* - =Just two weeke until Christmas. —Taesday sent Indian summer to the - happy hunting grounds. —The twelve degrees above zero weather of yesterday started more than one couple to hugging —the stove. —The difference between a good fellow and a good man can very often he detected by watching where bis evenings are spent. It is not surprising singe Dr. PLETCH- ER is so daft on perfect mastication, that he should be “‘chewing the rag’’ so much about it. ~Anyway WILLIAM WATSON, the Eog- lish poes, had she good taste to express his contempt for the AsQUITHS in right pleas- ing verse. —With our transport stuck in the mud en route it would be a great joke if those Nicaraguans were to send a boat up to help pall it off. —Presidens TAFT wants the magazines to pay a higher rate of postage. Surely pot while those South African tales are raoniog io Seribaer's. —With Christmas only two weeks off you had better begiu that shopping before the other people have taken the things youn are thinking of baying. ~The Duke of the ABRUZZI has decided to some back and try it again. Faint heart ne'er won fair lady nor one pull separate Pa ELKINS from his wad. —~CANNON'S foes have quailed before CANNON'S roar aud now it is announced that they do not expect to unseat the Speaker before next session. How nice. —Anyway if President Tarr dido’s make any promises in his first message he will be that mach better off than his pred- eoessor who made so many and falfilled so fow. —~This is the time for those baseball magnates to bave their war. Next sume mer they will be too busy playiog ball to bother abouts who is president of the National association. —It MORGAN buys up all the life insur- ance companies let's pass a law requiring them to pay us while we're living and we'll pay them while we're dead. We could fix them that way. —That Brooklyn insurance man who got away with all of the million dollar surplus of his company is sick unto death. Prob- ably as much because there is nothing left for him to get as because it bas been found out that be got is. —THOMAS LEWs, of Batler, has brought suit against the local serie of Eagles for five thousand dollars damages for a broken leg be received while heing initiated into that order. It is rather an unosual case, but shonld prove interesting because the courts will be called upon to decide whether the goat has a right to buts any other part of a man’s anatomy than the place where the buts ought to be. —It cost the Hon. JoHN M. GARMAN $1,169 00 to be elected judge of Luzerne connty and the Hon. R. E. UmseL §$19,- 000.00 to be re-elected judge of Fayette. The disparity is partially due to the fact that Mr. GARMAN had po opposition, but the great costs of Judge UMBEL'S election indicates that he must have had very serious opposition or been up against a splendid leg pulling game. —The borough of Tyrone has made appli- cation to the Attorney General to have the charter taken away from the Tyrone Gas and Water Co., because the company doesn’t furnish all the water the borough peeds. Inasmuch as the members of this compacy are to be held to accountability for the drouth we would advise them to get busy with whatever means they may have at command to make more water, ~The man who started out on Monday evening to paiot the town red and upset his paint pot on the Water street pavement bad no thonght of the consternation he caused when staid all Presbyterians and Methodists mistook the red pains for blood and created considerable excitement over the supposition that a horrible crime had been commisted. We might soggest that in the luture when a man starts out with a paint pos to paint the town red he keep the lid on his pot. . —From the manner in which certain juvenile Repablicans in this neck o' the woods are getting busy it is beginning to look very much as though something is being framed up to be pushed over on the old leaders some of these fine days. It may be a bad guess, but we venture there will bea new line-up revealed when the fight comes off for congressional honors be- tween Mr. BarcLaY aud Mr. PATTON and the latter day Mosss will be seen leading the PATTON (forces. ~The wages of the employees of the city of Pittsburg are to be cas in order to pdr- tially mees a four huodred thousand dollar defiois that is staring shat oity in she face. Isis as least decent that wages of all employ- ees, lrom the Mayor dowa, are effected, Bat the “white wings” will have a far barder time making their lorsy dollar wage pay a month's bills shan she Mayor will have in making his seven huodred and fifsy dol- lar allowance pay hie. After all, is does seem thas Dr. RAUSCHENBUSCH is right when be deolares thas ‘1s is unohnissian to pay the man with she bangriest family she smallest wage.” VOL. 54 Mr. Morgans Recent recctian. Mr. J. PIERPONT MORGAN has purobss- ed a controlling interest in she Equitable Insurance company, according to his own statement and that of the Insurance Com- miesioner of New York, for the philan- thropic purpose of saviog the property for those 0 whom it beloogs. Three or four years ago Mr. THoMAs F. RYAN bought it from another owner for the same reason. Is might oceur to a thoughtfa! mind that a property which requires this sors of cod- dling is batdly worth the trouble it ea- tails. If & corporation capitalized at $100,- 000 whioh has assets of $460,000,000, can’t take care of itself, there is something so fandamentally wrong with it thas the courts ought to intervene in its behalf. Bat Mr. MORGAN bas not heen inflaeno ed by philanthropic impulses in paying something over $2,500,000 for a property of the actual valae of $100,000 with legal earning capacity of a trifle more than $3000 a year. There was another and more po- tent reason for Mr. MORGAN'S action. The operation gives him control of the vast as- sets of the corporation and enables him to manipulate $460,000,000 of money which at the rate of five per cent. would amount to more than $20,000,000 a year. The pol- ioy holders in the Equitable would be sale whether ROCKERFELLER, RYAN or Mog- GAN controlled the corporation. Bat it makes a good deal of difference to MORGAN which of the three controls the assets and reaps ¢ the harvest of manipulation. ROCK- ERFELLER also understands this. There is something more important even than the control of the assets of the Equit- able company involved in the recent pur- ohase by Mr. MorGAN. Moreover, in view of the settled purpose of the Rapubli oan machine to fasten upon the country a Central bank, the control of the assets of the Equitable borrows significance. It be- comes a potent factor in settling the gues. tion of which of the two [actions of fren- zied financiers shall secure the franchise to exploit the finances of the country in the future. Is makes little difference, as a rule, to the plundered viotim which of two robbers gets him, for: robbers are muoh alike in their methods. Bot it makes a great difference to she robbers, and in se- curing the control of the Equitable Mr. MORGAN bas obtained ao advantage. If the plan to create a Central bavk ie consummated, therefore, the control of the Equitable by Mr. MORGAN makes him the certain shepberd with legal authority to fleece the industrial snd commercial lambs of the United States. This is not a matter of conjecture. It is one of absolute ocer- tainty. Possibly he will be gentler in the operation than Mr. ROCKERFELLER, who was bis rival, hat there is little difference at best, for the fleece will be taken in any event and scant attention paid to the scars of the flesh which may ensue. Financial pirates are like other pirates, in the last analysis, and the wise thing is to avoid all alike. The Nicaraguan Affair. It can hardly be claimed that we have gained much glory out of the Nicaraguan affair thus far. We bave ordered the rep- resentative out of Washington in a most disconrteons way and practically declared war against the little Republic. Bat as the street gamins eay that won't get ue much in any direction while the spectacle we have presented to the world will go a long distance toward making us the laogh- ing stock of the civilized world. We are assuming the character of the national hul- ly, and as usual with bullies we have made ourselves ludicrous, This is not a very at- tractive situation to be found in. For example, altér an action which was equivalent to a declaration of war, we dispatched a warship to the point of dan- ger avd before it gone forty miles to- ward its destinatiod it stock in the mud, It we had been in gursuit of an enemy or attempting to from an imminent danger, of course ‘the result would bave release her from her a powerful enemy for looking alter the absurd dilemma in had been in pursui pds of the stupids in would bave made no au unfortunate and from the beginning. as bad as the worst ade him appear, but no necessity for the infirm temper and which has followed. way of proceeding nuisances such as he e such coarse might ith the results that he Probably ZELAYA descriptions have even at that there have been adopted would have been this country saved | has justly fallen apn her through official blondering. ——ADy Way tary of State Knox has proved thas shepeople were wise in not electing him s. J on board would STATE RIGHTS AN BELLEFONTE, PA., | DECEM _——— Soir Subsidies ou the Prepramis. It is reasonably certain that some sors of ship-subsidy legislation will be enacted daring the present session of Congress. President TAFT is committed to that policy and a majority of the Republican Senators and Representatives in Congress favor it. Heretofore they have been restrained by fear that the people would resent so pal- pable a misuse of public funds. Bas en- courgement from the White House has re- moved the fear and the bargain which the late MARK HANNA made with the ship- building trust will be consummated before the close of the present session, unless the signs are misleading. The excuse given for this proposed raid on the treasury is that the greater cost of labor in this country makes it impossible to build ships here in competition with the sbipbuilders of Europe. This is an absard subterfuge. It is easily susceptible of proof that the greater skill and superior efficiency of American mechanics make the Iabor cost of shipbuilding less in this coun- try thao in Earope. What makes Ameri- can buils ships cost more is the greater ex” pense of materials and this is ascribable entirely to the tariff. European ship- builders can buy materials in Pittsburg, Pa., for example, for $10 a ton less than shipbuilders located in this country are obliged to pay and tbat is the reason that our builders are at a disadvantage. It is now proposed to recompense home shipbuailders for this difference by paying them subsidies out of the public treasory. This is the same philosopby which has been adopted in the matter of restoring the forcats of this country. The tariff tax on lomber is so high that our own forests are necessarily denuded. As population in- oreases building operations must multiply and other uses of timber increase in pro- portion. But instead of opening up the vast area of timber lands in Canada, by abolishing the tariff, to the builders and furnitore makers of the United States, we undertake to restore the forests by expen- sive planting operations. By this process we raise trees in about the proportion of one to every thousand i sp expeot to restore the forests. Any sensible man who wail to equal. ize shipbuilding conditions in this country and Earope would take the tariff tax off materials ueed in shipbuilding just as he would preserve our forests by giving access to other forests for the use of our builders. Bat the Republican policy of paternalism would not be conserved in that way. There would be no claim on the timber barons of the Northwest for big campaign contributions if the logical and natural methods of conserviug the forests were pursued and the thousands of officials who enjoy fat sinecares in the forest service would lose their jobs. Wages and Prosperity. The wages of labor are justly measured by the purohasiog power of the money re- ceived by the wage earners. For example if the cost of the necessaries of life is fifty per cent. greater now than it was, say in 1895, and the wages of labor are only twenty per cent. higher, the earner is the loser. In other words to make wages now as high ae they were in 1895 there ehould be an advance of filsy per cent. The wages of unskilled labor in 1895 averaged $1.25a day. To equalize that rate now it wonld be necessary that wages for that kind of labor should be $1.87 to $1.90 a day. As a matter of fact present wages for un- skilled labor in the industrial centres are $1.50 a day, while most of the necessaries of lite are not only filty per cent. but in some instances 100 per cent. higher now than then. Meats, for example, have near- ly doubled in price and eggs and other es- sentials in families have almost quadropled in price. Clothing, shoes and blankets bave not apparently advanced so rapidly bat in reality the difference is quite as great for an inferior article is supplied now and there is an advance in the cost even of that as compared with thas of the superior article shen. It cannot be said, either, that work is plentier now than then for as a matter of fact there are about as many willing hands ont of employment as the present time ae ever before. All these facte taken into consideration it must be olear to any reasoning mind thas times, eo far as they affect the ordinary workingman, are no better now than they were during the panic period of 1895. It may be that the trusts are making money at thie time bat we submis that if they are the prosperity is limited to them and she rest of us have about as bard work to make hoth ends meet &8 at any Sime in the recent history of the country. ——Whether the New York World or the Louisville Courier Journal pays that bet is of little consequence to the public bat this country would be in a sad predica- ment it the oboice for Presidens in 1912 were necessarily. between HOMEY SLE ‘and Tarr" = | —— -——Adveitioe in the WATCHMAN. ; D FEDERAL UNION. Somme Hitciidh Pagaree. the Democratic nominee for Justice of the Supreme cours, carried forty-three out of the sixty-seven counties of the State. The campaign was begun in the spirit of a for- lorn hope. Some of the intimate friends of the popular gentleman advised him against making any effort for election. It was sug- gested that she Republican party is invine ible in Pennsylvania. With practically inexhaustible pecuniary resources, a well disciplined organization aod impregnable possible thing to dislodge or seriously dis- tarb the enemy. Bat Mr. MUNSON went to Philadelphia with a majority aod car- ried a large portion of the territory. Ia Philadelphia the Republican machine spent $143,000 and upward to carry she election against Mr. MuNsoN while his own party spent only $3000. According to well authenticated statements nearly 45,- 000 voters were ‘‘assisted’’ in that city. In ninety-nine cases out of every hundred “‘asgisted’’ voters are bribed voters, so that it is a fair presumption that 40,000 of the opposition were bought and would have voted the other way or not as all, if they bad not been induced by corrupt means to vote for the Republican candidate. Other thousands of she vote cast for the Republi. can ticket were the votes of repeaters, go that it may justly be claimed that upon a fair vote Mr. MUNSON would have been elected. In view of these facts we oan see nothing in the result of the recent election to dis- courage Democrats from effort in the fu- ture. Next year, for example, there wiil not be the volume of money available for purchasing votes and employing repeaters in Philadelphia that wae used this year for the reason that there will be scores of Con. gressional, Senatorial and Legislative dis- tricts throughout the State that will have to he cared for, aod that will make a great difference in the results. Moreover the superstition that the Repablicas machine oan's be defeated is not as widespread as formerly and it the Demoorats will main. tain the advantages they bave acquired and are vigilant and energetio in striving forotbers, the Republican machine. will have no certainty of sacoess next year. Io any event Democratic prospects are bright: er than they have been in years. The Greater Evil Chosen. The administration at Washington is averse to a Congressional investigation of the sugar scandal in the New York custom house. The Attorney General, who pre- the Sagar Trust, professes to be afraid that such an investigation would prevent the conviction of the low-salaried weighing olerks who bave heen indioted or are to be. Besides that it might develop evidence against those ‘‘higber up’’ who paid the little fellows for violating the law that would literally compel the prosecution and conviction of those ‘‘malefactors of great wealth.” Of course such a thing is not to be thought of. It was to prevens such a contingency that Mr. WICKERSHAM was appointed. The RooseVELT administration was atro- ciously bad. The members of the cabinet during that period were mere olerks chos- en to register the will of the President when the forms of law require an agent to aot. And that was the only thing in which respect for law was shown. Io all things else ROOSEVELT'S oaprices served the purpose of statutes and the Secretary of State as well as ail other heads of depart. |% ments slavishly bowed to the imperial will. But ROOSEVELT'S cabivet ministers served RoosSEVELT. They were chosen by Roose. VELT because of their rervility to Roose- VELT rather than for the reason that they were the hired emissaries of trusts or mo- nopolies. All things considered that i ‘the lesser of two evils. The present cabinet, on the other band, | © appears to have been chosen by ‘‘the inter- eets.”” One trust wanted to exploid the public domain and its counsel, Mr. BAL- LINGER, is appointed Seoretary of the In: terior. The Sugar Trust wanted to rob the government by falsely weighing the produots it imported, and its counsel, Mr. WICKERSHAM, is appointed Attorney Gen- eral. And so oa from top to bottom. “The interests’’ get what they want in return for campaign contributions, and the peo- ple who have no inflaence suffer in conse- | quence; In the case in point justice is de- feated beoause it is the men who procured the false weights who deserve punishment | be rather than their helpless victims who have been indicted. ——It the Bupreme court had been with- in rifle range of South Africa when the news of ite decision granting an appeal to shat | SAMUEL GOMPERS reached a certain hunt. | op iog camp there would protably, bave been something doing. ee (f vourse we can lick all the South and Central American Republics com- | bined, with ove hand sied = behind ar * | back, bus what's the use. i en BER 10, 1909. In the recent campaign Mr. Musso, | fortresses of defence, it looked like an im. vious to his appointment was counsel for | _NO. 49. | Taft Declares War. From the Johastown Democrat. President Tals Seoretary Koox bas declared war — y jee re are charges oharges. The evidence is conflicting. The facts up- on which a fair jadgment might be based are so confased with partisan exaggeration and interested testimony that a just deoi- sion of the merits of the case is almost im- ible. Yes the Talt administration has amped to A 8058] u3ian and has dasede iu a manner without precedent perhaps ® history of civilized governments. There can he little donht shat Mr. Taft bas undertaken to forestall the action of congress, He bas recognized the Estrada revolation ; he has declared the govern- ment of the republic anworthy so be eats with by civilized vations ; and he has brought about a status as nearly that of actual war as need he to ¢ffeot his pu and so congress when it conven Monday faced a fait accomple; it will either bave to accept the situation created hy executive action or take a course which would rebuke the head of the n be- fore the whole world. This course congress cannot he expected to take, no matter what the private judg- ment of its members may be. In ao emer- genoy of this kind the Neriniative branch feels hound to stand bebind the executive ; and Mr. Taft understands this ; he has tak- en advantage of the opportuity to oreate a sitnation from which there can be no re- treat without an apparent lowering of the oational digoity. Yet shonld congress thus in effect abi. cate its high prerogative and abandon one of its most important functions? We are far from feeling that the last word has been said in Secretary Knox's amazing letter to the Nicaraguan charge. The oountry should Sb all the facts embodied in this extraordinary case. What American inter- ests have been threatened ? Who are the Americans who have been clamoring for the overthrow of Zelaya and what are their actual grievances? What seores under- standings exist between the American au- thorities and the revolutioniste who have so commended themselves to Secretary Koox? Who has been furnishing the money to finance a revolution which the Ametions government haa alte almost in- ecent haste to Reougniye ze and approve «dtsin to be hoped that congress ot quire thoroughly and without flinching in. to this ourions maddle. There is every reason for believing there are other facts than those which have thus far reached the public, important in making up a final judgment. What these facts are we do not pretend to say or do we even ventore to guess. But we cannot avoid the suspi- cion that the shooting of Grooe and Cannon are hut convenient pretexts for an action which otherwise could find little if any justification. Grand Army of Federal Employees. From the New York Sun. Is appears from ‘‘advance notices’ ol that sterling publication, the government ‘“Blae Book®’ for 1909 that triumphant ba reaucracy is marohiog on at the double. quick. In 1807 er were some 306,000 al hired men and women. In 1908 there are aome 370,000 —an average annual inorease of 32,000. The gain is somewhat more than 10 per cent. a year. At this rate —and there is small reason to suppose that is will not be inoreased, sinoe the passion for government regulation and interference Shaws an increasing momentum —the grand of placemen will soon amount to a mill on; oh still it will go marching on. This, we take it, is ove the grand ends for which the government was established; to make offices and feed the faithful. Will Break the Monotony. From the Pittsburg Sun, A brash with Zelaya just now is going to to prove very much of a relief to Mr. Tafs his reactionary Republican friends. With even a little war on baud the public is likely to forges the ruthless ae breaking and general shortcomings of the majority element of the majority party. Mr. Taft's message we have long been giv. en to understand, will be little more than a summing up of the principal points made in his speeches on his recent long swing around the circle. And there bas been lis- tle in most of them to FUSOurAke Advecues 0 nd Jatriotic, broadly construotive - Zelaya diversion has come up 2 therefore, for that wing of the Republican y which finds being on the deleurive 1 the time a good deal of a n. | Why Not Kuock Out the Graft} From the Philadelphia Rec Record. . Under the present tanfl schedule, impos- ing a tax of $1 90 per hundred pounds on refined edd pet in the power of the Sugar Trust, whatever fines may be impos. 1d by the courts upon its to re- imburse fowelt by assessing the amount up- on buyers of sugar. The only way to teach the rascals is to put them in Jail, That is a punishment to fit the orime. It ot 4 be shifted so as to fall upon underlings or andeservers, Expressed in a Sentence, From the Ransas City Times. “y gl, ie,” Speaker Cannon said io his y Kuife and Fork viub, *‘with- op by having turned my back on a friend my face from an enemy.” Which seems -. “present in a sentence the ou which the congressional or jason ed the tariff bill, and on w the speaker sought’ reward Hie friend, ex- Representa. ts Li uer, with an inoreased duty on gl ' : ay 5 - SE , ~——Bubsoribe for she WATCHMAN. Spawls from the Keystone. —Three hundred girls were given employ- ment when the first shirtwaist factory im Shenandoah opened Monday, —Fleetwood, Berks county, now owns its own water plant, having bought it for #55, 000 from the Fleetwood Water company. —Tramps returning for the winter seasom have ineveased the enrollment of the inmates of the Berks county almsbouse from 260 to 325. —Over $175,000 has been spent the past year to incresse the capacity and to bet. ter the manufacturing plants of Mount Union. —John Papalish, aged 39, was pulled into A furoace at the Shenandoah Valley steel plant at New Castle and roasted to death. He tried to balance a wheelbarrow on the up of the cupola. —South Fork will not need to ask aid of the State in fighting the scarlet fever epi. demic, it is thought. There are now forty cases in nineteen residences and guards are stationed day and night to see that she guar- antine is kept. —QOne hundred and twenty-five acres of timber land pear West Middletown, Wash. ington county, were bought from the Escee Coal company of State College, by L. F. Satte and Dr. L. F. Rion, of Indiana. The consideration was $12,500. The new owners will develop the tract at once. —A franchise has been granted by the Delaware Gap borough council to the Strouds- burg and Delaware Gap Street Railway com- pany to extend its lines through the Gap to connect with Portland. This will make a through line by trolley to the Gap from Philadelphia, something that has been de- sired for a long time. —1It is alleged that there is a shortage of $1,100 in the accounts of Mrs. Truman ’ | Campbell, postmistress of Cammal, Lycom- ing county. The office is now in charge of F. F. Bonnell, one of her bondsmen. The woman has disappeared and it ie thought that she has gone to the mountains to escape arrest. Her husband has advanced $400, all the money he had, to cover part of the short. age. —Professor R. L.. Watts, of State College, has withdrawn his suit agaiost the Berwind- White Coal company for the destruction of the springs on his two farms near Sealp Level. On one of the farms he conducts a green house, piped for water, and on the other is a dwelling. The mining operations completely ruined the water supply of these places. The coal company settled with the professor out of court. - «Chas. Flanagan of 2607 5th Ave., Altoona, has been offered $65,000 by Pittsburg capital ists for a horse feeding box that he has in« vented. He planned the box while lying in the Johnstown hospital about a year ago, having had hoth legs cut off. By means of the box, horses can be fed without unhiteh- ing, the box measuring eighteen inches square, holding enough feed for three meals for two horses with also a water chamber. —The preliminary work in connection with the filling in of the several trestles on the Philipsburg and Susquehanna Valley railrond was commenced on Mouday, and by tomorrow it is expected the new steam shovel will be “making the dirt ly’ in reality. The Decatur trestle will be the first to be filled in, and the dirt for each one will be taken from the hill this side of Decatur. Thi work is a big proposition and will be a great im- provement, —Mifllintown is to have a new industry in the Union Furniture Manufacturing com. pany, which will give employment to fifty men and boys or mote. The concern bought the old shoe factory buildings at the lower end of Patterson borough, near Mifflintown, from the Mifflintown and Patterson Improvement company, and will re. medel them. The furniture concern is of McClure, and is capitalized at $1,000,000, which amount will be raised in a short time to $1,500,000. —Four burglaries in a week has stirred the citizens of Jersey Shore to action, especially since no arrests have been made in any case. On Thursday night Sallada’s department store was robbed; on Friday night the home of William Hoover, an engineer, was visited and a sum of money stolen. Ou the same night Joseph Mick's store and Cameron & Lambert's planing mill were also robbed. The local police are not able to catch the thieves and an additional force of special officers have been sworn in for vight duty. —John Warren and Thomas Filbren, who recently pleaded guilty to the charge of breaking into the New York Central station, entering the railroad tool house and break- ing into the Jersey Shore postoffice, were sentenced each to a meximum of twenty years,and a minimum of five years’ imprison. ment in the eastern penitentiary, 2s well as a fine of $200. Joseph Manton was given a maximum of ten years and a minimum of two years and six months and a five of $100 for the same crime. He would not admit his guilt. —A suit for $50,000 damages against the American Car and Foundry company will be tried in the United States circuit court in Williamsport, in Janvary. The plaintiff is Oscar Thornton, of Berwick, formerly of Danville, who lost one of his eyes as the’ re- sult of aa injury sustained in the t of the car company at Berwick. Clarence E. Sproul, of Williamsport, represents the plain- tiff, and it was upon his application that the case was transferred from the Columbia coun. ty court to the United States circuit court. Paul J. Sherwood, of Wilkesbarre, represents the defendant. — The trio of burglars who robbed the New York Central railroad depot at Jersey Shore junction and then Salshed thelr night's ‘work by blowing open the safe in the Jersey Shore postoffice some time ago, have just, had their trial in the Lycoming county court.. It will be remembered that the men were later cap tured on the McKinney farm,near Avis, after a battle with officers, and were removed to the jail at Williamsport after a hearing as Jersey Shore. The desperadoes gave their names as John Warren, Thomas Filbrin and Joseph Manton, and the first two were given intermediate sentences ranging from five to twenty years, and Manton was given from five to ten years in the penitentiary. Fines amounting to $500 were also imposed on the meu. :
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers