of a cross-cut canal with the river Delaware. Should the citizens of the state of Delaware approve the means, the several legiiluni es are, we nnder ftand, to be applied to for their sanc tion—How far fueh a plan would conduce to the true interests of the commerce of Maryland, or on the contrary be injurious to them, we do not presume to judge, but leave the difculfion of this fubjed to per sons better acquainted with its me rits. We however think it our du ty, thus early to announce from ve ry good authority, such a ft: he me being in agitation, in order that the public and those concerned may consider in time the objedt in all its Various points of view, and throw such light thereon, as its importance and magnitude require. • WASHINGTON, April 10 ■Yefterdav was the clay appointed by the Commillioners, for their decilion on a Plan for the Hotel, in conformity to the terms of the Lottery Scheme. Ten were prerented, so varied in their beauties, as to aftonifti the collection of gentlemen who were present at the plealing exhibition. After many observa tions, 011 the rapid progress in American Ar chitecture, which it is pre fumed the several public prize* of Washington, have tended to promote ; the Commitiioners were only hurt at their not having the power to reward each artist according to merit—after due consi deration, the drawing of Mr. James Hoban of Charleston, South-Carolina, was preferred. The Principal Building oftiie Hotel will have a front of 123 feet, and the largest Room will be 43 by feet ; the stile of the whole, will far exceed any building at present known in America : the workmen are already at the foundation, on Square N . central, be tween the Preside.it'? lioufe and the Capitol. PROVIDENCE (R.. I.) April 1 r. The account of the war in Europe, vari ously agitates all classes of citizens—but there are two classes on whose conduct our prospe rity in this eventful crisis much depends—lt will he the duty as well as the interest of the Farmers, and all who have ground to culti vate, to fill it with a plenty df feed of all kinds of grain ; for it is certain that a great demand, and of course large prices will be given for every article in that way the etifu ing fall and winter ; —while our Farmers will thus be doing their part, our Merchants we kope will avoid every thing which may tend to involve us in the vortex of European poli tics and war—this their duty as well as their inuriji 4i<sh}te—anil from t!ie patiiotifm heretofore displayed by these classes of citi zens, we have every realon to anticipate peace and prosperity. N E \V-Y O R. K, April 15. Yeftcrday arrived from Calcutta, after a passage of four months and 15 {lays, the (hip America, Captain Bright. By this arrival we have received accounts, that Tippoo Saib has so far complied with the requisitions of the treaty, as to pay two pagodas of the three which he was to pay to the Englifli. Tippoo's two sons are still re maining at Calcutta, It appears that the success of the English against Tippoo, was principally attributed to the bravery of some Americans (about 6o in number) who were officers in the army of Lord Cornwall*!!. These Americans were ta ken during the late war in America, sent o ver to London as prisoners, and from thence sent to the East-Indies as private soldiers ; where, by their good conduct they were pro moted. It was supposed in India when the Ameri ca came away, that Tippoo certainly would make another attempt or* the Englifti the firft favorable opportunity. This restless ambi tious man, appears far from being fatisfied with the late.treaty, and if the French were to think of an attack upon the Englilh settle ments in India, Tippoo would be a powerful friend to them, and might be fatal to the Engiifh. A number of American reffels had failed for Oftend, laden with sugar, when the Arni ca came away. The America's cargo consists almost entire ly of sugar. LxtraEl oj a letter to a refbeflabJe mercantile houjz in thisccityy y dated Falmouth, Feb. 15, via Phila delphia. The Englilh government have lately given 345. per barrel for flour, and in proportion ior to be landed in Great-Britain (but only by American bottoms) they continue to purcliafc thereat, and the French agents also. "We are landing here some cargoes fold to our government, and others we are about to for ward to France, by order of our correfpon -dentl;; prices keep up in Spain and Portugal, so that we think the cargoes expeCted, will leH well, unless our government ftiould cease <to purchase.. We fold a few days (ince, a car go us 270 tons of flour, at 345. per barrel, and 32". fine, if the war continues -we eKpetf American veflels will get good •freights. An embargo is laid on all Englifti veflels. 23th Feb. It is said that our government i*>pe to buy muicr 345. per barrel. The National Convention have decreed that the pruts made by the cruiacrs belong ing to the republic (hall be equally divided be tween the F<*ucb crew and tlie crew of the velfel talcin. If an arraffd veHel is raptured, the admiralty !ha!l purchase the prize and the amount be divided as above. Thyrfday, last week tlie corner stone or the new Epifcopa! Church in this city, -ivas laiil at the ground appointed fortiiat purpofCjiti Ann Streets For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. WHY should the voice of aifcord he per mitted again to elevate itklf 10 this hap py land', where liberty and peace have at length found an asylum —.a country rich in the choicest gifts of Heaven to favor'd nun ! A happy Jlime and bounteous ioi 1, where a philol~o>plnc fpsrit of tranquility should rather incite the" social, tftc civilized, the fcientific hujbandman, to " beat the sword into a ploughfharo, the spear into a prun ing-hook, and learn the art of war I no more." " Ah, thrice happy, if we knew our happy state !" TJiough the capricious, the idle, the felfifh, the disappointed and the ambitious, may attempt to conceal the real deformity of their characters' beneath ihc inantle of patriortfm, the dijguife will fooncr or later fall off, and their native dis tortions will bediiclofed to the ind gnanr of their houeft, candid, peaceable feilow-mrn. Let all the well-meaning citizens of this free country drop the idle diftin&ions that different political creeds have formerly introduced ; 4nil \ as terms Whig and Toty seem to have been, for some years past, by mutual consent configrted to oblivion, let them reft in peace ! Let us not re- : fufcitate a semblance of anticrvt feuds under the j newly adopted defignatious of Aiiftociat and Democrat; but let all the liberal well-informed inhabitants of this favorite retreat of rational freedom, give to the world a new example of unanimity and perlcverance in support of a well-i ordered government, and thus fhtw thefnfcWe*' worthy of enjoying viituoos Independence ! Let us afliduoufly cultivate the arts of peace, and diffufe those sublime ideas of univcrfal phi lanthropy, which the contemplation of equal rights and equal laws naturally inspires. When any one citizen has eminent!) distin guished himlelfby his exertions for the publie prosperity and h«ppinefs, let each individual of the community express his approbation and gratitude at any time, in any way he pleafcs, provided it be not repugnant to the existing laws and incoafiftent with the good order of society ; and let not the annals of America t>e foiled with illiberal animadversions on such laudable con dutt. But at the fame time, let us studiously endeavor to prove, that in this enlightened coun try, laws govern, and not men. Let us incul cate the docliine, that with refpeft to the ope ration of thr /d&'j, all men are perfe&ly iqual; in other refpe&s, inequalities will inevitably arise between man and man, which mull exist wi some form or other, so long as divine wisdom supports that system which Omnipotence firft created. Whatever is inconsistent with juftiee among mm, is repugnant ro ihe will of God, as implied in his attributes. I.et uo one then impiously attempt to level diftinftions fan&ioned by God rtJUia_me conunoii »«:nie wi wwßwm. Let us endeavor to promote universal benevo lence, and cherilh the with that all the inhabit tants of this Globe may be taught to love eacty other as brethren, and that they may cordially) unite in addreiling to Heaven the fame hymn of Love, Veneration and Gratitude ! Philadelphia, April 18,1 793. For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. THOUGHTS ON THE STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS. (Continued from No. gi, of this Gazette.) No. IV. ANOTHER cause of the consumption of the Indians is the multiplication of wars. The firft settlers were more attentive to secure their establishment than to cultivate the affections of the natives—The latter soon perceived that the success of their new guests was incompatible with their interests, and deftruftive of their mode of life. Jealoftfy quickly kindled hostilities, and excited a spi rit of animosity between the two nations— frequent encounters took place, in which the discipline and arms of the whites gave them a decided superiority, and wafted the strength and impaired the numbers of the savages.— Ignorant of the military art, and destitute of the means of conducing war, they easily be came a prey to their more policied and fkilful neighbors.—lt is not neceifary to enumerate the various engagements which have taken place, the history of almost every state far m/lies moie or less.—But the hostilities be tween their own tribes have been much more frequent, and probably much more destruc tive than their contests with the whites. The occasions of war among them are numerous and frequent—Encroachments on their hiHit ing grounds—the obstruCtion of those paths through which custom and the tacit tonfent of the neighboring tribes have given them a right to pass—a thtrft for revenge, the emu lation of valor, and the intemperate ardor of young warriors,impatient to try theirftreugth ? are perpetual sources of discord among them* The manner of conducting hostilities, the conduct of the viCtors, and the national and hereditary feuds which these ingender, are unfailing sources of consumption, From their infancy, they are taught to consider the cha racter of a warrior as their highest glory—and the habits of their education are all calculated to inspire them with courage, with Ikill, and an ambition for diftinltion in war. The high est praise of a warrior consists in destroying as many of the enemy with as little loss to his own party as potiible. After vi&ory, they dispatch such as they are unable to remove without difficulty—the remainder they con duit to their tribe, to be adopted into their families, or to satiate their unrelenting ven geance, by fuffering every torture their inge ouity can invent or their cruelty infjiCt. in 371 cafe of pu: fult, they dispatch their prisoner-;, to prevent their being released by their coun trymen. Those of the captives who are pretty far advanced in life, and have been fucCeKful warriors, are always marked victims of their vengeance. They have no idea of sparing and exchanging prisoners Their national antipathies are generally hereditary ; fathers bequeath their animosity to their children, and rhefe rivalfhips continue from age to age. These contentions existed among the In- I diuns indeed before the iettlement of the , country by the Europeans—but they have j multiplied and animated them—they have iurnifhed them with more deadly weapons of de ft ru'&i oh, and whetted tbeir natural appc- blood, by the allurement of an intoxi eating feward. By diltra&ing their councils, by preventing any concert in their measures, and by nourifiling the natural enmity of the tribes, they rendered them the initruments of each other's deftru&ion. The French and Engiifh also, whose in trigues and ambition have kept this country from its lirffc settlement embroiled in war, availed theinfelves °f the credulity of the natives, and made them the dupes of their artifice ind a l'acrifice to their aggrandize ment. The uqhappy influence of these wars on population, needs no illulfration. They constitute perhaps the most powerful cause of the decay of the Indians. The use of fprrituous liquors, in like man ner, has hac( a fatal efficacy of the like nature. All barbarous nations are found to be exces sively fond of strong drink. Whether this arises from their constitution, the poverty of their food, or merely from the exceliive use of it, I pretend not to determine —perhaps all tfefe causes concur in producing this effect. In experience we find, that whenever they Can procure it in any abundance, they fcarce lyVyer fail to become; the victims of their temrrttl'. TTie' restraints it removes—rite pafilons which it inflames—the vices to which it prompts, and the cliforders which it ci eates, have the innft unhappy influence in weaken ing their strength and in diminiftiing their numbers. This cause, however, could have a partial influence only, as the use of spirits has never been general among them, and could only be procured from the whites. The small-pox also deserves a place in an enumeration of the causes which have contri buted to the consumption of the Indians — This* has always carried deftru&ion and dis may whenever it has been dilTeminated among chem—-few have lurvived this disorder. It is uncertain whether this is to be ascribed to their peculiar constitution or mode of life.— Their manner of treating it is known to be unlkilfu! and dangerous. Nor has the success of in »cu)ation been such as we ftiould have expected. It is evident therefore that the diminution of the sources of fubfiftente, the practice of war, the use of spirituous liquors, anci jhe finall-po>{, have contributed to Jeflen the number oflndians—and inafrnuch as num bed favour the improvement of society, to the progress of Civilization among effect we find that the Indians do not'ihcreafe—they do not indeed continue stationary—their marriages do not replace the parents; the greater part of their chil dren die in infancy—fome tribes arc wholly extinct, others are considerably lelfened, and the whole number of Indians is greatly dl minifhed. N. N, Philadelphia, April 20. The French are now prosecuting an expe dition against the King of Sardinia—they ex pert to. conquer the island. It is said that the people of Courland, a large Dutcby in the north of Europe have re volted and drove their Duke out of the terri tory—and immediately declared themselves ' A letter, said to be from London, to an Editor of one of the Baltimore papers, fays, that the English Government are in the gresteft dread, left the French (hould land 1 men on their coast—the writer adds, that were such a circumstance to take place, the FCCnch would in the course of three days find their numbers entreated to 60d,000, as the Republican party is very numerous and determined. Four Englilh frigates, it is reported, are cruising off Hifpaniola. The time appointed by the CommilConers of the Federal Buildings, for making divisions and al&gnments of Lots in the City of Waih ington, is extended to the 17th day of June nexi By a gentleman from New-London, fays the Xorwich Packet, we learn, that on Tues day last, Capt. Joseph Smith, arrived there, in day£ from Guadaloupe, who informs, that previous to his failing, the tflands of Guadaloupe and Martinico were both given up to the Ehglifli by the inhabitants—and the Britifti flags were displayed on the torts of both islands. Capt. Smith brought a number of pailengers. Isaac Coles, Efq- is elected a Reprefenta tivejn Congress from the State of Virginia— and 2 riot Matthew Clay, Esq. as mentioned in a:f6rnief<sazette. ,Tte* .President of the United States ar- town last Wednesday. SAYS A CORRESPONDENT, 1 Tire revolution of France, while it appealed to have for its object the deftruciiou ot the an cient delpotifm and the securing of the equal rights x>f insn under a tree and a just govern ment, was exulted in by every friend of man kind in America and in Europe. But when al fdflioatiom, muideis, levelling*, end depreoa tions desolated the country, aud the toul fiends of anacchy aod confufion seized the reins of go vernment, Hope depreffrd hrr towering cicft, and Wisdom lued a teai wiiile leading another page of humanity fo&itiiiar to all that tune hod before '.uftrihed m the annaU of man. The Rrioxv He Gazette of* the IVTarc*, contains accounts of various recent murders, and depredations committed by the Indians, in the SouthWestern Territory.—-On rhe I,6fh Feb. they stole ten hurfcs in Jefterfon Covmrr. On the 9th March James and Thomas Nelft ji (brothei;) —on the ißth two yoong men-■ . ;, y the name of Clements— and b't: the 201:. a by the name of Taylor were J;ihed. Creeks, Cherokee', and Shawancle were tiie pti pet: ••'- tors of thele murders.—A letter from Nhjl.- vib'e fays, the Creeks are as busy in killing if they had been, paid three thiufuni aotia- s in so doing,in the room, of fijteen hvndud to keep the peace they have made with the United States—and the Cherokees follow their 111 - worthy example. Extrdfl of A letter from Britain, dated A r ov. 3, 17 9f. " Liberty is the objedt of vei-eration by every upright mi^d*—but nothing is Inch an enemy to that, as the liccntionfnefs that weak ness ancs folly Lave dignified with that facrtd name of late—And we here, are at prelent in fueh a high tide of profpe: ity, as to engen der an infinity of chimerical notions on that fubjeft, which a: e highly dangerous. You aie in the fame train—though you have not yet advanced so far—but neither have your legis lators provided such barriers to guard againit its efFe&s as we have, so that I think it is a moot-point to fay which is in g> eateft danger of foonell fuffering by it. 1 rather am in clined to think it is yourselves. You will perceive that 1 am no advocate for any party —and therefore I blame and approve, with perfect freedom, whatever 1 think right or wrong, without refpeft to pei Tons.'' Extr&B from Mr. Wanchard's of his 4 $th jErial Tour. I SHOULD have forgotten my earthly ex igence, had I not recollected fo'nie observa tions, which Several learned gentlemen had requested nie to make.—At loh. 36. 37. 38111. I found that I was in a flare of perfect equi librium in the inidft of a stagnant fluid ; I made haste to avail myfelf of this happy cir cumstance, in order to execute the commis sions I had been charged with. Experiment I. I began with emptying the fix bottles which Do<ftor Casper Wiftar, liad put in my Car, containing divers liquors ; they were then, all filled with that atmospherical air wherein I was floating, and were flopped up hermeti cally, as the accuracy of the experiment re quired. Experiment 11. Do(storßufli had requested me to make an observation on the pujfation of the arteries, when I should be arrived at my greateil height. I found it impoflible to make use of his quarter minute glais which he had provi ded for that purpose, but I fupplitd its place by an excellent second hand watch ; and the result of my observations gave me 92 pulfa tiorti in the minute, (the average of four ob servations made at the place of my highelt elevation) whereas, on the ground, I had ex perienced no more than 84 in the fame time, average of 4 observations, difference 8 pulsa tions more at the height of 5812 English feet, where I then was. Experiment 111. I had been requested by Doctor PJunket F. Glentworth to make experiments in the ethe rial regions with a load-stone, which he had left me. On the gronnd it raifedsi-2 oz. avoirdupois, but at the aforefaid height it would hardly bear 4 oz- Experiment IV. The lowest of the mercury in the ba rometer after having brought its furface in its lower reservoir to its proper level, arid corrected its dilatation, was 69 lines 9 16 French measure, or 74 lines 8 16 Englifti measure, which according to Mariot, Boyle, Deluc, and Father Cote, gives an elevation of 905 toifer, I foot and 6 inches, (the toife is 6 feet) or 5431 feet 6 inohes Freneh measure, and at the usual redu&ion 968 fathom 4 feet, or 5812 Englifli measure. Th-s was the high est elevation of my balloon, without having thrown out any of my ballast, except the li quor contained in the fix bottles given to me by Doctor Wiftar. At this moment, 38 mi nutes after 10 o'clock, the thermometer of Reaumur 9d. Fahrenheit's 52d. 3 !0." COMMUNICATIONS. While our complainers tell us what they do not like, will they be pleased to tell us ex plicitly what they would like. The best way to judge is by comparison. We make no doubt they are good hands to pull down—let us fee their talents as builders. From what we havefeen, we are afraid they handle the pick-ax better than the trowel. Any fool can put a fire-brand to a temple. We haye been told of the dangerous influ ence of titles. To those who maintain that founds are substances we recommend to keep a drift watch left the enemies of liberty should take advantage of some unguarded spot and entrench thenifelves. It is ftrprifing that the title of reverend applied to the clergy (hould have remained uncenfured till lately. But the high founding titles of the Grand Lodges of the Free Masons, with ther Right Worfhipful Grand Matters and their Most Worflnpful Grand Secretaries must be aba lifhed or Liberty will not live to fee another new-year's dar. ARRIVED*/the PORT vj PHILADELPHIA. Ship William Penn, Jofiah, London Brig Christiana, B own, AuxCayej Schooner Betsey, Keen, Cape Francois Sloop Richmond, "Walker, Virgin PRICE OF STOCKS 6 per Cer.u, 3 per Outs, its/a Uclcrrtd, tojf Full iharci Bi'nk V. S. 9 to 10 per cent. prci%
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