Th. MM . It lasted the whole day, being opened Dewi fata. Bellefonte, Pa. April 13, 1906. THE FIRST BOTTLES THEY WERE UNDOUBTEDLY MADE OF HIDES OF ANIMALS. Boome of These Ancient Receptacles For Wine Were of Gigantic Size. Skin Bags Are Still Used In Spain, Portugal and Greece. The most ancient receptacles of wine were formed of animal hides. These must be almost as old as wine itself, for there certainly would have been very little use in expressing the juice of the grape and allowing it to ferment unless there had been vessels of some sort to contain it. Even if stored in underground cisterns, as is still done in southern Europe, bottles would be required for carrying the liquid on journeys or even for consuming it at home. Frequent mention is made of such bottles in ancient literature. At a feast in the liquid in the “Iliad” the servants are described as bearing wine upon their shoulders in a bottle of goat- skin, from which the goblets of the guests were filled. Throughout the interior of Spain wine is still conveyed from place to place in bottles made of goat or pig skin identical in every respect with the description given by Herodotus, says the Chicago Chronicle. It will doubtless be remembered that in the venta on the Sierra Morena Don Quixote’s room | was hung around with these cueros and that the doughty knight, mistaking | them for the myrmidons of a wicked enchanter, valiantly attacked them with his sword until the room was inch deep in red wine flowing from the gashes made in the skins, In Portugal and Greece these skin bags are also used for the conveyance of wine, as they are much more porta- | ble than any other sort of vessel, es- | pecially in a mountainous district, where they have to be borne by mules. | These leathern bottles have a peculiar | interest, for in make and material they | connect the viniculture of today with its origin in the unknown past. They are survivals which have floated down to us on the stream of time unaffected by centuries of age. A leathern bottle capable of holding an armed man would seem today too unwieldy for practical purposes, but there is evidence that many of those used by the Romans were of still great- er dimensions. among the ruins of the ancient, city of Pompeil a mural picture has been discovered represent- ing an enormous skin bag on a wine cart which is being borne along by a machine shaped like a boat. Two men were drawing the wine off into amphorae, In order to gain populari- ty a Roman politician would occasion- ally dole out wine wholesale to the clients whose favor he courted, and this picture probably portrays the con- veyance on which the evine skin was borne through the streets and the men engaged in circulating it. The coronation ceremony of Ptolemy Philadelphus excelled in pomp and pag- eantry every procession recorded in history, not even excepting the trium- phant progress with which Alexander the Great celebrated his escape from the deserts of Gedrosia. Perhaps the object of Philadelphus was so to daz- zle his subjects that they should forget the domestic crimes with which he in- augurated his ascent to the throne. The cost of the procession is estimated at over $500,000 of American money. by the figure of the morning star and closed with that of Hesperus. Eighty thousand troops, cavalry and infantry, clad in gorgeous uniforms, marched past. Although the festival was held in winter owing to the deli- cious Egyptian climate, abundance of fresh grapes were provided on one of the vehic'es of the procession and a vintage scene faithfully represented. To the sound of the flute and song six- ty satyrs under the superintendence of Silenus, bearing his symbolic cantha- rus, trod out the grapes and flooded the streets with foaming must. Perhaps not the least appreciated part of the show was a car thirty-sev- en feet long by twenty-one feet broad, bearing a gigantic uter made of leop- ard hides and containing 8,000 ampho- rae of wine. As the Greek amphora is equivalent to eight imperial gallons, the liquid contained in the uter would have equaled the enormous quantity of 24,000 gallons. The sides must have been strength- ened with some material stronger than leather to enable the skins to resist the il lastic Latin term for a wine is uter, but the colloquial word vas butis, and thus a small skin the diminutive buticula. From buticula is derived the word “bot- ” and, with slight linguistic modifi- Edge wine in England, even when grape juice was fomented there, the leather bottle or blackjack was one of the so ornamented they are ealled “gyngle boyes.” Many of those in ordinary use were made in the shape of a boot, which oc- casioned the French prisoners to report on their return to France that “the Englishmen used to drink out of their bootes.” They evidently took the fancy, how- ever, of some of the French nsbility, for in the expenses of John, king of France, when prisoner in England aft- er the battle of Poitiers there is the following entry: “Pour deux bouteilles de cuir achetees a London pour Mon- seigneur Philippe, 9s. 8d.” no incon- siderable price in those days, A. D. 1350-60. As the arts improved leather bottles were supplemented, but not displaced, by vessels of clay, great care being taken in the construction to avoid sandy earth or any substance likely to be porous. These, like the hides, part- ly to prevent the liquor from exuding, were all coated on the inside with pitch, but principally as an antiseptic, to keep the wine sound. These ves- sels were called amphorae ard doubt- less originally held the standard gauge of eight gallons, but as their use be- came limited to cellar storage their size gradually increased until they attained frequently the capacity of 100 gallons and upward. The smaller amphorae were made on the potter's wieel, but the larger in molds sunk in pits, where they were baked over furnaces. In many of the modern bodegas in Valdepenas wine is still stored in similar earthenware ves- sels, narrow at the base and widening upward, with arms or ears on either side at the top, and every one of them has its coating of pitch exactly the same as twenty-five centuries ago. PACKING ORANGES. The Way the Golden Fruit Is Han- dled In California, The things one sees in an orange packing house are a pleasure to the eye, delightful to the olfactories and, ! when the local manager or overseer is a generous and indulgent person, also most excellent *o the taste. The oper- ations are quiet and simple, but sys- | tematic, and carried on by all possible mechanical and automatic devices for the saving of labor and effectiveness cf service, At one end of a long building the or- anges are unloaded from the vans. At the other end, a few minutes later, they are snugly ensconced in a railway car, ready at the door to begin its long jour- ney eastward, Between these points of exit and entrance much has been done in a quick and quiet way. First the or- anges are gently dumped into a recep- tacle, whence they are carried on a belt or moving platform to an upper part of the building, where they pass slowly along before a group of workers, who pick out the cullx or imperfect fruit and drop them int: chutes for disposi- tion elsewhere. The other oranges are allowed to pass on down ‘an incline to the separators, in the meantime their weight being taken and registered au- tomatically as they move along. The separators eonsist of long troughs with slits or openings of va- rying widths at the bottom, through which the oranges drop, according to their sizes, as they are carried along, thus separating themselves into the three grades by which they are known to the market. These grades are based on size and are known as “standard,” the smallest; “choice,” the next in rank, and “fancy,” the largest of all. As they separate themselves and drop from the moving belt the oranges run down in golden streams by little side chutes to a small canvas platform or box, whence they are removed by the nimble fingers of the packers, usually young women, wrapped in soft paper and placed in boxes for final shipment. An expert packer will fill from eighty to ninety boxes per day. From these busy young women the boxes are care- fully trundled to a nearby bench or ta- ble, where other employees deftly nail and close up the open side. One more turn by other ready hands, and the fin- ished boxes are passed into a car drawn on a convenient siding, where, carefully secured and piled to the roof, they are seen no more until they reach the great distributing centers in the eastern markets.—La Salle A. Maynard in Leslie's Weekly. The Indestructible Tooth, The temple at Yakadama, Japan, con- tains a wonderful relic in the shape of, a tooth which, tradition says, one of tooth had been worshiped by heathen devotees for centuries, a change of sen- timent took place in regard to the relic. It was declared to be a fraud and was A Poisonous Frog. People in general look upon all spe- cles of the frog as being perfectly harmless. Should you be traveling In New Granada (United States of Colom- bia), however, you would do well to let a certain little tree croaker severe- from his skin in the shape of a milky liquid and is used by the na- tives as a poison for their arrows. SOURCES OF MEDICINES. What Various Drugs Look Like In Their Crude State. Upon going into a pharmacy and jookiug over the mysterious jars and botti>s and boxes that line the shelves did you ever wonder where on earth all of the drugs came from and how they appeared before they were ground up and made into oils or dried or pul- verized or crystallized into queer shap- ed lumps? Each jar and box seems to hide some secret which you immediate- ly become curious to solve. How many different lands do they represent? And after they leave the jars that hold them now what are they made into? Who, for example, would connect a great pile of dry, thin twigs neatly tied into small bundles with sarsaparilla? These twigs are the creeping roots and rootlets of a prickly shrub that grows in Jamaica, and they are worth from 10 cents to 50 cents a pound. Somewhat similar in appearance is ipecacuanha, which also comes to us in dry twigs, which are part of the trailing root of a plant found in the damp forests of Brazil These roots receive no preparation save drying before they are shipped off to the United States. They are packed in large sacks, and the workmen who open the bales must beware of breath- ing the pungent, irritating dust given off and which is productive of unpleas- ant results if Incautiously inhaled. Castor oll, too, is hard to recognize in the pretty little brown beans spot- ted with black and with polished skins that arrive in bags from India. They look far too attractive to suggest the much hated dose of our early days. Aloes, the base of many nauseous medicines, may be seen in its crude form as a solid mass resembling brown sealing wax, packed in heavy wooden boxes, from which it is chipped out in flakes with a chisel and hammer. It is of different qualities and prices, according to whether it comes from Arabia, Socotra or the West Indies, and may bring any sum from $4 to $45 per hundredweight, Aloes is the juice of the big .fleshy leaves of the plant of that name, This juice is press- ed or evaporated from the leaves and poured into chests or kegs in a semi- fluld state, hardening presently into a solid block. Not infrequently it is inclosed in the dry skins of monkeys and in this strange form brought to market. One of the most interesting of drugs is opium, both on account of its awful potency and by reason of its great value. A case of opium, about 225 pounds, is worth $400, roughly. The case is of rough deal, lined with tin, and contains a number of soft, dark lumps, like large handfuls of dough, packed very closely {ogether in a quantity of dry, chafly seeds. The opium which reaches America is of two qualities, one for medicine, the other for smoking, and comes from Persin and Asia Minor, China and India. Another costly and all important drug is quinine, which arrives In its crude form as large slices of bark, packed either flat or in “quilis”—that is, curled round upon itself like a roll. —Philadelphia North American. Poison a Blessing. Strangely anomalous as it may ap- pear, the existence of active poisons in the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms of nature has done more for the development of modern civilized mau than have all the other innocuous elemental things which aboriginal man found to his hand. These active poi- sons were man's first stimulus to first adaptation of poison to the uses of man. The aborigine found himself at once the hunter and the hunted of cre- ation. Whether as hunter or the hunt- ed, he was a pygmy compared with many of the carnivorous beasts in his environment. He saw that, whereas his own considerable physical force and power were as nothing to some of these creatures, the fang of the ser- pent was all compelling. Where the poisonous serpent struck with poison- ed fang and killed its quarry he saw it eat without discomfort or injury. To kill his own food through the venom of the serpent must have been one of man's first elaborated mental proc- esses. As this aborigine applied the venom of the serpent to his arrow and later blended it with the poisons of the vegetable world he may be said to have grown in mental stature.—Tech- nical World Magazine, supervision for over 30 one to deceive you in th Imitations and “Just-as-good" are but Ex- riments, and endanger the health of ildren~— Experience against Experi- WHAT IS CASTORIA f i Castoria isa harmless substitute for Cas. tor Oil, and Soothing Syraps, Itis t contains neith- er um, Mi ine nor *il . Its age is its tee. It destroys Warts sud al everiaiine cures re- lieves Teething Trou! tion and A assimilates Food, regulates the Stomach and Bowe! Elving healthy sad natural he ildren's Panacea--The Mother's d. THE KIND YOU HAVE ALWAYS BOUGHT Bears the Signature of CHAS. H. FLETCHER. In Use For Over 30 Years, The Centanr Company, New York City. 51-7-21m Best Route to the Northwest, In going to St. Paul, Minneapolis or the Northwest see that your ticket west of Chicago reads via The Pioneer Limited on the Chicago, Milwaukee & Ss. Paul Rail- way—the route over which your letters go. Standard and compartment sleepers with longer, higherand wider berths. Leaves Union Station, Chicago, 6.30 p. m. daily arrives St. Paul next morning at 7.25 and Minneapolis at 8.00 o'clock. JOHN R. POTT, District Passenger t, Room D, Park Building, rg. ——Take Vin-te-na and the good effect will be immediate. You will get strong, you will feel $, fresh and active, you will feel new, blood cou th hb your veins. Vin-te-na will act like will put new life in you. If not benefited money refunded. All druggists. Business Notice. CASTORIA For Infants and Children, The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of CHAS. H. FLETCHER. Medical. Twice TOLD TESTIMONY. PEOPLE ARE DOING ALL THEY CAN FOR FELLOW SUFFERERS. Bellefonte testimony has been published to prove the merit of Doan's Kidney Pills to others in Bellefonte who suffer from bad ba ks and kid- ney ills. Lest any sufferer doubt that the cures made by Doan's Kidney Pills are thorough and lasting, we produce confirmed proof—siatements from Bellefonte people saying that the cures they told of years ago were permanent, Here's a Belle- fonte case : James Rine, sarpenter, of 230 High street, says: “Doan’s Kidney Pills cured me in 1879 and the statement 1 made for publica- tion at that time recommending this remedy was a true siatement and stands wood , I tuerefore have no hesitation in recommend- ing Donn’~ Kidney Pills n. I was so weak before | took the first that I could not put on my shoes and was hardly able to drag my-eit around. There were severe [rite uli through my hack and down into m imbs. !miring all the years since Doan's Kidney Pilis cured me [ have not been troub- led in this way. Ihave recommended Doan’s Kidney Fills to a good many sufferers to F, Potts Green's drug store for their first box. In no case has the result been other than sat- Forsale by all dealers, Price 50 cents. Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, New York, sole nts for the United States. member the name—Doan’s—and take no other. 5113e. 0.w.2m ILES A care guaranteed if you use "RUDYS PILE SUPPOSITORY il ig New Advertisements. ACETYLENE The Best and Cheapest Light. COLT ACETYLENE GENERATORS.......... GIVE THE LEAST TROUBLE, THE PUREST GAS, AND ARE SAFE. Generators, Supplies and Fixtures. . . . JOHN P. LYON, BUSH ARCADE, General Agent for Central Pennsylvania § for she J. B. Colt Co. - A GREAT MONEY MAKER— THE NATIONAL CREAM SEPARATOR Is the best of its class because it gets ALL the Cream and does it EASILY. For price or partion- lars write or see B. F. HOMAN, OAK HALL, PENNA. Dealer in all Kinds of Farm Implements. 51-2:3m Groceries. SECHLER & CO. PURE FOOD STORE. We carry a full line of all goods in the line of Foods and Fine Groceries. MANHATTAN DRIPS A fine Table Syrup in one quart, two quart and four quart tin pails, at 120., 25¢., and 450. per pail; try is. Maple Syrup in glass bottles and tin cans. NEW ORLEANS MOLASSES The finest new crop New Orleans—a rich golden yellow and an elegant bak- er. That is the report our customers bring to us. Fine Sugar Syrups—no glucose. MARBOT WALNUTS. These Nuts are clean and sound, heavy in the meats and in every way very satisfactory. We have some very good California Walnuts but not equal to the Marbots. Fine Almonds and Mixed Nats. EVAPORATED FRUITS. Peaches 10c., 120., 150. and 180. per pound. Apricots 150., 180. and 200. per pound. Prunes 5e., 8o., 100. and 120. per pound. Raisins 10c. and 120. per pound, either seeded or unseeded. Currants 10c. and 120. per pound. Citron, Orange and Lemon Peel. Dates, Figs and fine Table Raisins. All tbese goods are well worth the prices named on them and will give good satisfaction. MINCE MEAT. The foundation of our Mince Meat is good sound lean beef, and all other ingredients are the highest grade of goods. It represents our best effort and oar customers say it is a success, and as 12je. per pound is very reason- able in price. FOREIGN FRUITS. We are now receiving some of the finest California Naval Oranges and Florida bright and sweet fruits. This fruit is just now reaching its very fin- est flavor. They are exceptionally fine and at reasonable prices. Lovers of Grape Fruit can be nicely suited on the fruit we have. Lemons for some time past bave been a difficult proposi- tion, but we now have some fine fruit. SECHLER & CO. Pure Food and Fine Groceries. 49-1 BELLEFONTE, PA. Green's Pharmacy. a | » » Twelve years ago ground black pep- per was selling here at 40c. the Ib,— and not the best at that. We thought we could save our customers money by buying in large quantities, direct from the men who imported and / ground it—packing it in pound pack- ages ourselves—we did so, buying : Singapore Pepper, and for five years sold it to you at 15¢ the Ib.—then itad- © vanced to 20c. For the past three years we have sold it for 2%., itis sifted free from stems and dirt before grinding and is just what we repre- sent it. PURE SINGAPORE PEPPER The price Is still 22¢. the pound—we invite your trade for pure spices. GREEN'S PHARMACY CO., Bush House Block, BELLEFONTE, PA. 14-26-1y a YTWY YY YY YY YY Watches, Jewelry &c. WATCH, CLOCK, LRY AND OPTICAL REPAIRING Moderate in Price High in Quality High in Reliabilty Repising uy sete x Hoary Brown's or at Twenty-three years experi- ence in Centre County. ALL REPAIRING WARRANTED. 51-11-1 mo. D 100 iD Sraeer, Pa Insurance. OOK! READ — JOHN F. GRAY & SON, (Successors to Grant Hoover.) FIRE, LIFE, axp ACCIDENT INSURANCE. This Age represents the Fire Rate Companies ro. ~——NO ASSESSMENTS, —— Do not fail to give us a call before insuring your Life or Propert w position write large lines at any (me, ue oe To Office in Crider's Stone Building, 43-18-1y BELLEFONTE, PA. VA vA vara HE PREFERRED ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO. THE $5,000 TRAVEL POLICY Benefits : $5,000 death by accident, S00 lows of both feet, 5,000 loss of both 5,000 loss of one hand and one foot 2,500 loss of either hand, 2,500 loss of either foot, Rima, , Bonito v : isability 10 week, limit 26 Bg PREMIUM $12 PER YEAR, payable quarterly if desired. FIRE INSURANCE i I invite YJE tention 6 my fire nsurance e and Most Hon: Line “ot Solid Companies r ted by any agency in Central Pennsylvania. H. E. FENLON, Agent, Bellefonte, Pa. a Tard 50-21 Saddlery. 10 PER CENT. REDUCTION ON ALL GOODS SOLD—WHY YOU SHOULD VISIT THE COUNTY SEAT You can combine business with easure, and make the trip pay or itself. You will save more than your expenses by calling at SCHOFIELD'S HARNESS FACTORY and purchase bargains that we are now oljeriug. All leather ng i goods are adva n We have now in a very large assortment of HAND-MADE HARNESS—LIGHT AND HEAVY— : at all prices. Our stock of Blan- kets and fine Robes is complete— and nicer patterns than we bave bad for many a year. We can supply you with anything in the hoise line, Axle Grease, Harness Dressing, Harness Scap, Stock Food, Chicken Food ; the best in the market. Money refunded on all goods if not satisfactory. Very truly yours, JAMES SCHOFIELD, Spring street, BEDLEFONTE PA. Flour and Feed. FEED OF ALL KINDS, Whole or Manufactured. All kinds of Grain bought at office. Exchanges Flour for Wheat. OFFICE and STORE, - Bishop Street, MILL 4-19
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers