Bellefonte, Pa., January 29, 1915. THE BOY SCOUT. The little Boy Scout goes marching out * In a khaki suitof tan, And a broad felt hat with 3 silver cord, Just like a grown-up man. He feels so big as he swings along In step with the line of boys, That he knows he never again will cry Or play with his childish toys. The little Boy Scout is only eight, And his eyes are blue and bright; His mother kisses and tucks him up In his pretty white bed each night. Tramp, tramp, tramp, on the weary road— He is tired, and hungry, too, But to fall behind in the dusty march Is not what a man would do. The little Boy Scout is home again; To bed in the dark he goes, No more afraid of the bogey-bears That lure on the stairs, he knows. He has learned to conquer the pain of life, As only a brave heart can, And his mother steals to his cot to say: “Good-night, my dear little man.” —New York American. FROM INDIA. By One on Medical Duty in that Far Eastern €Gountry. 'A Description of a Travel Through Iddia that was Not All Pleasure or Luxury. BARAMULLA, NOVEMBER 25th, 1913. Dear Home Folk: Yes, it is all over and here we are, and anchored tight to a muddy bank, with this yellow swirling river all about us; the mountains, great bare mounds, are on the other side and the city is on this. Tonight is “Duali” and we are going down through the bazaar to see the illu- minations, for again it is the night to worship the Goddess of Money and here, as well as down in India, money holds supreme sway. It is not much of an il- lumination and only took us a short time to see it all. We will wait here for two days then start out. This trip has been so delightful I do want to remember it all; but the ser- vants—well, as I feel now, never again could I be induced to come into this country except, as I think I told you, in LY a flying machine, and so could look down’ on it all from a safe distance. Cold, colder, coldest. These past few days are all just alike and tomorrow morning ear- ly we are off and I am glad, for my fingers are all swollen and stiffened up with rheumatism and my other joints are also becoming suspicious. CHAKOTI, DAK., Bungalow.—Our first day is over and here we sit, perched high along the side of this gorgeous mountain and the view from here is so delightful one would like to build just beside it and know you could come back, for our green mountains are now a mad splash of color and the yellows, greens, reds and browns are wonderful, with a great snow-capped peak to be the crown against the blue. The cold is not nearly so bad now and I am looking forward to tomorrow’s drive. Horrors! The tomorrow decided I was having too good a time and opened its flood gates at about four o'clock in the morning and poured torrents, yet on we had to go. Great wreaths of mist hung low along the mountains and then those autumn tints were like a beautiful belt of Persian coloring below, and the river moving along deep down. But the storm got worse and hail, lightning and thunder helped to make us wonder how we were going to get through the fifty- five miles we had to go, and then our bedding, trunks, boxes and what not, must be protecied. It was surely an ex- perience and one I don’t long to repeat. One horse went lame and fell and such beating and pushing and tugging, it re- ally made me sick when that poor beast lying on the ground moaned in pain, and I went and helped to open the harness so it could get up and then, eleven miles short of our destination, we stopped. Another bungalow, and a most delight- ful one too; a big wood fire helped to cheer our spirits and a good dinner sent .us to bed most hopeful. Today the sun came out bright and cheery but the poor lame horse had to take us on to the next stopping place and I am afraid I did not appreciate all the beauty for I was counting the miles, and here we are at Kohala, and tomor- row we go back over the mountains— over my fairy drive of six weeks ago, and in the daylight I am afraid some of the | glamor will come off. But it is ten o'clock and we leave at six, or earlier if we can, and so I am going to put out my candle (too poor to pay for lamps now) and go to bed. Good night, hope you haven't so many things to bite you as we will have tonight. On the train—I had thought I could write to you but it jiggles more than I thought and yet tomorrow it must be mailed or another week will go past and you will have no letter. : We left Kohala before the last star had put out her lamp, and started walking up those great mountains. A band of mist lay like a great lake half way down the ravine; the mountains here have still their summer dress so are beautifully green, and then the blue sky above. The climb is a long, hard one and I was so sorry for the horses. I walked nineteen miles to the top and not one whit of the beauty came off; only my earth toilers were out preparing for the spring har- vest, using such a funny little plow, while two men with pick-axes were grub- bing ahead of the team, breaking the earth decp down. We drove and drove and finally, near five in the afternoon, reached the top and only stopping long enough to eat some food we went on to Trete, and there spent the night, leaving ; as usual at daybreak, for our last twen- ty-five miles. We stayed all day in the station wait- ing-room and cooked our food, and then went to a very nice hotel for tea, and drove about the city Raualpindi, and last night we came to Amaritsar, where we have spent the day. We went to see the Golden Temple and it was so beautiful, I am indeed glad I did not miss it. Not a large building but of pure white marble with golden dome and great golden balls all around the upper part; the marble walls heavily and beautifully painted in all imaginable colors. It stands in a small lake and so is reflected on its sur- face like a mirror. Many native Hindus were worshipping and they were bowing and crossing them- selves. In the center—sacred hall—sat many priests and a native band of three stringed instruments were playing very weird but pretty music, while all about sat these queer Punjabi women, either counting their beads or kneeling, touch- ing the floor with their heads. We just missed seeing the treasury as yesterday a big man was there and all had been gotten out for his benefit; one must se- cure a written order from the authori- ties otherwise, and that we did not have time to do in the few hours we had. Amaritsar is another very wealthy and ! Circus in Winter. The end of the circus year has come. From every part of the country long trains of tired, worn out animals and hu- man beings are finding their way into the haven of their winter quarters, there to spend five months in recuperation and preparation for the enthusiasm of the next year’sseason. A few circuses take no winter vacation, but spend the cold months in making an extended tour of some warmer country. The American circus has lately been introduced into the countries of Latin America, and sev- eral companies will embark for the southern trip this month. One large com- pany will go to Australia. The ma- jority of the traveling circuses still de- pend upon hav’ng a long winter season of rest. A Southern California town is the win- ter home of one of the largest companies traveling through the west. The mer- chants of that town so appreciate the additional business brought to them by the encampment of several hundred fine animals and the necessary attendants and trainers, that a carnival is being planned in honor of the company. The circus of today is a highly organ- ized business corporation and is managed after the strictest methods. The winter camp consists of only a small part of the company employed during the summer circuit. Whisky is absolutely taboo in most circuses. During the show season it plays havoc with the nerves and may be deadly to the performer, for whom the difference of an inch may cause in- of the company. In the winter quarters the rule regarding drinking is scaacely less rigidly enforced, because the care and training of the animals in close con- finement does not admit of irregularity or carelessness. The most important work of the win- stant death to himself or some member “out through an opening and securely "bound up in splints. A huge sponge soaked in chloroform deadened the ani- | mal’s sensibilities. This operation was | undertaken as an experiment. It was thought at first that the animal would have to be shot, but the veterinarian wanted to attempt a treatment. To his own surprise it was a success. The ani- mal was kept in close restraint for three days and then his bonds were removed so that he had the freedom of the cage. He made few attempts to remove the splints from his leg and seemed much quieter in disposition than before. The bone healed and the splints were removed in about a month, and while the limb was a trifle crooked, the success of the operation was most gratifying. While many of the performers in the circus have homes of their own in which they spend the winter season, a consid- erable number of them remain at head- | quarters and spend the winter in devel- oping new tricks or securing agility in | the daily practice of their old ones. Old! timers, who are no longer able to do ac- | tive work themselves, sometimes come to | headquarters wiih some young perform- ers to work out a new act. The old man originates it and secures a season con- | tract. He pays the younger ones for | performing it. The heads of the circus | companies give audiences to new per- : formers at winter headquarters, where | they plan out the program for the next | season. They are ever on the alert to | secure new talent to interest the public. ! —By Frederic J. Haskin. | 1 The Sizes of Fish Families. i The spawning season of fish varies | considerably. Actually there is no gen- ! eral spawning season. Some fish—the ! sturgeon, for example—prefer the spring | time, but, even in northern waters, the | FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN DAILY THOUGHT. It is only necessary to grow to become indul- gent. Iseeno fault committed that I have not committed myself.—Goethe. A critic of the American girl says that her smile has been altogether too golden. He means that filled teeth are too often revealed by the American smile. While this is less to be regretted than unfilled teeth lost altogether, it is a calamity that would be averted by greater care, espe- cially of the teeth that “show.” The late Richard Mansfield, when asked what he considered as a chief physical qualification for a girl who wished to enter the charmed circle be- hind the footlights, said: “Sound teeth without gold filling.” In other words, the golden smile is not half so pretty as the simple pearly one. * One of the most prominent dentists in America who wants every one to know how not to need him, has issued a few “Don’ts” that are worth consideration by every woman who cares for the beauty of her smile. “Don’t bite off thread,” is one of his injunctions that may seem like going to extremes; yet even biting a thread may injure the enamel on the edge of the teeth, and start the insidious decay. Needless to say, biting any hard sub- stance, such as nut shells, is sternly for- bidden. Moreover, the author of the “Don'ts” ! says do not hold pencils or penholders in the teeth. Pins or hairpins, being harsh metal, should not be held in the teeth, for the same reasen. Lastly, the warning dentist says: “Don’t bite your nails.” This is not on account of the nails. Pride should dic- tate better fate for the nails. It ison beautiful city and I saw more magnifi- various periods form a complete circle of | account of the influence on the teeth, for cence on the women in the short time I ter period consists of doctoring and treat- ing the animals for any indisposition the year. The brook trout (September and October), | not only the action of the nail surface, but the snapping together of the teeth as was there than I have seen in all India, and some of the materials I saw in the bazaar made me envious; but I can’t have everything I see so am learning to look and not wish. We go on to Umbal- balla this afternoon, there change trains and get into Delhi tomorrow morning; caused by the long, hard traveling of the summer. At the close of a long season hardly any animal is found in thoroughly good condition, and only the best vet- erinary science can restore the menagerie to good health. As the animals repre- sent one of the chief assets of the circus, this becomes an important matter. Menominee whitefish, ! (November to June), and lobster (July | they come through the nail is sufficient and August), if we may include the lat- to begin or aggravate the harm. ter among fishes for present purposes, | | alone would make such a circle. The | : 5 Menominee whitefish has an extraordi- It is fashion’s decree that fussy blouses narily long spawning season, it being two Fave had their day—for a time at least months in excess of that of the cod, | —and so we must give our attention to which runs from November to April. much simpler designs. They are ex- have to wait there a whole day and will get into Jhansi Saturday morning. I have had no mail forwarded for near- ly three weeks and I am just hungering for what is awaiting me in Jhansi. Eight days this getting home has taken and to be packed into a train as we now are— like sardines in a box—makes traveling If I don’t get a mighty unpleasant. chance to write more tomorrow will tell you the rest next week. DELHL—Again I missed the mail so you will get this all next week when I reach Jhansi. We spent the entire day driving around the city; again we visit- ed the fort and I renewed my acquain- tance with all its loveliness. We then drove out to the new Delhi and there in- deed they are making “the desert bloom.” It is a very modern, new city with sim- ply beautiful new buildings, surrounded by perfect lawns—-nearly a city block in size and the roads are almost perfect. My only fault with it was the time it -takes to get from one place to another; it is well it is the capital of India for no other country could spare the time. We came down by third class on a night train and got into Jhansi at five o'clock in the morning, to find our bun- galow still in the hands of the color- washers and so my rooms are in dread- ful confusion. I had hoped to write you a nice long letter but as usual work has so heaped up I have been too busy to even think. Fortunately, today eased up a bitand I am trying to let you know the end. I can’t say even yet just what date I will leave but will perhaps know next week. You want to know the size of the “tin box” (trunk) used in traveling. To be explicit, the tin box is thirty inches long, sixteen inches wide and eleven inches high, and we paid the coolies one anna (two cents) to carry packages to the train, and four annas to move the house- boat in the city, eight annas out of the city, and one anna a day for food (regu- lated by law.) (Continued next week.) Wisdom of Quiet. More than half a century of exist- ence has taught me that most of the wrong and folly which darken earth is due to those who cannot possess their souls in quiet; that most of the good which saves mankind from destruction comes of life that is led in thoughtful stillness. Every day the world grows noisier; I, for one, will have no part in that increasing clamor and, were it only by my silence, I confer 2 boon on all—From the Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft, by George Gissing. Mllionaire’s Business Maxims. The late Philip D. Armour was a great believer in action. Often when his hog buyers were inclined to hold off for a few days for prices to come down, he would exclaim: “The time to buy these hogs is when these hogs are here.” At the same time his at- titude with his selling agents would be expressed in the following words: “The time to do business is when you see a margin of profit!” High Tuberculosis Death Rate. The per cent. of deaths from con- sumption among cement workers is 19 per cent., as against 14 per cent. for all the male workers in the United States. They inhale great quantities of cement dust, but some authorities consider this a source of health because of the heavy admix- ture of lime. Authorities differ on this score, and even federal evidence is inconclusive. Love and Measles. Love is like the measles, all the worse when it comes late in life.— Douglas Jerrold. Keepers and their Charges.—A close co-operation exists between animal keep- ers throughout the world. Many men in charge of the established zoological gar- dens in city parks have had training in caring for animals in circus companies. Men who have been keepers in zoologicals less frequently enter into the service of a circus company, where their experience in the care of permanently located ani- mals makes them valuable. Such a change gives to each class of caretakers a knowledge of what others are doing in meeting exigencies connected with wild animals held in captivity. The surgical operations performed call for much in- genuity as well as the highest degree of surgical skill. Since the animal is value- less if not cured, greater risks are taken where. One of the largest elephants in the circus grazed her shoulder during the summer. A bad sore developed, which did not yield to treatment. After being placed in winter quarters, it was decided a considerable amount of skin would have to be grafted on to close the open- ing. No less than five. young elephants were compelled to contribute an inch or more of their skin to cure their afflicted sister. Securing this skin was a difficult process. Each animal had to be secure- ly chained, and their squeals resounded throughout the entire camp as the sur- geon went from one to another, slicing away a section of the skin with a wicked little knife, while his assistants quickly applied an antiseptic dressing to prevent the possibility of infection. Animals become cross and unruly at times, and those which are usually most docile may refuse to perform their tricks. Toothache is frequently the contributing cause. During the winter season the animals have their teeth examined and those in need of attention are cared for. and tigers often have badly decayed teeth. It would seemingly require a brave man to attempt to draw the teeth from a lion, yet it is frequently done without: any risk, for the animal is always securely fastened in place. Treatment for Disease.—The skins of certain animals, such as hippopotami, rhinoceroses and elephants frequently be- comes sore and crack open. The former animals ars accustomed to soaking in soft, wet mud, and when kept in cages their skin becomes dry and hard. Dur- ing the winter thisis cured by copious applications of neatsfoot oil. The hip- popotami object strenuously to the oil baths and have to be chained while they are being given, while the elephants ap- parently enjoy them and stand quietly enough, occasionally rubbing the keep- ers caressingly with their trunks. Monkeys are subject to tuberculosis. When the disease is once fully establish- ed, it is necessary to get rid of the ani- mal to avoid infection to others, but no small amount of preventive work is being conducted in the winter headquarters of the circus to ward off the great “white plague.” The most rigid attention is given to diet, temperature and the ven- tilation of the cages. ’ Large animals frequently contract rheumatism from being kept on concrete floors. On the other hand, elephants quite frequently develop bad sore feet from splinters taken from wooden IS. Often large splinters have been imbedded in the flesh for weeks or months, and the animal would be permanently lame, but for the good offices of the physician. The treatment of such injuries is painful in the extreme and the animals are heavily chained. The largest elephant of a cir- cus, wintering in Rhode Island a few years ago, broke loose from the chains securing him while his feet were being treated. Crazed with pain, he charged through the side of the building and out into the open country. He had killed a keeper, injured several and frightened a large number of the people in the com- munity before he was finally recaptured. It was all due to an inch splinter, which had become imbedded and festered in one of his front feet. Curing Injured Animals.—Sometimes an animal breaks a leg. Formerly such an accident would have resulted in his death. Now various devices for setting the bone are called into play. A valua- ble tiger broke his front leg beating at the bars of his cage in a rage with his keeper. The fury of the beast made the treatment difficult, but the bone was finally set. Several lassoes were thrown into the cage and around the beast’s body. These were drawn taut. Another drew his head out of the way. The ani- mal was hauled close to the bars of the cage, and the injured member was drawn in operations than are assumed else- Usually, a bad tooth is extracted. Lions! The Atlantic salmon (October and No- | tremely smart and very Becoming to vember), the pollock (October to De- | mOSt women. cember,and the lake herring (November) | The flat-fish, | blouse materials, most important among are other late spawners. This season we have a number of new haddock, and shall all begin to spawn in ; Which are the pussy willow silks and a February, the respective periods ending | lovely new chiffon crepe, known as in April, May, bass is a May spawner, and the mackerel and tautog have a season extending from | that month to July. There is quite as among fishes as to the number of eggs that ought to be laid in a well-regulated family. The cod boasts of being able to lay 9,100,000 eggs, but naturally does not do so except to make a maximum record. | There are some other maximum figures | that look pretty big on paper. Among the most formidable are those of the sea-bass (2,200,000), the flat-fish (1,462,000), the tautog (1,142,600), the mackerel (546,000). the pollock (425,000,) the muskalonge (265,000), the haddock (250,000), and the shad (156,000). The lobster is below the 100,000 class, its figures being 97,640. The sturgeon has the tremendously “tall” average figure of 1,680,000. Not less striking are the contrasts be- tween the periods required for the hatch- ing of fresh eggs. While lobster eggs take from ten to eleven months to hatch, the sheeps head hatches in forty hours. In May and June from three to five days "is a fairly common hatching period. The ‘late spawners, as a rule, have along period: the Atlantic salmon, 157 days, . the brook trout, 50 to 125 days, and the ! lake herring 130 days. The Menominee ' white-fish, on the other hand, has a fif- I teen-day period. The water temperature varies also. The Scotch herring is content with 33 ‘degrees, but the Spanish mackerel | wants 84. It would be thought that women recog- nizing the delicacy of their sex, would seek in that delicacy, at first, for the cause of headache, dizziness and general { weakness. But instead of this, they gen- : erally attribute such disorders, at first, to | the liver, and treat the liver when they i | should be treating the delicate womanly | organs. And yet women’s mistakes are | not so remarkable when it is considered | that local physicians often make a simi- | lar mistake and treat for the wrong dis- | ease. Over half a million women have ' found health and healing in Dr. Pierce’s i Favorite Prescription. Many of these "had tried doctors in vain. They were sufferers from female weakness in its i extreme formsand considered their cases { hopeless. Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Pre- ! scription will give relief in cases of irreg- ularity, inflammation, ulceration, and bearing-down pains, and the relief ob- tained is permanent. | Popularity of the Banana. A tropical product for which a tre- mendous trade has been built up during the past generation is the banana. When we were boys, says a writer in the Coun- try Gentleman, not every one knew how to eat bananas, or what they tasted like. Today the United States consumes more than five dozen per capita yearly, or about half a bunch for every man, wom- an and child. Amazing Notice. A traveling revivalist placed the fol- lowing rather astounding notice on the bulletin board at a country school- house on his arrival: “There will be preaching here the following Wednes- day eve, Providence permitting, on the subject: ‘He that believeth shall be saved and he that believeth not shall be damned’ at 3:30 in the after noon.” Discouraging. Her admirer swallowed hard, pulled at his collar, and finally made up his mind. “Lillian,” he said desperately, “Jet’s get married!” Lilllan’s bored ex- pression vanished. “All right,” she agreed; “but who can you marry ?’'— Judge. Easy for Johnnle. “Johnnie,” said the teacher of & metaphysical class, “can you give me a familiar example of the human body as it adapts itself to changed condi- tions?” ‘Yessum,” said Johnnie, “my aunt gained 50 pounds jn a year and her skin never cracked.” little agreement | and July. The sheephead | Georgette crepe. and muskalonge prefer March. The sea- | Unlike chiffon, the Georgette crepe needs no net foundation, for, while it is quite thin, it is more opaque and washes | beautifully. The pussy willow silks come in a | heavier quality than crepe de chine, and | are a sort of cross between that and mes- saline, with a fine subdued luster to them. Either of the two fabrics just mention- palest pink or yellow, mauve, navy, pea green or rust color. These are the smartest blouse colorings just now. Too much flesh on the neck is perhaps one of the greatest obstacles to beauty which any woman can possess. It is al- most as bad in appearance as a scrawny throat, and is much more difficult to remedy. It is a far simpler thing to put on flesh to a woman’s throat than to take it off, for if the tissues are fed with a neck will soon begin to take on flesh. On the other hand, only exercise of the most vigorous sort will reduce the size of the throat. For a tendency to double chin and to tighten the muscles which have become loosened in a flabby neck try this simple but efficacious exer- cise. Throw the head back as far as it will go, drawing the muscles taut. Now turn the head slowly as far to the right as it will go, then as far to the left. Re- peat to the number of ten times, increas- ing as you become accustomed to the strain. Bathing the neck frequently with a piece of ice is excellent for keeping the flesh firm and for removing flabbiness. The important change in the suit for spring will be in the quantity of mate- rial used for a suit. The skirts will be flaring and short and the jackets will in general be short. There will be used many vokes on skirts and pleats and stitched bands that will be trimming in a simple line, inasmuch as the same ma- terial will be used. The flaring line of the skirts mecessi- tates the short jackets, and there will be many changes here. There will be box coats that are hip length and some shorter. There will be coats that dip in the front and jackets that have consider- able fullness below the hips. Belted effects at the normal waist line and rais- ed lines here will be seen in the new em- pire coats. : Serges, gabardines, poplins, coverts and novelty weaves will be used. Silks and a material known as chusdah will be used for suits for afternoon. In shades the neutral tones will be the favorite. There will be used the popular putty shades, sand color and a battleship gray and at the same time the old favorites, navy blue, dark Copenhagen, and black will be in good standing. Separate coats for the spring will have 2 flaring line below the waist line. This will be in either the cut or the pleats at the side and the changes will be made in the collars and belts. The collars will be small, the belts raised, wooden buttons will be used and many modifications of the waist line will be evident. Patch pockets will be practical and especially smart for the sporty coat. The dipped line at the front will be new. Meat Rolls. Take two cupfuls of sea- soned cooked meat, seasoning with onion, Worcester-shire sauce or any other, depending on the kind of meat. Moisten the meat with gravy and spread a small portion on large cabbage leaves, roll up and tie, place in a pan close together, cover with stock and cook until the cab- bage is tender. Raw meat may be used, but longer cooking will be needed. Thicken the stock from gravy and pour around the rolls. Garnish with pickled chopped beets. Crullers.—Mix one-half cup of butter and one cup of sugar until creamy, add one beaten egg, one cup of buttermilk and one level teaspoon of soda, sifted in two cups of flour. Flavor with mutmeg. Roll out thin, cut in shapes and fry in deep fat. Roll in powdered sugar while warm. ———For high class Job Work come to the WATCHMAN Office. ed will work up nicely in a blouse in ! good grease, such as cocoa butter, the ; FARM NOTES. | asin | _—There should be system in feeding | pigs that are to be used for breeding, | and that system should contemplate and i have for its purpose rapid growth and i early maturity of the animals; but at the { same time they should be fed for a { growth of frame and bone—not fattened ; on corn, but expanded by a feed rich in | protein. i —Five hundred and twenty tons of ! water are required to produce one ton of i dry oats, while 310 tons of water are ‘ needed for one ton of corn, and 453 tons | of water for one ton of red clover. No | wonder that a farmer gets worried dur- {ing long-continued dry spells. The | farmer or market gardener who instals ! irrigation to overcome possible droughts | is, after all, sure of his crops and ample | returns for the investment. | | —Several new strains of winter and i spring wheat on the experiment plots of i the College of Agriculture of the Uni- | versity of Wisconsin have heads weli filled with heavy berries, borne on straw | that stands up well, promising large yields. Selected heads of ten of the most promising strains have been re- served for further breeding in accord- ance with the practice of the college, and selections will later be made of the best heads of new strains of spring wheat. —The hog is a valuable aid to fertiliza- tion of land and pays a good return on the crops he consumes. He will devour large quantities of inferior fruit or waste grain and vegetables, which are not otherwise marketable. He will thus yield a profit on what might thus other- wise be wasted. The vearly increase in young pigs keeps the supply rapidly in- creasing from a small beginning. He is a lucrative investment. The secret of success in farming, as in other industries, lies in finding a use for everything. There is no reason why such products as are waste of the orchard should be thrown away. There is a use for everything on the farm, if the farmer will but seek until he finds it, and the hog is a great help in putting all sorts of feed to a profitable use. —The morning meal should be com- paratively light, consisting mostly of grain with some chaffed hay. It should not possess much bulk, and should be in condition to be easily and rapidly con- i sumed, so as to be well out of the way | when the animal is led from the barn. In many stables the noon meal is omit- | ted, but most horsemen hold that some | grain should be given at noon. In any | case the amount of feed given at midday | should not be large. For horses taxed to the limit of their | endurance all grain should be ground ‘and fed upon moistened, chaffed hay. Food thus prepared is more rapidly mas- ticated, and consequently remains a longer time in the stomach. A little hay may be supplied the animal to be con- sumed at leisure after the stomach is | well filled. —Horses should receive their regular and largest supply of water previous . to feeding, and it may be well to supply a | limited quantity after feeding. Horses | heated and fatigued may be given eight | or ten quarts of water, even if coid, the balance of requirements being supplied after they are rested and cooled. On the road a few quarts may be given, no mat- ter how much the horse is heated, but never give a large quantity at one time. On journeys give water every few miles. Water the horse often, so that he will drink only a small quantity at a time. Water first, then feed ground grain ' sprinkled upon a small allowance of moistened chaffed hay. Do not overfeed with hay or many ills will result—staring coat, labored breathing and quick-tiring being the least serious. Give each horse a definite allowance of hay, and never as much as he will consume. Feed regu- larly and uniformly. Plenty of oats and good hay will sup- ply energy and spirited action, but a horse is better nourished by several kinds of grain and forage plants than by one or two only. For horses which are out of the stable during the day and worked hard all grain, with the possible exception of oats, should be ground. For those at extremely hard work all grains should be ground and mixed with chaffed hay. For horses not working oats or corn should not be ground, nor need the hay or straw be chaffed. —It seems that chemists fail to find the stimulating principle in oats. On ac- count of their palatability itis claimed that some oats should be included in every ration. New oats are unfit for horse feed, it is said by some authorities, as they have a tendency to soften the horses, causing them to sweat easily. Next to oats, corn is the commonest grain for horses. It should be ground for working horses. It is best suited for animals at plain, steady work. In protein and carbohydrates barley lies between oats and corn, and has less oil than either. When the horses’ teeth | are good, and the work not hard, it may be fed whole. If ground it forms a pasty mass in the mouth. Wheat mixed with corn, oats or bran is superior to either alone for work- horses. Fed exclusively on wheat, horses are apt to go “off feed” and suffer other digestive derangements. Whole wheat has no advantage over the same weight of bran and shorts in the ration, but two parts ground wheat and one part bran make a good ration, fed with hay. The “bran mash,” made by scalding bran with hot water, is fed once or twice a week as a laxative in most countries. Lucerne is found to have a similar effect. Straw forms a feeding stuff much in- ferior to hay, but is generally regarded as well worthy of conservation against times of drought, when the more valuable feeds are scarce and dear. Mixed with molasses, straw chaff forms an excellent horse feed, and during drought many farmers were enabled to keep their work- ing horses in good condition in this way. ‘ Lucerne, both as pasturage and as hay and chaff, is extensively used in those parts where it is grown. Clover hay has much the same value as Lucerne hay—both are highly nitro- genous feeds, and are to be preferred as “roughage” when the grain used is rich in carbohydrates, but weak in protein, such as corn. Sorghum produces a coarse hay of high feeding value. The leaves of all varieties of sorghum form a bright, pala- table, nutritious hay, free from dust and very useful for feeding horses especially. Some silage may be fed to idle horses, but for working horses the amount must necessarily be limited because of its bulky, soft character. In time of drought silage—often the only feed readily and cheaply obtainable—may be used to form a portion of the ration, but it cannot be i i made the mainstay of horses, as can be done with cattle and sheep.
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