Deno dan Bellefonte, Pa., October 16, 1914. samen: THE SONG OF THE CAMP. “Give us asong!” the soldiers cried, The outer trenches guarding, : ‘When the heated guns of the camps allied Grew weary of bombarding. The dark redan, in silent scoff, Lay grim and threatening under: And the towney mound of Malokoff No longer belched its thunder. There was a pause. A guardsman said: “We storm the forts tomorrow; Sing while we may, another day Will bring enough of sorrow.” They lay along the battery’s side, Below the smoking cannon; Brave hearts from Severn and from Clyde And from the banks of the Shannon. They sang of love, and not of fame; Forgot was Britian’s glory; Each heart recalled a different name, But all sang “Annie Laurie.” Voice after voice caught up the song, Until its tender passion Rose like an anthem, rich and strong— Their battle eve confession. Dear girl, her name he dared not speak But asthe song grew louder, Something upon the soldier’s cheek Washed off the stains of powder. Beyond the darkening ocean burned, The bloody sunset’s embers, While the Crimean Valleys learned How English love remembers. And once again a fire of hell Rained on the Russian quarters, With scream of shot and burst of shell And bellowing of the mortars! And Irish Nora’s eyes are dim For a singer dumb, and gory; And English Mary mourns for him Who sang of “Annie Laurie.” Sleep soldiers still in honored rest; Your truth and valor wearing; The bravest are the tenderest— The loving are the daring. — Bayard Taylor. FROM INDIA. By One on Medical Duty 1n that Far Eastern Country. Just a Potpouri of Personal Experi- periences Which are Quite Interesting. JHANSI, SEPTEMBER 5th, 1913. Dear Home Folk: Ihave just been told that I should not write to you on Sunday. Well, I can’t just see why itis any more holy to exer- cise your tongue muscles than it is to use your fingers—and never have under- stood it—and don’t think I will stop writing to you on a Sunday, if I wish so to do, for these good “Mis.” will sit and chat or visit together by the day, but to write toa distance to somebody, Oh! that indeed is wrong. They have Sun- day-school with the patients on Sunday - morning and while they are at their de- votions I will sit on the side of the bed here in the hospital and write to you, for I still have some work to do and can’t go back to the bungalow. There is little to tell you this week ex- cept the regular routine and now-a-days I am too lazy to hunt extras. Yesterday I went out to play tennis at about five o'clock; all was bright and very pretty and I had a lovely time; but things change rapidly in this curious country. After a short hour two girls of us start- ed home and before we had ridden a block it started raining lightly—the first in two weeks—and you should have seen us sprinting for cover. It only rained ten minutes, but I think we got it nearly all and from being immaculately clean and starched looking, I resembled folks who had slept in their clothes. I just glanced up and oh, I wish you could see the motley crowd that forms the Sunday-school—Hindus, Mohamme- dans and Christians, and their clothes are just as diverse as their religion. The average christians try to keep their bod- . ies and clothes clean; but not so either of the other two classes. You find many truly who are ciean, but the general av- erage seem to revel in dirt, both in their food and on their person, and as the rains are very scarce this year and old resi- dents are saying that unless we get more very scon we will surely have a water famine, I don’t suppose that even we can be as careless of water as we have been and then woe betide the cleanliness of these others. I wish you could hear the “Bhajan” (tune) they are now singing; it is a curi- ous thing—coming back after only two lines, and the entire hymn is sung with- out a stop. It is the same that one hears in the bazaars or at a marriage festival, somewhat like a chant and used for any kind of a song; makes you think of ancient things, when perhaps the court singer was relating to the listening crowd the wonderful doings of the victor. I think I have said that, with perhaps one exception, I have not heard a single pret- ty voice among the Indians; all high pitched, nasal and thin and these “Bha- jan” seem to bring out all that is lack- ing in these voices, so wouldnt advise you to hasten to hear them in concert should the opportunity present itself. The Sunday school is over and so I am off to finish my Sunday morning jobs; not very hard ones for I try not to do any extras on Sunday, but just little things that must be done, and hope that by the next time I pick this up will have a lot more to tell you that will make this worth while. Wednesday night. Still the heat holds and the rain does not come to relieve the mugginess but I am so fully engross. - ed in making kaki bloomers that I don’t think of the weather, except when I at- tempt to write, then, as everything sticks, I must notice it is drippy kind of times. | | | mind as to what the present European { Work has been rather brisk this week but nothing interesting that I can tell | you about. | The clocks are just striking ten and they are one of the wonders of this place. : I have often counted ten or twelve strik- | ing at different times and no two of them ' ; are ever on time. Wake up when you i will, some clock will be striking an hour; ‘it is the funniest thing I ever knew of in | the time keeping way, yet it is easy to ; get up at five o'clock for, without fool- : ing, these clocks vary nearly three quar- ters of an hour and so, although long : past five, one will be still striking five | when you have finished your last forty | winks. Today I learned how careless one can : become about things you used to dread. {I was talking to Mrs. R., the matron, { when a little thud sounded and glancing | down saw a nice big, fat scorpion, tail | erect, lying at my feet. Neither of us became alarmed, merely got a stick and killed the thing, while going on with our conversation, and then glancing up to see where it could have come from, found too big, fat green lizzards had beén chas- ing it along the wall and having finally been cornered by them it had flung itself off of the wall at us. Last year I surely would have been a wee bit scared to have a scorpion within six feet of me; today, I looked at it as though it might be a fly. There were four children sitting on the stone veranda at our feet and it was for their sakes we were excited. Just now another interruption came; another woman ill and wishing me to go out to see her. They said she had not been ill for long but when questioned finally admitted she had been ill for two days and had had a native mid-wife look- ing after her, and now she was dying. Can you imagine anything more stupid; and also coming for one ateleven o'clock at night. ButI am going off to bed as they have gone to bring the woman to the hospital and if they do it will mean an all night job. That woman did not come, but I grieved not, as I had a whole night’s sleep and now I wonder whether she is dead or not. And now, to scold about native mid- wives. This past week we have had | three cases of the worst mal-treatment I | ever expect to see and it culminated last night when a poor woman young, and third child, was brought in after two days of horrible suffering. We were able to relieve her sufferings in less than an hour but the strain had been too much and both mother and child died a half hour later; and the brutal part was that neither the husband nor the mother seemed to care one whit what happened to her. At least I hope she is at peace. Oh, for an artist’s ability! Rembrandt would have found a picture worthy of his skill, with the high lights and deep shadows that he loved, in our ward last night. We use only lanterns and have jone good lamp with reflector; this of course, was turned on the patient, stretched straight and weary under a dark blanket, and .our Greek draped nurses with their bare-footed silence, moving in and out of the radiance like spirits, the ward dark (almost black) and only a sigh or deeper shadow indi- cating other patients. Although I was tired and provoked at the ineffectualness of our work, I could not help but enjoy the unusual look of it all. I sometimes think I am most trivial for I can’t help but enjoy, with one side of my nature, the oddness or beauty of certain scenes, although I know I ought to be too deep- ly interested in the medical side to even notice other things. (Continued next week.) Gifts Go Into Melting Pot. The gold and silver trinkets Philadelphia Suffragists have been collecting for the melting pot to help their case were tak- en to the United States mint, Philadel- phia, last week for amalgamation. The metal weighed a fraction more than 92 ounces. The collection included vanity boxes, bracelets, brooches, rings and pins; also some nuggets sent to Dr. An- na H. Shaw, president of the National Woman's Suffrage Association, by a min- er after he had heard her speak while she was on a western tour. A newsboy was left a fortune of $50,- 000.00. He at once began to buy dia- monds and horses, to spend his money in champagne suppers and other extrava- gances. Ina year or two he was a beg- gar. Young men spend the fortune of health in a similar manner. It seems boundless. They squander it in late hours, indigestible meals and other ex- cesses. Middle life finds them with their fortune gone. For those who have wast- ed health in extravagance there is no medicine so good as Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery. It strengthens the stomach, purifies the blood and gives strength to every nerve and muscle of the body. Remarkable Pedal Stop. The lowest pedal stop in existence has just been installed in a Lowell (Mass.) church. It is 128 feet long, and gives a note technically known as CCCCCC, vibrating only four times 8 second. The sound is so soft that it can hardly be heard, and yet so strong that it prevails against the heaviest chords. Er Ta—— —=To him that knoweth not the port to which he is bound, no wind can be favorable; neither can he who has not yet determined at what mark heis to shoot, direct his arrow aright. —]f you can give up the desire to be “something great,” and fel heartily willing to be just yourself as God would have you, you will be happy. EC re————— ——Be the master of your habits, or your habits will surely master you. .! arbitrament of war.” The Real Reasons for the Great War, Most people are in a confused state of conflict, which bids fair to be the most stupendous war of history, is all about. | Therefore, let me explain this first. i The war is about nothing at all. It is difficult to believe this. It is hard to realize that great statesmen, councils, i kings and diplomats are bringing on the ' most colossal disaster of all time, and ali for no reason. And that whole popula- , tions are boyoneting, sabering, shooting {and mutilating each other when they + have not the slightest cause of quarrel. ; But this is the fact. | What has the Bavarian brewer against the French shoemaker of Arles? And | what trouble is there between the : moujik of Russia and the farmer of Hun- gary, now stabbing at each other? ! “Busy as the devil is, not the slightest!” : - We must grasp the fact that people | move and think in masses. Like sheep, they follow the bellwether. All of the alleged causes are ridicu- | lously insignificant. It is absurd to sup- | pose that millions of men should fly at: lone another’s throats just because a | prince was assassinated or because Aus- | tria feared to lose some territory. Such | matters might easily be settled some | other way. The war is simply a panic, a mob mad- i ness; just as people crush each other to death trying to escape from a theater when someone cries “Fire!” WHAT CAUSED THE PANIC? | This European panic was caused by ! one thing, and only one. And that is the . existence of huge armies and navies. { Where each nation maintains a vast | armament, makes all of its youth spend | part of its vears in the army, builds forts I along the border, trains airmen to drop | bombs and keeps up a fleet of war-ships, | it only takes a trivial accident to bring on war. Wars are not fought for a reason. They are fought simply because States are ready to fight. In the treaty of peace, at the conclu- sion of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, not one word was said about the cause over which the war was supposed to have been waged! The crime of the world, therefore, is not war so much as it is militarism, which knows no bounds. TWO WORLD PARTIES. When the conflict is over, there are going to be two great parties. One will be for universal disarmament and the other for increased armament. The present riot of destruction will bring home to men’s minds the utter fol- ly of arnties as a means of preserving peace. We are witnessing the break- down of militarism. We will be forced to recognize that the only assurance of peace will be to quit making guns. So long as instruments of multiple death exist, just so long will the commerce and peaceful occupa- tions of men be threatened. Do not be deceived. The issue is plain. Never did the words of prophecy so stand out as now, in letters of fire: “They that take the sword shall perish by the sword.” States of America, as the leader of the world’s democracy, to cease increasing its belligerent navy, to disarm its forts and to appeal to all other nations to imi- tate its example. Some one nation must take the lead, and none is in a moré Tog- ical position to do this than is our own. THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD. In order to accomplish this, we must insist upon the federation of all nations into some sort of "unified world-govern- ment. The States of the world must unite somewhat as the separate States of our own Union are united. Each may have such self-government as it pleases, and be independent; but all international dis- putes must bereferred to a central court; and the sole army and navy of the world must be at the disposal of this court. Laer is no possible way out except this. There are two principles of world- government. One is empire, which means in a nutshell that each nation be prepar- ed to whip any or all other nations. This was the program of Julius Caesar and of Napoleon. This is the idea that may bring about the destruction of Germany. {It is wholly impracticable. It means a | war from time to time, wasting infinite lives and money. The other principle of world-govern- ment is federation, which means each nation minding its own business and set- tling international questions by a dele- gated body. BRUTALITY IS THE WEAPON. The war today, like all wars, is a gigantic crime of ignorance—ignorance of pride among the nobles, ignorance of enthusiasm among the commons. War always means someone has blundered. War is always proof of the impotent management of the governing class, Government is merely an affair of or- ganization, a machine to secure justice between man and man. Today Europe is trying to settle by the lowest brutality a question which demands the highest wisdom. : Superiority of artillery is supposed to determine what is right. The method is on a level with the trial by fire of the Dark Ages. To decide what is just the disputants are blowing up cities that are the result of generations of constructive effort, call- ing workmen from their tasks and having them pierced by bayonet and shredded by shrapnel, killing the women, and dash- ing the heads of their little ones against the wall. They are trampling down the | growing crops and leaving there the gory windrows of human bodies that are the harvest of war. Some other way! In this twentieth century human beings are deciding how they shall live and work together, or apart, by appealing torace hatred, by the measured massacre of great cannon and the Berrseker rage of maddened mobs. WAR’S STUPENDOUS IGNORANCE. What will happen at the last? A com- pany of diplomats will gather around a council table and arrange matters. Why could they not do this before the out- break of horror? Simply because all nations are under the delusion of mili- tarism. When great armies are kept up, bodies of men withdrawn from productive labor, impatient in idleness, lusting for war as their opportunity for efficiency, then war is inevitable. War is the out. breaking sore; militarism is the poison in the blood. Our shame is that we accept all this as inevitable, and talk big about “some ques- tions that can only be settled by the A certain number It is peculiarly the duty of the United ; of us even glory in the grandiose diabol- ; ism of it. . i War is magnificent, as the red Indian, | splashed with blood, his belt dangling with raw scalps, yapping and prancing in a barbaric dance, is magnificent. , War is grand and inspiring, but the ‘shouts and revelry of triumph smother the agony of mangled men and the! ; shrieks of heartbroken women. i So, while “the people imagine a vain thing,”” while ambassadors whisper and the war correspondents spread them- selves, all seems grand and gay, don’t forget that war is the proof of the im- : potence of civilization, the outward sign . of the inward ignorance and stupidity of i those who rule, the utter failure of those who govern the nations to grasp the first ! i elements of order and justice.—By Dr. | Frank Crane, in the Woman's World. , Key to Pronunciation of Places in War Zone. i Several readers have written to the Sun requesting the publication of a key to the pronunciation of some of the places mentioned frequently in the war despatches. In the following list an at- tempt is made to give as nearly as possi- ble the English equivalents of many of , the names. ’ It should be borne in mind, however, that it is impossible to indicate exactly the sounds employed in pronouncing the originals. For instance, the reader should not place too great stress on the ' nasal sounds suggested in some of the . names. The French and Belgian names in the list as a rule are accented equally on all syllables. To the American ear this will at first sound as though the last syllable were accented. Many of the Austrian names, on the other hand, are accented , on the first syllable. { Below will be noticed words marked “nasal.” To get the correct sound, for i instance, in the French word mon (my) it is pronounced as though spelled mawn, the n, however, not being sound- | ed, the word dying away with a nasal twang. It is as though the end of the ! word tried to get through the nose but { was choked off and stopped there. FRENCH AND BELGIAN. Aisne—Ayne. Aix-la-Chapelle—ex la shappel. Alsace—Al zasa. . Amiens—Am a en. Argonnes—Ar gon. Brabant-le-Roi—Bra bonn ie rwa (a short.) Cambral—Cam bray. Chalons—Chal lon (nasal.) Chantilly—Shan tee ee. Craonne—Kray on. Chateau Salins—Sha to sol an (nasal.) Chateau Thierry—Sha to tee ry. Campiegne—Com pe avne, Coulammiere—Cool a mee ay. Epernay—Ay pear nay. Epins—Ep e nai. Ghent—Ghan (nasal.) Liege—Lee ezh. Lierre—Lee yere. Loire—Loo are. Louvain—Loo van (nasal.) Luneville—Loon ay veel. Maubeuge—Mo burzh (r not sounded.) Meaux—Mo. Meurthe—Mert. Meuse—Merze (r silent.) Mezieres—May ze air. Mons—Mawngs (nasal.) Montdier—Mawng dee di ay (first syl- lable nasal.) Montfaucon—Mawng fo con (nasal). Nantes—Nawnt. Nanteuil—Nawnt tehyee. Oise—Was. Ourco—Ourk. Perenne—Pear ron. Pont-a-Mousson—Pon tah moos awn (nasal.) ; Rambervilliers—Rom ber veal yay. Raon I’Etape—Ray on lay tap. Revigny—Rey veen yay. Rheims—Rance (nasal). St. Die—San dee ay. St. Menehould—San many oold. St. Quentin—San kontan. Senlis—San lease. Seine—Sen. Sezanne—Sez ann. Soissons—Swas sohn (nasal). Somme—Sum. Suippe—Sweep. Termonde—Ter mond. Thiaucourt—Tee o koor. Toul—Tool. Valenciennes—Val on see en. Vervins—Vair can (nasal). Vesle—Vell. Vic-sur-Aisne — Vik {French u). . Ville-sur-Tourbe — Vil seer toorb (French u). Vitry-le-Francois— Vee tree le fran swah. seer ayne AUSTRIA HUNGARY. Grodek—Grow dek. Ravarusska —Rav a roos k. Halicz—Hal itch. Czernowitz—Chair no vitz. Przemysl—Pshem e sel (accent on first syllable). Tisza—tees sa. Tomaszow—Tom as hoff (second syl- lable). Jaroslav—Yar o slaff. Dniester—Dnes ter. Opole—0Op o la (second syllable). Turobin—Tur bin. Krasnostav—Kras no staff. Wisloka—Vis lok a. HOLLAND. Maastricht—Mas trict. BALKANS. Drina—Dreen a. Save—Sav a. Visegrad—Vish e grad. Sarajevo—Sar a yav o. Srebranica—Sra bran it za. RUSSIA. Kielce—Kiel ca. Kratsnoslav—Kras ni slaff. Change of Life. There are two great changes which come to women. The first is the change from girlhood to womanhood. The sec- ond marks the the termination of the period alloted to maternity. During both these periods of change there is need of care. Almost always Nature needs some help in the re-adjustment of the physical functions. Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescrip- tion gives to Nature just the help she needs in these crises. It heals diseases of the delicate organs, nourishes the nerves, and increases physical vitality and vigor. It relieves the aches and pains common at such times and induces a healthy condition of body, which gives a natural appetite and refreshing sleep. There is no alcohol in “Favorite Pre- scription,” and it is absolutely free from opium, cocaine and all other narcotics. It males weak women strong, sick wom- en well, FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN DAILY THOUGHT. There is a time in every man’s education when | he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignor- i ance; that imitation is suicide that he must take i himself for better or worse, as his portion; that though the wide universe is full of good, no ker. nel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground | which is given him to till. Trust thyself; every { heart vibrates to that iron string.—R. W. Emer- son. This appears to be a season when good taste rules, so far as millinery is con- i cerned. There is very little of the bizarre or the outre, and the models might be i classified under two heads and ranged either with the smart or the picturesque. The forbidden plumage is here, and | their old beauty and without the neces- i sity of the singeing of gilding or stripping that helped to carry them past the cus- toms a year ago. Black seems to predominate rather than the colors, and velvet to take pre- i cedence of the other materials of which hats are fashioned or made. While there is distinct elegance in hay- ing the hat match the gown in color, there is the practical value of the black hat to make it desirable, for it can be worn with different gowns of opposite colors. i The perference for velvet one year and not another must come from sheer fickle- i ness of heart, for it is doubtful if felt or | velours or silk or satin can ever be quite so becoming as the velvet hat. The Little Corporal, the tricorne, the Scotch bonnet, the Russian turban and the pot hat are the names by which we know the smaller hats. The cannotier includes many of the wide-brimmed hats, and the picture hat perhaps includes the rest. recognize this last as belonging among the present-day models, for the shape of the crown and the width and the tilt of the brim are just what they have been many times before. : It isa style of hat that is very suscep- tible to the attentions of the amateur. To sit before a mirror and to place the trimming where it is most becoming is almost certain to produce the most effect- ive hat. For some strange reason few women possess soft, white and prettily rounded elbows, yet this defect is due in great part to carelessness. A good scrubbing of the elbow with a stiff bristle nail brush using green soap and warm water, is the beginning of the treatment to improve the elbow’s appearance. Follow the cleansing with massage, rubbing in cocoa butter or a good massage cream. In mas- saging the elbow or any part of the arm, clasp it firmly with the hand when the motion is backward and forward, rather than up and down. A very simple bleach to apply to the arms is plain washing starch. After the arms have been washed in warm water and before they are dry, rub the starch on, allow to dry five minutes and rinse with cool water. The skin is left smooth and white. There is frequently a peculiar tendency in the skin along the elbow to show a nutmeg-graterlike hardening of the epi- dermis. If the case be a mild one, some- times rubbing lightly with a pumice,stone after cleansing the skin is sufficient to remove it. However, a more efficacious method of doing away with it is to scrub the surface twice a day, using a nail brush and green soap, followed with a massage of cocoa butter or massage cream. When the horny growth persists, green soap should be smeared on thickly and rubbed in with a nail brush, after which it is bound on with a muslin ban- dage, remaining bound on for two to three hours a day. Then the arm is scrubbed off, and rinsed with warm water. If the soap application proves too irritating, remove it within an hour. Massage with a skin food cream of which lanolin is an ingredient should follow.— Woman's World. : i The accessories of dress are always important, but it is impossible to be smartly garbed at the present day with- out modish neckwear. There is a bewildering array of collars from which to chuose. The collar of stiff linen or pique, the hand-embroider- ed collar of fine linen or mulle or batiste and the sheer organdie collar are all pre- sented in new forms. And they are all so attractive that the average woman would like to make a clean sweep and purchase them all. One of the forms that the new collars have taken is strongly reminiscent of the old-fashioned stock. Itturns down over a high neckband and fits closely at the back. : In front, however, it departs from the original stock and opens above a V. Re- veres that flare are attached to the collar and a row of ornamental buttons holds them together. A collar that encloses the throat, but flares outward in front, is hemstitched, but otherwise untrimmed. : There is a suggestion of the stock in the appearance of this collar, too, and rumor has it that throats are to be tight- ly swathed again. : It is one of the fashion notes that will apparently fail to strike home, for new forms of the collar with the open V ap- pear on every side, and it is only at the back that the majority of them are high. French embroidery and eyelet work are used on the mulle and fine linen col- lars, and the bit of handwork gives the indefinable something, the “je ne sals quoi,” that spells the refinement of style. Plaiting is used to develop several of the collars that have pleased the public. There is the one that stands quite erect and the one that turns down over a neck band. In both instances the plaiting making a ruffle that is graceful and that also gives a soft line, much more becoming to many faces than the straight and severe outline of 2 straight edge. : The distinctive note of the standing collar that flares widely is the very be- coming background for the head that it makes. The open V neck is much more becom- ing as a rule than either ithe high collar or the round neck. ; If one really stops to think, it would seem that we are in bondage to the French mandate. In the matter of the V neck blouse at least the majority of American women are living up to their convictions. —If you always want to have the best take the WATCHMAN and you'll have it. ostrich feathers are used again in all: It is only by some detail that we can ' FARM NOTES. —A 200-bushel yield of potatoes per acre, removes from the soil 46 pounds of nitrogen, 21 pounds of phosphoric acid and 74 pounds of potash. —The farm that is the most productive is the farm on which are the greatest number of live animals and on which the manure is all saved and applied. —High feeding, unless the horse is used heavily every day, is a positive in- jury. Exercise and pure air are as es- sential to the development of a good ani- mal as food. —A remedy for warts on cattle is an- nounced by Prof. Cottrel, of Kansas. The remedy is nothing but castor oil rubbed well into the wart twice daily for a period of one or two weeks. | —When American farmers evidence a disposition to respect what science is pa- tiently doing for them, and become more studious and intelligent, they will make more money with their farm animals. —Fewer acres, better cultivation and more system in marketing products would greatly increase the profits cn many farms. Our experience teaches us that it is poor judgment to attempt to cultivate too much land. —On the farm the brood mares are needed in the spring to help along with the farm work. Breeding them to drop their colts in the fall will enable the farmer to secure considerable more work with them in the spring than if they foal in the spring. —The milk pails should always be covered and never allowed to stand open in.the barnyard. A failure to do this : may cause your milk to be contaminated. ! many dairymen cover their pails with cheese-cloth while they are milking and milk through the cloth. —After the calves begin to thrive upon the skim milk and grain diet get them to . eating tender bits of clover or alfalfa ‘hay and eating dry wheat, bran and ground oats. The little roughage and | dry grain helps digestion, prevents ear- sucking and adjusts their stomachs to handling grass and forage. —How to prevent the dissemination of dangerous weeds is a hard nut to crack. | Nearly all the seed that is sold contains more or less seed of bad weeds. In fact, {it is hard to get seed that is not so in- i fested. One factor that would help in | this matter is the keeping of sheep on j each farm. Sheep and goats are weed- | eaters and get fat on them. | —Too much emphasis cannot be laid upon the need of destroying the waste , apples. Collect and feed to the cows or | hogs. In these early-dropped apples will {be found the worms, and to prevent | similar. visits next year destroy them now. If the grounds are so arranged that hogs or cows can be turned in for a | few hours each day they will save the trouble of picking up the fruit. —The bull should be exercised to keep him in good heart and vigor. Coddling and stuffing breeding animals and giving them no exercise is the surest way to ruin them. There is a fatness that indi- cates a good healthy condition, but what- ever is in excess of this is a detriment. Some breeders put their bulls on a tread power and make them do some useful work. One dairyman in California uses his bull to operate his milking machine. —Crimson clover (also known as scarlet clover. Italian clover, German clover, etc.) deserves a much more ex- tensive use by the American farmer than is given it. As a hay plant, if properly cut and cured, it is claimed to be superior to red clover. It is richer in protein, its nutritive ratio being between 1.3-5 and 1.4. It is especially adapted to growing stock and work horses. As a soil binder and cover crop during fall, winter and spring it cannot be over- estimated. Especially on lands subject to washing and leaching, the loss is very great when no living crop occupies the ground. : As a soiling crop crimson clover ranks high. At the New Jersey State Experi- mental Station an acre yielded 2934 pounds of digestible food. =~ The green forage contained 17 per cent. more pro- tein than red clover, and 59 per cent. more than rye. A Green Manure Crop.—One of the most important uses of crimson clover is as a green manure crop. Its season of growth is such thatit can be used without interfering with the production of the primary crop of.grain or vege- tables, affording a large amount of fer- tilizing material. At the New Jersey Station a crop of ; matured crimson clover, cut the latter (part of May, weighed green 37,976 | pounds, and there was a fertilizing value | equal to $36, estimated at market prices for commercial fertilizers. A crop six inches high contained in the whole plant 104 pounds of nitrogen per acre; when 13 inches high it contained 168 pounds; in bloom, 190 pounds—hav- ingla value of over $30, equivalent to the nitrogen contained in 20 tons of city ma- nure. When a heavy crop of crimson clover is turned under it decays more rapidly, and is less likely to “burn” the soil than a heavy crop of cowpeas turned under. In Delaware one dollar’s worth of crim- son clover per acre was sown in a corn- field. The next spring the crop of clover was plowed down and the land planted to corn. An adjoining plot that had been in tomatoes the previous year was planted to corn at the same time. Part of this plot was top-dressed with nitrate of soda, costing one dollar ver acre, . The tomato plot yielded 24 bushels of shelled corn per acre; the tomato plot, with nitrate of soda, yielded 30 bushels, and the plot manured with crimson clover yielded 48 bushels. One dollar invested in nitrate of soda increased the crop six bushels; the same amount invested in crimson ciover seed made 24 bushels increase of crop—just double the bushels where neither the soda nor the clover were used, and four times as much increase as the nitrate of soda made. It uses the land between seasons— during fall, winter and early spring, and in no wise interferes with summer Crops. Sown in August c- September, it checks the growth of m: ny fall weeds, and, as has been said, uses much fertility that would otherwise be wasted by blowing, or washing, holding it in organic form, to be given up for future plant food as the clover decays. Where a good stand is secured the clover usually has the ground covered with a green growing mat before the ground freezes. A —— eis
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers