Dems tan, | Bellefonte, Pa., July 24, 1914. E——— HERE AND NOW. Here in the heart of this world, Here inthe noise and the din, Here where our spirits were hurled To battle with sorrow and sin. This is the place and the spot, For knowledge of infinite things; This is the kingdom where Thought Can conquer the prowess of kings. Wait for no heavenly life, Seek for no temple alone; Here in the midst of the strife Know what the sages have known. See what the Perfect One saw, God in the depths of each soul; God asthe Light and the Law, God as beginning and goal. Earth is one chamber of heaven, Death is no grander than birth, Joy in the life that is given, Strive for perfection on earth, Here in the turmoil and roar, Show what it is to be calm; Show how the spirit can soar, And bring back its healing and balm. Stand not aloof or apart, Plunge in the thick of the fight; There in the street and the mart, There is the place to do right. Not in some cloister or cave, Not in some kingdom above; Here on this side of the grave, Here should we labor and love. —Ella Wheller Wilcox. THE FOREMAN’S COMPLIMENT. Parway’s name was called in such stentorian tones that Sellers, on the next bench, started like a man roused from sleep. “My!” he murmured, with a breath of relief, “I thought that was the conductor calling my street.” Parway, however, was not open just now to humorous suggestion. He saw that the foreman of the carpenter shop wanted to call him to account for a bad job. A laborer accompanying the boss was piling up a heap of square wooden pipes made for dyehouse ventilators. “They are like some of the workmen around here,” the foreman scathingly rebuked, “they don’ fit their places.” Parway quickly perceived that they had been made ten inches square on the out instead of the inside, and were there- for too small. Meekly he flipped his rule shut and stuck it into his back- pocket, while he took his medicine. He was sure he himself had not made the mistake. The saw man had blundered; or maybe the boy who did the nailing had carried the order wrong. At any rate it would be hard to place the blame fairly now. Parway didn’t try. “Ever notice,” Sellers queried, when the flushed young fellow came back to work beside him, “how you get compli- mented for your mistakes while your good points pass without any faultfind- ing?” : Parway’s scorched face showed the faintest smile as he absently debated with himself the suggested injustice. It did seem sometimes as if superiors re- membered to rebuke and forgot to com- - mend. But the foreman had come back hasti- ly to leave some instructions with Par- way. The carpenter shop was only an adjunct of a woolen factory an eigth of a mile long. The august manager of the great textile works wanted a mechanic in his pattern room at five o'clock pre- cisely, after the speed stopped. The foreman had selected Parway, who nod- ded his understanding of the fact that the manager was a stickler for nunctu- ality. Meantime there was another job on hand and Parway proceeded with the business of whetting a chisel. The ir- repressible Sellers past him. “Don’t know what the boss was warn- ing you about,” the red-haired teaser drawled, with a friendly poke in the ribs, “but I hope you told him you would take good care not to let it happen.” Delving into the bench drawer for a screwdriver Parway mentioned the fact that he had a conference scheduled for five o'clock with the manager. “He may not say anything about lay- ing you off,” Parway quizzed, “but if he does, and you will promise never to talk any more. I'll do what I can for you.” A few minutes later Parway was out on the lonely roof top of a mill building. The plumbers had just finished making repairs to the piping of a big water tank. One of the two wooden doors of the tank was in need of patching and a hinge doc- tored. A ladder was necessary to reach the working point, for the cylinder was over twelve feet in height. Climbing carefully to its edge Parway could seea few inches of water swirling down on the dark bot- tom. A gurgling sound told him that the tank was fast being refilled. The first operation was to remove the hingss from the hatch. One was broken and the other was so nearly rusted through that it had been ordered re- placed, after the wide piece of a board which carried the screws had been duly made good. Parway hurried. The love of his work influenced him for one thing, and he was under orders to ease up a sticking door in the finisher’s room before the boss finisher’s temper went to pieces. The good nature of the stout boss was so fragile that Parway believed he couldn't get at the job too soon. And, above all, he was complacent over the commission to execute some work for the manager, who, busily nervous always, was exceedingly particular as to the quality of men assigned to his per- sonal needs. Considering the older and more experienced men in the crew Par- way felt elated that he had been called “I'll be there so exactly on the dot, too,” the youth grinned, “that the man- ager will think the big five o’clock whis- tle blew his door open.” The rusty screws of the hatch cover yielded with some difficulty to the screw- driver. While they came out slowly, making a mouse-like squeak, Parway imagined himself doing the manager’s job with such expedition and genius as literally to amaze the good chief. By the time the door came loose he fancied him- self engaged as consuiting engineer of the mills. Then he climbed back on the ladder. The hatch was small, but a heavy thing to steer on a shaky foothold. Parway’s purpose was to lift it down to the roof where he could work more handily, and put the patch in. With one knee on the edge of the tank he lifted the lid away from the resting strips. ln HOR EOI Intent on his work he was a trifle for- | getful of the ladder. When it gave a i a little, under the strain of his foot, the : battened door in his hand slipped. Events | followed in quick succession. Fearful of | dropping his burden to the roof and | thence to the alleyway, where, stories | below, it might kill or maim somebody, | Parway made a spasmodic effort to hoid | it back. The too energetic motion sent! the ladder from under his feet and threw | him forward. The door was jerked from ' under his hand, and, as it obstinately slid | to the roof, Parway himself tumbled head : first into the water tank. : There was not enough water in the! big barrel to break his fall. His head | struck and, for some seconds at least, he | lay dazed, huddled up in eight or nine | inches of water with only his lips out. Slowly he regained his wits. He had ; no notion then of how long he had been | unconscious, and he did not think to look at his watch. Sitting up, weak and trembling, he slipped a soothing hand up to the bump on his head. “Ugh!” he muttered, ruefully, “If I were a hippopotamus I might appreciate se, rE. . ss’spt!” Hap- pening to glance in just the right direc- | tion he squarely faced a gurgling spout | of water from the pipe high up. The mocking squirt from the faucet choked him. As yet he had not thought of any diffi- culty in getting out of his predicament, but now, as he slowly clambered to his feet, he began to realize the gravity of his position. The top of the tank was too far off to reach by a jump. He tried it, justto see what he could do. But he fell far short. And in the jump he drop- ped something, without immediately looking to see what it was. If the end of the spouting pipe had : projected into the tank he might have! flung something over it and pulled him- | self up. But it didn’t project; and even ! if he had reached the top there it would | only have brought his head up against a | solidly nailed roof. He thought of his knife and the possi- | bility of using that in some way to cut | steps or dig his way out. But when he felt in his pocket he remembered that he | had left the tool sticking in the roof out- ' side the tank. ! To throw things out with the hope of ! attracting attention was useless. Every- | thing he threw would drop on the roof, | because the opening was only on that! side. And to shout for aid was equally | futile. It was doubtful whether anyone | could have heard his muffled voice, even | after the machinery was stopped. As it | was now the ears of all were filled by | the roar of many wheels. | “Wow!” this is a mess,” he muttered, | a little real dread taking possession of | him. “No chance of a policeman ever | coming by, not even the likelihood of a tramp looking for a place to sleep—or take a bath Some day, when I've been missed long enough--” but he shook himself free from the gruesome thought and set his wits working again. He took off his overallsand tried sling- ing them up through the opening to catch on some possible projection along the edge of the tank. But it was profitless labor. He recalled, with disappointment, the fact that the eaves of the roof ended smooth with the sides of the tank. He wondered now what time it was. I'll be late for supper first thing I know,” he reminded himself, drawing heavily on his surplus stock of cheer. Feeling for his watch he discovered it was not in its place. Then he recol- lected that something had dropped when he jumped. A search with hands and shuffling feet on the bottom of the tank brought the silver timepiece to light. It was waterlogged, and, of course, had stopped. “That's an outrage,” he grumbled, “when I have an engagement to meet the manager at five o'clock. I'd like to know how fast this water runs in. They ought to have a graduated scale and a clock here for just such emergencies.” There was water enough now to reach above Parway’s knees, at any rate. The imprisoned mechanic could only make a guess at the time from that. While he rested a moment he figured, in a crude way, that it must be after four o’clock. He thought of instructions to present himself promptly at the manager’s door. His humor flickered again. “This is a jealous trick of that Sellers. He knew about my engagement; he push- ed me in.” But that was nearly the last of Par- way'’s levity. He began to feel something like terror. It was late in autumn, though unusually warm. The water gave him no especial discomfort while he exer- cised; but in the course of an hour, darkness would fall. The tank would fill long before midnight, and meantime it was the most unlikely thing in the world that anyone should come up on the roof. In his panic, as he thought of these things, he began to splash around the tank; but, realizing the folly of wasting his nerve force, he stopped,leaned against the side and tried to think. He had nothing with which to hoist a signal through the opening, and it would not have been seen anyway. Only a window or two of the rag room commanded the view, and those windows were blocked ! by stored bags. He took off his shoes. With thes, his overalls, and with everything he could impress into service, he made a long rope. Tossing the shoes lightly out over the edge he let them slide down the out- side. Drawing them in and letting them out, with anxious care and hopefulness, he strove to make his rope catch on something. And at last it did catch; it held! Parway almost undid his good work when a whoop of delight twitched his hand. At one time there had been spikes driven into the side of the bigtub for a ladder, such as is seen on telegraph poles. Parway joyfully recalled that a stub of one spike remained; and he had hook- ed it. Carefully, O so carefully! he tested his improvised rope; and then slowly, so slowly, he drew himself up. His heart seemed to climb faster than himself, such was his eagerness. Inch by inch, a half inch at a time, he mounted. He neared the top, loathfully as it were so fearful was he of failure. His eyes for a mo- ment seemed to pop out of his head. Six inches to go for a grab! Five, four, three, two, one. And then he grabbed! But something broke. His fingers missed, slipped, and scraped. Half his rope stay- ed outside, and he fell back with a yell of mingled horror and rage. He was upright instantly, and finding himself circled to his waist by the rising water, beat the sides of the tank with bare hands to free his soul of over-intense feeling. And while he was beating there came to his ears a faint, heavy, gurgling sound of steam escaping from a whistle. The throbbiug, repressed power burst suddenly into a clear, far-reaching note — a of immense volume. Over the din of tons of machinery, to every operative in the mills and to thousands in addition, it told the story of five o’clock come round once more. Save for a few persons who could work without power, the factory would be emptied of human beings in a few minutes. Parway could have set himself down and cried, without knowing whether he cried for the fate that menaced him or because he failed to keep his appoint- ment. But there was no place to sit down. The water reached to where his vest pockets would have been if the vest had been on him instead of outside the tank. He leaned against the side of the tank, framing his face in his arms. But he was gritting his teeth, not crying. Turning around after awhile he eyed the climbing flood with sulleness. In two hours at most he would have to swim for another hour before he could hope to be high enough so that perhaps a fling would cast him up to the opening. That two hours might be endured; but the hour of swimming would be well nigh impossible. If it were not for his strength at the end would be so far gone that he could not fling himself. Already it was sundown. Every min- ute now would make it darker and in- crease his difficulty of putting plans into operation. Just at present he had no plan. But as he leaned against the soggy wooden tank he heard a distant call. It was perhaps ten minutes after five. He listened, hallooed and listened again. The call was repeated; it was his own name, and the cry was kept up insistently until one of his answering hails was heard, and there came back the welcome, “All right, coming!” Then Parway felt the tears almost coming—with joy. But he brushed his eyes roughly as he heard the ladder run up outside. The foreman peered down a moment later and, sitting astride the tank edge, passed the ladder from the out to the inside. “How in the world,” the foreman de- manded, as Parway, reaching the roof, darted for his clothes, “did you explode?” Parway did not answer. He suddenly discovered that the manager was with the foreman. The young carpenter, pull- ing a trouser leg over a dripping limb, hastened to apologize for his failure to keep the five o’clock appointment. While the chief's forgiveness smiled forth the foreman explained that Parway’s defec- tion had been communicated to him at one minute after five. “I told Mr. Conway,“ he said, with a note of pride, “that if you had not put in an appearance right on the minute something had happened to you.” “And I said,” the manager broke in, “that that was a very great compliment. I came along to see for myself whether it was justified.”’—Selected. Dr. Surface and the Caterpillar in Pennsylvania. I am sorry to have to say that there is no special legislation against caterpillars in this State, and no organized effort for their destruction. The time has not yet come that the people have asked for this, but you may be sure that when they do ask for it it will come. I have for years advocated more stringent efforts in re- gard to destruction of pests. Personally, I believe in compulsory spray laws, the destruction of seedling and worthless trees, and other horticultural sanitary methods, even more than are required by the present laws of New York, Connecti- cut, Ohio, and other States, but I have not felt it my duty to force such legisla- tion contrary to popular opinion, espe- cially as I would be one of the persons in charge of the execution of such laws while I am in this office. Ido not hesi- tate about helping to execute the law, but in so doing it is necessary to have public sentiment in favor of such legisla- tion in order to meet with satisfactory results. I already have too much to do to take up a serious pest warfare under legislation that the public has not yet at- tempted, however important it may be. I can assure you that for the advance- ment of horticulture and forests in this State, I should be glad to see certain definite laws passed in the next Legisla- ture, and believe this will be done. When citizens become interested and realize as do I the importance of greater activity in regard to pest suppression, there will be not only legislation but a popular move- ment in this direction. It really is each man’s moral duty to spray his own pests, and he should do this. He can be made to do so under legislation without very considerable ex- pense, and detailed State supervision is quite a question. If persons interested have any plans, or proposed legislation to offer in this re- gard, I am sure that the authorities rep- resenting the administration, as well as their Legislators, will be glad to hear from them on such an important topic. Derivation of the Dollar Mark. The origin of the sign $, as represent- ing the unit of our money system, has long been the subject of discussion and not a little doubt. It has been variously accounted for, the derivations generally advanced; 1. A combination of the letters U.S. After the adoption of the Federal Con- stitution these initials were prefixed to the Federal currency, and, ac- cording to many who have given study to the subject, the two letters were simply run together so as to make the magic §, the loop of the U disappear- ing in the operation. 2. An adaptation or modification of 8s. 8d., once used to denote a piece of eight reals, or, as a dollar was then call- ed, a piece of eight. 3. A form of H. S., which was used to mark the Roman unit of money. 4. A contraction of P. and S., used in Poshish accounts to indicate peso (dol- ar. 5. A device formerly seen on the re- verse of a Mexican Pillar dollar (a Spanish coin,) representing the Pillars of Hercules, connected by a scroll display- ing the words plus ultra. 6. A contraction of the Spanish “fuertes” (hard,) to distinguish the silver or hard dollar from paper money. In all of these cases it must be admit- ted that there is no little speculation, and up to this time there is no prospect that the question will ever be definitely settled. The student of the subject can take his choice, and doubtless will be able to find some kind of authority for any one of these diverse explanations— Selected. ~——The WATCHMAN enjoys the proud distinction of being the best and cleanest county paper published. FROM INDIA. By One on Medical Duty in that Far Eastern Country. A Hockey Match. Wild Automobile Ride. Troublesome Servants and a Native’s Letter of Thanks, JHANSI, JUNE 9th, 1913. Dear Home Folk: Here it is late in the week and even now I can work up no interesting thing to write about. Some weeks there seems to be so many things I can just touch on them, then again a bad bare space comes when I attempt to write an interesting letter. This morning Dr. H’s schools across the road are having a hockey match. I wish you could hear the shouts and howls, reminds me of the College. It’s their last days of school and they started at 6.30 this morning with fire crackers and now, at nine o'clock, the hockey match is in full swing. They are to have a treat after it is over and I can well im- agine that many viands would have to be prepared or one of those kiddies would sure go hungry, for I find no differ- ence between the eating capacity of boys : in America and those of India, especially after a game in the open air. One drinks unaccountable lots of water here and it’s the one thing that you don’t tire of. I do wish the food would be as easily dispos- ed of; how I tire of eating, but have de- cided it’s one of the necessary evils of this world so put up with it. The height of absurdity in my experi- ence was reached the other day. I had. put on my lavendar dress and white shoes, with a white hat, and had gone across to call upon Mrs. H., when one of the servants came hurriedly along to tell me that Mr. Johnson's (English name, but Mohammedan) car was waiting for me. He is a native shop-keeper, who recently bought one of the most up-to-date cars in this place. Well, after finishing my | call, I went down the road to the gate and found a big gray car waiting for me. In I got and told them to drive me to the : hospital. That crazy Mohammedan | chauffeur started to back that car clear ! around to the hospital, which is at least a block and a half away. Down a big hill we started backward and nearly went ' into a headlong collision with an im- mense camel carrying two men, but for- | tunately the camel had more sense than my driver and turned tail and stampeded from us. I wanted to howl but it was unwise so instead scolded, and told the man I would get out and walk. He then | decided he could go the other way just as easily, so away we flew. After get- | ting my nurse we, with our Gabriels! trumpet sounding continuously, started on a mad drive, and you would have | smiled: A Mohammedan driver, two lit- | tle Mohammedan children sitting beside | him, brilliant in yellow and pink silk | shirts and red caps much embroidered in i silver; a Hindu child with immense “pu- ! gri” of white and white clothes, my brown nurse in her simple white dra- | pery, and myself (an American) in an | afternoon dress, all in a very up-to-date | English car. Can you imagine the pic- | ‘ture? The child was very ill and we | brought him into the hospital where, I am thankful to say, he is improving. | Today the sun decided to hide behind some clouds and then, just when we were sleeping, the worst storm of the | season came up; all sand and wind. I! can well imagine what a tornado is like | after our storm today; but it has cooled the air nicely and tonight one is comfort- able. It seems that no two summers are | the same even in India. I am hoping | that all these storms won’t affect the big i rains, ‘cause that spells famine in this! world. | On last Sunday our “behrer” decided | he was tired of working and so when asked “why he had not lighted the! lamps” he became sulky and discharged himself, and when on Monday evening I | gave him the privilege of coming back : he refused; today he is dogging my steps | like my shadow, not realizing that such | actions only make me the more disgust- ed and on no account would I take him back, at least for the two months I am | to be alone. There is a second little chap here who is a jewel, and I am glad to have him as the servant-in-chief, and | hence I guess the older man had better be on the lookout for another place. It: seems to be the habit in India that old servants grow worse instead of better. | They think that they become indispensi- ble to their employers and so start to take liberties that may work well with a mere man, who can’t look out for him- i self, but not in this house of three fe- | males. In one way I am sorry for them, | but they must remember that they have ! grown up and are no longer little chil-! dren. i I have invited some people to tennis and tea tomorrow afternoon and I wish I had some one here to tell me some- thing nice to make for refreshments, for you know entertaining is not my long suit,;and I can only give them sandwich- es, cake and ice-cream, and it will proba- bly be cool, and all this won't taste a bit | good; but don’t know of anything that wouldftaste better. Speaking of eating, I want to tell you that the average Indian spends mighty little time on eatables and eating. You should see a whole family sitting on our hospital veranda, with a “lota” of water i between them, a little rice and a few “chapati” (hand-made pan cakes) in a | rag, and this is their meal, not a thing | more and many times not even rice. il truly wonder how they live and keep | going on their food; but I guess that is | the reason that one could study anatomy snp ‘ery by our prayers. . Ram Sai will alse send her a Jetter. in this country without going into a school; in fact all the poor, thin bones seem to need a lot of covering and only scrawny muscles are in evidence, with the brown, dry skin stretched over these, and wrinkles are a thing to be expected, even in the babies. The following is a copy of a letter written by the man who. was recently married to one of our nurses, a descrip- tion of the wedding having been publish- ed a few weeks ago He wishes to ex- press his regret of Miss McL’s recent ill- ness, as well as his appreciation of the arrangements made by us, through which he obtained his wife. NAINPUR, C. P- 13—V—13 Kind Mem Sahibji: I am much thankful that you have in- formed the news of Miss McL that she was ill with fever and now she is getting better. May God give her fully recov- Indeed we were thinking that she might become ill that she was only a Lady for our arrange- ments at the marriage time, only herself have taken all the burden and troubles from our sides. So God will give her best reward of our troubles, as he is on- ly our mans and nothing else in wosld he become utmost sorrow to hear this ili- ness. She just went to pray for her dear Mother to manifest the matter before our Saviour, and hope God will surely hear the prayer of her. Thank you of your advicing to Ram Sai her heart some what seems to be constant now. But she will consider the advice in her mind to rest assure for fu- ture. I like her very much that she is quite and humble wife I have in this life to obey and to do every thing of home and loving of God, such I wanted and found her. I am unbounded thankful of Almighty God to fresh my life again in the world once more. Now my kind respect to you and Miss McL. sahiba. Ram Sai sending you also salam and kind regard to Miss sahiba. Yours most obdtly, J. B. M. (Continued next week.) Modern Surgeon Operates, and the Results Have Been Satisfactory Almost Beyond Belief. There seems to be no limit to the wonderful things modern surgery can accomplish. Recently Dr. Francis Stewart of Philadelphia reported five cases in which he had been obliged to sew up the heart after stab wounds. All the patients recovered. One of them lived for five years and then succumber to pulmonary tuberculosis. The difficulties of this operation eall for wonderful technique and skill. Clots are liable to form and when swept into the circulation the patient dies as if shot through the brain. Constant motion of the organ calls for a quick eye and rapid, steady work. It is interesting to note that at the present time one-half of all such cases coming into the hospitals are saved. A Parisian surgeon restored heart action in a case of actual death. The patient was killed by an automobile. Believing that someth®ng could be done the surgeon ordered the patient to be put upon the operating table half an hour after death had been pro- nounced. The chest cavity was open- ed in 50 seconds. A pint of blood was found in the heart sac from a wound in the heart muscle two and a Ralf inches long. This blood was removed, the heart was sewn up, and massage was begun. In a few minutes the pulse was felt at the wrist. The heart continued to beat more than half an hour and then stopped. It was found at autopsy that injuries to other or- gans had been too great for recov- ery, which would have been certain had the heart alone been involved. ENDED SUPREME COURT LEAK Legal Body Forced to Take Precau- tions for the Safeguarding of Its Decisions. “Yes, it is true that supreme court decisions leaked in the old days,” re- marked on old-time Wall street broker. “lI remember a certain important suit about 20 years ago. It was the great case of those days, as big in its way as the Standard Oil and Tobacco suits of recent date. A week before the de- cision came down the son of one of the judges came into my office, and I told him that of the nine judges, one would decide ‘so and so,” one would re- frain from any opinion, and the re- maining seven would make a decision ‘so and so. “He smiled and went away. Short- ly after the decision was rendered, and the matter had turned out as I had foretold, this young man came back to the office. He said his father was greatly worried over the leak in the court, and asked me if I could help them trace the source of my informa- tion. I told him what I knew. That one of the official supreme court stenographers had been selling ad- vance copies of the decisions to a very prominent broker of that time. What this broker paid for his information I, of course, do not know; but it was established that I was correct as to where the weak spot was in the court. “Since then every decision of the supreme court has been written in long hand (one copy), thus making it absolutely impossible for an outsider to get the news in advance. This ex- plains, in part, why it now takes so long for the court to announce its de- cisions.” “Why won't you buy something at my table?” demanded the girl at the chari- ty fair. “Because I only buy from the homely girls,” said the man. They have a hard- er time making sales.” The girl was not offended, and he worked this right down the line. us ———— FARM NOTES. —The gooseberry does best in partial shade—the east side of a clump of trees or a building is fine for it. —The poultryman should aim to have something to sell every time he goes to town. There will always be a good de- mand for fresh killed poultry and good eggs. Quite likely an excellent private trade can be established, as people like to know exactly what they are buying. —Bites and stings are common misfor- tunes. The bite of a dog, even when the animal is perfectly healthy, is at- tended with some danger. Physicians say that a healthy dog that snaps only in a moment of irritation will not often cause serious trouble. But there is aj. ways the doubt to make one uncom- fortable. —The tender nature of the young alfalfa plant makes a well-prepared seed bed necessary. The root of the young plant strikes down immediately, and it will be seriously injured if it strikes a layer of dry, loose soil at the bottom of an old furrow, or if the ground has many hard, unbroken clods in it. A very good plan is to let the ground settle for a few weeks before seeding. It is also im- portant that the preparation of the ground be uniformly good, as the poorly prepared spots are likely to fail, and these bare places will form centers from which weeds will spread and perhaps in- jure the entire field. —The peach crop of South Jersey promises to be the largest in its history. The trees are remarkably thrifty looking, and are heavily loaded with fruit. The Alberta variety is grown most extensive- ly for market, with the Carmen a close second. On the farm of W. H. Park- hurst, at Hammonton, nearly 90 acres are devoted to peaches, while on the farm ot Henry Measley, at Elm, there are 7500 trees. There are hundreds of peach growers in South Jersey who can boast of bumper crops. The principal difficulty in peach grow- ing is the early swelling and blossoming habit of the flower buds. A mild spell of weather for about a week or so in winter or early spring is apt to start the buds into earlier growth, only to be kiil- ed by subsequent frosts. Where it is possible, the orchard should be located where the buds are least apt to start into growth and bloom before settled weather in spring. It is best to avoid low lands for an orchard, as late frosts are the severest in such localities. Orchards on sunny slopes should also be avoided for the same reason. The peach orchards in and around Hammonton are situated on high ground, where the cold air can flow off down to lower levels. While peaches can be grown on nearly all soils, the ideal one is a well-drained, rich, sandy loam. Before the trees are set out the soil should be deeply plowed and put into a good condition of tilth. The trees are set from 12 to 18 feet apart each way, and planted a little deeper than they stood in the nursery row. For the first few years hoed crops, like melons, beans, etc., are generally grown between the rows of trees, but after that the entire space is given up to the trees. The orchard is plowed each spring, and cultivation kept up until August, when a cover crop, like crimson clover, is sown. The idea of giving shallow cultivation about every two weeks throughout the summer, besides supplying plant food, is to keep the orchard covered with a dust mulch and preserve the soil moisture for the use of the trees. Cover crops have two objects—one to check growth, ripen up the wood of the tree, and thus lessen the danger from winter injury; second, when turned under in spring, the cover crop adds considerable humus to the soil. Such cover crops as crimson clover, hairy vetch or cowpeas add nitrogen to the soil. Of all the orchard trees, the peach stands in greatest need of regular and se- vere pruning. If left unpruned, the trees make a good growth while young and produce a few crops of fruit. Each year, however, the fruit is farther removed from the trunk of the tree, the wood be- comes weaker, the twigs near the body of the tree die, leaving long, straggling, weak limbs which bear fruit only at their very extremeties, are liable to break { when heavily loaded, and do not shade : and protect the trunk of the tree. The gathering of the fruit from these high limbs is expensive, and the fruit itself is of inferior quality. The object in pruning is to keep the tree low, compact in form, with new ‘ fruiting wood as near the trunk of the tree as possible. ! Under normal conditions, when peach trees have passed the winter safely and promise to produce a crop of fruit, they should be pruned each winter by cutting back the main limbs, so as to leave one- half to two-thirds of the new growth which contains the fruit buds. When the fruit buds have been winter killed, the opportunity may be seized to cut back the main ilmbs more severely, thus securing more compact trees, and avoiding the formation of long, straggling limbs which the trees have a tendency to form if they are not cut back. The amount of cutting back depends upon the extent to which the trees have been in- jured. If only the fruit buds have been killed, and the wood of the tree is uninjured. trees of compact form, if they have been annually pruned, should have their main | limbs shortened, so as to leave only a few inches of the new wood. If, how- | ever, the limbs are getting long and | straggling, they may be cut back into {two or even three-year-old wood. Be- | fore severe cutting is done, the grower i should be certain that there are not : enough live buds left to produce fruit. The peach sets such an abundant quan- tity of fruit buds that if a small percen- tage of them has escaped injury there may still be enough to produce a paying crop of fruit. PRINCIPLES FOR PEACH GROWERS. 1. Select high, dry, sandy or sandy loam soil. The peach will endure more drought than any other fruit tree. : 2. Careful selection of the varieties most hardy in fruit budding. 3. Vigorous, healthy stock. 4. Budded from healthy, bearing trees. 5. Tohrough cultivation from early in the spring until the first of August. * 6. Liberal manuring broadcast, ma- nure rich in potash, wood ashes, such as often can be obtained at mills. 7. Low heads, pruned every year. Cut off one-third of each year’s growth. 8. Wash every year with a wash made of lime, soft soap with a little crude car- bolic acid added to protect from borers. 9. Look carefully over the trees once or twice a month; if any disease makes its appearance and the tree cannot be restored to health, pull it up and burn. -
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