RS wi RRR RE RE RE RE RR ERS RE SRE ISITE A ¥% Health and Happi % Health an ppiness Pais Under these head lines will be contin- ued a series of articles begun November 10. They have been compiled and edit- ed with a view to progressive study and thought on subjects affecting our person- i al well-being. Number 11. Hygiene of the Mouth—How to Help Prevent Decay of the Teeth. E. B. M. z—Keep your hands and finger nails clean. —Always wash your hands before eating or handling food. —Keep your fingers out of your mouth; also money, pencils and everything else except what belongs there. Has it ever occurred to those who have the pernicious habit of holding money between their teeth, through how many unclean hands it may have passed before reaching them? By washing, it is not meant that the hands are sterile, as sterilization is accomplished only by means of dis- infectants or antiseptics, but, in gen- eral, the cleaner the hands, or the less dirt, the less the probability of harmful bacteria. The reasons for keeping the hands clean are so obvious it seems scarcely necessary to state them. For em- phasis, however— Dogs and cats have tape worms, the eggs of which are on their fur. In caressing these domestic pets, it is easily possible to get the eggs on the hands and thence into the mouth. Ninety per cent. of the inhabitants of Iceland have tape worms from living with their dogs. The “bowel” worm of children comes from dirty hands, handling decayed fruit. It is not out of place to here re- peat the caution against eating raw or partly cooked beef and pork as, from the former, comes the beef tape worm, from the latter, the pork tape worm. Tubercle bacilli have survived in the centre of a rolled-roast not thor- oughly cooked. They were doubtless on the hands of the person handling the meat and in the rolling were turned to the centre, the heat being insufficient to destroy them. CARE OF THE TEETH. in the making of health is of para- mount importance for the following reasons: First, the foundation of a healthy body is proper food well digested; the first step in digestion is mastication and mastication depends upon the | teeth. Second, a diseased or decayed tooth, apart from the pain, impaired diges- tion, loss of sleep and consequent re- | action upon the entire system, may contain pathogenic bacteria, ready to invade the system and cause disease as soon as there is lowered resistance and easily transmitted to the mouth of others. Many tubercle bacilli have been found in the cavity of a decayed tooth. The possible relation of ab- scessed teeth to obscure diseases of the system has recently been point- ed out by research of the Nat. Dental Association. What would seem the most cogent reason is that nothing adds more to the personal appearance than fine, well kept teeth and nothing detracts more than diseased, neglected teeth. HOW TO CARE FOR THE TEETH Bacteria plus food cause decay. Remnants of food between the teeth should be removed with a quill toothpick or dental floss; use noth- ing that will scratch or injure the enamel, Brush the teeth carefully after each meal or, at least, after breakfast and before retiring for the night. In brushing, avoid bruising the gums. The brush must be kept clean as a dirty, “soggy” brush does more harm than good. Wash it thoroughly after using and as a precautionary meas- ure, dip in a mild antiseptic solution and place where it will be free from dust and dry. As it is difficult to keep the brush dry, it is best to have two; use one a few times, disinfect and put aside to dry while using the other. Do not economize in the mat- ter of a tooth brush, but discard as soon as the bristles are worn or soft- ened. Many people require a fresh brush every month. The selection of a dental cream or mouth wash is best left to the dentist. Gritty pastes and powders accelerate erosion of the teeth; acids are harm- ful. Avoid both. An acid reaction of the mouth may be determined by means of litmus paper. While preservative not germicidal, a warm solution of baking powder (soda bicarbonate) or table salt is cleansing and will aid in keeping the mouth in good condition. The main objects to be obtained in care of the teeth are thus seen to be— (1) To cleanse the mouth and teeth from food. (2) To destroy bacteria or inhibit their growth. (3) To clean the teeth without ero- sion. (4) To avoid injury to the gums. (5) To prevent an acid reaction. Do not brush the teeth over the ba- ! bathe. There is a law now forbidding it in certain places and it will doubt- less soon become universal. Every well-equipped bath room should have, in addition to the regular basin, a second, smaller one with running water over which the toilet of the mouth may be made. With a little ingenuity, at slight cost, conveniences may be provided in every household that will promote and make easy hy- gienic habits. The teeth should be examined by a dentist at least every three months, or, if the slightest trace of decay ap- pears between times, it should be at- tended to at once. Patronize only the dentist who is known to be well-qualified, for there are careless and incompetent dentists just as there are careless and incom- petent physicians and health is too precious to be lightly entrusted to the inefficient. The dentist should be a person of careful habits and should practise methods of asepsis beyond criticism. Instruments and other apparatus used in the mouth should be sterile. Disease-producing micro- organisms may be easily transferred on instruments from the mouth of one patient to that of another and it is quite possible that some of the infec- tions of the teeth are attributable to improper dental methods. It is not unusual to see a dentist gather up a number of instruments wash them under the facet and replace on the ta- ble ready for use on another victim. The tumbler, used for rinsing the mouth, and other apparatus is clean- ed in the same way. What a travesty on asepsis! The early care of the teeth cannot be too strongly urged upon parents for irreparable damage is often done before a child is old enough to, itself, care for the teeth or is taken to the dentist. It is to be deplored that many must go through life maimed, disfigured and humiliated because of this early and wholly unpardonable neglect. The formation of cavities, abscessed teeth, the necessity for artificial teeth, with their accompanying dis- orders can be prevented. It is .to be hoped the time will soon come when parents, physicians and dentists will make concerted effort to prevent these misfortunes and, when culpable, will be discredited and held properly re- sponsible for them. (The next (twelfth) article will be “Bad Teeth.’) ——Ellwood Harrar Furst is the name of the new boy who arrived in the home of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Furst last Saturday. in the series A little daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Albert Knisely on Tues- day. It has been named Mary Louise Knisely. AXE MANN. Tim Ray says teaching school is a very fine job. G. W. O’Bryan is entertaining his mother from Pine Grove Mills. Miss Helen Ray has been making some frequent trips down the pike of late. Edward Gfrerer has returned to his work at D. M. Klines, after two week’s illness. Some zero weather. Dr. Noll and Council O’Bryan says it was 52 de- grees below zero. Michael Sommers is ill with little hope of his recovery. Mrs. Andrew Kuhn is also ill and Mrs. Martin Stover was taken to the hospital in Bellefonte on Wednesday. Edgar Gfrerer and Linn Fromm walked all the way home from Mt. Eagle early Monday morning. They had gone down there Sunday evening to make some calls. You will recall that it wasn’t cold or anything like that on Monday morning. There was a surprise party at Charley Fromm’s Saturday night. A sled load of young folks from Mt. Eagle were the very welcome and jolly guests. Two very popular young men appeared with a Ford car during the evening and persuaded two of the fair ones to motor home, rather than return in the sled. On Wednesday evening of last week William Cross, son of Mr. and Mrs. Thaddeus Cross, of Spring township, took a jolly load of Spring township young people on a sled ride to Mt. Eagle where they were royally enter- tained at the home of Miss Bertha Bitner. In the party were Wilma Sayers, Bertha Bitner, Claire Thomp- son, Gertrude Leathers, Rue Leathers, Nancy McCartney, Mrs. Blair Kunes, Marchie Jodon, Adaline Jodon, Ada- line Hunter, Mary Fromm, Helen Rar, Anna Heverley, Orvilla Stover, Marie Cunningham, Vista Weaver, Bertha Weaver, Anna Eckenroth, Roy Leathers, Wilbur Bitner, Oliver Bit- ner, Lloyd McCartney, Leonard Dietz, Walter Sayers, Ralph Miller, Paul Miller, Clair Gferer, Edward Gferer, Harry Sampsel, Lyman Fromm, Timothy Rar, Ralph Markle, Nerr Weaver and William Cross. COLEVILLE. Harvey Emenheizer spent Tuesday in Snow Shoe. Mrs. Wesley Yeckley fell on the ice Wednesday and broke her arm. Mrs. Arthur Eckley, of Valley View, spent Wednesday with her sister, Mrs. William Sprankle. Mrs. Sol. Barlett, of State College, spent the greater part of the week To her daughter, Mrs. Lattimer illet. Miss Ella Crawford has been quite ill the past week with a light attack of pneumonia, but is now on the ro.d to recovery. Mr. and Mrs. Lattimer Billet are grieving over the death of their in- fant son, Miles, who died Wednesday night, of pneumonia. They have the sympathy of the community. The venerable Amos Garbrick cel- ebrated his eightieth birthday on Wednesday. Several of his soldier comrades and many relatives were there to help eat the big dinner pre- pared for this occasion. May he live to enjoy many more birthdays is the wish of his many friends. THE WAR COMES MORE OMINOUS. Will the Sinking of Another Ameri- can Ship Constitute the “Overt Act?” The sinking of the American ship Lyman M. Law, in the Mediterranean sea, on Monday,, notwithstanding the fact that she carried no contraband of war and was bound for a neutral country, is one more act that will have to be accounted for by the Cen- tral Powers. Germany denies liabili- ty and lays the blame to an Austrian submarine. So far the Austrian gov- ernment has said nothing and Presi- dent Wilson will take no action until all the facts have been received. The one mitigating fact in connection with the sinking of the ship is that no lives were lost. Aside from the sinking of the Ly- man M. Law nothing has occurred during the past week that brings us any nearer war than we were ten days ago. Ambassador Gerard and all the American consuls are now safely out of Germany and Count von Bernstorff and party left New York on Wednesday evening on their trip home, being given absolute pro- tection from the time they left Wash- ington until safely on board the ship. What will now follow remains to be seen and will depend entirely on the deliberate acts of Germany and her allied powers. American Vessel Sunk. London, Feb. 14.—The American schooner Lyman M. Law was sunk by a submarine Monday, according to a dispatch from the Stefani Agency, of Rome. The crew, including eight Americans, is reported to have been landed. The Lyman M. Law, 1300 tons gross and 211 feet long, was built in 1890 at West Haven, Conn. She was for- merly owned by the Benedict-Manson Marine company, of New Haven, Conn., which sold her a year ago to New York interests represented by the Maratime Transportation compa- ny. Her captain was S. N. McDon- ough, of Winterport, Me. The F. D. Lambert, a British steamship of 2105 tons gross, was sunk last night by a German subma- rine, according to a notice posted at Lloyd’s Shipping Agency today. Four members of the crew escaped in the port lifeboat and are believed safe. The rest of the crew were landed to- day. Two British trawlers also have been sunk and the British steamer Bayreaulx has been posted at Lloyd’s as missing. The Bayreaulx which left Cardiff October 20 last for Mon- treal, was a vessel of 3009 tons gross, 325 feet long, and built at West Har- tlepool in 1895. It is announced that the British steamer Inishowen Head has been sunk. Her crew was land- ed. While naval officers here express the belief that the submarine opera- tions may continue at high tension for a couple of months, they show the utmost confidence in the ability of the navy to cope with the latest campaign with approximately the same success as the campaign against the U-boats in 1915. An Admiralty official showed to- day the figures of arrivals and depar- tures for yesterday at English ports, proving that a larger number of ves- sels entered and departed than on any day during the past six months. Tak- ing a day at random during the peri- od since the latest war zone was de- clared, out of 140 British arrivals and departures only four vessels were sunk, and these figures, according to the official, give an excellent idea of the percentage of loss to vessels tak- ing the risks. In the English Channel, where British communications are most vi- tal, the Admiralty official says the losses have been extraordinarily small at a time when more ships than usual are being routed through the Channel. An Amsterdam dispatch to Reuter’s says that an obviously inspired ar- ticle has been published in a majority of the German papers dealing with the convoy of neutral ships through the barred zone. The article says that, convoyed or not, merchantmen in the restricted region will be expos- ed to all the possibilities of intensi- fied submarine warfare. It adds that submarines would not attack neutral war vessels acting as convoys, but that such vessels would enter the pro- hibited zone at their own risk, in view of the danger from mines. President Wilson Stands Firm. Washington, Feb. 13.—President Wilson continues firm in his attitude toward Germany. He has informed the imperial government that the United States will not discuss the submarine question in any way, shape or form so long as the present pro- gram of ruthlessness is continued. When the Kaiser and his advisors see fit to restore their Sussex pledges and recall the submarine policy open- ed February 1, then and only then will the United States parley with Ger- many. The sinking of neutral ships without warning and with the loss of life will not be countenanced if the Teuton government desires inter- course with America. The United States recognizes in the German overtures a ruse to gain time. But President Wilson, so Washington dispatches say, is not being misled. He is not, and shows that he has no intention of going back on his words as expressed to Con- gress, when he gave notice that dip- lomatic relations with Germany had been broken. : Cost of War to Germany. London, Feb. 14.—Germany’s war costs to date have reached $15,000, 000,000, says a telegram from Berlin forwarded by the Amsterdam corres- pondent of Reuter’s Telegram compa- ny. STORM CLOUD BE- Boroughs Attack P. S. C. Harrisburg, Feb. 14.—Charges that the Public Service Commission pro- tected rather than regulated public service companies were made tonight by Burgess J. Elmer Saul, of Norris- town, at the convention of represen- tatives of some 200 boroughs of the State. Saul declared that in the his- tory of the Commission never one de- cision favorable to the boroughs has been handed down. He said that it was wrong for the Commission to sur- round itself with regulations that compelled a borough to spend $15,000 to have its side of the case heard. Other speakers criticised the Serv- ice Commission, and Deputy Attorney General H. W. Davis, citing recent opinions, made a warm defense in its behalf. The convention is meeting for dis- cussion of proposed legislation for the benefit of the smaller municipalities and will ask consideration by the Gen- eral Assembly of bills to permit a greater measure of heme rule. The Third Class City Leaguers will ask the same privilege and a committee of the two organizations will meet here tomorrow. Among the propositions discussed were means to take care of unsecured debts of boroughs, for development of parks and playgrounds, bathing facil- ities and public band concerts; for smoke regulation; trees; for uniform traffic regulations; for numbering of buildings and for appropriations to libraries. Pay for councilmen was also discussed. Plans were made for meeting Leg- islators to talk over proposed bills, including removal of State tax on bonds of municipalities. Threatens All Neutral Ships. London, Feb. 13.—Germany has is- sued a warning that all periods of grace for neutral shipping in the bar- red zones have expired, according to dispatches from Amsterdam today. An official statement has been is- sued warning neutrals that hereafter all neutral ships entering the forbid- den zones do so at their own risk. It is believed that Germany will now pursue her relentless U-boat warfare to the full limit, sinking all vessels bound for England without warning and regardless of the provisions here- tofore held sacred by civilized na- tions as international law, to which Germany, in common with other great powers, is sacredly pledged. Immunity for neutral ships, it is announced, expired last night for the zone in the English channel and in the Atlantic ocean around the British Isles. Germany denies that neutral ships sunk previous to this time had not been accorded ample warning by German submarine commanders be: fore being sent to the bottom. The statement further adds that the period of grace had been extended also to enemy passenger lines, as it was thought neutral citizens may have sailed upon them prior to the announcement by Germany of the U- boat policy. Germany Cuban President to Quell Revolt. Havana, Feb. 13.—President Meno- cal has just issued a decree, author- izing a call for volunteers between the ages of 18 and 45 years to serve for a period of ninety days. It is ru- mored that the former President, Gen. Jose Miguel Gomez, has landed at Camaguey and that Lieutenant Col- onel Quinones, commander of the Camaguey forces, has revolted with all his men. Official announcement was made here today that the United States Government has offered 5,000 rifles and 5,000,000 cartridges to the Cuban Government. An encounter has oc- curred in Matanzas Province between Government troops and rebels. Ac- cording to a report received here to- day, the rebels were defeated. The rebel troops were led by Mayor Gon- zales of the town of Santo Domingo, Santo Clara Province. A police offi- cial was taken prisoner. It is reported from Manzanillo, San- tiago de Cuba Province, that the po- lice and police court officials have been arrested. Col. Miguel Lores, a veteran of the War of Independence, has been captured near Pinar del Rio. It is reported that rebels, believed to be under command of Col. Baldo- mero Acosta, Mayor of Marianno, who were attacked by rurales this morning, escaped in the direction of Canas, 40 miles from Havana. Later the rebels came in contact with army forces and fighting is reported to be now going on. Mexicans Raid American Ranch. El Paso, Texas, February 13.— Armed Mexicans crossed the border sixty miles southwest of Hachita, N. M., today and took prisoner three Mormons, a number of Mexican ranch hands and live stock, according to a telegram today from Hachita. The message was received from Bob Morehead, foreman of the Alamo Heuco ranch, saying “the corner ranch” which is on the American side of the line, was raided by the Mexi- cans. Two Mexican families were forced to accompany the bandits, it was said, in addition to the ranch hands, according to the telegram. Private advices late tonight say that three Mormons were killed and another taken prisoner. Athletics Profitable According to Re- port. Athletics have been profitable at Penn State during the past year. A financial statement issued by R. H. Smith, graduate manager, shows a gain of $3,939.45 for the year 1915-16. Football and baseball were the money-making branches of major sports. The track account shows a deficit of less than $300. The total income from all sports was $36,147.76 and the expense was $32,208.31. Of this amount football brought in $21,- 829.60 and entailed an expenditure of $17,833.63. Baseball netted a profit of more than $1,100, The athletic as- sociation has a surplus of $10,000. —For high class Job Work come to the WATCHMAN Office. ——Subscribe for the WATCHMAN. New Advertisements. — New Advertisements. WANTED.—A cook—white good character. Good wages. Mrs. Z., “Watchman” office. and of Address, 62-7 ANTED.—Man and wife for work on farm. Wages right. J. SUMNER MILLER, Penna. Furnace. 62-7-1t* QUARE PIANO FOR SALE.—Fine old square piano, mahogany case for sale cheap, ab quire at this office. 3t ANTED.—Housekeeper for family of two— father and son. Address P. C. SONES, State College, R. F. D. 62-7-1t* ANTED.—Good man to do farm work. Good wages for a suitable man. CHARLES M. ROSS, 62-6.3t Pine Grove Mills, Pa, OUNG HORSES.—I have four fine young horses. Two coming 5 and 2 coming 6. All well broken and weighing from 1200 to 1300. Will sell any two. THADDEUS CROSS 62-2-tf Bellefonte, Pa. R. F. D UERNSEY BULL CALF.—Promising looking bull calf, sire “Fearless Boy,” dam, the imported heifer. “Downington Giddy 2nd.” Will be sold with registration fees paid to first applicant. Address or phone GEO. R. MEEK, 62-2-tf Bellefonte, Pa. ETITION FOR TRANSFER OF WHOLE- SALE LICENSE.—Notice is hereby given that the Petition of John Boyce and An- drew Chambers was this day filed in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Centre county for the transfer of the wholesale license of John Boyce to Andrew Chambers, in Snow Shoe Twp. for the year 1917. D. R. FOREMAN, Clerk. 62-7-1t* February 14th, 1917. OTICE.—The annual meeting of the stock- holders of the Bellefonte Lumber com- pany will be held at the office of the company, Bellefonte, Pa., on Monday, February 19th, 1917, at ten o’clock a. m., for the election of directors for the ensuing year and to transact such other business as may properly come before such meeting. D. BUCK, Secretary. Bellefonte, Pa., February 1st, 1917. 62-5-3t DMINISTRATOR'S NOTICE.—Letters of administration having been granted to the undersigned upon the estate of Sarah A. Young, late of Bellefonte borough, deceased, all persons knowing themselves indebted to said estate are requested to make prompt payment and those having claims against the same to present them duly authenticated for settlement. Ww. H. FRY, Admr., 62-4-6t Pine Grove Mills, Pa. RAPE VINE PRUNING AND TRIMMING. —Get your grape vines trimmed by ex- pert workmen. Charges reasonable. Apply to Box 291, 61-1 tf Bellefonte, Pa. DMINISTRATOR’S NOTICE.—Letters of administration having been granted to ’ the undersigned upon the estate of Tom- azine T. Barnes, late of Bellefonte borough, de- ceased, all persons knowing themselves indebted to said estate are requested to make immediate payment, and those having claims against the same to present them duly authenticated for pay- ment. Mrs. JOHN T. HARRISON, Admr. J. KENNEDY JOHNSTON, Bellefonte, Pa. Attorney. 62-3-6t DMINISTRATOR’S NOTICE.—Letters of administration having been issued to the undersigned upon the estate of Jennie M. Tate, late of Ferguson township, deceased, all persons knowing themselves indebted to said estate are hereby requested to make prompt pay- ment, and those having claims against the same to present them duly authenticated for settle- ment. WILLIAM S. TATE, Admr.. W. G. RUNKLE, Pine Grove Mills, Pa. Attorney, Bellefonte, Pa. 62 3-6t OURT PROCLAMATION. — Whereas the Honorable Henry C. Quigley, President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the 49th Judicial Dis- trict, consisting of the County of Centre, having issued his precept, bearing date the 10th day of January, 1917, to me di- rected for holding a Court of Common Pleas, Orphans’ Court, Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace, Oyer and 'Terminer and General Jail Delivery, in Bellefonte, for the County of Centre, and to commence on the FOURTH MONDAY OF FEBRUARY, being the 26th day of February, 1917, and to continue two weeks. Notice is hereby given to the Coroner, Justices of the Peace, Alderman and Con- stables of said County of Centre, that they be then and there in their proper persons at 10 o'clock in the forenoon of the 26th, with their records, inquisitions, examinations and their remembrances te do those things which to their office apper- tains to be done, and those, who are bound in recognizances, to prosecute against the prisoners that are or shall be in the jail of Centre County, be then and thors to prosecute against them as shall be just. Given under my hand at Bellefonte, the 19th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1917, and the one hundred and forty- first year of the Independence of the United States of America. GEO. H. YARNELL, Sheriff's Office, Bellefonte, Pa., Sheriff. January 22nd, 1917. 62-4-4¢ Price $600 F. O. B. Factory Gray Davis Electric Lighting and Starting, 25 H. P., 108” Wheelbase, 32x3!4 Tires, Splitdorf Magneto, One-Man Top, Speedometer—Fully Equipped : 21 EASY PAYMENT PLANS Write for Agency—Profitable, Attractive Proposition Plan No. 1—Pay $279.75 on delivery, balance 10 months’ terms AUTO TRADING CO., INC., OF PITTSBURGH, PA. METZ DISTRIBUTORS CENTER AVENUE AT EUCLID AVENUE 62-7-1st and 3rd w-tf. A PATRIOTIC CREED WE BELIEVE in our Country—The United States of America. We believe in her constitution, her laws, her in- stitutions, and the principles for which she stands. lieve in her future—the past is secure. We be- We believe in her vast resources, her great possibilities—yes, more, her won- derful certainties. WE BELIEVE in the American people, their Genius, their brains, their brawn. integrity and dependability. We believe in their honesty, their We believe that nothing can stand in the way of their commercial advancement and.-pros- perity, AND WE BELIEVE it to be the duty of all patriotic citizens to hold to this faith and to lend their support in all proper efforts to uphold the honor of this great nation. The First National Bank, 59-1-1y BELLEFONTE. PA. ‘To the man who wants POWER in ; his car—“Come in and look at the | new SERIES 17 Studebaker Cars.” There's a 4-cylinder car at $875 with FORTY h.p.—and also a 6-cylinder model at $1085 with FIFTY h.p.— Economical, flexible power that makes each of the cars a wonder to drive. Let us show you how much POWER you can get in a Stude- baker—and how smoothly it drives. GEORGE A. BEEZER, Bellefonte, Pa.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers