Bena, Belletonte, Pa., May 26, 1916. MEMORIAL DAY. Again we come with reverent thought, The fragrant wreaths to lay Upon the graves of valiant men, And gracious words to say. The Nation gladly gives this day, The wheels of toil stand still, ‘While young and old with kindly hearts The law of love fulfil, The veterans, few and feeble, march Before us, side to side; They straighten shoulders, lift their heads, With all the old-time pride. With toil-worn hands they place the flowers, While faltering voices tell. Of deeds of daring done by those Who in dire conflict fell. But swift the day is hastening on When all will absent be, And only memories be left Of their brave history. Their counterpanes will be the grass; Their garnishing, fair flowers; But still the flags shall grace the graves Whose honoring will be ours! —By E. A. Lente. : Inventions of Women. . An investigation concerning the constantly growing number of wom- en in various fields of work reveals the fact that women are taking their places side by side with men in the field of invention—a field which, it has been claimed, would never to any extent be entered by women. The woman inventor who has been longest in the field and has accom- plished the most is Miss Margaret E. Knight, of Framington, Mass. Miss Knight is still at work in her shop many hours a day, constantly adding to her 89 patents. Her first invention completed at the age of 12 was a covered shuttle which is in general use today in-cotton mills, where it is a great protection to the operators. Her invention of the square paper bag, now in universal use, brought to her in 1871 the decoration of the Royal Legion of Honor from the Queen of England. Among the many labor-saving devices she has invented for cotton and woolen mills, rubber and shoe factories, her latest is a motor for driving the machines. Miss Jane Anderson has three in-' ventions on the market, and sh» has also invented a home fire extinguisher and an open-work metal slipper-rack which is fastened to the side of the bed to hold one’s slippers. Miss Nina Piffard-Frances invented a self-threading machine needle, This was her first invention, her next being a non-corrosive metal lock faucet for barrels holding expensive liquids or oils. A stamp-affixing machine for office use was the third invention, and at present Mrs. Frances is at work upon something still better which she is not yet ready to discuss. Miss Julia C. Philips has come to the aid of apartment dwellers whose cry of “more closet room” is so per- sistent, having invented what she calls the “invisible wardrobe.” This device requires no floor or wall space and creates a closet where there was none before. It is a metal frame and a dustproof cover, like a deep drawer, and is swung under the bed by pecul- iarly shaped metal hinges of its own, It also comes in for crib use and can hold all the baby’s clothes in its com- partments. Mrs. Philips is busy on other space economizers. Mrs. Norma Ford Schafuss has re- cently invented a buckle for belts and other things which, for its simplicity and remarkable grip, brought praise from the manufacturers, who said they had been hoping for years to get something like it. Mrs. Schafuss had worked out the idea in odd moments, with the use of common hairpins. She is busy on another convenience for women. Mme. Bessie Lazelle has put upon the market a rubberized bathing corset which has among its good points the quality that it may be worn three or four times a day, if desired. Until a short time ago Mme. Lazelle owned and operated a factory for the making of women’s apparel where all of the employees, even to the office force, where women. Mrs. Homer Lind, in addition to keeping house, looking after the wel- fare of a family, and playing a long season in vaudeville with her husband each year, has found time to invent a frame to bring the clothes line in- doors in places where a pulley is used. With convenience clothes may be hung upon the line by a person stand- ing inside the window, with no need to lean out; when not in use, the de- vice folds away like an umbrella. She has also perfected a windshield to go with the frame. Mrs. Jane Houghton has designed a number of model garments for wom- en, besides a motor veil which fastens with a button and loop over large or small hats and forms a scarf or shou- der drapery. Indians Great Jokers. The Crow Indians are divided into thirteen clans; in former times the number was probably greater. These groups are called by nick-namelike designation such as Whistling Waters. They bring game without having killed it, kicked in their stomach, and so forth. Every individual belongs to his mother’s clan and it is considered highly improper to marry a person of one’s own clan, since all the marriage- able women of that group are reckon- ed as belonging to the status of either a mother or a sister. Those individuals whose fathers be- long to the same clan stand to each other in a very special relation, which for want of a better name may be called the “joking relationship.” They are privileged to play pranks and practical jokes on each other without giving offense. More particulary is it the function of one of them to trans- gress some rule of tribal morality or etiquette. In such a case the “joker” will bide his time until some public occasion arises. Then he will boldly come for- ward and twit the culprit with his | deed in the face of the assembled | throng and to his utter discomfiture. | Against this punishment there is no! redress, for nothing said by a joking! relative can be respected. The one thing a man can do is to wait for an offense on the part of his denouncer . and then treat him to a dose of his own medicine. i Another social custom of the Crow, | which is often encountered among: Indian tribes, and also among the na- | tives, and Australia and Africa, is the mother-in-law taboo. A man and his | wife’s mother never talk with each | other, not from any motive of hos-! tility, but rather as a token of mutual respect.— “Montreal Witness.” Why Horses Seldom Lie Down. All horses, when turned out in pasture, | are more prone to take their rest lying | down than when confined in stable stalls, | but even when practically free from hu- ; man restraint and observation, or any | likelihood of danger, they seldom take | more than an hour each night in the re- | cumbent position, and that period is gen- erally indulged in about midnight. A noted veterinarian says: “There are some curious facts regard- ing the disposition of horses in the mat- ter of lying down and to a hard working horse repose is almost as much of a necessity as good food and water, but tired as it may be, it is an animal very shy about lying down. I have known in- stances were stablemen declared that the horses in their charge had never been known to take rest in that manner, but always slept standing. In some of these instances the animals were constantly under human watchfulness night and day, and in other cases the conclusions were arrived at because no marks of the bedding were ever found upon their coats. I now recall an instance of a horse that stood in a stall near the en- trance of a livery stable. No one ever saw that animal lying down within a period of fifteen years, and it finally died standing.” It is a theory—only a vague supposi- tion—that a horse sleeps standing be- cause it fears that insects or mice may creep up its nostrils. It is also known that the elephant has the same horror of mice and that a small rodent can cause more consternation among a herd of those colossal animals than can a tiger or boa constrictor. A mouse in the hay at a circus will cause every elephant in the collection to hold its trunk aloft, plainly indicating that they fear the [ittlé creatures may take refuge in the pro- boscis orifice. But to return to horses: It has always been said that they “sleep with one eye open,” and are constantly on guard. An Indian shod in cotton felt moccasines, practicing all the sly arts of his people, could not, with the wind in his favor, ap- proach a sleeping horse without being detected. No odds how weary a horse may be, its ears are constantly turning and twisting, so that their funnels may catch the slightest unusual noises. Whisky Keeps Pace with Missionaries in Jungles. Rev. Dr. Harvey Wood Tells Baptists of Frightful Effect of Liquor on Natives who Confound Drink and Christianity. Whisky keeps pace with the mission- aries in penetrating the African jungles | measurements level. and other uncivilized lands, the Rev. Dr. Harvey Wood, of New York, secretary of | ed the National Temperance society, told the Baptist Minieters’ Conference at its meeting recently in the First Baptist church. In the Congo, he said, African chiefs declare that they fear the “white man’s drink” more than any of their enemies Many of the African women pawn their babies to obtain gin. Doctor Wood said the simple natives link the strong drink with the religion of the so-called Christian countries which send it to them, and gin generally is known as “Jesus water.” Many of the mothers bathe theirinfants in gin, there- by hoping to bestow upon the child some of the superior virtues of the white man. Processions of natives,beastly intoxicated, singing “Onward, Christian Soldiers,” is no uncommon sight, Dr. Wood said. Dr. Wood compared the late King Leopold of Belgium, to Nero, but warmly praised King Albert, the present mon- arch. When Albert was informed of the alarming conditions due to the importa- tion of rum, the secretary said, he im- mediately obtained an order from Parlia- ment establishing prohibition in the Congo States. Great Britain did the same, when her statesmen were informed of the de- plorable effect of the drink habit upon the natives. In conclusion, Dr. Wood said that al- though the churches of the United States spend $19,000,000 annually on foreign missions, they do not give a dollar for temperance work in the foreign field. Concerning the industry of the liquor dealers in sending their products to all parts of the world, he said: “There is a brewery in Jerusalem; there is a distillery on Mount Lebanon; there are American saloons in Damascus. The saloon is the church's greatest foe in its foreign missionary work.” The Freezing of Light, The world stood with gaping mouth and baited breath when science an- nounced the phenomenon of frozen air, but wonderment has probably reached its limit when one learns that such an intangible and weightless thing as light has been frozen. It is customary to speak of the enormous generative power of heat, but more astounding still is the fact that by means of cold a force may be imprisoned and retained which when liberated traverses space at a velocity of 186,000 miles per second. Like all great discoveries, the pro- cess is exceedingly simple and based upon formulas that one marvels at not having been employed long ago. Radium emits light which is called “emanation,” and this “emanation” is nothing more or less than a gas. It is possible to freeze all gases, and when “emanation” is subjected to a temperature of 312 degrees below zero it becomes congealed. The strangest feature of the pheno menon, however, is to be observed when the “emanation” commences to thaw, when from the surface of the surrounding liquid air brilliant span- gles of light stream upward, produc- ing a most beautiful and dazzling ef- fect.—Birmingham Age-Herald. ~——They are all good enough, but the WATCHMAN is always the] best. FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN. DAILY THOUGHT. Finish everyday and be done with it. You have done what you could; some blunders and ' absurdities no doubt crept in: forget them as soon as you can. This day for all that is good and fair.— Emerson. Corn Rolls.—Take one and a quarter cupfuls white flour, one quar- ter cupful of cornmeal, four tea- spoonfuls baking powder, one-half teaspoonful salt, one teaspoonful su- gar, two tablespoonfuls butter, one egg, one-half cupful of milk; all Mix and sift dry ingredi-ats, add butter, egg and milk to make a soft dough that can be handled; add more milk if neces- sary, as some flour requires more. Turn onto a floured board, toss light- ly and roll out one-eighth inch with rolling pin, cut with round cutter, put a piece of butter size of a pea in center of each round, fold round in center so opposite edges meet. Bake in a quick oven 12 or 15 min- utes. Looking Attractive on Journey.— When you start on your journey, use your complexion brush well, then rub cold cream into the skin, and powder lightly. This will protect the skin from chapping. During the day, do not use water and soap on the face—with the cinders and dust, it is too driving, Instead, carry a number of little three or four inch cheesecloth squares, and, when the face needs refreshing or cleansing, smear it with cold cream and go over it carefully with a cheesecloth square, wiping off cream and dirt together. When the face is perfectly clean, the ears carefully wiped out, the eye- brows and lashes brushed free from dust with your tiny eyebrow brush, the nostrils wiped out, then dust on powder again, and you will look as clean as clean can be. The cream and powder act as a protection to the skin. At night go to the dressing room, take off all your clothes, just as you would at home, slip on your nightgown and kimono or Pullman robe, and get out complexion brush and your own soap. Notice I say “your own soap.” Nothing is worse for the skin than changing from one soap to another. Scrub your face thoroughly as you would at home, and rub in cold cream. In the morning wash with tepid water. If warm wa- ter is not obtainable, sponge off with a solution half alcohol and half water, as you would at home, slip on your before applying cream and powder. _—— When one can get genuine maple sugar, maple puffs that are delicious might be manufactured. To one pound of maple sugar add one cupful of cold water and boil without stir- ring, until it reaches the firm ball stage. Chep a dozen marshmallows into small pieces and add to the mix- ture. Let stand five minutes. Mix the syrup well and pour slowly over the beaten whites of two eggs. Keep beating the mixtures, and when it begins to harden sufficiently to hold its shape stir into it chopped candied cherries or in fact any can- died fruit. If fruit is not on hand nuts chopped small may be substitut- Mold into small cakes and lay on waxed paper. Place a cherry on top of each, or a small hard candy, a bit of nut, or anything decorating and edible, and set away to harden. If you find that your soup is too salty, the “Housewife” says to add a few slices of raw potato and cook a little longer. The idea is that ‘he Potato will absorb the superfluous salt. She also says that it will improve your roast chicken immensely if you rub the inside and outside with bacon drippings before you stuff it. Sausage used instead of stuffing is good for a change. your croquettes are heavy, try draining them with a newspaper. Crumble the papers into ridges, and use. Use a newspaper when you pare potatoes. It will hold the skins just as well, and you won’t have any dish- es to wash. A lovely dessert can be made in a hurry if you lay sliced oranges, maraschino cherries, and cocoanut in a dish in separate layers. Spaghetti With Cheese.—Take a handful of long stalks of spaghetti and put one end of the bunch in a kettle of boiling water lightly salted. As the sticks soften bend the mass around in the kettle, putting all in carefully, not to break it. Cook fif- teen to twenty minutes until tender, then drain and blanch. Return to kettle, add a little milk, let it cook slowly until the milk is absorbed. Just before serving add a quarter of a cupful of butter; when melted turn out on a shallow dish, sprinkle with a good grated cheese and serve. Frozen Pudding. —Dissolve a half ounce of powdered gelatine in four tablespoonfuls of hot water to make frozen pudding. Cook one cupful of sugar in one cupful of water until it threads from the spoon. Beat the yolks of three eggs, add them to the syrup and beat until cool; then add the melted gelatine and fold in two cupfuls of whipped cream. When all is mixed add half a cupful of seeded raisins, a cupful of blanch- ed and chopped almonds, half a pound of mixed candied fruits, a teaspoonful of vanilla and two drops of oil of cloves; turn all into the freezer. When nearly frozen add the stiffly beaten whites of the three eggs that have been beaten with a little powdered sugar and two teaspoonfuls of orange flower water. When ready to serve unmold and serve in slices with any good plum pudding sauce. Apricot Whip.—Steam a quarter of a pound of softened dried apricots and chop them fine. Beat the whites of four eggs very stiff and add a quar- ter of a cupful of sugar, beating all the time, and gradually the chopped apricots. Pour into a buttered pud- ding dish and bake slowly until light and firm. Serve either cold or hot with whipped cream. If served cold, it must be cooled very graqually 80 that it will not fall and it must be slowly and carefully baked. INTERESTING INFORMATION ABOUT THEME SUPPLIED BY THE BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL G SURVEY OF THE UNITED STATES DEPART. PD MENT OF AGRICULTURE BARN SWALLOW (Hirundo erythrogastra) Length, avout seven inches. Distin guished among our swallows by deeply forked tail. Range: United States (except the South At- lantic and Gulf states) and most of Canada; winters in South America. Breeds throughout the Habits and economic status: This {8 one of the most familiar birds of the farm and one of the greatest in- sect destroyers. From daylight to dark an tireless wings it seeks its prey, and the insects destroyed are countless. Its favorite nesting site is a barn rafter, upon which it sticks its mud basket. Most modern barns are so tightly constructed that swallows can- not gain entrance, and in New Eng- land and some other parts of the coun- try barn swallows are much less numerous than formerly. can easily provide for the entrance Farmers | i per cent of the contents of 145 stom- BLACK TERN (Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis) KINGBIRD (Tyrannus tyrannus) Length, ten inches. In autumn oec- curs as a migrant on the east coast of the United States, and then is in white and gray plumage. During the breeding season it is confined to the i interior, is chiefly black, and is the only dark tern occurring inland. Range: Breeds from California, | Colorado, Missouri, and Ohio, north i to central Canada; winters from Mex- ico to South America; migrant in the eastern United States. Habits and economic status: This | tern, unlike most of its relatives, passes much of its life on fresh-water lakes and marshes of the interior. Its nests are placed among the tules and weeds, on floating vegetation, or on muskrat houses. It lays from two to four eggs. Its food is more varied than that of any other tern. So far as known it preys upon no food fishes, but feeds extensively upon such ene- ; mies of fish as dragonfly nymphs, and exit of the birds and so add ma- ! terially to their numbers. be well to add that the parasites that sometimes infest the nests of swal- lows are not the ones the careful housewife dreads, ana no fear need be felt of the infestation spreading to the houses. Insects taken on the wing constitute the almost exclusive fiet of the barn swallow. More than one-third of the whole consists of flies, Including unfortunately some useful parasitic species. Beetles stand next In order and consist of a few weevils and many of the small dung beetles of the May beetle family that swarm over the pastures in the late after- noon. Ants amount to more than one- fAfth of the whole food, while wasps and bees are well represented. SPARROW HAWK (Falco sparverius) 8 Length, about ten inches. This is one of the best known and handsom: est, as well as the smallest, of North American hawks. Range: United States, Canada, and northern Mexico; winters in the United States end south to Guatemala. Habits and economic status: The sparrow hawk, which is a true falcon, lives in the more open country and builds its nest in hollow trees. It is abundant in many parts of the West, where telegraph poles afford it con- venient perching and feeding places. Its food consists of insects, small mammals, birds, spiders, and reptiles Grasshoppers, crickets, and terrestrial beetles and caterpillars make up con- siderably more than half its subsist: ence, while field mice, house mice, and shrews cover fully 25 per cent of its annual supply. The balance of the food includes birds, reptiles, and spiders, Contrary to the usual habits of the species, some individuals during the breeding season capture nestling birds for food for their young and create considerable havoc among the songsters of the neighborhood. In ag- ricultural districts when new ground is broken by the plow, they sometimes become very tame, even alighting for an instant under the horses in their endeavor to seize a worm or insect. Out of 410 stomachs examined, 314 were found to contain insects; 129, small mammals; and 70, small birds. This little falcon renders good service in destroying noxious insects and rodents and should be encouraged and protected. In Golf Terms. “Yes, I am learning to shave my- self.” “What progress?” “Oh, .I can 20 over the course in 110, or thereabouts.”—Louisville Courier- Journal \ Breeds throughout the i i fish-eating beetles, and crawfishes. | Unlike most of its family, it devours a great variety of insects, many of which it catches as it flies. Dragon- flies, May flies, grasshoppers, predace- ous diving beetles, scarabaeid beetles, leaf beetles, gnats, and other flies are the principal kinds preyed upon. Fishes of little economic value, chiefly minnows and mummichogs, were found to compose only a little more than 19 achs. The great consumption of in- It may ; Sects by the black tern places it among ; the beneficial species worthy of pro- tection. BROWN CREEPER | (Certhia familiaris americans) Range: diana, North Carolina (mountains). and Massachusetts north to southern Canada, also in the mountains of the Breeds from, Nebraska, In western United States, north to Alaska, south to Nicaragua; winters over most of its range. Habits and economic status: Rare ly indeed is the creeper seen at rest It appears to spend its life in an in cessant scramble over the trunks and branches of trees, from which it gets all its food. It is protectively colored so as to be practically invisible to its enemies and, though delicately built, possesses amazingly strong claws and feet. Its tiny eyes are sharp enough to detect insects so small that most other species pass them by, and alto gether the creeper fills a unique place in the ranks of our insect destroyers. The food consists of minute insects and insects’ eggs, also cocoons of tineid moths, small wasps, ants, and bugs, especially scales and plant lice, with some small caterpillars. As the creeper remains in the United States throughout the year, it naturally se cures hibernating insects and insects’ eggs, as well as spiders and spiders’ eggs missed by the summer birds. On its bill of fare we find no product of husbandry nor any useful insects. I ——————— Flowers of the Sea. Like the land, the sea has its flow- ers, but the most brilliant of the ma- rine flowers bloom not upon plants but upon animals. The living corals of tropical seas present a display of floral beauty that in richness and vividness of color and variety and grace of form rivals the splendor of a garden of flowers. The resemblance to blossoms is so complete that some persons find it difficult to believe that the brilliant display contains no element of plant life, but is wholly animal in its or ganization. ; Among the sea animals that bloom as if they were plants are included, besides corals, the sea anemone and the sea cucumber. It has been re marked that the birds and butterflies of the upper world are replaced by fishes of curious forms and flashing colors which dart about among the Length, about eight and one-half inches. The white lower surface and white-tipped tail distinguish this fly- catcher. Range: Breeds throughout the Unit. ed States (except the southwestern part) and southern Canada; winters from Mexico to South America. Habits and economic status: The kingbird is a pronounced enemy of hawks and crows, which it vigorously attacks at every opportunity, there- by affording efficient protection to nearby poultry yards and young chick- ens at large. It loves the open coun- try and is especially fond of orchards and trees about farm buildings. No less than 85 per cent of its food con- sists of insects, mostly of a harmful nature. It eats the common rose chafer or rose bug, and more remarkable still it devours biister beetles freely. The bird has been accused of eating honeybees to an injurious extent, but there is little ground for the accusa- tion, as appears from the fact that examination of 634 stomachs showed only 61 bees in 22 stomachs. Of these 61 were useless drones. On the other hand, it devours robber flies, which catch and destroy honeybees. Grass- hoppers and crickets, with a few bugs and some cutworms, and a few other insects, make up the rest of the ani- mal food. The vegetable food con- sists of fruit and a few seeds. The kingbird deserves full protection. NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles virginianus) Length, ten inches. fused with the whippoorwill. The lat- ter lives in woodland and is chiefly Not to be con. nocturnal. The nighthawk often flies by day, when the white bar across the wing and its nasal cry are dis- tinguishing. Range: Breeds throughout most of the United States and Canada; win- ters in South America. Habits and economic status: The skillful evolutions of a company of nighthawks as the birds gracefully cleave the air in intersecting circles is a sight to be remembered. So ex- pert are they on the wing that no in- sect is safe from them, even the swift dragonfly being captured with ease. Unfortunately their erratic flight tempts men to use them for targets, and this inexcusable practice is seri- ously diminishing their numbers, which is deplorable, since no birds are more useful. This species makes no nest, but lays its two-spotted eggs on the bare ground, sometimes on the gravel roof of the city house. The nighthawk is a voracious feeder and is almost exclusively insectivorous. Some stomachs contained from 30 to 50 different kinds of insects, and more than 600 kinds have been identified from the stomachs thus far examined. ‘From 500 to 1,000 ants are often found in a stomach. Several species of mos- quitoes, including Anopheles, the transmitter of malaria, are eaten. Oth- er wellknown pests destroyed by the nighthawk are the Colorado potato beetle, cucumber beetles, chestnut, rice, clover-leaf and cotton-boll wee- vils, billbugs, bark beetles, squash bugs, and moths of the cotton worm. Pat to the Rescue, The New York householder engaged an Irishman fresh over from a re- mote district of his native land as gen- eral factotum. Pat gave much satis- faction, as he was quiet and smart, and always cheerful and obliging. Only one thing bothered him, and that was his master’s telephone, and many a suspicious look he gave it when in his master’s study. One night they were awakened by a cry of “Fire!™ and Pat, hastily dressing himself, hur- ried down stairs, and rushing to the telephone shouted: “Hey, misther, ye'd bether come out o’ that, or ye'll be burnt to death.” : animal flowers. < J
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers