obs BemorralE atone Bellefonte, Pa., March lith, 1904. FARM NOTES. —Do not let your parenership with your boy have a Johunie’s-pig-and-dad’s-hog ending. —-Very few orchardists give their trees enough fertilizer to insure the greatest suc- cess. Too many not only neglect to fertil- ize, but do their best to exhaust the soil by growing grain crops among tbe trees, or pastuting it at any season of the year until the soil is as hard as the public highway. — Driving about the country,I have been taking a few notes lately, and I find that there is nothing more frequently repeated than that orchard trees are planted too close together. In some cases the shade is as dense as a maple grove. Of course, ap- ples grown in this way get very little color; but that is not the worst of it—they do not get flavor. —The peach trees should be trimmed carefully when such work is done, so as to admit air and light. The peach tree fruits on the previous year’s growth, and not on spurs, as is the case with some kinds. The spring is the best time to prune, but both spring and fall are important seasons for an examination of the trees in order to de- stroy the borers. —1It one is to keep poultry it is just as well to have it as good as possible. To get it so be careful in the selection of breeders. For instance, select hens and males that have thighs and legs well apart. This is one point in breeding good poultry. Anoth- er is in selecting birds with breasts not only full, but deep down through, and another is in selecting birds with wide backs. The narrow bird can carry little flesh.— Farm Journal. —From its caustic nature lime corrects injurious matter, such as sulphate of iron, in soils. Lime breaks up and pulverizes stiff clays, improving their texture. It de- composes inert vegetable matter, peat, roots, etc. It hastens the decay of stable manure and dead carcasses, puatrescent matter, ete., but in all such oases, if the manarial qualities are to be made useful, they must be covered with earth during the action of the lime to absorb the ammonia. —In planting berries of any kind do not put fresh manure under them, as it may heat and burn the roots. All fresh manure should be put on after the berries are har- vested, and the rains will soon carry it down in reach of the roots. A mulch of old hay is excellent for berries, especially in case of dry weather. Rotten manure only should now be used for berries, and should be thoroughly mixed with the soil before the plants are set in the row. At- tention to this will make a fine bed of ber- ries. Do not use manure full of weed and clover seeds. —Horse radish is extensively grown by market gardener’s near large cities. If re- quires a very rich, deep, rather moist soil, and is raised from sets—that is, thin soil, pieces of roots, the.trimmings off the pre- vious year’s crop, cut into pieces of four to six inches in length. The land should be well worked before planting, which has to be done early in the spring. In field culture the plants are set in rows about three feet apart and 18 inches in the rows. The planting is done by simply making a hole with a pointed stick, dropping the root set so that it is about three inches be- low the surface and then pressing it firmly with the foot. Daring the firsts month or two the ground must he kept well culti- vated and clean; later the leaves cover the entire ground, so as to make cultivation aseless or unnecessary. —The Kansas Experiment station in re- porting upon feeding dried blood as a pre- ventative of scours, says : “Dried blood is not only good for a weak calf, but is an excellent remedy for any calf subject to scours. With the 70 head of young calves under experiment at the Kansas station during the past year, there has not heen a single case of scours that dried blood has failed to check. “In feeding dried blood, a teaspoonful at a feed is a great plenty. This should be continued until the scours disappear. In case of a weak calf the allowance may be gradually increased to a tablespoonful at a teed.” To prevent the dried blood from settling 60 the bottom of the pail, where the calf will be unable to get it, it may be stirred in the milk while the calf is drinking, or the milk and blood may he fed immediate- ly after being thoroughly mixed. ‘Since dried blood is such a cheap and effective remedy, it will pay anyone who raises young calves by hand to have a little available whenever a calf shows signs of disorders in its digestive trace.’ —A nursery circular says: °‘‘At least seventy feet should Té allowed between trees intended to occupy the ground per- manently. Quick-growing nurse, or tem- porary, trees may be planted hetween the long-lived ones to produce immediate re- sults, but these should be removed as soon as they interfere with the development of the permanent orchards.” When trees are small we almost always underestimate the required distances. We set apple-trees thirty feet apart, and imagine they will have plensy of space for all time to come. But when the trees get to be twenty-five or thirty years old, we find their limbs inter- locking and interfering, and we are “‘ina pickle.” For ordinary apple-trees a dis- tance of forty feet from tree to tree is none ¢00 much. The idea of planting temporary trees between the regular and permanent ones, such as peach trees between apple- trees, eto., seems plausible, but is not al- ways practical. It is not so bad with peaches. They nsnally die young, making room for the apple trees anyway. But when we plant early bearing apple-trees, such as Wagener, for instance, among the permanent apple-trees, with the idea of cutting the Wageners out when the others need the room, we will find that it takes much nerve, or ‘‘sand,’’ to put the ax toa thrifty young tree that is bearing regular- iy a fine quality of apple. We are liable to put off the thinning-out process from year to year, until the permanent trees are encroached upon and interfered with. My experience is that it is better to plant the orchard as we will want it in later years, and to take the very best care of it from the beginning right through. Don’t allow yourself to he fooled by this kind of mixed planting. It may be allowable to grow small fruite, etc., among the trees in a young orchard, possibly for a dozen years. -—S8¢. David’s day having come and gone, St. Patrick is due for bis inning next. FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN. ish trimmings for linen costumes. with artistic decorators or housewives. Any treatment, that is out of the ordinary, shelves across the tops of doorsor windows, is st1ll desirable. Skirts are growing fuller and fuller, and the wise girl in buying a suit ready made will take this fact into consideration. very dressy tailor mades, indeed, have al- most an equal amount of fullness in the front and in the back of the skirts, and this is disposed in tucks,shirrings and even box pleats. Table manners are a telltale of careless bringing up. Such little improprieties as tucking your napkin securely in the bosom of your dress, lifting a glass of water by more than two fingers and the thumb, placing your fingers too far down on either the knife or fork, or scooping a baked potato out with the knife are considered an affront to perfect table etiquette. When you spread your napkin carefully over the front of your waist you make an open admission that you have not attained skill enough in the use of knife and fork to avoid spilling food apon your clothes. Blue and white and brown and white shepherd’s checks are much newer for the walking suit than the universal black and white. One ultra-modish linen shirtwaist suit has no collar, and the neck is finished with an embroidered scallop trimming similar to that on flannel petticoats. White silk mull or organdy waists, finely tucked and appliqued with lace motifs, are among the smartest separate waists of the summer. Belts to match accompany the latest col- lar-and-vuffs sets of Bulgarian embroidery. Unlined lace chemisettes finish the necks of many of the most stylish bodices thas are cut V shape in front. The loose pouch front for the blouse of a silk shirt waist suit is entirely out of fashion. A slight pouch over the top of a wide girdle is the correct thing. Mexican Tamales.—Boil a fowl in salted water until tender, strip the meat from the bones and chop it very fine, seasoning with garlic and red pepper, making it very hot with the latter. Have ready a paste made of cornmeal, wet with boiling water. Shape the meat into rolls the size of the little finger and encase each ina covering of the paste. Cut the ends from the inner husks of Indian corn, leaving the husks about six inches long, wash these in hoil- ing water, wrap each meat roll in a corn husk and tie with a narrow strip of the husk. Into the liquor in which the chicken was hoiled put two Mexican peppers, then lay the tamales in the liquor and cook for 15 minutes. The new hats suggest grateful shade with their trailing vines and gay clusters of flowers and some small fruits, peeping out from the folds and drapery of Mechlin net, chiffon or other semi-transparent tis- sue. Airy, cool-looking and altogether charming are the new foliage bats. The ‘‘foliage’” trimming is a great success— turning over a ‘‘new leaf’’ one might say. We are quite used to seeing artificial fruit used to trim our spring hats; cherries and grapes are by far the most frequent. Fresh, this season, is the string of scarlet peppers, truly decorative in shape and color. The crab-apple is also quite new. The Niagara or clear green grape clusters are really beautifal, and although it is not a pleasant idea to trim millinery with edibles, still the grapes are very pretty used on white or black straw. Leaf trimmings are among the notable successes in millinery. Violet leaves and rose leaves are used to decorate the edge of the hat brim. In many instances they cover it. Russian belts for girls and women and Russian blouses for little folk continue to he admired and worn. A loose Russian dress for a girl of eight years is made in broad pleats hanging straight down from the shoulder to the hem. The gown is of pink linen. There is a box design, very broad in the front and also in the back, and one or more side pleats are added on the shoulders, accord- ing to the breadth of the child’s little body. The side pleats extend only as far as the waist, or hardly to that point. The entire gown is very loose. The box pleats, side pleats and hem are all enhanced by a row of machine stitching in white thread, a coarse quality being used, so as to show on the pink linen. There is a stitched fold of linen, with mitred ends, used as a belt. This is. sup- ported by being passed through flat loops’ of pink linen, set absurdly low down on the gown. One rather large button cover- ed- with pink linen is used to fasten the stitched belt. The Russian gown has a turnover collar and turnover cuffs of pink linen, embroidered in white floss thread,in a Sather coarse design, which shows up well. As for jackets. The change in this branch of dress is a pronounced one. The long, tightly-fitting coats have Their place is to be filled by jackets short,shorter, shortest. Short boleros, with large bell sleeves, finished off with sleeve ruffles, are a par- ticularly smars phase of style. But the holero is not the only short form. For traveling, business, shopping and anything else the jacket coming a few inches below the waist line will be the ap- proved model. The only long coats seen will be those of guipure, et cetera. For lace coats are to strike a distinctive note in the styles of the coming season. Many of them will he elahorated further with wrist frills of soft lace or chiffon. The woman whose proportionsare in any way imperfecs—and very few of us can boast of absolute perfection in this point— bas reason to congratulate herself on the change from long to short in the matter of coats and jackets. While ro unquestion- ably distinguished and smart-looking on the tall, broad-shouldered daughter of the gode, it cannot he denied that the long coat, especially if fitted in at the waiss, ac- centnated the defects of the less ideally fashioned figure. woman wearing a suit of the kind, and have noticed how it brought out this bad point of her form. The suit was heautifally made, superbly fitted, but it robbed the lower portion of the body of some of the length so necessary to it. In looking at the wearer you thought in- stinotively of an hour glass. Linen laces of the antique or altar va- riety, macrame and Venise are very mod- Plate rails have become so hackneyed that the ordinary kind that runs straight around a room is no longer in high favor The Many of us have seen the short. legged Students As Fire Fighters. Were Unable to Save Denny Hall, Dickinson College From the Flames. Loss Will Reach $30.000. Denny Hall, the most modern of the buildings of Dickinson college, Carlisle, was almost totally destroyed by fire last week. It was located on the corner of Main and West streets. Frozen water maivs aided the spread of the flames, although the fire was under control in time to save some of the walls. The damage will amount to about $30,000, partly covered by insurance. The fire wae discovered iby several students, who saw smoke issuing from the office of W. W. Landis, of the department of mathematics on the third floor. They dashed upstaiie and broke open the door to find the room in flames. A bucket brigade was hastily formed by the students, who worked he- roically, but against such great odds that a call was sent in for the fire department. Fully half an hour was wasted in trying to open frozen water mains, and when a stream was turned on it was necessary to play it on adjoining buildings. At the time the fire broke ont there were about 150 students and teachers in the building, but all escaped without incident. The burned building was a handsome three-story structure of brown stone and bronze trimmings, with highly valued me- morial windows. It was finished in 1896 and was erected in memory of the Denny family by Mathilda Denny and Mrs. Mary Spring, of Pittsburg. It was used as a recitation building, and beld the gen- eral offices of the college ana the professors, besides the rooms of the three literary so- cieties. Its erection cost Wore than $100,- 000. In Workhouse as Hobo. Wealthy Dawson Man Has Unpleasant Experience in Washington. William H. Cochran, a wealthy coal and coke man of Dawson, Fayette county, was released from the Washington, D. C., workhouse on Monday after his brother Charles had paid his fine of $10. He was arrested last Friday as a tramp and when he told the judge that he was a coal mer- chant of Dawson, Pa., and that his family was spending the winter at Palm Beach, Fla., a roar of laugliter swept the conrt- room. Cochran left his family at Palm Beach to see the ruins of the Baltimore fire, and, meeting some convivial friends, went broke. He is a son of the late ‘‘Little Jim’’ Coch- ran, one of the pioneer coke operators of the Connellsville region, and William’s share of his father’s estate made him a wealthy man. His generosity probably £3Diatug the loss of his clothes and vala- ables. Foes WITH ALLIES.—Life is in great danger when threatened by foes that have allies in the very elements; when attacked by them, 1t is a struggle for existence. Among these foes at this time of the year are the grip, pneamonia and diphthe- ria. At the risk of telling our readers what they may already know, we will say that as a guard against these foes, these diseases prevalent now, Hood’s Sarsaparilla is en- titled to the greater confidence. I$ builds up and fortifies the whole system. Rates to St. Louis World’s Fair. Tickets to be Sold at Very Low Rates Via Pennsyi- vania Railroad. For the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to be held at St. Louis, Mo., from April 30th to December, 1st, 1904, several forms of excursion tickets to St. Louis will be placed on sale by the Pennsylvania rail- road on April 25th, as follows : — . SEASON TICKETS, good to return until December 15th, 1904, to be sold daily ab rate of $33.10 from Bellefonte. Si1xTY-DAY EXCURSION TICKETS, final limit not later than December 15th, 1904, to be sold daily at rate of $27.60 from Bellefonte. FIFTEEN-DAY EXCURSION TICKETS to be sold at rate of $22.70 from Bellefonte. Tickets of the forms named above will be sold from other stations on the Penn- sylvania railroad at proportionate rates. TEN-DAY SPECIAL COACH EXCURSION TICKETS will be sold on May 10th, and on other dates to be announced later, good go- ing only on special coach trains, or in coaches on designated trains, and good re- turning in coaches on regular trains, at rate of $20.00 from New York, $18.50 from Philadelphia, and proportionate rates, ap- piosimasing one cent per mile from other points. EXCURPIOR TICKETE BY VARIABLE RouTEs,—Season tickets and sixty-days excursion tickets will be sold via variable routes; that is going by one direct route. Variable route tickets will besold applying through Chicago in one direction at the same rate as apply for the season and sixty- day excursion tickets to St. Louis, going and returning via the direot routes.” On all one-way and round-trip ticket, reading to points beyond St. Louis, a stop- over of ten days will be peamitred- at St. Louis cn payment of a fee of $1.00 and the deposit of ticket. Castoria. 48ST OO BIA cC A'8'T 0 RI A C A 8 T O R11 A Cc A 8 .T OBI A C A 8 TT O BR I A ccc The Kind You Have Always Bought has borne the signature of Chas. H. Fletcher, and has been made under his personal supervision for over 30 years. Allow no one to deceive you in this. Counterfeits, .Imitations and ‘“‘Just-as-good”’ are but Ex- periments, and endanger the health of Children— Experience against Experiment WHAT IS CASTORIA Castoria is a harmless substitute for Cas- tor Oil, Paregoric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It contains neith- er Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It re- lieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipa- tion and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates the Stomach ana Bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. The Children’s Panacea--The Mother's Friend. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of CHAS. H. FLETCHER. IN USE FOR OVER 30 YEARS. THE CENTAUR COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY. 48-43-21m ——Nathan 8S. Plumb, a chicken fancier of Hartford, Coun., is minus his right arm as a result of a peck from one of his roost- ers. Two weeks ago Mr. Plumb reached down to take hold of a Plymouth Rock hen and a game rooster resented the in- trusion. He flew at Mr. Plumb, pecked him savagely on the thumb.drawing blood, and blood poisoning set in, so that now the arm has been amputated. ——VIN-TE-NA, a specific for Blood Dis- eases, for Sluggish Tired Feeling, Scrofulal Chronic Catarrh, Pimples, or any form of Skin Disease. * Take VIN-TE-NA it acts like magic in restoring New Blood to the system. [f not benefited your money re- funded. All druggists. Swallowed Needle Out at Thumb. Sixteen years ago, James Carlin, now Burgess of McAdoo, swallowed a needle which he placed in his mouth during the process of sewing a cover on a baseball. Last week Burgess Carlin’s thumb swell- ed to large proportions,and when a surgeon out it open he extracted the needle. EE Mork Rr1oTs.—Disturbances of strikers are not nearly as grave as an individual disorder of the system. Overwork, loss of sleep, nervous tension will be.:followed by utter collapse, unless a reliable remedy is immediately employed. There's nothing so efficient to cure disorders of the Liver or Kidneys as Electric Bitters. It’s a won- derfal tonie, and effective nervine and the greatest all around medicine for run down systems. It dispels Nervousness, Rheu- matism and Neuralgia and expels Malaria germs. Only 500, and satisfaction guaran- teed by Green’s Druggist. Medical. McCalmont & Ceo. PUTTING MONEY INTO GOOD FUEL looked after. 49-1 is spending money to good advantage, get- ting the best quality at a nominal price. One may be justly proud of the success of a hobby, and our hobby is to keep THE BEST COAL that can be found on the market. Particular attention is given to all or- ders sent in, weight and quality carefully BEST STOVE WOOD AND KINDLING WOOD. McCALMONT & CO. BELLEFONTE, PA. New Advertisements. Groceries. A YER’S, One dose of Ayer’'s Cherry Pector- al at bedtime prevents night coughs of children. No croup. No bronchitis. A CHERRY PECTORAL doctor’s medicine for all aftections of the throat, bronchial tubes, and lungs. Sold for over 60 years. “J have used Ayer’s Cherry Pec- toral in my family for eight years. There is nothing equal to it for coughs and colds, sspeciaily for children.”—Mgs. W. H. BrYMER, Shelby, Ala. 25¢., 50c., $1.00. J. C. AYER CO. All druggists Lowell, Mass. ~——FOR— NIGHT COUGHS Keep the bowels open w th one of Ayer’s Pills at bedtime, just one. 49-10-1t Plumbing etc. 200000000 seceesossestanennssensesaaasssesetertnes seessasereisesntetssecaesersasserceteassnsen PLUMBER as you chose your doctor—for ef- fectiveness of work rather than for lowness of price. Judge of our ability as you judged of his—by the work already done. Many very particular people have judged us in this way, and have chosen us as their plumbers. R. J. SCHAD & BRO. No. 6 N. Allegheny St., BELLEFONTE, PA. )sessssccesssccecesssssnasssssssossessnnne 000000000 0sessereccetretess races, ececene New Advertisements. MINE EQUIPMENT. mem CATAWISSA CAR AND FOUNDRY COMPANY, CATAWISSA, COLUMBIA CO., PA. BUILDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF Bituminous Mine Cars. Every type. Mine Car Wheels. Plain. Solid hub oiler. Bolted cap oiler. Spoke oiler. Recess oiler. Mine Car Axles. Square, Round, Collared. Car Forgings. Bands, Draw bars, Clevices, Brake, Latches, ain. Rails and Spikes. Old 15% New. Iron, Steel and Tank Steel and Iron forged and prepared for any service. We can give you prompt service, good quality, lowest quotations. Distance is not in the way of LOWEST QUOTATIONS. TRY US. 48-17-2m Groceries. WE Are now selling the finest Cream Cheese we have ever had—price 16cts. per pound. SECHLER & CO. RELLEFONTE, PA. 49-3 on HRN OUSE AND LOT FOR SALE.—A very desirable home on east Bishop St., Bellefonte, is offered for sale. The house is modern and stands on a lot that alsohas a front- age on Logan St. Call on-or write to . Mrs. SARA A. TEATS, 46-30tf Bellefonte, Pa. Jewelry. VV EERE TO GET. The Latest Novelties, DIAMONDS, WATCHES, STERLING SILVERWARE, ETRE CLOCKS, JEWELRY, POCKET BOOKS, UMBRELLAS. SILVER TOILET WARE, An abundant Stock at Moderate Prices. rm [ (3 | es F. C. RICHARD’S SONS, 41-46 High St. BELLEFONTE PA Meat Markets. GET THE BEST MEATS. You save nothing by buying, r, thin or gristly ar I use only oe LARGEST, FATTEST, CATTLE, and supply my customers with the fresh- est, EE st blood and muscle mak: ing Steaks and Roasts. My prices are no higher than poorer meats are else: where. x always have ——DRESSED POULTRY, Game in season, and any kinds of good meats you want. Try My SHor. 43-3¢-1y P. L. BEEZER. High Street, Bellefonte AVE IN YOUR MEAT BILLS. There is no reason why you should use poor meat, or pay exorbitant Prices for tender, juicy steaks. Good meat abundant here- abouts, because good catiule sheep and calves are to be had. WE BUY ONLY THE BEST and we sell only that which is good. We don’t romise to hy it away, but +g will furnish you 80oD MEAT, at prices that you have paid elsewhere for very poor. \ ——GIVE US A TRIAL— andsee if you don’t save in the long run and dn (ou ave been ed you . wa) GETTIG 4 KREAMER, Brrreronte, Pa. Bush House Block 44-18 EE AT RE TSO. Sewing Machines. MPROVED.. ELDREDGE |] «B” FOR The name Eldredge has Sioon 3x the BI Tin e ewln, acnine Tain Hor 3 oe Eldred, ere is a New redge YEARS BETTER than EVER, and Superior to all oth- ers. Positive take-up ; self setting need- le; self threading Scuttle ; automatic tensi rel automatic bobbin winder; Jogiive four motion feed : cap- ped needle bar; ball bearing wheel and pitman; five ply laminated woodwork with a beautiful set of nickeled stee Sitachments in velvet lined fancy metal 0X. Ask your dealer for the Improved Eldredge *B,”” and do not buy any machine until you have seen it. NATIONAL SEWING MACHINE CO BELVIDERE, 1LLINOIS. 93 Reade Street, New York City. 46 Madison Street, Chicago, Ill. 48-39-6m Hearst Building, San Francisco, Cal. J =F RECEIVED New invoice Porto Rico Coffee— Fine goods but heavy body — use less quantity. At 25cts cheap- est Coffee on the market. SECHLER & CO. 49-3 BELLEFONTE, PA. New Advertisement. OOD WANTED.—‘We are buying : the following kinds of pulp wood : Jack- pine, yellow pine, white pine, hemlock, maple, eech, birch, elm, ash, cherry, gum, buttonwood, willow, apple, butternut, locust, hickory, poplar, bass, cucumber and quakenasp. Advise quantity of each kind for sale and shipping point.” New York &;Pennsylvania Co., Lock Haven, Pa. . J. J. HULBURT, Purchasing Agent for the Lock Haven Mills. 48-31-6m* CHICHESTER’'S ENGLISH ENNYROYAL PILLS. Original and only genuine. Safe. Always re: liable. Ladies ask druggist for Chichester’s Eng- lish in Red and Gold metallic boxes, sealed wit blue ribbon. Take no other, refuse dangerous substitutes and imitations. Buy of your druggist or send 4c in stamps for particulars, testimonials and ‘Relief for Ladies,” in letter, by return mail, 10,000 testimonials. Sold by all grog ists CHICHESTER CHEMICAL CO. 47-14-1y Madison Square, Phila., Pa Mention this paper. . F YOU WANT TO SELL standin A timber, sawed timber, railroa ties, and chemical wood. IF YOU WANT TO BUY lumber of any kind worked or in the rough, White Pine, Chestnut, or Washington Red Cedar Shing- les, or kiln dried Millwork, Doors, Sash, Plastering Lath, Brick, Etc. 0 to P. B. CRIDER & SON, 48-18-1y Bellefonte, Pa. Groceries. Fok A CHANGE On Breakfast Food—Try our Grape Sugar Flakes. It will please you. SECHLER & CO. 49-3 BELLEFONTE PA Flour and Feed. C URTIS Y. WAGNER, BrockeruOFF MiLrs, BELiEronTs, Pa. Manufacturer, and wholesaler and retailers of ROLLER FLOUR, FEED, CORN MEAL, Etc. Also Dealer in Grain. Manufactures and has on hand at all times the following brands of high grade flour WHITE STAR, OUR BEST. HIGH GRADE, VICTORY PATENT, FANCY PATENT-—formerly Phoe- “nix Mills high grade brand. The only place in the county where SPRAY, an extraordinary fine grade of Spring wheat Patent Flour can be obtained. ALSO: INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD. FEED OF ALL KINDS, Whole or Manufactured. All kinds of Grain bought at office. Exchanges Flour for Wheat. OFFICE and STORE, Bellefonte. MILL - Bishop Street, ROOPSBURG, AA TATA TA TAA TAL TAT,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers