember 15. Upland or grass plover and blackbirds— August 1 to November 25. Snipe, rails, coots, mudhens, reedbirds, sandpipers, tattlers, curlew and shore birds—September 1 to November 25. Wild water fowl—September 1 to Jan- uary 31. The bag limits as provided by the new code, are: Daily Season Ruffed grouse, commonly ealled ner, and all his boyhood manuscripts are remarkable for the care with which they were kept and the neat- ness and uniformity of the handwrit- ing.—Sunday Magazine. Swat the Billboard. “Farm and Fireside,” in an editori- al, protests against disfiguring the country by leasing billboard rights to railroads. It says: “Why in the world will farmers lease to advertising concerns the right to erect lines of billboards along rail- road rights of way? It is one of the most excuseless and unprofitable dis- figurements of the country. It breaks up the tilling plan of the field, and it leaves a bad taste in the mouth of the railroad travelers. “The farmer who lets his barn be used as a signboard for pills, in con- sideration of having bad paint put on it, advertises himself as thriftless. The man who cuts into a good field in order to get a few dollars from a liver cure or a blend of booze is los- ing sure money to get what he fool- ishly regards as easy money. “One of the advantages of owning pleasant..........ooeeeee 20 Wild turkey oll 1 Deer ....... «x 1 Bear ...iicsesereneers 1 1 Quail (Virginia partridge)....... 8 20 Squirrels (gray, or fox com- bined) ....c.cevveeceernsecisans 6 20 Hungarian quail and English ring- neck or Mongolian pheasants.. 4 10 RABBIS cre vasnasiscensnin 8 40 Hares The code gives permission to any property owner to kill a bear actually doing damage to live stock, person or property, and authorizes the Game Commission to remove any deer, bear, elk or rabbits that may be destroying property. Discouraged. Said a man who was sick, Mr. Proctor, “If 1 don’t very shortly get better The calls of this fancy-priced Dr. Will make me forever his Dr.” —Boston Transcript. "The Reason. “Why are Indians more stoical in the face of death than white men?” “That’s easy. Indians are accus- tomed to dyeing.”—Baltimore Amer- ican. | HOW INVISIBLE. Painting Soldiers Out of Sight. If a regiment of soldiers were to march through the streets of one of our cities in a uniform of checker- board pattern, arranged in squares of bright red, green and yellow, it would create, to say the least, a pop- ular sensation. Yet it is by no means certain that this style of costume, or something like it, may not be adopted by our fighting men in the next war—not, be it understood, that they may strike the eye; but, on the contrary, that One of the oddest of the new de- partures of the present war is the ‘utilization of optical illusions for cheating the ever-watchful eyes of the enemy, and in this line the most curious expedient is that of painting things out of sight. ple, an effort is made to render the of the primary colors over the weap- ons and their carriages. Our own War Department has re- cently been making experiments of the same kind, the great guns of the sea coast forts, and their concrete emplacements as well, being painted red, yellow, green and blue in the same way. means they are rendered much less distinct as targets. The guns and the gun carriages of our field artillery have likewise been experimentally painted in stripes of green, yellow and red; and, thus chromatically adorned, they are found to be actually invisible-at a distance of only 1,000 yards. The expedient in question, in the European war, has had its most im- portant usefulness in making guns less visible to enemy aviators flying overhead—an all important aim in up-to-date artillery work being to pre- vent the foe from ascertaining the lo- cation of batteries. A battery once located may be destroyed by concen- trated gunfire. The daubs of colors confuse the eye of the observer in the aeroplane. Such a method, however, is very crude. It represents only a first at- tempt in the development of a new idea which is destined later on to be applied in a scientific way, in accord- ance with certain well-known princi- ples of optics. The daubs of paint con- fuse the eye, but if the colors were properly employed they would make the guns actually invisible. Daylight, of course, is made up of all the colors of the rainbow mixed together. In other words, the colors properly mingled make no color. It follows that a gun and its carriage correctly painted would have no visi- bility at all at any considerable dis- tance. Neither, for that matter, flying machines. Warplanes and military them less visible. But a grey object of no color. The only problem is so to arrange the colors that, optically, they shall mingle. This cannot be properly ac- complished by a mere scattering of daubs of paint. The thing has to be done on scientific principles. Whether it would be better to adopt for the purpose a checkerboard pattern or a series of horizontal, vertical or wavy parallel, narrow stripes remains to be determined by experiment. Probably any of these arrange- ments would serve the purpose. The corresponding in effect to a rainbow. The colors of a rainbow mixed togeth- er make no color. So, in like manner, the colors applied with paint in the manner described would so mingle to distance that the object (gun, aero- plane or what not) would be invisible. One naturally asks: How might this idea be utilized to lend invisibili- ty to ships? Our Navy Department is even now experimenting with that. 1t is trying color-daubs on torpedo- boats and submarines, and with some success, the craft being thereby made much less distinct as targets. But the method is crude; it calls for develop- ment along the scientific lines above suggested. The sea is blue. The sea is green. The sea is of varying tints, according to the color of the sky, which it re- flects with its own modifications. But, generally speaking, the color of the sea is a mixture of violet and green; and it is urged by one theorist on the subject that ships could be made at least relatively invisible by painting them with a checkerboard or other pattern of these two colors. Warships nowadays, to render them as little conspicuous as possible, are painted grey; so, likewise, are guns and military automobiles. The Ger- man soldier is uniformed in “mist- grey.” But grey means obscurity, not invisibility. To obtain the latter the armies and navies of the future may have to resort to the most bril- liant color patterns for the conceal- ment of the fighting man and the fighting machine from hostile view. Graduation Fees Reduced by State College Trustees. With living costs soaring on every side the trustees of the Pennsylvania State College have cut the expense of higher education. Announcement was made recently that graduation fees at State College have been marked down from $6.50 to $4.00 for each student. The reduction will go into effect next June, when the class of 1917 will re- ceive diplomas. Because of the con- stantly increasing size of the graduat- ing classes, the trustees found it pos- sible to make the change. His Achievement. “Who is this General Mackensen, anyway ?”’ “He's the man who is putting the ‘rue’ in Rumania.”—Baltimore Amer- ican. ——If you find it in the “Watch- man” it’s true. they may not be seen at all. Thus, for exam- big guns invisible by scattering daubs It is found that by this | result would be a chromatic scheme | the eye of an observer at a moderate ! OUR ARMY CAN 3E MADE | 1 | i i | i i | | | | | | | would an aeroplane flying overhead. | We may have before long invisible | balloons | nowadays are painted light grey, to ! harmonize with the sky and render | in the sky can be seen; if of no color | it cannot be seen, because daylight is | WE SELL ONLY Honest Clothing No matter how little the price we guarantee satis- faction OR MONEY BACK and the Fauble Stores al- ways do just what they promise. FAUBLE’S. Allegheny St. BELLEFONTE, PA. 58-4 LYON @ COMPANY. SILK SALE We have just received a large line of the newestiand latest styles in fancy Silks, Mes- salines, Taffetas, Gros de Londres, Pongees and Rajahs. The latest stripes and plaids in the new shades of tan and combinations for sport suits. Silk Chiffons, Georgettes, Wash Satins and Striped Tub Silks. New Tapestry and Curtain Materials. Our line of new Scrim Marquisettes and Voiles for Curtains are very attractive. This season we have added a very large line of heavy Tapestry for over draperies or re-cov- ering furniture. Cretonnes to match all dif- ferent color schemes. Reduction Sale of all Winter Goods. Coats, Suits and Furs, at still greater re- ductions. These goods must all be sold now. COATS AND SUITS Our new Spring line of Coats and Suits are here for your inspection. All the newest and most up-to-date styles and fabrics at prices that are sure to attract you. Lyon & Co. -- Bellefonte.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers