WATCHMAN. , P.XTrt.A GOVERNOR'S ESSAGR To the Renate and Ilinan. of Reprenentalineß of the Commonwealth of Pennnylranta: ianTi.aMEN:--,A n All-wise Providence has permitted you to assemble under cir cumstances demanding profound gratitude to the Great Lawgiver of the Universe. Our acknowledgments are first due to him whose band line not grown weary Jn show ering blessings In profusion urffin ft& peo ple In every department of nilinatry. and crowning their toil with richest rewards. 'Elie circumstances under which ymi commence the duties of the present session are Indeed, auspicious; and at no former period In our history has there been greater 'uric for felicitation upon the Inestimable blessings we enjoy, and the happy and prosperous condition of our great and growing eommonwealt The meeting of the general assembly is nlways n matter of deep interest to the people, and perhaps never Inure no than now, when an unusual amount of necessa ry general legislation will occupy your at tention, and questions of the highest im portapee are to be discussed mud deter mined upon. I sincerely trust your indus try nail faithfulness In the performance of the Important work betore yon, will win you the prond title of "the win - king legis lature." Amid such circumstances our MIA - anti& should be directed to n careful review of all the most important and essential inter ests of the state; and in the exercise of that discretion which the constitution has rou nded to the executive, I proceed to commit ideate such Information and to recompuind to your consideration such measures I% are deemed necessary rand expedient. As first In order and most Important, I will present a carefully prepared and pre else statement of the financial condition of the commonwealth. EZEIESECI It affords me pleasure to congratulate the people upon the satisfactory condition of the treasury. Every demand upon It for ordinary and other expenses has been promptly ixtid, and the public debt mate rially reduced, which has inspired such mildly confidence in the securities of the commonwealth as to cause them to com mand the highest premiums in the market. The operations of this .department will he presented to you more fully and In detail In the reports of the auditor general, state treasurer and commissioners of the sinking fund. The following statement exhibits the receipts and disbursements for the cal year ending November 30, 1870: RECEIPTS. Manure In Treasnry, Nov. 30,1869... 81,400,862 49 Ordinary recelptn during the fiscal year ending Nov. 30, 1879 6,136,603 24 Total In Treasury during year end log Nov. V. 1870 87,737,485 73 DIBBURBEIWENTS Ordinary expenses paid dm Ijig the year end ing Nov. SO, 1870 &2,9.66,&72119 Imam, etc., redeemed.. 1,702, 14 79 05 Interest on .... 1,864,511 77 'Ffll3l Balance In Treasury, November 30, 1870 81,30x2,94282 PUBLIC DEBT. The nubile debt doe on November 11, leno, ... t12.,.1 11 1,r.1d Deduct amount re deemed by sinking huul commissioners during the fiscal yeas' ending November 30, 1870 111,6W2:'21 31 Amount redeemed by tremmrerduringsame time... Tobe Iff Total imblle deb!, November The following statement shows the na titre of the indebtedness of the COIIIIIIIIII wealth, November 30, 1870: Funded debt, vlz Anll .11 over .1111.1o:tn.+ Slli7,lco Amountllayal,le In 1871, Interest 1 cent .. Amountibayable In 1872, interest 11 per edit.. A mount payable in 1872, interest 5 tier vent.. Alumina payable U 111177, Interest e per vent.. .5 !mond. pa)able111 1 / 1 77, Interest 5 per vent... A mount. payable In 1878, Interest 5 per cent... Amount payable In 18711, Interest Ii per cent... 4110,1301 m Amount payable In 1882, Interest 5 per cent... 1,1:V1,1110 on Amount payablelnlBB2, Interest 414 per cent . 112,000 no ay Amount pablellllBo2, Interest fi per cent MB= 1151213 =I IMMO IMMEI I=l Er= linfitniled debt, viz: KeliA iiidev lit eireitla lII= [loll I uterest cert out EBBE • standing Interest mil I icates nl claimed Domestic creditors' cur [grates . MIMI Total public debt, Nov. :10, 187t1, above stated $31,111,661 00 ~~ On the fifteenth day of January, 1867, the total indebtedness of the state was thirty-seven million Well hundred and . four thousand four hundred Mid nine dollars and seventy-seven rents. Since then, anti up to November 36, 1870, the sum of mix million lice hundred and ninety-den thousand seven hundred and forty-seven dollars and eighty seven cents has been paid. The reduction during the year ending November 30, 1870, is one million seven hundred and two thou sand eight hundred and seventy-nine dollars and Ave rents. The average reduction per annum, for the last four years, is one million six hun dred and forty-eight thousand one hundred awl eighty-seven dollars. In view of the fact that prior to the first of July, 1872, nearly eight million dollars of the public debt will be due, and in order that the commonwealth may continue to meet all its obligations promptly at matu rity, I recommend that such provision be made by the legislature as will authorize the commissioners of the sinking fund to sell all the assets that may be in their pos session and..apply the proceeds to the ex tinguishment of the debt; or, at the option of the holders, to exchange them for the outstanding bonds of the commonwealth. The dude tt.wlness of the state might be paid Lu the following manner: As already shown It was, on November 30, 1870, about 1131,000,000, from which amount, if the said assets, $9,000,000, be deducted, there would remain unpaid $21,500,000. After which, estimating the revenues and expenditures to continue as at present the entire liabili ties of the state could be liquidated lu about el l- I AL Mode of paying the state debt should be regarded as unnecessarily rapid and oppressive, then a movement to revise and modify taxation may meet with much mote general favor. Our debt is now held firmly by those to whom it is a great benefit to have so secure au investment.. A cer tain reduction of $1,000,000 per annum on it Would, rhare, be mere satisfactory to them ana to the people than to strive to pay it off so hastily. In an endeavor to force things under the present mode of taxation, there is a great danger of driving capital away from our manufuc tering centres. The landholder has been exempted from taxes on his land for state purposes, and the burden shifted upon the active, energetic and enterprising pow- „ Wens el the community& who Isave,alwaya • bad tbeirfull shire , to; ' bear.', Thti'. farmer •• • last else, and - rue. no risk; :whilsa‘the . business manoneroludat and manufacturer are the motirt4offer'of•Alui ecuinuollty r , . F vflilahAtie Wrner 'himself must, in , a . ~....,Inewseul: ii &Mond fora realizatlon d A, ilberril , oeUer-•W • vrarMioseli m ingi - • ••msrp,itW -...,,,,_ man , factusing, - • brulktPted• MAI* __,,at *gate. ' • soic .std . in fumbralra 'lir Ves will suffer.' ,ThwA73, 'vers' 'of 'Wm Water end a 14. ,•;.,riot in' , r•Vr,y be :chilled er, 11%0401' r :-.,,0v Ahern Avithiarrablen r :the PsYllmmt.OVille ea tire luk. ~... . . ... sti n g ..,. .. The f ooo g2lot reconlimndaUM* -: iiti Mi. ..,.. eldnion, '„emprwri(!tb i l'lrue•voa:at . the , o =Men2 litelnit e SadoPted; ~ li'Aeltt.,.. :• WesiSeuronfle• •: '•=ti i s s iiii+r e 80 ‘ 7: : that tl 4 r i Ffri7 - ' Ititantialkale el;iiir t• ' ' relieved from -: ben s the- of any ••,more. . taxatifin than mayeceeseity..for.tho•, irradrialj=4. debt; witelsatil • anima aMli to *dray the. frugal . ' ~.....L e ultenulkOt the admini*mtion of the gov, Itoonomy Mat reform should no . ' •• iiiiireiVooitaa lit glittering gerunU , ,: tisk or more abstractions, .witheut, mean- • slog' or Intent, but as vital, liiing •realities , *'' . 2 '• .' COVlATanowit ,, cotimpinorr. s Veer yearCexptrirMee _iw pm executive .. ' AM' hasitiven tae abundant opportunity 1 . . •fOirluirettd observation upon rho workings .:. ot•mir fluidimunital law and the legislation ..of the state, r This medium has strongly impreesed me that t , •kW•e should boa a 'tlfr omle revision of" tM etude 00 ,, MI ; SoWannindirmlyis ita the- Will O ' a nip ~,e ct - _COVVentloSi, ' for that - 'pe • ' ' Would Best and PA OP4llt , eeilland :•• --, ' - u Y4(01 1 41001kv:e • Jo in Mon of -the -..' °Caw coostitution, and. is d entirwords: "That all , power is Miser. the people, mei all free governments • itrt OW Ait their ellibleity, and insil• '• - ' tuted for their peace, safety and happiness. -For the advancement of these ends, they :Ulm, at all thaw, unalienable and in deftrislble right to alter, reform, or abolish theirgovertmienti•in, Emelt manner as they nin,St think proper." The last convention for ride Inttposeyns held In ISM. During the thirty-two years which have since elapsed, stind4, amend• merits hive been made by joint resolutions of the general Ossembly, and In compli ance with the Wirth article of the eonstltu tion, were approved and ratified by a ma jority of the qualified voters of the State. I Thy most Important were those of 1.850, mak big the judges of the courts elective; et 1857, creating n sinking fund, regulating the public debt and legislative aistriets; and of 113114, conferring the right of suf. (rage upon those engaged in the military service of the state or nation, and Imposing sundry restraints on the power of the leg islature. These amendments, though hn portant and valuable, give an Ineongru. onus and sort of patch-work character to the eonstitution, and are not consonant with the requirements - of the times. This is a progressive period, and our state has outgrown Its fundamental law. That law should, therefore, lw made to keep pace with the age In which we live. The existing constitution, including the amendments of 1857 and 18114 Impose many wholesome restrictlona on the power and Jurisdiction of the legislature; Nit experi ence has demonstrated their Inadequacy to preteet the people against the evils intend ed to he remedied, and especially those of corporate power, and of special and local legislation. The pamphlet laws for the last four years show that the general laws for each session made only about one hun dred pages, whilst the local and special legislation for the same period amount an nually to about thirteen hundred and fifty. The resulting evils are manifold and ag gravated; and prominent among the rea sons and suggestions why a remedy should be applied, I respectfully submit the fol lowing: First.—Different systems of laws for roads, bridges, schools, elections, poor houses and many other things, are enacted for the several counties, townships and boroughs, on subjects which ought to be reg ulated by general laws, operating uniform ly upon all. Second.—lt is impossible for the citizens, judges of the courts, or members of the legal prOtesson, to acquire or retain an ac curate knowledge of the varying system of laws in their respective districts; and fre quently on removal from one county to an other, our people find themselves under al most entirely different codes. Thfrd.—Practically, the whole theory of our constitution and government is subver ted and deAtroyed by the present system of local enactments. Representative govern ment Is based on the Idea that the laws shall be framed by, and be the result of, the collective wisdom of the people's repre sentatives. But what are the actual facts? The minds and efforts of the members are so wholly absorbed by private and local bills that it is almost impossible to get a gen eral or public actconsidered or passed. The special and local bills are usually drawn by the member representing theiocality, or by some one from the district interested In the proposed law. By what is called courtesy, It is considered a breach of etiquette for any member of the senate or house to In terfere with or oppose n merely private or local bill of any other member. Theresuli is, the bills are pasted as originally pre pared, without examination or comparison of views, often crude and 111-digested, and without regard to constitutional require ments or sound public policy. Some of the , worst of these hasty and badly considered enactinets are arres ted every year by executive interposition; but In the nature of the ease the veto nt best cam only be made n partial restraint upon the evil' and nothing eall eradiente it. short of constitutional prohibition. Mnirth.—Special legislation Is the great and impure fountain of corruption, private speculntlons and public wrongs. It has beemne a reproach to rePublican govern ment, and Is one of the most alarming evils of the times. Judicious amendments to the constitution would arrest and de stroy the growing evil; and it Is the duty of every patriotic citizen to en-operate in all lawful measures to effect so desirable a eonsummation. In the enactment of laws a 111 , 111 . 10 change is demanded. Every bill loresenteti for adoption should be rend, al. east onee in full, rind the yeas anti nays be recorded on its final passage. Mith.—lt is important that the state eonstitutlon should be made to conform to the constitution of the United States as r cently amended. Sixth—The subject of minority repre sentation Is now much agitated and is re ceiving a large share of consideration among thoughtful and considerate men. It embraces problems of great political Im portanee, and its manifest Justice com mends it to public favor. Whilst some of the objects It proposes might he obtained by legislative enactments, the general principles involved are so elementary and radical, they should, if adopted, be Incor porated into the fundamental law. Seventh—The members of the general as sembly should lie increased in number. Eighth—There should be a fundamental limitation to the powers of corporations. Ninth.—There is absolute necessity for greater and for for the public funds rd for their proper distribution. Tenth.—The state treasurer, superintend ent of common schools, and a lieutemmt governor, the latter to preside over the sen ate, and perform the duties of governor in VaSe Of 1118 obscure, SIVICIWSH pr death, should be elected by the people - . The at torney general, secretary of state, and the adjutant general should, for obvious rea sons, continue to be appointed by Ow gov ernor. MEM =MEI ITEM Eleventh.—The day for holding the an nual elections could, with great propriety, be changed from the second Tuesday In October to the same day in November on which nearly all the surrounding states now hold theirs. This would dispense with one election every fourth year, and prevent invasion from other states for the mirpose of interfering with our elections, as the citizens of each state would be occu pied with their own. The season, too, would be more satisfactory to the people of the agricultural districts as it would not interfere with the harvesting of their corn and other summer productions. The necessity for constitutional reform is appreciated and admitted by all who have reflected upon the subject, and with out distinction of party, the press has been outspoken ' and has almost unanimously sanctioned the calling, at an early day, of a constitutional convention. For these reasons and many others equal ly Important which might be enumerated, I earnestly recommend that the legislature make provision for a convention to thor oughly revise and amend the constitution of the state. REVISION OF THE CIVIL CODE The commissioners to revise the statutes have completed their work. The entire laws of the commonwealth, Including those of British origin, except such as relate to crime, have been revised, collated and sys tematically arranged In a volume of less than three hundred pages, or about one third the size of Purdon's Digest. Our laws are the accretions of one hundred and seventy. years. Many of them are Incon gruous and disjointed enactments, which have been increasing, from time to time, by fragmentary legislation, without any attempt at system, logical arrangement, or conciseness of language. From the ex examination I have been able to give the revision, I am satisfied that In the discharge of their duty, the commissioners have ex ercised great diligence, ability and consci .entlous desire for Its successful ao,ompllsh ment. . IL cannot bo . presumed Abet a work' of. such magnitude .' Is perfect In. every o particula r , mind how rat It may answer the . for lvlilliAz a ie undataken, !.rentalns' tei be, de %Lands, . That it Is an °vowed noon ,1 7 diort . T.M. litendecW'su plyr.the i rf:&vo i rOm..for utit.:'Tt'adh Irc the , to tba'texe , 9 Andst# l ll .- . 1 0. „ - tk . I .ebangea to rneetpreeen tatt...ernichfAvere .mieneetiga i dare=eymere.fir v at ea 040,. andalso. ~PreYbderis , w?defi , the lifoltreM of 't a age rell*MLAWorkilyf, presenilid 4 IMMIX* . PatiPIANI ''SVlthOl.g, 'oranges, making It the. 1 basis.forsue ameruhuents as time sgid no.;', 1•9099ifY may suggest, or ,as maybe. ream. Mended byliin jolnvoonimigee to which It litir r er d lia * erMr t w i tr4 Y i t e l eit % l it . searite.ol4telth i llifi)i iiiive'ft6. l'filPed , . - i ive:lhOe. ' , rowi,MUch qt:,mirr. 1 lotion Into Um dour* where It ybe :of r,lyrlelelesp.thootivenlerear.:. irh. tereotetrila..L.,,, , M o aff!r90 .44 9 1 ,4 1 0 °Pr annual' Pendltare*r. , ~... • ... ‘,.., , e, , '" - A irt4T9 9l " minaft.PLCAPJEfflsfi.oksmi'• ''' At tlailast goatskin of 'the .legliaritiire an act Was *wed entitled "An set to , allow. 'Wrliel qt error In oases of murder and yoh. untary manslaughter.' • The.ienit'seeelen' provides that a writ of error "shall be of right, and may be_sued out upon "the oath of the defendant or defendants, ,as in OW ~ The second on makes It the duty of the Judges eaDrente. eourtp in all such cases; to re ew both the law Our the , • . " rer a. thistrue t tiro la Olred or@ enactment w the defendent to - elk* that . son* error had been *Thmitted by the - court on the trial,' and'.to- show awe, - *within •,tldrty days, why the writ of error *bold be granted; but tbis le* giver* a writ, whether any error is alleged or nor. sAll allows the defendant seven years in which to issue it, asvording to Mop/wet* in siva Omar Here tofore the 131LOCUUVO did not ordluarily sue the wirrant for eseeutifm of any OTIM IASI HAW the explatlee oc the thirty days within which he was Otrealtted to apply for his writ of error. at , litnltation,of thirty days being now virtually tepee - fed, and seven years substitntet?therefor, It expeeted the warrant shall* withheld. for the seven years? n not, :then mg It preperly Issue 7' And It issued nt key Urns within the seven years, may not the mind nal supercedo it at any time he please/kby MA writ of error? And may It not too rba sonnbly expected that this will be the prac- Heel result in every such ease? rids would seem like trifling with very serious matters; and I respeetfulirsubmlt whether the act of last session &Add not lie re pealed, or very materially modified with out delay. In my message of the 10th of ,February, MO, returning the bill with my objections, I gave sundry reasons why it should not be approved, and the VieIVFI therein expressed remain unchanged; and the supreme court of the state in the recent lihoeppe case, expressed their opin ion of this enaetment as follows: "It is not Improper before closing to say a few words In reference to the net, of 18711, to draw attention to some of its defects, and ; to the radical change in our criminal pals prudence lt will produce. It was passed for this ease, but owing•to the governor's veto it came too late. It is another evi dence that laws which are the offspring of feeling are seldom wisely framed. It coin mandn this court to review the evidence, and to determine whether the Ingredients to constitute murder in the find, degree were proved to exist; and yet in forgetful ness of the former law, it provides no means to take, preserve and bring up the evidence. This, the first attempt to act under it, proves Its Inefficiency, the Judge below returning to our rettiorari that he was not able to make the return of the evidence. Ile is not bound by law to take the testimony or to certify to It. A bill of exceptions brings up only so much of the evidence as may be required to explain the point of law contained in the bill. "The effect of this law seems not tolleve excited attention. It has changed the whole doctrine °Mho criminal law as to the speed and &dainty of punishment, and left to the felon both the hope and a door of escape, not only from the de lay, but by prison breach, and all the mid i/11R means of avoiding retributive Jostles. At thin moment two cases occur to my memory of convictions of murder In Alle gheny county, delayed by dilatory motions, where the prison doors opened by unknown means, and the prisoners escaped forever. Any murderer may, under this law—though like Probst he may have murdered a whole family—take out his writ of error, without limitation of time or condition, whether in prison under sentence, or stepping upon he trap of the gallows, with cause or with out it, and suspend his case until the next term of the supreme court. No one could condemn him, if the death warrant not preventing, he should wait till the term of the supreme court be passed, and then take out his writ of error to delay the execution of his sentence for a whole yei only security to the public Won of the case and allowan for cause, is repealed. APPORTION% • NT. The Important duty de olves upon you to apportion, in accordanc with the last cen sus, the representation to the general. as sembly and to cong This will be among the most laborious add difficult works of the session. In its performance, it Is presumed and trusted that you will be jaided and governed by,,a ; strict sense of ustice and impartiality to) all parties and to every district in the state, so that no well-founded reason begiven for complaint or censure. . . Under the laws of the state it is made the duty of the county commissioners of the rests:olre counties to make returns to the gove:,..or of the septennial enumeration of taxables On or before the first Tuesday of December. Not one-fourth of these returns have yet been received, although the at tention of the vommissioners was invited to the subject by special circular from the secretary of the commonwealth. As soon as the returns come to hand . the necessary abstracts 1011 be made out and forwarded to the legislature. I= The report of the superintendent of com mon schoots shows that there are now within the state 2,002 school districts; 14,- 212 schools; 2,802 graded schools; 13,100 directors; 79 county and other superin tendents; 17,012 teachers, and 142a,891 mi dis. This is an Increase Over the preeed- ng year of 31 district:4; 270 schools; 447 graded schools . , 200 directors; :1 superin tendents; 470 teachers, and 13,138 pupils. Thu cost of tuition for the past year was $3,745,475 81; building, purchasing and renting school houses, $2,703,044 34; eon tingencles, $1,105,220 03; other expendi tures, $95,475; making a total of $7,771,- 701 20. Estimated value of school prop erty, $15,837,183. Average salary of male teachers, $4O 65 per month; length of school term, 0.06 months, and the cost per month of each pupil 9$ cents. In addition , to the above, live normal schools are recognized by the state. These are intended specially to Instruct in the art of teaching, and to furnish suitalile teach ers for the common schools. The many highly qualified instructors that have grad uated therein, afford a sufficient assurance of their success and usefulness. They have aided materially in the rapid ad vancement of our general and widely ap proved educational system. Since their recognition, 12,390 students have been re ceived into them; and 2,671 are now en rolled. There are 641 professors and tutors. The libraries contain 8,135 volumes. The buildings andgrounds are valued at $344,- 6417; and the furniture and apparatus at $75,000. Besides the schools that receive legisla tive support, there are in the state 601ri vate schools, seminaries and academ ies, employing 848 teachers and having 24,815 students. The estimated value of their property is $600,000, and the animal amount received for tuition $380,000. There are also thirteen colleges, with 157 professors and tutors, and 2,805 students enrolled. They own much valuable prop erty, and their libraries number 95.000 vol- umes. These statistics will, doubtless, prove in teresting to all who peruse them, and those relating to the common schools merit the especial attention of the legislature. The prosperity and happiness of all communi ties depend, more than anything else, upon their general intelligence. Idleness, im morality, crime and poverty abound most where ignorance prevails. The greatest wealth a people can possess, and the highest political freedom and power they can attain, are based upon and derived from a sound and generous education. Freedom from the many evils that disturb the peace of society; social harmony; good and healthful government, and all the mul tiform blessing that conspire to produce human happiness, are its legitimate fruits. Money judiciously expended by any com munity for the mental training of Its youth, cannot be lost; it will not fair to return In due time, bearing a liberal Interest. The adminible working of our Pennsylvania school system are everywhere admitted, and its great success Is chiefly owing to the generosity of the legislature by which it has been scrkimily and so benefi cently nurtured, and It. Is sincerely to be trusted that it will never weary In this praiseworthy work, which has thus far been so well accomplished and so abun dantly rewarded. SOLIHERW ORPHANS' SCHOOLS. Your attention is respectfully invited to the report of the superintendent of the soldiers' onahane schools, for the, year ter minating May 31 181E4 , Since the first organization 'of theee schools the the number of children ad mitted lo 6,053. And`during the same peg rifw ,the • diecluirgee.f , ibeirinA, •dera. , .ontonM to ttmeileoding AB 14 o 5 0.,, 0 111 it tile dose of tne'yeef; 1 4 ? f Whew 2, 41 , .1 .—'*:l 'Z i i :A l W' 9 'l .l ?l ll F P l.ll . l r9 . R u ' l , , 1.10110 . CR, ~. , .' , • ~, , ~,,,•: May •'' ' _,. ' Utt • l a t il li ttt/Irill i * l4= W ijW 1 : : 11 411. In 8, in',77l WIC,' VAN 111 , 74, , , rAii, rnhirtifi , :' ... 1114;.14 , 11part s e4 3fro 7°l l* ' lt? ' 1 1 bagrt, Ili liseroldlaterriss An .001 , Qo '-' Wish initibe A ge ot toslmanithe ~. hard Ilk" Mi l l is k aiWerVitto. 4343". ' vullys e •Ii clo* an of-chlid=ore ' pt. To,Jor ii i44, Oaf eofteelltlen rAdt. w inkr , - 4 g , 'be"toildWee' — , • In austiiii tho next UM i' "ifinf ;, : ll be loorwthan ;kb? • ; . • . . 1 : 1 . - ' :01V80,- - ,nus A 6 ~ :c ' ' 1 Xeitt 13: Geo, an * 11111. .-8 • rl l- A 1 1 ,071 , 44 , .k r dwiro."...der 00 A." Hytmus so 11,,,,,,ti0 of tiorPresou dtecroswin'n 'Oolle , morOthl4l:.o.rns WOO ' pester portion ' QV' Ifiehoobli''iu24,.. ti children renuthdilif hi eel will , frontlani to thneheye to ho concentrated #1 a fe bea t the echcolomblels shell be ( W= 464410 ? 1 to °Wee up the cement. ,:t . , L The expendltgec of s the system fin* ile school year en Akar pi. - me, tinr• ac Wire. viz: .. ~.4), ~ 319 4112 1 trat a te si '' ' . 'ml ' • 4 LI. Ot Fe.9o , r l d t v '.',.. rt? '',',•',e 3 . 9 ° o °Muir " ' . 1" .....' '''' .. ' _A hi 1,474 Co Po ed • 1 1 ,!.'.....4aMaaae, a 7 • , • Wi g .4*;',4144,•ca.'"1 4. 4 , 1 r 2 )r ' e 14 4;0.7 4 4 4 Wii4L44,i: ,. . "- ' To simulate:T. ',,..% ... . . ~.'i 611,1118 al wilwennr• • •• ~ :.. .. .... ; : 4okno in hik„. • :•,••••;.•;;. ...... .: .. ........13,W The stm4 oppFolptisl is tor:tbii hinonot . . estimated by -the superintendent In his tn port of. 1809, bid °Wing to the extreme pressult of the itMartilans and relatives of many ftiMgent and Buffeting applicants tha stlVerilitendoht, With my eemicilit, ad' fitted large* number of bbildrett than lie orial: tally Mitimated fort tlt.MVance, as above stilted,- has fot thiedrenalnytteeessatily and unavoidably accented. : - , Ender an act entitled "An net to provide means for the establishing a soldiers' or phans' school In (*eh state normal school district In this commonwealth, now desti tute thereof," approved April la, 18(17, and n snpplement thereto, approved Mandl '2ll, 1808, the sum of *21,000 was advanced Mit of the state treasury as a loan to five In stitutions. These being' fully established are repaying Ms loan nt the' info of five Mer cent, quarterly, as vivified In the act, ixteen thousand eight hundred dollars of this loan remained unpaid on May 31,1870, and owing to the change of the form of settlements which by law went Into opera tion at that time, it was, unexpectedly to the superintendent, deducted from the ap propriation by the accounting officers, and consequently bills for education nod main tenance for that sum and the above bal ance remain unpaid. No special appropri ation for this nmount Is asked; but nll that Is required is the passage of n Joint reso lution authorizing Its payment from the sum appropriated for the expenses of the current year, which in consequence of n reduction in prices, I' mil Informed will ex ceed them to about the amount of the said balance. The early passage of such a resolution Is necessary, because the institution to which tine money Is due cannot afford to wait long for It without serious Inconvenience. Pro vision should also be made by the legisla ture that, as the said sum of 1{16,800 is re paid in quarterly instalments by' Institu tions from which it is due, It shall be applied to the reimbursemen t of the funds appropriated for the advances thus made. The superintendent estimates the expen ditures for education, nutintenance, cloth ing, etc., of 3000 children, during the year terminating May 31, 1872, at $lOO,OOO. After a careful examination I find it cor rect and respectfully request an appropria tion for that amount. This estimate will, It is believed, enable the superintendent to admit all proper applicants. It is R 20,000 less than the appropriation for the eurrent year, and it Is confidently anticipated that hereafter each succeeding estimate for an nual expenses will be much more largely decreased. I have personally visited, inspected and examined quite a number of these schools since the adjournment of the huff, legisla ture; and I do not hesitate to pronounce mast of them superior, in all respects, to any other institutions of a similar charac ter in the country. The supervieon of the superintendent and the male and female inspectors has been exceedingly faithful and effective; and those having th ' schools rge, with hut few exceptio s, have • a devotion to their duti s, and to Ile children, unexaep. y- st paren- I=3 ce of the wilt the In res tionable as I tai affection. The sanitary condition of these children is one of the most remarkable features of the schools. During the five years they have been In operation, out of 5,053 child ren, only seventy-one have died, which Is but a little over one and four-tenths per cont. of the entire number for the whole time, or less than three-tenths of one per cent. per annum. These facts arc incon testiblo evidences of the care and attention that have been bestowed upon these insti tutions. The establishment of these schools, and the liberal encouragement anti support they have received, have met the approval and admiration not only of the other states of the Union, but of the entire civilized world. Philanthropists and statesmen front foreign nations are constantly making inquiries concerning the laws governing and directing the operations of our soldiers orphans' schools, their management and the results, and give fret oent assurances of unqualified commendation. The foregoing exhibit is, I trust, Hunt eientiy satisfactory to prompt a continu ance of the generous patronage already extended to an institution unsurpassed by any other of the kind in usefulness. Its benefits extend beyond the mere shelter, clothing, feeding and edueation of the sons anti daughters of our heroic dead. In gen enttions far remote its influences will stint. Wale to deeds of patriotic ardor and hero ism. liereaf ter the defenders of our coun try will not falter when they reflect that should they fall, they have in the common wealth a parental protector of their be loved ones, who otherwise would be left desolate and neglected. The state has abundant cause to rejoice in what it has done for its soldiers' orphans, and to be troud of these schools, which now consti ute the brightest jewels that adorn its crown of glory. ACHIM) LTURA L COLLEGE. This institution appears to be gradually accomplishing the objects for which it has been liberally endowed by the state. It has about sixty students who arc instructed, not only In the ordinary branches of litera ture and science, but In all the field opera tions necessary for a thorough agricultural educhtion. The experimental farms, established un der the supervision of the officers, have thus far answer d their expectations. • The experiments therein are carefully recorded; every incident of cultivation, the nature of the seed comm tted to the soil, its incep tion, growth, progress and results, to gether with the conducing causes, being accurately noted. The publication of these observations, made in different parte of the state, with various climates and soil, under the guidance of skilled agriculturalists, will impart valuable lessons for the benefit of the practical farmer, and, doubtless, be the means of establishing a "science of agri culture," having its foundation in the wis dom of experience. 'rime report of the trustees furnishes a full description of the educational and financial condition of the college, together with the progress and re sults of the experimental farms during the year just ended. Your attention Is Invited to the accom paning report of the adjutant general, for the details of the transactions of the de partment during the past year. The ne cessity of a military power in the state, subordinate and auxiliary to the civil au thorities, has been so fully discussed, and so generally admitted as to render any ar gument on the subject entirely superflu ous. It is admitted, on all hands, that a thoroughly organized and well [disciplined military force contributes essentially to the maintenance of the peace and good or der of society, and to the security of the persons and property of citizens. It has been my desire and aim to constitute such. a force to aid the civil authorities, should an emergency arise, in the suppression of of public tumult or disorder. This has been effected more successfully than was at first anticipated. In 1866, there wore but eight volunteer companies in the state,• at the close of 1869 there one hundred and eighty-four; to which number one hundred and fifty-eight companies were added last year. In the meantime thirty have been disbanded, leaving three hundred and eleven organized and active military com panies now recognized by act of the leg's .lature as the "National Guard of Penney' vaula." From the company organizations four teen regiments and five battalions have been formed. Whilst I am not disposed to encourage regimental organizations of cav alry or artillery, they being unnecessaril lame and expensive, I regard separates. Independent troops and hatteries of Weep , . branches. 'gibe, service , [Method to int:. gades,or divielone;llB blnilk Important, _ * The iinota of , annsdue enusylvardalms been drama front the general-government; Thia ' sitiounrod. to - forty•flve Jtninlyed, bnevalt4mdlng *Altleausleete And aceolatte._ mannh', nllti a piropoti t lonete-supPly of ;the proper OmMigkitlon, These have Ix= dhk, tributek, as pro: j e by the•Aftreeveeth, seothet of act of 4,1864; In such mama net eh In,my JO totyllll, most effectu ally imimetie the.hdlltenfilitteteebthrid no. liieliities,o l the chauriohwealtuM - - •, • . , :i 7 : itg heretofore Meted all the 'stti *ill , Aux ilepertinents met during' the' Vote 1 have been inereedinto t of the nOdant general, - Thee - -depe_rtinent Is now.th.e.:4o: `Aril ,postto .0411 ourualltidy reoordeet i r t V v, 'Arid velite'Of tidnehare none ,Y. 4 : 0 7 , 0 4 dolly ageatiOPS'Of'onl elitilihiseralmiid 'merit state 'goy,. Aputis • ' attominv 'agepta,:bt •sol% for o,,,,,,.taiort'reprapen N ki ne , mutt A go i e amino TIM t', • ' " rA:" ..,' aa: 'adouitodra4slea—S!!';%a . Mill lr art ,:propett..-..b., onion 49-AlVa: MaKakNakitaMer4i lON.Sr, , s , a'AIL deptirknetit Ire.* cove" . loreblo - conaldentimot , of the legislature,.. end therscoutluutitiom: of , Mich ar e mprlattous as may:bo required; for Its e lent adiultdtdittuen • -, - • *,. , - ;* •::!.-;,' '.1035r4n0r• nellreini..' ", • • • • , mature; . . . .. .: Thejleet passed an hot an:. 0,01[1111131f the , governor "to appcdotei r ii eompoteat %pastel^ to .prepare a .isilll * bleier, • ef , Pehuhylyaula volunteers ' h .Min ix %,4lll l l4 beau or might ‘ tr i tiffetH . Wort.,:',oonfo _raluZir•lu;rawftepky.. to owlet aired' ' iiel 'r,.,. t iiiaei = 4 , l !k„ .441 1 0 1 1 1 . i nt and ...: Witir . " . 4llt Q r 4411 arid iiiibistri:aWprimetnttad VM' eblil4'.l'. The work Ars, proved ~ to MIR , maze eXtßalltrif ; ...: req to , much 36 greater" Arog b or iimsotio. % 'thaw PM at .om ."- a.. 00%, to yAmimeatli , Y .P. 4 0 4 11 4,1*1ft 141 1144 # 1 h i "' " e 'A .9raf ' ' • ` i :., - ' 4 ,4,., .: •,. ', ,i.: ,: ' 7 ""..•.., ....*,,lt'",;,' ETES= and the fifth and Ina volume will he com pleted before the that of ilone next. The book•ltself affords The beat commentary or oritlelant of the manner In which the author ban illsehareed hie duties. It puts In con else form and perpetuates the moat Im portant part of our history, which other wise Would have been forever loot. Here after It will be Inv:linable to the (miim wealth. RIGHTS OF FTIENCII CITIZENR. ay the seventh article of a consular eon venilon between France end the United States, Signed Febniary 23, 1853, 11 lillB stipulated that the citizens of the respec tive countries should mutually have the same rights to hold real and personal estate, and to enjoy and transmit the same. My attention has been Invited to tills Ruh. Ject by a letter (rain lion. Hamilton Fish, seeretary of state of the United States, dated May 9, 1870, enelosing, copy of a communleatlon (rain the minister of France to the United States, resident at Washing ton. That letter, accompanied by said seventh article, and a copy of my reply thereto, (marked A and 11), are herewith submitted to the legislature for Informa tion, and with the recommendation that the subject be carefully considered, and such act on taken thereon as will make the statutes of the state conform to on r obli gations Under the provisions of srilron vention. NATIONALCF.NIETETII Eft On the first of July, 1870, an net of con gress wan panned amendatory to the net, entitled "An act to establish and protect ,national cemeteries," approved February 22, 1867, The object of these lawn is to place under the national government the management and preservation of these cemeteries, and to secure the consent of the several states In which they are located. This consent has already been given as to the cemetery at Gettyaburg, by the net ap proved April 14,1848; end the national au thorities now ask for the saute action by the state as to the cemeteries at Glenwood, Lebanon, Mount Modell, Odd Fellows' and Woodland, in Philadelphia; and also those at Harrisburg, Pittsburg ad York. Copies of a communication on thin sub ject, from the secretary of war, and of the act of July 1, 1870, (marked C and D), are herewith transmitted, with the recommen dation that the consent of the state be given, in compliance with the laws of the United Staten. The objections heretofore existing to the payment of the appropriation for the use of the Antietam cemetery having been re moved, the sum appropriated has been paid over to the treasurer. I=l In accordance with n request to the ef fect, I submit, for your consideration, n copy of the proceedings of the national immigration convention (marked "E"), which was called by the governors of the western states, and was largely attended, at Indianapolis, Indiana, on the 23d of November, last. The main object of the convention it appears, was the adoption of such resolutions n. 4 might Induce the different states of the Union to importune congress to enact such laws as would af ford immigrants, while in tranAiht from other lands, and upon their arrival in this country, protection against the abuses to which they arc now notoriously subjected. As the encouragement of immigration, of a useful character, has always been the ap proved policy of tine government, the ob ject as presented, Is regarded as deserving of your attention. ~ THE MILFORD AND NIATAMORAB RAILROAD. About the rinse of the last session of the legislature an net was passed and appro ved, entitled "A supplement to the Milford and Matamonts railroad company." The fourth section of this enactment seems to have been intended to take from the state, and give to the company, the ten thousand dollar:41)(mm, paid into the state treasury annually by t o e New York and Erie tail road company, under the fifth section of the act of 211th March, 1(14(1. Soon after the adjournment my attention was directed to the subject, and to guard against loss I caused the attorney general to give indict. to the New York and Erie 'adroit(' com pany that the state would look to that (or oration for the payment of the annual bonus, as heretofore, notwithstanding the passage of the supplement referred to. I regard the hitter as having been enacted and approved, through inativertance, in the hurry of a closing session, and as hasty and inconsiderate legislation, at variance with the settledpone). of the state, anti Width; prejudicial to the public Interests; and I therefore earnestly recommend Its Immediate repeal, or at least so much of It as relates to the bonus. I= The question of the assumption of the control of the telegraph lines, and the char tering; of railroad companies within the state by the general govermnent, was par tially considered by the legislature at Its last session, stud is now receiving consid erable attention. Regarding the subject as one of vast importance, involving the sovereign power of the state, the interests of corporations that are enfranchised by it, and or our citizens who have investments In stocks and bonds amounting to many millions of dollars I mast earnestly invite your serious examination of It, and your early action thereon. GEOLOGICAI. SURVEY. A reliable geologieal and mineralogical survey would be of incalculable value to the state. Without it we have indefinite ideas of our vast undeveloped mineral wealth, and the expense attending it would be utterly Insignificant when compared with the beneficial results. We are, at present, without even a reliable map to in dicate the locality, character and resources of our mineral regions. And as good maps are the basis of all useful research in every department of science and the arts, espeei- ally in the practical sciences ofgeology and metallurgy, the fi rst step toward a geo logical survey is to obtain as correct a map as possible, If not of the entire state, at least of such parts thereof as are of the most importance to be studied geologically. This will be a work of labor and time, and can only be accomplished successfully by triangulating each county separately, and from the county maps thus acquired, con structing a complete and accurate map of the whole state. It is neither wise nor just policy to delay this work because It may be more perfectly effected at some future time. There is for it a present necessity, and the time never will come when such a work can be rendered perfect. There can be no such thing as a final geological re port. New developments In mineral re sources, as well as additional acquirements in scientific knowledge, will constantly be made as long as the world exists. The general voice of the business com munity and laid -ownership of the state demands this r i l; b rvey. It is especially called for by the oil regions newly discovered coal fields, an y the iron, manufacturing and rallroaCkiterests. Large portions of the state remain, to a great extent, un studied by scientific and practical men. The old survey of 1830-41 did a good work, but it is of little value now, except In a few localities. Since It was made, wonderful discoveries have taken place, and problems of structure and deposit still remain un solved,.doubtless Involving many millions of dollars in value. Then, many of the hack counties were comparatively unset tled, and scarcely any openings were made In our mineral districts, except in the an thracite coal basins and around Pittsburg. Now, the state Is full of trial shafts and private explorations; extensive forests have been cleared; roads penetrate what were inaccessible regions railways traverse whole .countlea. with. Instrumental.. field work;. many thousands of on and salt wells • have. bean bored ' : mines put In, workings. order tho• , poivolatitm , has , Nanneillif intelligence and.:grownraore ob: • ser t quit and, enterprising, and the - skJigof. thei.leologisti; metallurgist, n'ad , , , Surveyor haslestelted- a higher Magpie:of ,pefteatibm,: , -posteritythis-4te eisitmamen lit' and' it should be considered that whatever laden() 'AMAMlmatigenextdiemis • so much .eicY comp! the . the genOstlims that May: tollpwOnts mpornint•Metlonfif a , goo-. logical tinvvey lato.preseWer knowledge for • lunge nse, Whiney Meuttitilative;•andltS' - advances are elaVM , ' tuf - collect many , , chrbefore it:arrlies ecoooluslohs. For.want•Ot' proper'bu uof statistics nd - soot* of observant* and unbiletition. t.3rt.°l ;e7a,3latadteto.'7ihandeifirtfs4Yref as lldt°thuY,-.:sligrht6eare4Vofella.°'qpPuPea-yre'grelred'e°yl-.' Valuable informattaiti , has , beem lost, paver. recovered t4ind but etto.' ww,kncriviedge, of. past-pdning. and. other Sclentificeperedons half wen preservalts - gOveni'antirst the laturtienghteeri .714. AOPhar, the Orei.htitlyElon, ft &Moak cat survey' :ttutncitimd better gyps be for the Preepootivejit ttiof nut stopti,i; as font ie*Mtentaeeetwitiett'A`b . 44- 1 Nader the :sequin:Mae proved Ispdpiti,lide; I again. ted Atm Ow, 11 ,11 adtr • 4 , 0, • tptus'i s a , ward .os rOll account, of the extmt nod Importance of their philanthropic ttananctlow i n 1, half of the commonwealth. lIATTI,F. CITITTVSTIIIIICI nm informed thnt the picture of the hnttle of (lett ysluirg, painted by order o f the leglsinturv, has been cotnulcted. ,k,, this vallinble modnetion Is the property of the state, I them It Important that von should math') a committer, with whinl shall Imp leased to emopernte, to take It. In °hamar and prepnre n Once suitable for aR necommodal 1011. 'I'I SIIOIIIII be lande aufficiently enoncions and sn arranged ns to afford nn opportunity for the displa y of the flags nod other relir;i of Interest to the citizens of the state, nil to till' 111111101'0114 visitors at the ertpitni. 1111 AIN' %RE IIOI7NTIATIY LINR. The legislature, nt its session of MOO pasted an net entitled "A net to settle, d e termine and locate the southern bound ary line of the commonwealth." In em ,, formity therewith commissioners were ap pointed to net "In conjunction with Hite commissioners nn the part of the state of Delaware." That state, however, has failed, thus far, to make the lICTOVIIITy or pointments. The work, consemtentiv, re mains nnaccomplished, and the boulidary line is not definitely fixed. under ordinary circumstances this might not be regarded tis important; but when it is considered that there is a material (Mier core in the unt codes of the two states, suit that the ..ode of Delaware contains certain provisions, and authorizes thr; in fliction of punishments repugnant to all the citizens of Pennsylvania, serious evils may Rollie day arise out of the neglect to &termitic this line. It is impossible to tell what might transpire, should the state of Delaware seize upon a citizen and subject blin to the disgraceful and abhorrent pun ishment of the pillory and the whipping post, who, upon subsequent investigation, was ascertained jo have ills residence in Pennsylvaida. The Injurol party would have a right to demand, and we would he compelled to grant him satisfaction for the wrong 110 suffered. This, and other rea sons, might he urged for the Immediate settlement of this question. Pennsylvania ,does not desire, and'eannot afford, to come Itito collision a ith the state of Delaware. I= The supreme court has decided that the law requiring the owners of dams in the Susquehanna to make fish-ways In the same nt least In cases where they had pur chased their works from the ante, is on constitutional and void. Fram this de cision it does not appear that the state cannot have such ways constructed at its own expense. But this does not seem ad visable until concurrent legislation can be obtained with Maryland, that state holding both banks of the Susquehanna river at Its Mouth and for many miles above. The aniteci been brought to the attention of Maryland, the legislature of which state, nt its last session, passed a law providing for the appointment of commiasioners of fisheries, to report at its next session,Whieh will not occur until next winter. The fish eries under eon-Aeration are nearly, If not quite, as much deteriorated by the want of statutory laws for their protection as by the meelianieal obstructions in the streams. The New England states and New York have m111111011(411 the experhnent of fish propagation in the large streams north of us on quite an extensive wale. Then ex• perience will be 101(111 to us when all oh. stacles ri.na the divided state own ership of the riven shores shall have ben obviated. New .fensey 8111)14114A fish eOlll - al the last session of her legis lature, and the emottiksioner of Pennsyl vania is now in treaty with throe in refer ence to nledlsl concurrent legislation. The subject is receiving careful llitelififfil ill bout stoics by their delegated agents. It is hoped that Delaware will Join with Penn sylvania and New Jersey in the the reforms need.] ou the Delaware river. I= The urruunibal ill!! of books belonging to the ,tate, by purchase, exeltange nn4 do nation, 1 . .1 . 14 . 11S the captivity of the vasee now ill library for their ;tycoon'', dation. thousands 111 volumes, of great value, are nv+rswu•ily stored away in such a uuuuu•r a lo render 1.11011 Inacei,sl - and ciitewwwittly useless. I therefore reemmumul that the legislature authorize the construction of sullieient number of alcoves to nrcurd avilll the arehltectural ar tittiginitent of the building. These can Is• completed at moderato mist, whlmh Will be more than eompensated for in the safe keeping of the books, and in their and general usefulness. STATItiTICH. Permit me to renew lily recommenda tions concerning the collection and proper ly recording of statistical information re lating to the•development and growth of the various r*eso tures of the commonwealth. Such records are an almost Indispensable necessity. The want of them Is a source of constat d perplexity and annoyance to all the state officers, and to othor3, including United States officials and representativ6 of foreign nations, who have business with the different departments of the state gov ernment. These statistics might be gath ered, at a moderate expense, by an intelli gent clerk appointed for that purpose, and the books at all times kept open for inspec tion In the office of the secretary of the commonwealth. LAND ' , EPA lITMENT. • ne report or we surveyor general fur nishes it detailed account of the land office. During the past fiscal year 3,080 patents were Issued, eovering 537,880 acres, being more than one-fifty-sixth part of the area of the state. The great amount of work in this department requires several addi tional clerks. The insecurity of the build ings renders necessary additional iron cases or safes for the protection of the muni ments of title and other public documents. The expenses of the office, including im provements, was 823,400, whilst the re ceipts, from fees alone, amounted to $46,- 70361. EWE Herewith is submitted the report of the inspectors of mines, filled with highly im portant statistical information, to which your attention is invited. The necessity for such inspectors Is demonstrated by the number of casupitics reported, and the propriety of extending the provisions of the act by which it has been instituted to all the mlningdistricts in the state, forcibly exhibited. =EI This fearful epidemic made its appear ance at the quarantine station in June last, spreading tenor through that neighbor hood, and causing serious alarm in Phila delphia. The disease assumed its worst type, and• the percentage of mortality was extremely large. It was brought to the lazaretto, from Jamaica, by the brig "Home," whose captain died during the voyage. The vessel was detained by or der of the lazaretto physician, who, with the quarantine master and other valuable attaches of the station, fell victims to the pestilence. The second mate and pilot of the brig, in violation of orders to the con trary, and also of the 'health regulations, went to the-city, where they both died; and it has been inferred that the deaths which subsequently occurred there are partly at tributable to their imprudence. Some ehaziges seem necessary for the proper management of the quarantine. In my opinion the quarantine master should by law be required to be a nolical man, qualified to act as an assistant to the laza retto physician, and to perform the duties of that o ffi cer in ease at his absence, sick ness or death. liad this been the case when the late -physician died, the necessity for; calling turr,, hitallee from without would '.l . l ll _,SWllisaA.OPYlated, and the " sickness, suf 'Lunn; aUculitOrtality lessened. The salary of 010'0MM . ,1! lis well as ;that of Me . laza retto physielan; should be materially in ureasuutin 'artier to retain competent and resperuahle :•triett.for these Itnportant posi .llolo, --The. 'Salaries now paid were fixed .ittanryears; ago and are an Inadequate 40 _,ffirtantiatIolilot the risks and services re irpretl:,,..:. • -:'. !- .. , ' " I WO thkdAtitli of the lazaretto physician ,Ond.tbn quarantine muster I appointed two 'll.hYslelittla,''both 'of whom were known to ' have had much einwrience in yellow fever, to. "' the. ' Vitettieles. They volunteered . • • t •" 10 1: U arallleit at a time when It was dIMOUIt too tale: pttrainut nroperly mutinied. The results Prayed : till'. propriety of these ap pointmente:fitioll alter they ententil upon .1118,1 ' ilUtioS• the di,ease was eradicated and Vientatilarrisita r ii to its usually healthy' condition. 1 :4• .. • ' 2..Airateful tiolina kutgliteuts are duo to `'"xcisie4lberainat..„„,(4llol:mrd of health for their ~dllllll - f„" ,, ',1 .01 , it4fty prectintionn and personal ''dent,i—,,m,„llllll .16 • I,rovtilenco of the old '--'44'au4l:.•rt,ltio . :,, the attaches of the . " t ir a h ,, lll .. -4, oo „,„fitaltion for their feariess'ilevo t3i ik. t — ,..40 . 1, ,i,,,, , ''' . .. 4 4 ,._ 0 7 .4 1 (1 ,, t 11::. ,lll.lkllo.onfd ,l ager, liedantl - ""'" uu at an( ,of sacrificing attention r` Itart faithful . auil efficient. - s tki e 4 WM b r a e progressof thefever ."'lciWallipilidlgi.4,-- ...Phi°l-1:41iiill and other point-. : tlon — n r- /t --41...41,411.b have su ff ered it ropeti , thb7...,...,......:, !..... °Ar t , f former years when 7•• • - ':-''''littli ' made such frightful • rik . # 4 o t , ..., • ; • tiesa• . .. . "., I`., 'IN i i , ; .uolt LAid• • . " IWI 11440. Packer, ex-governori 41eth,,,,. 11 - t i n ' ,', the 27th of Sep wii46 t t liii ----V • -,..,..iirit' ul i l to of the elmade -:... •• , '-. •Ftthe -;,;',:iti.°iiiitii Justly had cause '1 ' s - 'liwito'' /if ..„ -- ,h , ilfeli6 distinguished. 44 - .'", Atiorli:::,ji,it, m u st ei • l i ti n y th occ e rua u A " ll.l 'l W ll f • Illif - Ptui , 1 ' '..:. ' , - (1)14. ,',..gb re puta on Or .. Hu. . 40, ik s tateslasti• um -40( h A..: 4,',,,, i; '1:1 4 , 4 i, g his public career I : ~...4 ..,...., A ea „ a i couluiltiAmieana • •. , . • --, . •so p mituitier 04 USW . ., , A .. • 1 ., •:1' ! 4 t d " • .. . '.. A , 4..••'.. '''. ... _ • . ._,_ - . - .7:77 branch of theofenernl ansenthly, having served two terms na apehlker of the hone. Iflo last public treat WMI that o chief magistrate of tite COlllinon9 whin'. He NM over sixty.three years of age nt the time of his death, and hies left behind him rui tin tarnished fame. Ike. William W. iVntt, late a member of the senate, departed this life on the r/th of November Inst. Ile had servetl four 1411Pren.91170 years ns rt member of the house of representatives, and was in the first yenr of his senatorial term nt the time of his death. Ile was well know and highly re speeted, unnosuming in his manners kind and courteous in his deportment, and in the discharge of his obligntions, whether of a tonal,. or n private 1111t111V Ilif won tlie es teem of those h knew The legislatuwreo will, I tlllll l4 rust, not fail to take suitable notice of the detalse of'these Iwo 411RtIngulmlied citizens, who, (hiring their life-time, were so promidentAl t en tiering servlnes for the nubile Welhird. PARDONS. Aecompanying this communication will be found the report. of pardons granted during the pant year. Compared with the inerrant. of erime, anti the )zreat number of ptrientiarsonersies, In the enmity anti thantil pi the number s 11,11.9 that of former years. In exercising clemency to wards persons convleted of Prime, I have strictly oluleavored, under all circum stances, to observe that realm] and Illsew lion eontemplated In the ronstitution, and to impartially administer that mereiful prerogative and extend its benefirent pro teetion only for the correetion of the errors of criminal hirlsprudenee, the relief of those who may Imre been "cruelly" or "excessively" punished, rind those around whom cluster mitigations and ameliorating eircumstances. The number of applirations for pardon during the past year was twelve hundred anti forty, of which sixty.two, or nye per cent., were granted, Thr commutation of sentences for good behavior in prison, in aeconlance with the law of MD, has effected favorable mulls in the ronduct of prlFunters, anti their keepers g a d it a greht auxiliary in main taining a wholesome prison discipline. Its beneficial effect will doubtless be manifest in the conduct of those who are released from prison because of Its reformatory MlN ences, and It le believed that fewer convicts discharged under it will retnrn to crlminnl pursuits than under tile old system, OF.FirRAL 11F.MAIIRR. • The cheerful aspect of national affairs is subject for congratulation. A pendent and patriotic administration has given to the eountry the substantial fruition of the victories obtained In the late struggle for freedom and the republic. The dissevered states have been restored to the Union; peace reigns triumphant through all our dominions; the national credit Is estab lished beyond the possibility of successful assault, and returning prosperity alum& In every state and department of the gov eminent. The doctrine of free trade, so benefirial to foreign Interests and so Inimical to American industry, if carried out to its legitimate results, would soon rause Allier lean labor to be absolutely impoverished, relltote the free and happy millions of toll. IT, to the 111.gra(14411.011(liti1111 of the down tnaldim population of Minim and eapltal would no longer seek enterprises thus ren dered minutia:ter:dive. Protection to our pnsiticts and manufaetures, when rightiv viewed, is proteetion to labor against eoni petion from abroad. Labor in the I 'Aided ,act's eommands higher wages than In any other country. a 'oinequently our working men ane ilie more elevated. Labor is the foundation of individual and national wealtit and those nations that have most thoroughly proteeted It from foreign competition have 111.1.11 most prosperous. During the late war the talk wank Influences of protatetion on our home industries, and upon the labor anal capital Invested were obvious in developing and raising them from their pill'llliZed 1.111111iti(111 10 the substantial prosperity whielt has shinr tervaded the country. ,an d , now, when it has Isten so transeentlently de monstrated, that wean. not only 111111. tote fend ourselves, but Willa IS I..ittally impor tant, "to depend upon and live upon ourown resourees ~" and when the advocates of free trade are endeavoring to persuade us to adopt Hie absurd theory, that "tariffs binder the development of iIIIIIISIEV 111111 the growth of wealtlc why should not the wisdom of the government make :IV:111111)1V the telll.llillgS of experiennt, and at owe lekislate for the go,sl or the people r Why should it not ',mart .tmeri van labor, maintain Its eompensatlon, give the produeer a home market, and develop the unbounded resources of the country •.' The duty on tea, nave and tropical pro- auctions, aural all imptisitorial and other taxation under the revenue laws, exeept upon luxuries, whisky mud other liquors, ' and tobacco, should lie repealed. Fortit- 1 1 [lately in Pennsylvania there is hut little, if , any, difference ,if opinion on the subject of a reasonable protective policy. You ran. 110 t legislate upon this subject, but you can, and you should, instruet your sena tors, and raspiest your representatives in congress, to use their best exertions to preserve its from the baneful intluenees of free trade, to which the emissaries of Great Britain, ant now with syren songs, so anxiously and industriously endeavoring to lure as to destruction. After'a satisfactory adjustment of duties on foreign productions, so 118 to prevent the possibility of undue eompetition from abroad, and a thorough revision and tissii fication of our systatin of internal taxation, a limit may safely be placed to the annual ' reduction of the national debt, say tat fifty million dollars, except when great pros• perity should make the treasury over pleth oric, and then the occasional unexpended balances might be used in the pureintse of additional bonds. The introduction of "Chinese coolie," or "contract labor," is one of the greatest evils that can befall the toiling millions of our country. Their presence is not only de- grading but impoverishing and paralyzing •to our patriotic and Intelligent working men. Ins a new species of slavery, equal In all its Injurious tendencies to that, the extinguishment of which cost the nation such immense treasures, and so many thousands of valuable lives. It should not be tolerated for a single moment, as its re sults will.virtually be to debate) and force our workingmen Into unnatural rivalry with the dregs of the Chinese population. Restrictive laws against this kind of labor, such ath w swould stay its further progress, should be enacted with- out any unnecessary delay. The claims against Great Britain forden redation upon the commerce of our citizens by the piratical steamship Alabama and other vessels and the disputnl rights of our fishermen in eastern waters are yet unset tled. The importance of these Issues have caused much bltterness,o, feeling, and, to a considerable degree, involve the peace and honor of the country. The alleged cruel treatment, by England, of American citizens charge(' with complicity in some of tile Fenian movements equalled only by tile historic horrors of Darmouth and Alt l dersonville, loudly call for the prompt anal humane attention of our government. These three subjects, I am Informed, are now under the consideration of the, na tional admstration, whose intention It la to settle them with us little delay as potisi ble, and In such manner as will meet with general acquiescence and approval. While two heroic nations in Europe have been engaged In deathly strife, shocking to civilization our country has been but little affeetedby it In a physical sense. But our sympathies are deeply excited tot-both people,and in the name of humanity we earnestly hopo their differences ntay 80011 be itatistaqtorily intimated and • peace re stored. t. I have observed with pleasure that Con. areas Is about to provide, by legislation, (Or MO building up and protection of the com mercial marine of our country, and for postal facilities to and from foreign coun tries by American vessels. These measures should, and no doubt will, receive the alb royal of the people. It Is also gratifying to find the mercantile, manufacturing, railway and other interests of our great commercial city of Philadelphia, moving cess witl i v n ig p o ro r, v a h li, i t i a nß l a m til 4 uretl n a ie ss ansii , me w . l isl thi irvtoc establish it first class line of . American stemnshipa to ruin between that city and European ports. The legislature will, no doubt, grant liberal franchises to effect it result that will place our CollllllollWeillfil ht fulvance of all others, in the constructien and Lisa of such vessels for ocean naviga tion. With the aid and facilities which the national and saute governments May dud it their duty and ,interest to extend, it is hojsmi that this efiterprise will bo success 'tut Phu construction and undlitetumee of steStuers suitable for the purposes hull cataxirivould oat/sumo large amounts of our great ataples—iron, steel, coal and hunt/or—and also give employment toi thousands of 'our mechanics and citizens, and vastly benefit all branolatat of 'trade and industry. the last All good citizens will . rejoice . wiwit the last &agreeable vestiges . of the recent' civil war shall have howl obliterated. Slum the cessation or open licustilith*, the nation has set themsrld. a - noble 'example - by its unprecedented magnanimity. ,In for the of and testerlng toeltiten p flit) great MASS . cd.vmoso: who vowed against its paws find' eatery:' 10 this cc. I wad, we havq htiewas lietiercituf illtocace I as. we. lose Wen' inieloctble in weir, and , nOW WA , OM *Andy few , of floe: who . OM lough,- to; r ,tpe - union remain' as iilielgtgorenuarnt, - . LTVlpireo r tholsire haxtition uukuk: T-mkcul f. 'Power iff.rw lop uer .. o , tIAK ' - .. immiloWl - thaV34ll46‘:. .04 protraeW•:dii dly ',attire lievfy Ruh.' Rldedi Ara !Wally; a Inlratigeneons—,peo t '.', are; do4iriesiii hen; nell-7'' trie eXe . disatteet but (heti a iere toe feW and their power too Ittu i give serif:iris cause for imaffidnersi or al fiffi. And even toward then° contiMttiett *III be ' more productive of good remittal' than-the nvenging force of tritunphdtittoWer: lt is greatly to ha desired thd tildtoraig praceornity and national brotherhood Aliould again prevail tbrengle. out our county. And the time 15,1 terse,' close at hand wheit this grand find' perfect consummation will. he effected by universal amnesty. It would effete: the lingsting,. distinctions which nrif fostered brrulikill-, ment of the very few. for - crlines.tn which very many participated and, remove the last pretext for hostility- nominat a govoin. mit whose magnanimity is the; ctown log glory of .ttit. imwer. i twill cord with enlightened and progresnite OW. ilizatlon and itornionixo with the tested might and mildew of free histitiitlone. jt will present, too, the noblest government or the world's history as impregnable and dissoluble, because founded Without _Ms tinetlon, class, birth '. or elreurestance9,... upon the virtue and intelligence of all Its people. Tim employment of :UnitedStates troops at elections, without the consent of the lb- eel n o d state governtnents,- has recently received eonsiderable attention andlepre , bengal!). it le resented aa,an Interference with the sovereign rights of the states, which WOO not contemplated by the - found- - ers of the general government, • and, if • persisted in, must lead to resultsdlstunnfies to s erious nd harmony. Iliepractice is one no in its character, end sie-Injitrlons in its tendencice,- es to merit prompt:eau olderation and decisive action, not only' hr.: the general assembly but by congress ,Oite of tile eomplalnts of the Colonists against • the British King was.the oppression grolArt hog out of the assumptlon of - They said, "lie has kept among us ; 1n times of pewee standing - armies, wlthOub., the consent of our legisloturej" and, 's Mott is especially pertinent to the casein point, " Ile has ni[eeted to render the military independent of, and superior to the civil power." Tinfalleged authority for the use of troops at our state elections Is derived from the tenth section of an at of eengteB.9, approved May 31, 1871b.ellii tied "An Act t enrce i right of . elti- ?ens of the Unit ed f Statess le to vote in the several state?' In the Union, andlot other • purposes," which authorizes United State; inenthals to call to their .'essistance, such portion of the land and naval forces of the Puked States, or of the militia, as may be necessory to the performance of the duty with wide]] they are charged, and to Instil% a faithful observance of the fifteenth anit•inlntent to tile constitution of tho'Uni States." But it must be a forced con struction of this law that will justify the presence of armed national for (ps at nor places of election when no necessity exists therefor, and where their presence is celculeted to pros yoke collision. With a good President, the exercise of the power referred to might have no Injurious results, but in the hands of a had 111011, governed by personnl ambi tion, it might prove exeeedingly calamitous. Ititeonselously algood President might be induced to emplojt it wrongfully., a had Olie WOlllll Ile almost eertein to use it for his own advancement. Under ally eirettnettanees, Dn In (whiten, It to unsafe, and antagonis tic to the principles that should govern our n•publierut institutions At tile last Octo ber eit•etion Puffed States troops were etc t lolled in Philadelphia for the avowed pur pose of enforeingthe election laws. This was done without the consent or even the .knowitslge of the civil authorities of either the city or the state, and without any ex. pressed desire on the part of the cltizens,• and Its far as man be ascertained, without existing necessity. Front a conscientious eonvietion of its importance, I have called your attention to this subject. A. neglect to MM. 11011 e so might have been construed as an endorsement of a measure that meets niy tunituilifitsl disapproval. 'rile civil au thorities of Pennsylvania have always been, and are still, competing, to protect its citizens in the exercise of their elective franchise, and the proper a n d only time for 'oited States military forces to intervene, will be when the power of the common wealth exhausted nail. their aid is law fully reptinsl. The celebration of the,,centennial birth day of American Independence is exciting intivit public attention. It will he an lin portaut era In the history of the nation. Congress has already agitated the subject, and wilhionlaless, soon take action In rela tion thereto. The place for this great occa sion should not be a question of contro versy. No other could ht. so appropriate as Philadelphia. Around the Hall of Inde pendence cluster all the brightest mem ories of the even ful period to be commemorated. There congress met; there the historic bell first proclaimed "lib erty throughout the land—unto all the in habitants thereof;" thee' tlw Declaration of Inihipendentsi WIN iirtit promulgated, anti there should be the national celebra tion of the one hundredth anniversary of t he nation's existence. Li 1 . 11111 . i1141011, it is my sincere desire, that we way cultivate the 'spirit of good will, forbearance, kindness and charity,and unite in constant'elfurts to promote the public good and general prosperity. .11 , 70. W. GEARY. EXECUTI v ennuisEn, Harrisburg, Jan nary 4, 1+471, SEWINC MACHINE. DROVER & BAKER CELEBRATED Sewing Machines Are for Sale OH EASY TERMS at ii ; Market Street, MIMI CROVER & BAKER'S MANUFACTURING Sewing Machines, For Tailoring, Shoonriking, Coach Trimming and all heavy work has 11,1 mind. Jan 2-tt GROVER & BAKER'S FAMILY SHUTTLE Sewing Machine Makes a Mitch alike on both sides, does front the gingst to the Heaviest of Tit*, rmis easy, anti Is Simple In every gives entire satisfaction. Jun 241 CROVER & BAKER'S STITCH MACHINE 1111 ggighl i i t t,di f e t ‘ l %l4 , l4e i Vly from Iwo !ipools, HEMS • FELLS, TUCKS, CORDS, FRILLS; • TH KITS, A N D SEWS ON At the man; 11111 e, Braids and dare all aiir.otlter 11lachluo 1%111 do, beNkles doing beautiful KIK BROIDEItI . AND ORNAMENTAL 11401tK rinks, Cottons, tills, Needles, and everything eise belonging to Machine op hand. r4r GROVER & BAKER - BM - MINES REPAIRED. an 241 . . TOBACCO. The Best.anti Choicest . . Smoking Tobacco IN MANUFACTURED AT CT . OFt Y 0, ; ;Third District of Mofylood,. ewe 41114 Vig VerY PIM* a You ar raromikumulmairouou. In TI-In HARRISBURG El. 1.5.11 C
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers