Bellefonte, Pa., February 9, 1917. THE GROUND HOG. The wise old Ground Hog, x0 quick and wary, Came out the second of February. He looked around him, all ready to run, For high in the heavens he saw the bright sun; He saw his shadow cast black on the : SNOW ; Then the Ground Hog chuckled and said, “0, ho! We will have cold weather for six weeks more!” And he went in his hole and slammed the door. The mercury rose and the soft winds blew, And people rejoiced that winter was through, The ladies walked out in spring garments dressed, Two poor little sparrows began on a nest, In his hole the Ground Hog shook with laughter, As he thought of the blizzards fast follow- ing after. Then the north wind blew, oh, bitterly cold! And the people began to shiver and scold. But the Ground Hog turned in his soft warm bed, Stroked his chin whiskers and cheerfully said, “The grippe and the earache makes you complain— Perhaps you'll believe when I tell you again!” He rung off his telephone under the larch, Saying, “Don’t call me up till the middle of March!” —Selected. BELLEFONTE THE BIRTH PLACE OF BARNARD. The Sculptor Now Thought of With Phidias and Michelangelo. When a sculptor’s work brings up in the minds of the greatest art critics of the day the names of Phidias and Michelangelo, it is time to pause and consider him. Phidias was the greatest sculptor of Greece’s golden age, the architect and sculptor of the Parthenon, which was the glory of Athens and was con- structed in the time of the great Pericles. Michelangelo Buonarotti was the greatest artist of the great Italian era of the sixteenth century, who peo- pled the great city with statues that have made his fame grow in ever widening circles. The modern artist whose work has made connoisseurs of art link his name with these two is George Grey Barnard. Barnard is an American not only by birth and early education, but also in his ingrained artistic independence. His latest work, just completed and now on private view in New York, is a heroic statue of Lincoln, which will be. permanently placed in Cincinnati in the near future, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Taft. Barnard has been working on this statue to the ex- clusion of everything else for the past five years. Barnard was a son of a Presbyter- ian minister, Rev. Joseph and Maria Barnard and was born in the house now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Thomas, on east Linn St., Bellefonte, in 1863, and early showed his artistic bent. He was the only male student in his day in the then modest Chicago Art institute, which was later des- tined to be located in a palatial home by the lake, but then had modest quarters. A commission paid him well enough to make a longed-for trip to Paris. There he underwent the trials of those who are seized with a single ambition and little worldly means. But even then his reach into the heart of deep subjects, his desire for great interpretations was in evidence. He passed 16 hours a day at his work in “rebellious clay and hard stone,” as a critic states, “not so much like a galley slave as like a Titan, inspired by furious wrath.” A work done for a monument in Norway in his twentieth year shows the same inspiration as his later work. In 1886 he began to model the great statue called the “Two Natures,” which now stands just inside the en- trance of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city. This is work upon which critics have expended their keenest analytical power and al- ways in admiration. In 1894 he re- turned to America, married, and, it seemed, was to remain here. . He taught in New York and Wash- ington and at one time had 250 stu- dents. His work done at that time was especially strong in American traits. In 1903 he began a work which to him seemed then his greatest op- portunity. . It is the monumental work which now adorns the staircase at the capitol of Pennsylvania in Harris- burg. He refused other more remu- nerative commissions because this semed to him to offer greater free- dom. He wrought in Paris and com- pleted his work in 1911. His two great groups in marble were shown in the Salon and dwarfed all other produc- tions by reason of their greatness in Inspiration. He was acclaimed by the art world. He was likened to the greatest artists of = all times. In America the triumph was repeated when the groups arrived here. But even when his achievement reached its triumph, Barnard felt that he was destined te eclipse even this. He had received what to him was more than a commission. It was a “call” to which he had felt himself destined even from the earliest days of his art career. This was the commission to make a statue of Abraham Lincoln. He plunged into the task, and, now that his statue is done, he says that he “feels like one whose life aim has been accomplished.” “I began my Lincoln,” said Mr. Barnard, “on the day after the dedi- cation of my sculptures for the Pennsylvania State building. The ded- ication was on October 4, 1911. TI feit such a «ompelling eagerness to begin the new work that I hastened away to my studio, here on the heights, al- most before the words of congratula- tion of my friends in Pennsylvania died away. You see, I had long i known in a queer, subconscious way, | that it was to be my privilege to re- | create Lincoln for his people. Now { that the work is done and I may look | upon the work in retrospect, I realize | that the spirit of Lincoln had dwelt i with me and inspired me long before | the generous and splendid offer came { from Cincinnati, and made it possi- ! ble for me to devote the five best years of my time of achievement to a work which wholly absorbed all my creative and imaginative power. “It is not for me to say that any of my works are good or bad. But of my Lincoln I speak without hesitation. It is not my work. It is a truly God- sent inspiration. It has been a great and absorbing happiness, a dutiful re- sponse to ever-present suggestion be- yond my ken, that I have constantly felt in these five years during which Lincoln has grown beneath my hand. Now that the work is done I look up- on it with satisfaction, for the result of which I have been the instrument, but with deepest veneration and re- spect for the far greater power than mine which has made it.” His First Portrait. “Through all my working days I have felt that I must, before the endl, make a great portrait statue. Always that thought has been associated with the character of Lincoln and with its | symbolism for all that our free, young civilization represents. Until now, 1 have never done a portrait. My work has been in the creation of epic things. I have striven to achieve the science needed for the huge, nude, allegorical groups which have made me my artis- tic reputation. Upon those I have labored with the best that is in me. I have studied the old masters for their tricks of technique and pattern- ed my own efforts after those of my contemporaries who have been most successful. Whatever I did in the things before Lincoln was accomplish- ed was by long, earnest, studied ef- fort. My Lincoln, however, is not a calculated accomplishment. The work began of itself. I could not have helped doing it. Utterly withoutc van- ity of self, I look upon it as some- thing which is great beyond mere sculpture. It will be my only por- trait. A man who does portraits year in and year out could never attain to the spiritual which this statue has, beyond the externals. He would nec- essarily be little and realistic. There are things made by human hands which speak of mysteries unrevealel. Those are the things in which the hand has been guided by an inspira- tion which may not be defined. Ef- forts which accomplish such results come not of study and calculation. And the results are not repeated. “My mother was born in a house across the road from Lincoln’s, in Springfield. The first man except her father, who lifted her in his arms, was Lincoln. Through all my boyhood days I heard of the little, intimate things of Lincoln’s life which showed his greatness. He was the one man in history of a soul so great that it went beyond the externals, and shone even in the pettiness of every-day life. A thousand times, as I have worked upon this statue, I have thought of the time when a great crowd in front of the Cooper Union, in this city, laughed at his uncouthness, his awk- wardness, his untidy dress—and re- mained to weep and applaud his in- spired and masterful words. Influence Upon Him. “From the beginning of my work in art, the influence of Lincoln was upon me. I look back now to incidents which seem prophetic. When I was 16 I had the opportunity to show my boy- ish efforts at sculpture to Douglas Volk. He was then one of our por- traitists. I went to his studio, carry- ing my little clay models in a cigar box. I remember that I walked all the way. I was afraid that my little models might come to harm in a street car. Volk looked into my face and asked me about my aspirations. He embarrassed me by the intensity of his attention. At first I could only answer his questions in monysylla- bles. Then he placed something in my hands and asked me to tell him what I thought of it. It was the life mask of Lincoln, which he had made. Lincoln’s hair was plentifully imbed- ded in plaster. Volk told me after- ward that he had been so intent upon securing a perfect mask that he had almost ruined it and actually endan- gered Lincoln’s life, by a piece of for- getfulness. He had forgotten to grease Lincoln’s hair. It was neces- sary to cut off most of Lincoln’s hair in order to remove the plaster cast and the process was so slow that Lin- coln was half suffocated, Volk did not explain that the process was anything more than usual, and Lincoln made some humorous comment upcen the suffering and inconvenience one must suffer for sculptural fame. That First Occasion. “On the occasion when I first saw that cast. Volk left it in my hands and busied himself about the studio for half an hour before resuming con- versation with me. He showed me the wonders of Lincoln’s physiognomy, and, from that moment, and ever after, I felt the call to use my best powers, when they had developed, in making a portrait of Lincoln. Volk’s son gave me that cast and also the cast of the hands. Have you notic- ed the hands of Lincoln? There is enough in them to make a human re- ligion.” Barnard never expects to make an- other portrait. Other great men do not make the same appeal to him. The sculptor is a man of slightly less than middle height. His face is remarkable for strength and depth, especially less expressive, moving quickly to emphasize and illustrate his speech. This last is in itself quite remarkable. Had he not chosen the art he follows Barnard would perhaps have become a noted writer. His phrases are apt and graphic in the ex- treme and his language marked by deftness of expression most unusual, Then They Clinched. “Your boy licked my Johnny. You should lecture him for hitting a boy smaller than himself.” “Is that so! Well, you just go back and lecture your kid on the impru- dence of talking sassy to a boy bigger than he is.”—Boston Transcript. ima AR a lt ——Subscribe for the “Watchman”. Valentine Festivity—Lincoln, Too. Curiously enough, the holiday of | ¥ St. Valentine is now appropriated to, a group of persons who at the begin- iy ning had not the remotest association {5 with its meaning or observance,” said | John Paulson. “A holiday of love—not sanctified | to—lovers ?”” inquired Emily. ‘ XN “To lovers it was dedicated. But the | lovers were a gentle old man and troops of little lads and lassies whom he adored and who were beloved by him.” “Who?” demanded brown-eyed Al- ma, Emily’s niece, who was visiting them. One of His Good Traits. “Didn't you know that Valentine | day is named after St. Valentine of old. Valentine was a dear old man who loved children with a love so pro- found and tender that it spread through the ages. That very evening little white | notes, written on Alma’s quaint | school-girl hand, were speeding to homes in the suburbs and the city, and in near-by streets. The following morning 12 mothers were opening en- velopes in which were heart shaped cards reading thus: To thee, my little love-child dear, In this, the nineteen hundred seventeenth vear, I ask of thee thy presence here, Thy lover—Valentine—to cheer. And a little note said: “Dear——, please bring your kiddies to meet St. Valentine at my home on the after- noon of February 14, at 3 o’clock. Old folks (such as mothers) are cordially invited as audience if a child brings them along. Emily Paulson.” A Dozen Delighted Dears. On the afternoon of February 14, six little lads and six little lassies with 12 mothers, rang the bell of the Paulson home. There, at the door, came a quaint figure, with long braids crowned by a pasteboard gilt crown, with a long ruff about her neck, and a huge red heart sewn across her bodice. And on the left side of that heart was—a big arrow— plainly a love-struck maiden. She bowed very sweetly as she led the guests to take off their wraps. But in the Paulson parlor was the strangest thing. Instead of the fire- place there was a great red-and-yel- low frame (made of cardboard and crepe paper) which completely hid the space usually sacred to the fire. Hearts were strung up everywhere— hearts big and also warm—to judge by their redness. Then, a strange thing happened, that took the breath of the little guests. Out of the fireplace came an old man. He was tall and thin, and he had no beard. His hair was long and white. He wore spectacles. (He was remarkably like John Roberts, Emily’s gardener.) He wore a long black robe, like those of the scholars of the Middle ‘Ages, and he stumbled as he tried to walk in it. But his voice was true and clear. He said: “I am St. Valentine, my sweets, Come from years long dead, To play one day, And to you to say The words that shall be said.” Emily flushed and merry, sat with the “old folks” as the young played games. They were: 1. The game of hearts. A big red heart about five inches wide was plac- ed on the floor. Each child was per- mitted to leap six times over that dangerous heart. The child who jumped over the greatest number of times got the heart! There were running and leaping and tag games. There were guessing games. 2. There was the Valentine game. St. Valentine directed it. Each little guest was given a Valentine card. Children are the best actors in the world, the easiest to coach, the most ingenious in inventing “business.” The little ones were asked to act the pictures. This is often a difficult thing to accomplish, especially at the beginning of an afternoon. But after- noon’s play makes them unself-con- scious. By twos they went behind the big fireplace frame and acted the lit- tle Valentine pictures. Then came the supper. The Story of Lincoln. Later, Emily led them back into the parlor. Lo! the frame was gone, as was St. Valentine, and a great fire blazed. They all sat before the glow. And Emily told them a story of a man. She said: “He loved not only little happy children like you. He had a little sonny of his own, you see. But he loved all children, big and little, poor, rich, white and black. And he wanted them all to be happy and free. He was born in a little cabin. He was very, very poor. But he loved people so that they loved him. He wasn’t beautiful to look at, like our Valen- tine pictures here. Yet people loved him as you love your mother. And he gave up his life because he loved so well. Who was he?” And the little voices cried out: “Lincoln! Lincoln!” Emily nodded. “You know Lin- coln’s birthday comes just two days before Valentine day. Will you try to remember the two together, for- ever and forever?” And each child was given a little picture of the kindly sad face of the good President. Then they all sang songs, and with the twilight’s falling it was time for each little Valentine to be taken back to the heart of its own home.—By Elizabeth Gertrude Stern. What’s the Difference. Booth Tarkington, while in New York recently spending some of the proceds of “Seventeen,” was discus- sing the subject of debt with a play- wright friend, known for impecuni- ousness. “About $1,200 would see me clear of debt,” said the playwright. “And I tell you Tark, if I ever get out of debt once I'll never get $1,200 in the hole again. It will be $12,000 next time. No more piker games for me.” Same Here. “Is _your income sufficient to sup- ply all your needs?” “Yes; but it isn’t sufficient to sup- ply half my wants.” | { { i i | i - | the head” is still considered Health and Happiness WIENTNLNLNZ, 4 Under these head lines will be contin- >t ued a series of articles begun November 10. They have been compiled and edit- ¢ ed with a view to progressive study and ! thought on subjects affecting our person- >¢ val well-being. = Number 10. HOW TO PREVENT COLDS IN THE HEAD FROM BECOMING DANGEROUS DISEASES. (From an address by Dr. Hill Hastings of Los Angeles, at the Detroit Convention of the American Medical Association.) One of the problems that confronts | the physician is how to teach the pub- lic how to prevent, or at least help to prevent, infections of the ear, nose and throat. For example, a “cold in a trivial complaint. “Earache” is just being recognized by the public as a serious symptom, yet prompt attention is still being delayed hy the use of “laudanum drops,” and also delayed by the ignorant belief that “to cut the eardrum means destruction of hear- ing.” The mastoid absesses and deaths in every community are still not connected with the primary cause. “Spitting” is tabooed and regulated against, but “sneezing” still occupies | a polite place in the public’s .man- ners. Sputum is considered danger- ous, whereas, nasal secretions are re- garded by the public only as disagree- able. The general public largely depends on newspapers and popular medical writers for much information about the care of the body, vet peopl> in general are not aware of the serious- ness of “colds,” nor alive to the pre- ventive measure agoimst the :erious complications arising from neglected “colds in the heal.” That over “0 per cent. of the cases of mastoiditis result from ordinary colds and sore throats is alone sufficient excuse for making more pubiic the experiences of the medical profession in handiing acute infections o” the ear, nose and throat. That an infection is the paramount factor in the production of a “head cold” is generally accepted. It may be that the infecting organism can- not always be isolated. The recent experiments of Dr. G. B. Foster, Jr., are interesting in showing that a fil- terable virus, apparently free from any demonstrable micro-organisms, produced typical “colds” in 42 per cent. of 36 subjects inoculated. As a rule, pus organisms—the various forms of the streptococcus, the pneu- mococcus, the micro--coccus of ca- tarrh, the influenza bacillus and many other organisms—can be grown from purulent nasal secretions. Infections, atmospheric changes, drafts and other factors, such as low- ered body resistance from excessive fatigue and indiscretions in diet tend to congestion of the mucous mem- brane of the nose. The public is not sufficiently aware of certain preventive measures, which may be briefly summarized as fol- lows: A daily cold bath. If the cold tub bath produces too much shock, a cold sponge bath about the face, neck, chest and shoulders may be substi- tuted. Fresh, circulating air in the bed- chamber. The sleeping porch accom- plishes this result. The fad for out- door sleeping, while in the main good, can be abused. Some people, par- ticularly some children, are better off indoors, especially in cold, damp weather. The attempt to “harden” children who are susceptible to bronchitis and laryngitis, by forcing them to sleep outdoors in bad weather, is especial- ly to be condemned. Dr. J. L. Morse in an instructive paper on the cold- air treatment in pneumonia cases, re- marks that he has seen no ill effects from cold fresh air treatment of pa- tients with lobar pneumonia, but be- lieves harm is done in pneumonia cases complicated by bronchitis. This has been the experience of laryngolo- gists for a long time in regard to actue inflammation of ‘he upper air tract. Another preventive measure against “Colds” is the avoidance of plunges, especially during epidemics of “colds.” Fresh and salt water plunges, contaminated by nasal and throat se- cretions, especially during the epi- demic periods of nose and throat in- fections, are often far more danger- ous than some other conditions for which strict health regulations are enforced. Hundreds of infections of the ear, nose and throat occur from dirty plunges. Many cases of mas- toiditis, and some deaths, occur that should be and can be prevented by keeping people with “colds” from diving. The sanitary control of gymnasium plunges, various baths and athletic club plunges is a problem that is only of late being recognized. There is, in some cases, a widespread ignor- ance and complete indifference on the part of those in charge of them. A recent investigation gives some facts on this subject based on the ex- amination of a college swimming pool. Frequent changes of the water of a swimming pool, at least once a week, with periodic cleansing of the bottom and sides of the empty pool with or- dinary lime bleach (calcium hypo- chloride) is a safe measure. Where the cost of water is such that the water must be used again, it is recom- mended that the water be pumped into a filtration plant, the empty tank cleansed, and the water be pumped back again, and disinfected in the tank by the use of copper sul- phate, one part to a million. A bag containing the copper sulphate is drawn along the surface of the water until all is dissolved, a procedure that takes about 15 minutes. Another preventive measure against “colds” is the care in handling the nasal secretion of an infection mem- ber of a household. Handkerchiefs of cheesecloth should be used as much as possible and burned. In the early stages of a “cold” sneezing is not a harmless pleasure. The problem of protecting the na- sal accessory sinuses from infections that often become chronic depends largely on one factor, that of main- taining good drainage of these cavi- ties during a “cold”. That can be well done only when it is realized that patients with acute nasal infec- | | | "tion should be referred when possi-' | ble to ear, nose and throat special- ists. | patients later, after the complications have advanced to an extent that cause serious concern. The problem of curing a large pro- . portion of the complications largely - depends on the same factor, that of i good drainage, which now can be done by conservative intranasal sur- i gery. Drainige by the simpler sur- | gical measures has almost supplant- ted the dangerous radical procedures | of external operations on the frontals, ! antrums, etc. There will be fewer long standing j cases of supuration of the accessory | sinuses of the nose when it is more ! generally understood that a persisting { nasal discharge requires prompt at- | tention. | The best protection against infec- | tion of the ears, especially in chil- { dreen, is the removal of tonsils and { adenoids. It is likely ne exaggera- | tion to say that nothing has done so ‘much to protect the ears from infec- | tions and conserve the hearing of the | population now growing up to adult life as the widespread practice of re- moving the tonsils and adenoid i growths of children. The majority of mastoid abscesses in children oc- cur in those whose tonsils and ade- noid growths have not been removed. Also, it is noteworthy that in the in- fectious diseases, such as diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, etc., no form of local treatment of the nose and throat has so adequately protected the ear from purulent infections as the removal of the tonsils and ade- noids prior to the onset of the infec- tious disease. The best protection against further spread of purulent infection of the middle ear is prompt incision of the drum membrane as soon as a middle ear abscess forms. Gradually the public is being taught this fact. Nevertheless there is still consider- able prejudicc against opening the drum membrane. The number of mastoid operations has been greatly reduced in the last ten years, and certainly credit must be given to the preventive measures of removing the tonsils and adenoid growths in chil- dren, and to the prompt incision of the drum membrane when a middle ear abscess has formed. The dangerous practices that tend to the spread of the purulent infec- tions of the nasopharynx into the ear may be summarized as follows: The use of nasal douches of the glass-duct type, with the head thrown back, tends to force purulent mate- rial up the eustachian tube into the ear cavity. The same applies to snuf- fing salt water up the nose. Forcible douching of the nose with syringes, paarticularly where the large olive-shaped bulb tip, complete- ly closes the nostril. Gentle douching with a small tip syringe is less harm- fal, Blowing the nasal secretion out of the nose with too much force. Swimming, and particularly diving, during a “cold in the head.” There is notable ignorance on the part of the public on this point, par- ticularly in that it is a common be- lief that one who has recovered from a “cold,” and yet whose nose is stuffed with thick, nasal secretions, is relieved by diving in plunges and es- pecially in salt water plunges, or in the ocean. The purulent material washed out is a danger to others; and the diver himself runs a risk of fore- ing some of the pus into his middle ear. Many cases of mastoid abscess oc- cur from this cause during the swim- ming season. At large ear, nose and throat institutions, it is commonly noted that the swimming season in- variably brings on “a crop of mas- toids.” The advice to keep out of the wa- ter until a “head cold” is entirely cleared up cannot be too strongly im- pressed on the public. Billy” Sunday’s Gleanings. The following itemized record of Mr. Sunday’s gleanings on the foot- steps of the twelve men of Gallilee has been given out: Philadelphid.. 0... 000 0 $53,000 Pittsburgh. ... a... i. Lavoe: 42,002 Steubenville... i... dvi ivi eia 11,345 Columbns, ODIO. ......... 0... 0 McKeesport, Pa.................... Toledo, OM. ...............c. .q.5. Wheeling, Wi. ¥Va............ 0000 Springfield, Obio.............ccu.: Portsmouth, Ohio... canton, ORI0;.......... ovis iain Youngstown, Onio............. 6 South Bend, Ind................... Wilkes-Barre, Pa...............0.. Beaver Talls, Pa................ 0.00 TAME, OHIO... assis vis darian Johnstown, Pa..........c.ovrivinss Des Moines, Xa................ 0c) Denver, Colo............. Seanaevens Scranton, Pa... ............05005 Springfield, IN............... 5... PaterSOn, N. J....i.vovcrrvivesavan 24,000 Boston, Mass. ............. 0.000 50,828 Reader, if you have the patience, add up the column. 23,188 10,000 8,000 16,008 13,250 16,000 22,395 12,000 Not a Bit Slow. Uncle Hiram from Podunk was taken by his nephew into a down- town hashery for lunch. “I guess I'll have some coffe and sinkers,” said the nephew. “Did you say sinkers?” asked the old man. “I sure did, uncle.” “Well,” said uncle Hiram, as his eye fell on a spaghetti eater, “I reck- on I'll have a mess of fishin’ lines like that there feller is eaten’ out of a bowl.” rE — Her Ideas. “Charley, dear,” said young Mrs. Torkins, “I am going to be in favor of government ownership.” “Have you given the matter any thought ?” “Yes, indeed. If we had govern- ment ownership of railroads I might be able to tell any conductor who didn’t find me a seat on the shady side of the car that I wouldn't vote for him next election.” FARM NOTES. —A mixture of bran or oat chop, 75 per cent. and cottonseed meal, 25 per cent., will give good results with it a = Phi ) rch 15 TODRCIErT Da a he dairy cow.—Philadelphia Record. tom. The rule rather is to send such thousand-pound steer in embryo. Kill —A hundred pound beef calf, is a i the calf and you net but a 50 or 60- pound delicacy for the table of an ep- | icure. Kill the steer and you provide 500 or 600 pounds of substantial beef for the upbuilding of the manhood of the world. —Sheep have always been close- grazing animals. Even in the days of extensive pastures men kept sheep to utilize their pastures and rough land. But why not raise sheep on rich, productive land? The fact that rough land with short grass may be grazed with sheep does not mean that rich land with fine grass would not be better and highly profitable. —The body of the milch cow is com- posed of water, ash, flesh and fat. The entire body is largely composed of water. The calf, when born, contains from 80 to 85 per cent. but during its growth it decreases to 60 per cent. The mature and moderately fat steer is composed of only about 40 to 50 per cent. of the entire body. Ash, or the mineral matter, is found largely in the bones, although small amounts exist through all animal flesh. The composition of bones is partly ash, partly of fatty substances, and partly of nitrogenous matter, such as glue, gelatine, ete. In round numbers, the per cent. of mineral matter of the live weight of cattle is 4 to 5; sheep, 2.8 to 3.5, and pigs, 1.8 to 3.0. About four-fifths of the total is composed of phosphate of lime, and the remaining one-fifth of soda, pot- ash, magnesia, iron, chlorine and sul- phuric acid. The nitrogenous matter of the body, the flesh, is composed of two distinct groups of substances, known as the albuminoids and gelatinoids. The former are the more important, and are subdivided into albumen which predominates in all animal flu- ids, flesh fibrin or lean meat, and case- in. The gelatinoids form the nitro- genous substances of the bone, carti- lage, tendors and ligaments. Fat is chiefly enclosed in special cells or tissues under the skin, be- tween the bundles of muscular fibres, and in the kidneys. The residue represents the skin, hair, offal, blood, and the contents of stomach and intestines. —Feed has very little, if any, effect upon the quality of milk. By quality we refer to the per cent. or amount of total solid matter in the milk. It is a well recognized fact that some feeds effect the flavor of milk and possibly to a slight extent its color. Feeds rich in protein have a tendency to slightly increase the percentage of fat in case of some cows; the same can be said of feeds rich in fat. This in- crease is probably only temporary, however, the milk gradually coming back to its normal composition. Ani- mals very thin in flesh, and insuffi- ciently fed, if brought into good con- dition by proper feed will probably yield milk of rather better quality. The improvement in quality will not as a rule be very marked. The milk producing function is to a large ex- tent under the control of the nervous system. Any influence that disturbs the quiet or normal condition of the animal, be it rough usage, extremes of temperature, exposure to rain, etc., will have its effect upon the quality of the milk. On the other hand, plen- ty of good feed increases the quanti- ty of milk until the animal reaches her maximum production. What has been said with regard to the influence of feed upon the quality of milk is equally true, relative to the amount of butter that can be made from a given quantity of milk. No method of feeding has as yet been discovered that so improves the quality of the milk as to make a given quantity of milk produce more butter at one time than at another. The quality of milk varies during the different stages of lactation, but this is entirely inde- pendent of the influence of feed. The above statements are based on the teachings of carefully-conducted ex- periments. They are contrary to the general belief that the better the an- imal is fed the better the quality of the milk produced. —Professor Joseph R. Lindsay says: Among the most economical winter coarse feeds for dairy stock can be mentioned corn, barnyard mil- et, hay and soja beans. Corn, or any crop put in the silo, is not improved in quality. The vari- ous fermentations which such materi- als undergo, decrease to an extent their nutritive effect, i. e., a ton of fodder before being ensilaged would have a greater nutritive value than after being ensilaged. The writer does not believe in putting any crop into the silo that can be properly cur- ed. Unfortunately it is very difficult to cure Indian corn fodder. It is also difficult to cut or shred it and preserve it outside of the silo in quantity for any length of time. For these rea- sons the silo, all things considered, is undoubtedly to be preferred for pre- serving the corn plant and practical experience has demonstrated its val- ue. The medium green soja bean is a valuable crop to put into the silo with corn. One part bean fodder and two parts corn fodder is a good propor- tion. It should not be put in layers, but both corn and bean plants run through the cutting machine togeth- er. Thus mixed, the bean fodder will keep better, and will aid in neutraliz- ing the acidity of the corn. The ad- vantage of this mixture for feeding is that it increases the percentage of protein in the ensilage from 1.4 or 1.6 per cent. (corn alone) to 2.6 or 2.8 (mixed ensilage.) If this mixture could be fed as an entire daily ration, but very little concentrated feeds, rich in protein, would be required. Corn, for ensilage, should be cut when the ears are fairly well glazed. Beans planted about May 25 will be ready at the same time. Barnyard millet is also recommended to be used in con- nection with soja beans for the silo. The hay of vetch and oats, peas and oats, and of the Hungarian grass makes good coarse feed for winter, equal to an average quality of hay. The peas and oats can be cut when in blossom early in July and followed immediately by Hungarian grass. |
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers