TO GO OR NOT TO GO. go, or not to go; that is the quotient ; . 'Whether it pry, best to safe, otering Ity idle glrls sad garruiou women. Dr talus up arms again host of rebels, And by opposing illed—to die, to sleep, (lin lot) and his sleep we any we "oink To rest hyArlioer cosntry'a•w}shes blest," Anal Yee lancer (that's a consummation Jolt what I'm after.) To march, tu fight. Perchanoe to dle aye, there'e, the rob I L. *law no asleep who'd take ewe of Marl And the Dobai—wheal Bill is in the lower groaad„ Who'd food Nan, hey ? There's the reaped. I tome for theurinkt makes life sweet ; whe_wouldhair the bag to mill, P..o* Debbia, tut the ties{, dig biters, sal bogs, and do all aorta of drudgery, If a lia fool watiagh to get Adel T a t: bralu ? Who'd cry for ami Wool thuo pay my debts when dead ? Bet oh the dread of something after death; That eadisorrered asho'd (wart Mary, Awl dory huggin'—that's agony. • And mikes me want to stay at home, *sipaelally as I ain't mad with nobody. Jthells aad belled make cowards of us all, Aad Wooed my Ain if 'Aortae deeds Aad pomp and'elreinustanee of war . Aso to be tiohipal•d with feather bed Lad /Buy by my side. •Tha Oftai Fraud. heilthe Noma of 1860,, the sit New Eng litates contained a total population of 4,186,000 and Petineylvania 2,906,000, a &Mimes of 229,000 • Now mark the result wken ii come, to ; p ie ttk last Presitleni b ial election. New • stabs of 6E400. Does nut thisreault show ballibt-box stuf fing beyond doubt?. Scene Republican may answer New 'Eng land Is a unti.ufatetorlng community and has more females in proportion to the whole people than Pennsylvania. The reply is easy, for our State is largely a tuanufaelor lug (immunity.' There is another fact to tishaketi luto consideration; New England was not meet; drained -of herysiers- by the drafts, for it is notorious that Iklasatichu -I;iiii=irTlTiCiliiiiriTy—liver Earn Boston to Baltimore nail St. Lents, ro find negroes as her substitutes, Ile/lin/I; in them as freely us iu tbecksys of yore when she followed the slave trade business. Pennsylvania filled up her dans, largely, with white wen who were voters in (lie Slate The great desparity of voters between the two sections m 1864 can only be AC couuted for on shy grottid of fraud, and fhe motive for it is plain. Before the election, the head kutrignere of the Itepublimin party oat down New England as sure fur Lincoln, while Pennsylvania was considered doubt ful. The twenty-six electoral votes of our State were a growl prize, which must be had some how. Bence ballot-box stet - fling by these gentry, and illegal voting on a stupendous scale, which the statietiea of population and votes establish beyond Timken. This fraud Pertained to all elec tions of our State in the year 1864. 'Not only was Lincoln fraudulently put into yosseseion of our electoral votes, but Con gressmen. State Senators and tifembers .of the Bailee of Repreamitntives woe foisted to their Beate by illegal contrivance. TI eye cheaters had in view the pretended amend ment to the Const.littion of the United Stales, and resolved to niake sure also of 'the Legislatuive of Clue Northern States. The freedom and purity of Aniencen Uovernmente are gone at least for the pres ent. No honest' man can now hold the Federal power in • respect. It lute become a despicable imposture' and' means the same thing as (mirage and corruption. It is the loailihig of all nations. A more despicable enslavement than that of the white mamma of the North cannot he found on the face of the globe. The) are hewers of wood and drawers of water for she thieving shoddy tree, who intend further,in the name of tree dom, that they shall herd with migroes and become a community of mulartoes. Alas ! *ben will the leaders of 'WO Detnocrotio party see things in their true light Are the Stamens, Sewards, Stunners, Wilsons, Baileys, Lownes and Worthington's to be Permitted to go on in their devilish ca reer, until • man will be ashamed to own that he Is an ti American ?—Weel Cheater Jejrcrsonitin. —New IF'orl, byte a brilliant Governor— leastwise he hes made a brilliant remark. In his message to the Se ate transmitting a notice that Congress bad abrogated the present Federal Constitution, lie said: "The day is not far distant when the Con stitution of the United States will harmon ise with the Declaration of Independence." llow unfortunate that Itir. Fenton did not live at the time the Constitution was framed PO PP to have informed those noodles, George Washington and James itladieou Low to make weir acts ••liat l" THIS, THAT, AND THE OTHER —Will burning houses make Union- We or rebels of the Southern people? '—An exchange says that Jonah was the Arst.toan oe record who struck oil. —General John C Breckinridge has 4)umuulwiek Seentary of _War_ at Ilithno,ad. —"Brick" Pomeroy says "In this *action the whiskey is so weak since the war tax 'Week it, that it is-run in candlinuolds,,frosen, rad sold by the stick." —The man who smoked in bed me bis wedding night, wu sarcastically informed by his bride tbat "no gentleman eves lighted bas cigar at the torch ot Hymen." • merchant having sunk his sOore door a couple of feet, announced that n oon•e = litieuce of recent improveitkents, goods would be sold considerably lower than formerly. —Maximilian has been having. Pend ball In his Mexican palace. The E pre , s were with* milk embroidered in gold, a necklace of diamonds, end a sprig of green leaves in her hair. —The-great trottiAg match in Faris between the American la tire Shepherd aid tl e French horse Exprels, resulted in a victory for the American horse, he winning by a hundred yards. —"How do yon like me, now?" hake) a belle of her amuse, us she sailed.iato the room with her sweeping train of muslin fol lowing her. "Well," said he, "it is impossible for Me to like you soy longer." iA batchelor sea captain who was remarking the other day that he walled a good dhief officer, was promptly informed by a young lady present that she had uo objection to be his Ant mate. Ile took the hint—aid the lady. vain man's motto is. "Win gold and wear it;" a generous man's "Win gold and share it:" a oilier% "Win gold and cave it;" a broker'•, "Win gold and lend it ;" a gambler's "Win gold and lose it;" a wise man's "Win gold sad nes it" —A gentleman of observation, - wboee position enables him to judge of the pop- Sler feeling Sa Savannah, writes in a private fiete—"Usilou sentiment here is a humbug. We bre bated and despised more and - more every day as we exhibit our true Galore. Love there is moos." —Bob Lino Obi the Queen's son, it is announced, la abonAlle don - • Captain's uni form and sot u volunteer aid to General Grant. A, Am more each Pains" might help Grant over that "Ilea," end do the thing up brown. His "aid" will,doubtleas be # valuable acquisition, to the Stilly of the James. ---A fellow who we couldn't be pre •atld epos to name, meditating upon the sur roundingss of dm present Reason. pervitosted. mid malmod to lit the following: 4, 4'l The wlind it blew, Tb. mow It dew, AM tubed piaiiikplex thunder, Aritit iairte sad hoops, And Aloha troops. Lad .11 imeh Mudd of phaidor. he •11' - ti r '.l..(i'trAlic,,. ..!..I)l.oitittliA Vol: lu. BEMARH9OF HON. o. T. ALEXANDER. (Member of the ,Lecislaturo,of Penntylow!ia) oti the joint resolutions ratifoin# the propos ed amendment to the Constitution of it. United States abolishing . - It is not with°. t considerable diffidence that I approach the discussion,' of a ques tion of so Mut& Impoftenco' as proposed amendtoent to the Constitution, of the United States, adopted by Congress, and here rot ohr ratificatiod in the Legjsla tore of Pennsylvania. I duly spfirellinte the magnitude of the undertaking, and •am apprehennive (hat the ht tie ability _srbiuls. I posnesi may prore_ 4 inadequate to the task, and Were thin question, 'lt would Imre' been better, Pei haps, for myself, in the Age in which we live, to have pealed my mouth upon' the questions involved' in - We ratificatton of these amendments, at least it would have been much more pleasant, A$ the t hews I entertain upon this subject are in conflict with those of a majority in this House— with the dogmas of fhb ruling power of Hut country, end their free expressio:. may put in jtiopardy,the liberty 1 (told so dear. It is a hazardous undertaking to beard the lirm -- ivrtrrAtem - irt-whmt, fitetzr4rreve-1 • ample pool' within the dust few years. But I not acting here its A representative cap.tei ty, and as the determinatit.n of this ques mot will deeply shoot the interests of these citizens whom 1 immediately represent, as Well of those of the Stott:and nation at large, I must at the risk of ray own person. al convenience, consult their interests; and should the expression of their views and mule call down upon MC the displeasure of the ruling power, I will have thy console- I Hon of knoWing that.[ have but done my duty in this hour of my 'country's peril, and I Will trust to. the future, when this storm of fanaticism shall have peeved away, when reason snail Love resumed her sway, to du me that justice (which now will scarce- Irbe allowed)) in according to me, at least, an honest and patfietic purpose, however feeble my arguments upon this important quest ion. 8 la, ti tys ngn when th 4• House Res.lu tints ratifying the amendinems to thy Con viit ion were under consideration, I trivfly suunintrd eight reasons for the vote I then give, because tune precluded si full discus sion of the merits of The question, and 1 was unwilling to place my vote upon record on so important a measure without -a rea son for it I Pat now indebted to the mag nanimity of a majority of this House, air the privilege extended me of elaborating the points I then Mode, fur which courtesy lam heartily. t !tankful. The eight proposi tions heretofore submitted, may nut be arranged in their logical and spitematic order, as they were hastily drawn at the close of the debate, yet Hu Abair further discussion, I prefer hot (SO deviate from the order in-which they were then placed. •1. 1 submit, that' in accordance with the spirit of the constitutional compact, °He milly formed between the States by the au thors and founders of our system of gov ernment, we have no right, en en it we os ceased the power, to alter or amend the Constitution so no vitally to affect the Con stitution, lawn and institutions of any Slant or Stales witliout the consent of the people thereof. This proposition is so clearly (fir. reel, co clearly an &mom in American poli ties as, in tomes of ordinary peace and tr ,tiquility, to reptile ho support hem tact or 11l gumeta. Yet in these [lmes of revol utionary fanaticism, when the very atmos plirre is full of wild and ague (beams and themes, pffolueed in that lint-bed of vaga ries, "The :stew England school of l'hilo-o phy," this elementary principle of republi can government in scouted at and dented. Au the affirmance orrffs proposition is SD uminowerable argument against the propos ed aniendhient to the Federal Consul ution,l shall briefly teview the leading features of our system of governthena, Whet' the eon %cotton of 1787 had deliberately, but tine gniroc•tlly. reputligted the Hamiltonian plan of a consolidated government, which 1,10- posed to give to the central power the ap pointment. of State Executives, and the veto of State laws, it was us clearly decid ed that the-Stoics, as such, should retain all the power; juilodiction and sovereignty which need not rthaessardy. he exercised 'fly a Ketteralgo‘ernment 'tribe control of our ratline with fOreign powers, iiiiaffie Rea ervation of eternal iyanqt.tility. The plan repudiated or 'posed one consolidated gov ernm•mt over all the territoiy of the States, a reptiblic in name. tint a hewed electiie niatiarchy its fact, a ith practically but lit tle store of the States preserved thou. their names, i and these merely as the designations of gplutiyision's of a great empire. Mat Mahan rind his followers were ena ored of the Ihitish Constitution, there ea eno doubt. What had been gaited in e re bellion of our fathers. its their est' talon, s but Hie - fret oxiiroine by the former colonists of their rights as natural. boin Englishmen, which rights had heed infring ed upon by the Bute and North Ministry. Wiser counsels, however, predominated that convention. - Two principal reaatlM seem to have pstivailed to defeat the ideas of the consolidationists. The first was a determination oh the part. of the entailer States never to surrender their sovereignty, by adoptingss-plan of go•ernment whereby three or tour of the then most populous Brakes could control the whole upon all , traditions. The second was the firm con violins existing in the minds of many of the great men to that convadtiOrirthat clekim pie republican government, with an uni form system of laws and institutions, hew ever strong it might be in theory, could not long be maintained over so extensive a ter ritory, inhabited by people of such differ ent antecedents, feeling, sentiments and in terests. These great men, with much rea son, bslieved that the very extent nativism ty of the country, and the differences, if not antagonisms, of _local interests, wore insuperable objections to a form of govern-i went which sought to make uniform laws , lind -regulations for all localities. They foresaw that this attempt at uniformity, being contrary to nature, and the then axis- ting state of American society, wrath' soon 4 lead to civil cornrow ions and thediaistruct ion of the government, or else the spirit of lib- I erty woad be crushed out and a despotism gradually take the place of what they intended for arcpublii. ft was to guard against both of these evils, anarchy on the off hand and despotic tyranny on th other. *Vat inducted them to choose m of a oftfederated repu ' ooh Btate with the full o own -dif, MIMI° institutions, giving to a general govaretneut, 'Such few and limited powers as were sums sary to secure and maintain our eights and honor abroad, and t.) preserve pease and concord between the it/habitude of the sev eral biatti!.. BELLEFoNTE, PA., FRIDAY, MARCH. '3, 1865. Ths. general theory of the government then established, as delineated in the Cen stitution itself, and exhibited in the canyon tin which Crowed, as well as those which ratified it. ht simply this nett State td retain and exercise full and abiolute con tiel over its own territory. 'Citizens and in stitutions, except in such cities where the rights of the people of other States or of other uiitions might be in dunflict ; art which anem a general government thereby estab lished was to have and exereitie the juris diction for the sake of peace among our selves, and Union and strength ogninst for. ergo enemies. By this method it wits pro posed to preserve intact' the principle of self-goyfi nment, preserving to each State all of the Idvantages which, it eould - Lain b znainteltd=rarottit atitionalits for ovietiviritietr7lllCAtl? The benefits which could arise from forming ens great hation out of thirteen States. Cattier this plan, if the people of each State noted in 0 ecordanee with the spirit of the com pact, no eellisionof local interests, or com motion on ROCOUIIt of ditlei roue in local in.. sinutions, sentiments arid j,uijudices, could occur, rm• the reason that each Stale was hutted to its awn laws, Illilitlatiolls, usages and rust ems, independent of the °lotto' 01 the Generld Government, mid free (tont the interier•nee of the other Stales; 'while at nalueAtunt t h steles hunted one great notion, for certain specified and general purposes, concerning stitch they were all alike iriterested, end upon which they were to a very great ex tent agreed.. That this is Lk correct state ment of the general idea of the Constitution will appear from a more particular Ciarni -111111011 of its provisions. The grants of power to the Federal GOV -01.1101C1.11, are of three and only I hree cleaves, while by the ninth awl tenth articles 'of the amendments of 1789 it is unequivocally pro ruled that the,genernl Government has and con exercise no powers. net specifically granted in the Con-titution. The powets thus grunted may be classed as follows: First, those powers incidetital and neon , nary to the very existence of every foini of government; suit- us to collect taxes ; to borrow money ;to provide for the punish matt of crimes against the general Govern slant ; to constitute courts and tribunals for die determination of questions arising un der the laws of the general Gevertiment ; to enforce the laws; suppress iesuiections. and other attethrr power s. Second, ell thove powers ezeici: ! ed by one nation in control lug 118 1.0101101111 with other nations; such its the power to regulate counuerce ; declare 7, war ; to make peace; groat letters of mar?ltie and reprisal; to make rules concerning captinis; to define and punish piraeies and other °deuces against the law tit nations ; to ruse armies ; maintain a navy ; to cull out the militia, &c , The third and only other chisrof powers grimed. are throe affecting the relation ! of the people of the different States within the Union, and which, If let within the control of the serest' States, might be so. exercised as to produce chiliculties and collisions between the States. These were to regulate commerce between the Several States and Indian tribes; 'o establish an uniform rule. of naturalization ; make unit arm laws on the subject of bankrupt cies; coin money and regulate the value thereof, nud fix the standard of weights 1 and atelsllleS ; to Calltbll , lll post-offices and post-toads; to grant patents to authors and Jew elers; and to provide for the rendition of 111 ; _1(1%,.., front one State to anothxr The sagacious men who framed the Cons'itut ion for mdiw that these subjems, it' f e lt to th e control of the Suites, might nifty and inter_ upt our internal tranquility, as they It ad dune in oilier ciinlederecies. We k,now front experience that these men were right in this conjecture. But they carelully exclu ded from the jurisdiction of the Fidel it 'oveviment nllllllOOllOllO or a purely local charnetuie, or which znight.sa.ely he exets eiswt by the ditlerent States. Thiti summa ry of the protlBlollB of the Constitution exhibits, to wy mind at 161st, a clear and act:et ate new of the principles upon which our goiernment was ortgiunalty founded, the Duly tout of government which could then !nine been adopted, end the only pi inciples upon which any free government can be I 'ng maintained iii a country like 00103. A eimple repubtic may undeubtedly be ads stem e and stable over a enoill i ci t 'tory with a honied population, hitving but a few it any conflicting iiisteuttoes ur Interest ; but thou it 'nest prove a failure then at tempted-to bomaintained ov_er a country !ILL e,t,estve as this, uvulax such different and conflicting lucid interests and institutions, 11.1 s been recognized and admitted by eve') great polittril philosopher mid publicist for the last three centuries; and our 'whets did well to recognig. and net upon that idea in I lying the foundai ions of our - government. 1 et we. aftet the actual experience of near. ly one century, are asked, by t he rat ificat ion of tht proposed amendments to the Constitution, to reverse the decision of tie framers upon this point, to repudiate the teachings of the great statesmen of alt ages and all oeuntines, end Ao inaugurate a change in the fundamental law at variance with the tenchings of Watery, in opposition' to our own experience, and at war with the very principles of human nature.. Had the proposition been submitted to the constitutiumil convention of 1787, to give to the General Government jhrisdiction over any one of the social relations, that of tarent and child, husband and wife,. goat dian or ward, or master and slave, it would beyond all question have been repudiated by a cry Stiite represented id that Convention. No one of the Southern States would have ratified the Constitution, and thereby come into the Union, had they supposed that, at any time in the future the control of any of their institutions, and especially the control of that relation existing between the white and black races, would be taken fora them, without their consent and given to the General Gevernrneut. No Northern State would have ratified the Constitution, had they supposed that amendments would be adopt ed, without their consent, taking away their control over domestic institutions in which they had peculiar and exclusive interests. New England, with all her present boasted humanitarian philantrophy, would Gave rejected the Constitution bud nut enction 9, of ante e let, prohibited the abolition of I the African slave trade for a period of twenty years. The genius of pniversal emaneipation Lad leo more power in Itlasseoluiseits at that time in opposition to the interests of, bar stave traders that' any other abstraction, good or bad, bas, sine?, had, when brotigbt in conflict with the financial interests of the Puritan. They could not then afford to - Vutnittlterlaus, because they Lad thousands of dollars invested in the slave trade. The horrors of the "Middle Pas sage" furnished. upset consolation to thp Yanks. capitalist, because it, brought addi tional wealth into his cadent. By the adoption of the proposed amend ments, we ate not only regretting a danger. one principle upon the Constitution itself, whiell in my °Onion trill ere long iptettuesi moat bitter and pernicious fruits ; bet we arc violating our plighted *faith to our Sister Stateste..which are peculiatlty interested in this institution. and at she same - Trine viola-. ting t h e very first ptinciPle - s of salteorern meet. Nu DUOState in Whiuhdhe Institution of slavery exists will' ratify 'these amendlnonts. If they become parts of the Constitution, thereby changing the Constitution, laws and institutions of all the slaveholding States, it will be done iu spite of the protest of every such State, and by the vote of the non elsiseholding. States alone. This iv not eeptlldlenniem, but •nn-, toitigaJed despotism, It hue no feature to recommend it, to a patriot or a plitiblimnu. Its only defence or jostificatinit it . the tyrant's plea that '..might makes right " The 'advocates of the• measure justify themselves upon the plea that' the Con-titstion provides for its own amend: meat in the wuuner which they now pro. poem. This is true, Its far as the letter of the instillment 'goes. But can uny otie believe for a moment that the Itaiws of the Ciiiiwitin ion evet contem plated such an amendment as. this, to be ratified air - this to be, Vent all, by'llie Jluten of ans . sect ion alone and tirreeti u on those Stales whose . insinutiTitis — rt — direct y destroys. It wee wise to provide for umentlmente to the Constitution. It Was still more wise to provide those reslrietions which required almost unanimous consent belore a change iu the 1011t1 of govertithent could be matte. The i.'utistitution, when t riBtually adopted, woe an untried experi ment. Mau, thilleUltiefl in the nay of ifs mammal operation, ,tvh#44 4 could not be itireseen, might arse. ,•Its authors intended to premier a peaceable 'and quiet remedy for the defects which env mice might exhibit in the working of thrgul aliments' machinery.. They doubtless nth er dreamed that, tinder the Itielence of arndment, piniciples uotild ho engrafted - upon the Constitution Which were at war with and must ultimately des ray the Government itself It woe ihtt to this generation, to the too men of the East," to the 00, mot ro of µ "WIICh 11M mug ancestry hose cot lea's spirits who, like Jobs tormentor. wan dered too and fro ou the face of the earth, and who lett ninny countries, and always her ,the COODITy'S good—to reenact the history of Junes, and betray theirdnaster with a kiss. 2. lit the second ir a- 'reason- roc triy vote against these it meets, without any reference to the merit or deitid4t+ol the anielohnents themselves, 1 aflirrit th r dVeS:Ainie ul great eonimotion raid civil war is not the proper season for making nu pot tent changed in the forma of a cOnsiitutional goveniment °lacy kind.wThe very fact that euch changes are proposed at such tunes should excite the suliicionn of• all careful and serious men that they ale the offsprings of mailnese; Of folly, of bitterness, it excitement and every other evih, spirit whack should be excluded from the considerations which ought to con trol men when attempting to frame or amend a system of government intended to be per manent. it was not in the spirit wnich is now abroad in the land that our fathers met to. frame the COUStIIIII4OII. It is not during the prevalence of any such a spirit diet wise anti beneficent changes "be made, Madness rules the hour. All who have any cotifia in public affairs take counsel from their passions, prejudices and interests alone. Cut ruptiOn stalks unblushingly tin ough every avenue at public life. Igno lance and emputicism is personified in al most exeiy plecemnerr, and even the occupant tit the pi es,dential chair is given to vulgar jokes, and while he admits that his judg ment is swayed by New Loglandpressure, he makes but sport of the ternWo scenes of blood and cartage which that saute pressure hits produced. How then, under such evil auspices, could wi.eslegislatien lie expected, or great and enduring principles of govern ment be evolved ? Any form of goveinment which has once been adopted 111 Id put into practical opei whin, even'. though. it should cold,/ in ninny vicious principles, 'should be changed only upon the must teatime and calm reflection, after experieure had most clearly pointed out the evils to lie eliminated and as elemly designated what deficiencies were to bit bupplittl. This is the work of statesmen and philosophers, and not of !lading. speculating and con upt politicians. The time for such work is when peace, calm _ las,. end miles and when there in not ii og, miller in the external or Internal y011(1010111 of the country which would dis tract the attention or warp the judgment of the men engaged in it. Our Constitution is Lot the work of human beings, and there lure niti,t necessarily be imperfect. It may need many important cliang•s. Experience may already have out some of these. I might !linen', if I possessed the power, be induced to intik° changes in it ; but - as 1 love the government of our fathers, and de sire so to act as to promote the good"and happiness of future generations, 1 would not hoist my own judgment. much less my shit ity, in making alterations in one of the greatest and most perleckof alt U nman pro ductions, fur fear of marring rather than improving it, at a liaise wlten passion Rod party elatinositles - hold - such terrible sway in every breast. This objectipn is applica ble to any materinl alteration 6r alleendment to the Constitution, at such a time as this. but is particularly so when the subject of the umendment is the very exciting sod pro ducing cause of this civil commotion. For years have the present supportersy these amendments been proclaiming that slavery wait the Came of the war; and for many years previous to that (,bey had been bar ranging the people and exciting their pas sions upi.o this subject..' At no time for the last Mitten years have the Northern people beep in a tit condition to deliberate calmly tat to act wisely, la reference to the subject of domestic slavery in the Southern Stales. 'They have been constantly bewildered, de cieved and duped, by the demagoguism of the anti-slavery leaders. I , p the early stages of the war, the people were told by these men, that as etavery had caused the rebel lion, it would also be the destrttetion of the 'remand calculations of the rebels. Tilsit it wad an element of weakness to such a fearful extent that no people situate as those of the South were, cquld longleaintairt a cavil war for the protection of snub an in stitution, but would be overpowered - and utterly annihilated by their own al i ples with but little military adtionTni — Erte pm( of the northern people. Two modes then existed in the minds of these fanatics for overthrow ing the rebellion. -The one by the iusurrea lion .of the slaves, and the other the starva tion of the South in consequence of their poverty and want of resources. Recently, however, we have heard a different story from these same men. WOW' they alledge that slavery is the cause of the war, and is also its cbbet strength and suppprt, kind that the ritbidli m can never be put down until slavery ie utterly abolished. This,. no doubt, many people believe. But it is a delusion as great. but no greater, than the sansrpeople adhered to in 1801 and in 1802. In one sense; it is true elms slavery- is-the ; cause of the War AO all our.pre , ent trouble, Ibut in no such sense as the Abolitionists mean it. Slavery was the cause of the re balliou in 1861 bit the IMMO way and to l b kanie s _itpept4that tea and paper were tl e cause-of the rebellion in this country du 1775, and the British Parliament might here with the slime propriety abolished lee and white paper, in order to Lave suppressed the rebellion beaded by George Witehingtou, ' as we eon now propose abolish slavery in order to suppress t rebellion beaded by Jefferson I/wenn - 0 r forefathers would a. submit to have a stamp duty iterated epee their paper and a tax upon their tea, COll - to their rights under the British Con stitution, and therefore they rebelled. The Southern people would not submit :o have their property stolen. their institutions over turned, and their lives and the lives of their ! families put in jeopardy by the northern Abolitionists, contrary to their rights guar anteed by the American Constitution, and therefore they-rehelled. But the Abolition party allege that then they bad no design to interfere with the rights 67 the people of the South, that then none but a few fanatical and Inwle , s men n u iTbW those rights. This is the question, and upon its answer depends the right or wrong of this rebellion. It the party now in adininistrit lion then intended. if they could obtain the power to do a hat they now propose to do, by the adoption of these amendments, I fear the world will justify the Southern priipte in she course they took, as fully and as retreat" as it has justified our torefallets in their rebellion against the lytanny of the British Parliament. The, present action of this party in proposingt adopting and•ratifying these amendments, - as well ltA various other acts of the name party within the last four years, will go fur, unquestionably, to just f, the rebellion in the minds of the people of every other.' civilised country. They will undoubtedly 4elieve hereafter 'what the Southern leaders allcdrul from the begin -11,91 thn pretended ennanrVntionn arid respaet for ,u111511111t101131 glint Atilt:v.l. n::Ich• the Abolition leaders se profusely made. were intended merely to deceive, while 'heti reel purpose was to wage an , t inrepreetible conlif . t." against the Southern people and their lions, until their rights under the Constitu ion ;head he matins ed up ni -the black vertu of Abolition. 18 the good opinion of the world not worth preserving. mid con we afford to baiter it away at this time for e-mere abstraction? 8. As a third reason for voting against the proposed amendments, I believe their ratifi cation by the Northern States will not abo lish slavery, but will, on the contrary, be tfie means of prolonging ibis terrible war, until it ends, perhaps, in the independence of the Southern Confederacy. the Presi dent has already tried proclamations Mauna lunumerable. `Generals in - command of di visions and armies have followed the same policy. Congress has legislated and the Government generally Grits fulminated againtt the institution of slavery, and yet the institution still stands. and I ' believe ever will exist until the people of cacti State see fit, by their own free notion It o abolish it: These amendments with° as jnoperative as the notion of the President, loor of Congress. or of military officers rther have, nor can they give freedom to single slave that would not otherwise have been free. Since the advent of this admin rnration to power, it hoe seen fit to diSregited the eon,tittitional ohlizati..ns of returning fugitives from labor, and consequentty every slave who could escape from the con trol of his master, into any territory where the actual jurisdiction of our Goveininent intended, has been at liberty to dispose of liu“self as he saw fit. He might go to Con edit where no fugitive slave law could ever roach him. Ile might become a vagabond in some northern or Eastern city, or sell himself for a mere pittance to some Yankee substitute broker, and thus supply the place or sonic patriotic, valliant, and warlike son of Massachusetts, who, through the weak ness of the flesh, prefered the luxuries of the Hub of the Universe to the privations, and dangers to which he would be exposed in front cif Petersburg, or any other "last ditch ;" or these sable sons, if they pre ferred it, might do as many thousands have done, go to 801110 Government corral, near Washington, or along the Mississippi, there after et - A - wing more — Min Alt I hn - horrors re any system of slavery, to starve, to die and ti rot. That these propositions can never have effect as amendments to the Constitu tion to abolish slavery must lie apparent to any one who will but remember that it re quired a ratification of three fourths of all the States in the Union in order to givo. •tlidity to any proposed nmendluent. If Ais the Southern States, in WhiCh the inst - (ion of slavery exists, ar'h still rec ognised nab in . the Union, and to be affected by these amendofents. a ratification by the ri.quisite number of States cannot tie obtained. If,*however, in order to declure'the amendments adopted, the Administration sees fit to recognise those States out of the Union, which is tantamout to areoogoiiion of the Southern Confederacy, the adoption of such amendments is Unne cessary, and the amendments themselves inoperative and useless, as no one can sup pose that a serious edort would be made to re-establish that institution in the north, :th ite few long since Stoics, uce .. been ab i l i tt 4 is . ll 6 e b d a . And t bet Ween tho wining sections, their oci l institutions will undoubtedly conform. to those`of the seotion to whiellithey,,are finally attached. So far then as the iusti-, tution of slavery is concerned, the effect of these amendineffts will simply be nothing at all. other reaps:lts. I fear, their effects *ill be great nail pernicious. Here tofore there existed some faint hope that the old Union might be restored as itwas before our present troubles. Many hottest and intelligent persona believe,. with much reason. that in case the Federal Citgres; and Federal 'Executive should ever see and retract their foolish proclamations and inauifestoes on the sohseat of slavery; and °endue', the war simply for the restoration Of the Union, and offer to the Southern people their rights under the Constituthin. as they existed at the beginning of these troubles, that people vinuld waive their ultimatum of independence, and return to the Union' again. The adoption of these amendments extinguishes all snob hopes: An insuperable barrier *ill be thus erected against the return /tithe Southern peelite the Union Which they bad left. They have now' but one of two things to du in lthe position in which the adoption el these amendments will lilac, them, achieve their independence or submit to be stripped of all earthly possessions, and themselves Vacs.. the slaves sad Vassals of those whom they bare been t•ulibt to bate and despise Whoever suppose that the desSendents o• thotiewho fought at Yorktown, Kidg'a Mono. tain, Ersatz Springs. New,Orlcsns, and other places sacred in Atuerman history; and the very men who fantasied bled for the righti et Ametioatz chatter and the honor of the Amencen flag. ow many a well fought field in Mexico, will prefer submission under ruoli eircumStanees to -perpetual weir or final extermination, exhibits his Ignorenee of the chordates' Stud attributes - of thd A/11000W penple. Like other acts of the Abolitionists tend ing to the same result, the adoption of theee amendments will hot, strengthen lie Gov ernment nor weaken the rebellion. Its :dart writ be girlie the reverse, It will etleettinlty desire) all -poises sentiments existing In dm South. It will unite that people more closely then they have ever been before, in t heir detenninntiou never to return I to en union with us. It mast weaken the North for lake eimple reason that it changes the elmie,et of the war from that for which it I was ostensibly began, viz: the restoration of I the Union vid the-enforcement of lite lows, ! into a woe crusade egmnet the institution , of slavery. The real strength of itsgovern-il meat consists not in the size of its armies, or the nuether of its fleets. It. rests in the ' justice of its (muse, the mend poser of its poiillfiff, - iiiii.llllblitrian Mind Le:'ilfhiny of its , people. Since the bell iu its independence I pro Mimed the h. • . deneesefsrbe - 1. United Staten, they never have beetle() weak as now, The Administration pt Washingt. a although it has all the resources of the nation at its command, oaunot or will not protect American "bilizthis from fraud end imposition at home; or insult and oppres aion, abroad. When our army could ha numbered by huptlreds, instead of hun dreds of thousands, as at present, our Gee - - erstaeut wee feared and respected l:y the most powerful monarchies of Eurhpe ; now there le •• none so Moor as to do ,us reve rence." end We are snubbed and intuited by even the hybrid governmentr' of South Americus When' we hail less than twenty thousand men all told wearing the, uniform of American soldiers, we gave covetminance and encouragement to the Hungarian reticle end emilpelled tyranny itself to relinquish one of its victims in the' person of ffosta, re•oite t ,e how as of a beardless Nero of Amens But now a although our Any num bers nearly a million, an upstart Frenchman to whim], but a few years since, we ourselves furnished an asylum, beards us upon our own continent, defies us and our Monroe doottine, and has placed the imperial dia dem upon a scion of the detestable house 'of ILipsburg, in the very balls of the Monte zunnis ; yet we sit sullenly by, listening to the funeral Cirge of a sister republic. ~ 4. That the adoption - of these amendments will form a serious if nqt an insurmountable obstacle to the restoration of the Uuion, I have no doubt the abolition leaders lis firmly believe as I do myself. That they favor t heir adoption fat this, among other reasons las sincerely believe. 1 have long since, entertained the opinion that these men Intended arid desired the eventual indepen dence of the Booth. They; were disunionists long before' any Southern State seceoded. They were contemners slid revilers of the Constitutions, when Davis, Stephens, and Hunter, those arch rebels, with other South. ern men, from their meats in Congress, pleaded for the peered and binding oblflika- Hone of its provisions. These Abolition leaders denounced the Constitution as a sletigue with hell and a covenant with &nth ;" they spurned the American flag as 'Taunting lie ;'• they hulified laws of Con gres,, spit upon decisions of the Supreme t curt of the United States; they upheld out apelended the right of secession, and their revoluitoluiry theories, while the Southern people still obeyed the laws, still revered the Constitution, and loved the Union of the.r ()ohms ',rid 'our fathers. When, how , ever, by the election of 1800, their party -- was accidentally thrown into administration, these inen suddenly changed, and apparently became ardent Union men and unconditional toytthelth Yet this pretended change could not deceive no one but those who were wil fully blind ; for they pursued the same course as before.sin doing all they could to estrange the pole of the .from those' of the North.. They rejected all w,eastires of conciliation and ndjustment ; they deented every compromise proposed for the purpose of preventing the inauguration of civil war. Since the netual commenecnment of the conflict they Intro said and done everything possible to alienate the Southern people fart her and farther from lag, and to - strut - every door agnitnat their return. This c .uree, we meet believe, was time result of deliberation, mid not of mtidness awl folly They must have intended to make the sepa ration permanent and eternal, or else to conquer and exterminate the Southern people, and parcel out their lands among theinselveo., I Crinnot_nuspect them of the ly of believing the latter alternative practicable. They must have , knostu that eight millions of American eitisens, united and battling; together in defends of a prin ciple they believed to be right, were uucoit-, querable. When, therefore, they resorted to every means to unite the Southern pea , pie and render their return to the Unidn impracticable, these Abolition leaders could have had but one perpOse, and that was to Make the filial Seiunipli, of the South more certain and complete. They knew the power of the, Southern States, if their people were united. aful did not hope to crush it. They know full well now that the South, if driven td extremity. can form alliances with Maximilian and Napoleon, which I have no doubt 'they would . vaittly. prefer Co submission upon Lincoln's term!, which would make the Franco Mexican empire acid the Coufederate !pates pf America fired feats among the nations of the world. They know full well, under this , state of facts, that. in ell human probability Jefferson Davis would hold the destinies of the western continent in his keeping Yet they prefer to see him and hie confederacy successful rather than to See the return of the Sduthern people to the old Union, which would be the death knell of the Abolition party. The result of all recent elections, including the last, show - beyond a dueYbt that with the return of the Southern States and the destruction of the almost unlimited power and patronage incident to the war, the Abolition party never could again elect a President in this country. Selfish, mer cenary and unpatriotic' as these leaders alwaye / have been, they prefer the power, plunder and spoils of aloe to the reetotation of the' Ualon, and consequently favor the adoption of these amendments as one of lb} purest, means of accomplishing their fell deidgnr. .7" 5. 6. 7. ,_I 3ibould oppose the proposed amindotents eiithoilt reference to the reasons heretofore- given, beoanse I believe. the objeot ostensibly sought to be necoMpliehed by them, viss I.l4,settiNtfi einancipetion of the flagrance In ftmerlcit to be e rg both loprlnolple sod policy . .1 ban starer ban op g ,'Ortheee who believed In perfect ==l of alit races, 1 believe that - aten'Aentlelit e ifferent real of Wen 16th clismiwo ellek aiteriaties and ittEibutte, in His wise_ prevai-,•• I dense, intending theta to, subsistent d i parrs /pi in the imetunny of thil Moral. 4 ' 1 cannot; for a itiomenl, imagit a ilist pa .rat ' intended two runs au widely differeiti as the Anglo ilezon 'lnd the._ gaiiimptt to ".l__ together iv the isms nonntryke 'lersett o t ) 4n:tiniest and social equality. herettit im negro and while gun inhabit 066 territory, the laws of mum* decree that the black man shall serve the white man Meese 1 capacity i and the negro, under sash Mt - : commences, will be a alave either tit ass err taanymasteke, in Baits of ellprochumatione, all , iews, and all cOnetitutiorfs. Ii in tie list 'of the Almighty, and-no tamest dames pa reverse it. it has been so front the ' deluge. Mid *ill continue so for all Saw. From, the earliest history tif the Afripm, race, their condition has been one of Lamb/ sereitude, and no portion of them.e.wr his attained a higher, better, or more respells" condition than that otmepied by the fate millions of Southern sieves etrint beemdtng 'of die present civil war, In Ygypt,e + sands of years before the commencemen Ap t se the Christian era, as demonstrated by the remains of Egyptian paintlhg and seulpturv,, the Ethiopian, with hie face as black, has lips via *tuck, his nom- as elal, end dija weal - - as curly as now, served bilOoptio master la the saute condition•ln which he has singe screed every nation in Africa, Asia, Exrepti and America from that time to the p _ and in the same condition in which l i rtlit serve some simmer milli Ilia race is opine*. The negraes zieetu not to have beenendowed ' by their Creator with genius, originality, or the capacity of self inipiesremant. • 41, L 1K I wheat they ever kuow or acquirtichtl, Chl ', Mere imitstioit of what they a. and Lear. 'fbe millions of negroes who inhabit the coast of Africa, notwithstanding that *, two thousand j cars tbe,y_liave been in intercourse with nearly every civilised " ' nation, have nut made one step upward. in the scale of advancement and civilitationt, but ere how what they were then, low and degraded barbarian. eunstently stectifioltqf ' human beings to barbarian., rude end horrid " . ttels. - In That country as in - every - other, -- they are shoes, Olives to sue another, slaves •e---tregre- - 1111freft141, -- T - 411 - 141 , WM154*--tlll4-- 1 • have been carried thence into slavery to other nations, have always improved their: eon:talon, and the descendants of the Mi. greet brought from Africa tdAmericwk, are as far superior to the deseendenta of those that remain in Africa, l ac it la possible for one negro to bg superior to another. The , highest and happiest conditibe in willed. any negro over Las been placed, Is to be the inerrant or slave of an _ enlightened and Christian master. Illieuever the guardian ship of the master' has Leen removed, acid the negro left to himself and his own re -1101113e., be has slowly but surely sunk back to hie original degraded_aud Institut condition. This has been the experience in , Ilayli, and in all the negro colonies along the African coast. As long as • constant stream of emigrants are sent to Cape Colony, in Liberia, something approaching the de gree of civilization which the negro ranched ' through elavery-i-can be maintained; but if ltitis ehouiJ cease for a few years, the col*. uies would be gradually absorbed by the general barbarism of Africa. rdthe United States, the history of the Afti •an race I. not an exception to the gentled rule. le the South, where they were mostly mislaid in - sir-very, they increased rapidly-ln'tatre bers, were well fed, healthy, happy and contented, while, jn the Northern State, after the guardianstip of their white mas ters was "removed, they have been - seemly able to maintain their original numerical. • strength, and have became poor, wretched - • and dtspised. Itt 'some States Attie nun:t iters have beet gradually but surely dinars ishing. As a 'class they are indolent, improvident and lawless. The condition of the' free negroes of the North: in every 1- element constituting prosperity and hand;ness, nese is far beneath- the condition of the Southernl slave, before the commencement of the rebellion. There are no doubt many exceptional mules, Where negroes are enter prising, intelligent and thrifty. These ex ceptions are so rare as only the more clearly to establish the general rule tibifiit..l.lnkre ..,_ mated, and these exceptional cadet 6cOnt- • MOPE frequently among these of , tamed blood. The preseutt of a free negro pope- , hit kin is generally a tax upon their white neighbors. As a. class 144 seldom if ever eatu their own livelikoed. They *PA sometimes and supply the deficiency of their living as *pelves, beggars and petty thieves: — The citteketnioops and smoke -houses of theii white heighbhrs are laid under contribution to supply what their want of inileatry will' not euable them to purchase. There is no Northern State that. could not, with great profit to itself, dis pense with its free negro popolation. On the other hand, the South, with its four milliona,,of slaves, was not only wealthy and prosperous in itself, but furnished a large share of the wealth, and prosperity enjoyed by the people of the North. Nr witlistauding the doleful jeremiads song over the condition of the Southern negro,. by the male women and female leen of the abolition school, the fact was that the four million of negro slaves in the South lived better, worked less, • ere more happy, end contented, and wets le'es given to the vices and immoralities of the day than any four -millions of . ths- laboring classes of any-- -- country in Europe, and • ili all respects far better 'off thatfilie free fiegeo..pepulation or - America. I believe..ne ,country ever yet aboli.bed negro slavery, and yet retained' the negro populatiou among them, tkat.di& not f. oat that moment retrograde,'or at least Lave its incteaeirur t proeperity retarded. The extent to which such etnanelpetleir would affect the prosperity of a country would depend, of course, upon the cone*. ative numbers of the white and black rsc*e inhabiting it. If the black raceNres smelt; -in comparison to the white race, ae here in the Northern States, the injury wouldhe comparatively little, and mush lets -.wily demonstrated. If the black populetlon wad large, as 'in Jamaica, Mexico. or the Ilona American States, no one so blind as halo asir file pernichnla effeollt - of etnauctitstim.; - In 'some countries negro slave labor,'ls is alledged, may be unprofitable; but the it negro free labor, I am sure,. Vionld be more unprofitable. Abolition, or , emancipation upon any scheme or plan can never be politia.without at the same time providing for the early removal of the nig," race.- The interm s .ngling of widely ditter‘i races is contrary to thit law of nature, ',Mt must eventually degrade or aunibidwi t e bet4,42.oes so mingling. llTbri whim is accursed,* Heaven. It haertilsed , Mexico, and le filth ruining South America; and if auseiFted here Wllireealt iniattiVistin of both the negro and the white Mat,' No two recce widely different In apferranca end characteristics, Lave ever ecilowinglid without their progeny being degraded* Veto* the level of either parent race. tuft- , vidttal instances of "apparent hapreienurt over the parent stocks, may be found, In the ' early stages of the blending of•the two but those soon disappear tad a Vitt' degradation from that point Is reviler . URI certain. It was btatidiem. betwistle die, ancient Itnehltfts an ti dick: limblytalx;etilitr, . ' Setae iibinh. more thanetiay tuber owi r produced the decline of the gala . :lf the World." :-WhileAlte_pgrOl ..at . _ ancient 'Roman neurisd - Arsiifill' stvtli • ~. of She inhabitant? tif Italy, #OMIIV 0 . it-4.' or Vandal, or litisfstStlis, -OSSW-ma . ;„ • :Iry .._ plalta or' whit bar 04yr2..•;,,. 5 ,. 0,, . - 'lion - she had practiced .ttirtattsit..r.• • 1 1,., :.,,: tit _, miscegenation that: li - 144. ,enabled te.lit the mil,. , ..,,,, ,,va„, tilialr 'le -Spode, genes ~ „ • ,i - .. ~ •i , 1 4 Grenada:lMA the •• - ' ~ . ' V 4. *Mitts of abkjtesars. liiik t1t1,,, 011 4 t ' 1 keont'Spod'ent tkc Ae t t if i it . 'lt' . ~,. 1 '4 • No, 9. 3
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