— —— — ——^
*ras«7
[No. U of Vol. IV.].
P X I C E C £7 * X £If f.
Oil, pr qafi; 4 jO
JOAKTII*.-Dollars 100 Cent* eiich. Sweet, bej},' ii> ftaflu.pr.box ' 1050
1 Ditto baskets, 12 bottles 5
PHILADELPHIA, March 27. Spermaceti pf. gall. 48
. ——Tr>ii» 44 2;
ADtls. Os. Dlh.Qy. —Whale .25 33
N'CHORS pr.Jb. 7 JO Porter B r..c ? flt, , J-33
Alioen, EtiglUh, pf.cwfc 4 33- rJLQndon> flr.do*. 1
Ditto, Roch Jw; lb. 11 ——American ditto bot.ihct. > 4.•if 160
Ashes, pot, ptrtoo, 120 Pitch, ' pr. bbl, 173 •'2
— i -Pearl,. 137. 140 7 Pork, Burtftigion, per barrel, 1067'
Arrack pr. gall. 1 M I>6 -Lowe* c9unty 10
Brandy, common, 80 85 ———Carolina . ■ 9
—Coniac go too Peas, Albany pr. btifhel 73
Brasilettp, pr.ton. 32 34 Pepper, pr. Ib.' 38
Bricks, pr. M. 4 7 Piment<i >9
Bread, Ajip p r . cwt. *.7 Raifini, b&, pK « - 633
Ditto, pilut 367 Dm o »r i*» 2
_ Ditto, small water, per keg 36 4° Ditto pnbox 233
Beer, American', in battles, Rlce p s
pr.doq,bottles included, * J° Rof.o pr. banel" 278
Ditto Rr J ; . * pj. Rum' 'gallon , .2
Boards pedar • gr. M feet, 29 . AtLigtfi 6
WEVtgland , S 14. W<«3w,r<» -86
'< BaVbafofa
-Merchantable pme 20 2 4 Country, N. E. 60
■ "■" 'Sap, • <io. 1.9- *3
Mahogany, per foot »© ® a }J P.«tre,pr,Cs»t, '4.33
The above arc the (hallop prices, \ raa P r ; V°, a
for the yard price, add i dol- 5^ ot - ditto l *4 l (
. J ar 33 cents per 1000. Steel, German pklb. ; 9
Brimßone in rolls, pr.cwt. ««7 English.blistered, I". cwt.
**, 9 "J if
— Country d,tt 9 8, f, Snake robt t o' 4 2.
—-Frtth, per cwt. 333 4 Soap, Brown per lb. 6|
B « W " ,P r " ' b - —White ?
7~Jr ,u 10 —rCaftilc
Csodlesj Sperm, pr. lb. 47 St ar C fi 7
~, 53 f Snuff pr. do'i.'bof. 1 ; 4" 560'
YJ.t e Wax 3 Spermaceti, refined." pr.'lb'. 48
Mould, tallow >• „ r „ , .. <- J
— Dipped I, Sailcloth,Erjgfifh,No.i,pr. yard, 28
Cheel'c, £nglilh, pr: lb. >9 Boston, No. I. ditto 3°
—vfquntry 8; >3 r, ~——— No. 11. *9.
*8 20 S ar Lump, pr. lb 2 4
Cinnamon a 40 2 67 —Trl-oaf, finglp refined 2 4
Cloves > .33 Ditto, double do. 33;
Coroapr. cwt. J7 " Hjvannah, white »7 18
Qofljie' pr. lb. 15 »j -Ditto,4>rown, xx '2
T pr.. buthel 24 33 Muscovado, pr. cwt. 13 15!
Copperas pr.cwt. j Oj SpirtlsTurgentine 37 ;
Cncdagtv American, per cwt. ■% &7 8 ; Salt, Aflurn pr. bulhel 33
Cotton pr. - rr sr Liverpool 33
Currants 14 —Cadii '* ,
Duckjßunia,' pr. piece > U 33 Lilbon 2 ?
-JvrrKayftijs •> - 9 67 Ship build. W. O. frame* p.tOH, >5"
fail dfck, <8 so Ditto Lvt.Qpi., , ~.18 67
I Feathers pr. lb. 48 Ditto red cedar, per foot 33 40
* Flax ditto it j» Shingles,>B inch, per M. 333 3"7
Fiaxfied pV. byfti. . 90 o Ditto 2 feet, • 533 6
Flour, Superfine pr.barrel 4 75 Ditto 3'feet. dressed, 13 15
■... Common, : 5 5° ® tavel > Pipe Pfr
-r-rßtu: middlings, beh 447 White Oak h»gfoe»d, *0 33
—Meal, Indian 3 13 —~Red Pak do. 50
ditto Rye,' 3 13 leogan *« 33
—*—-Ship-ftuff pr. cwt. t 40 Barrel 16
Fullic pr. tou, 40 —"—Heading . »5,33
Oin,\ Holland, pr. cafe, fi6 Sk,ns Ouer, best pr. p ie« 4^7
■Do. pr.g,U. 8= 9° FV>x grey £ lo
Sn'' ' ''lh " "33 red i»0
wh,c r ß c f , per lb. 7 ,
20 33 367
*"*• 3: " 1" , k ' i s
(*rain,~ Wheat pr. bulK 17 127 tw/ * # si 140
Mi—Rye 60 Deet,in hair »© go
si Oats Tar,N-.Jerfey, 24'galijl. bbl. f
corn ,60 Carolina, 32 gall. 2
—r-BarJey > ... ■ 1 1 3 Turpentine pr. bbl. »33
— Befl rfielied pr. Ib. 7 Tobscco, J. River, best loolb. 4.33
-Buckwheat, per bulh. 40 inferior » 303
Hemp, imported, pr. ton, »Vo —Rappahannock t I
Herr.ugvpr.'bb'l. 4 3 5 Col oared Maryland, 533 8
Hide, g rtw p ,ib: 9 " — > d *l
Nn n,i a u A \jf Eaftern-(]aore t ; 1,
Hoglbead hoops, pr. M., , 5 Carolinafnew , y 3 ®
Indigo, French per lb, j*o 153 — old, 3' 33
— Carolina 1 120 Tea, Hyson pr. lb. 93 x2B
Iroiw, fad pr. ton, ,33 33 Hyson „ 60
lion, Caftiogs pr. cwt. 3 4 Souchong, tp q 3
ar pr.ton, 8533 Congo, 43 5 o
P'g *4 *6 67 Bohea, 33 36
S l ".'' >73 33 Tallow, refined, per lb. , , a
-—Nail rods 106 6j Tin pr. box, 1333 "1367
Lard,' ho P g. C p"'ib. 4 9 5.0 Veidjgre.fe pr lb. 47 53
Lead, in pig, P r. cwt. c3f 567 „ " '33 >67
in barf 43 7 Varn.m, |Ser gallon 33 37
'■white !0 tt? 67 Wax.Bres pr.lb-. 25 27'
red 6 40 ( 6; Whale-bone, long pr.lb. 13 30
Leather, foal, pr. lb. 17 20 Wine, Madeira, pr. pipe, 176 a»6
kignumvtt* pr.ton, 560 6 —tilbon ,»o .26
i.ogwood 8° »—Tciwriffe.pr. gallon 63
Mace pr. lb. q Flval ' r 6 J
Mackarcl, best pr. bbl. » Port pr. pipe 03 4
. -- f«cmid quality $ 4 ——Dilio in bottles, pr.doi. 4
Madder, best pr. lb. 20 Claret it
Marble, Wrought,pr foot, 533 367 Sherry pr.gall. do ».,o
v'lfc" diM ° « Malaga .77 so
MoJaffei pr. rail. 4 1 47
Milliard oer lb o_ ' * r
pc.d« 2 . i,o COURSE Of LXCHAKQE,
V'aiij,«j. loi , l%d lodt pr tb> 10 On London, at 30 days, per £ .100 Oerl. 436
. Nutmegs p T . lb., 7 8 ———at 60 day. 4*«f: J
' >r * **" 66 Amsterdam, 60 days, pr. guilder, *** 37
,T * ' 87 90 days, 35
A NATIONAL P'APBk, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOH,
Wednesday, March 27, 1795.
34 1
NNO, No. 34, NOPTH FIFT
CONGRESS. •
HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY,' March r.
' In committee of the whole, Mr. MuHlenberg
< ' in the chair, on the 3d, 4th, stb, 6th, 7th,
and Bth refolntions, refpefting the offidaf
cinduft of the Secretary of the Treasury,
1 for which fee Gazette of the 6th inft.
J ( (Mr. Madison'j Speech concluded.)
T'HE other attempt to elude the. erideilcf
. before the Comntittjgjecoiled with eqvtal
. fiSrt? 011 the gentlemen wlio bad hazardedit.
In the report lately made by the trnfteesof
i the linking fund, is a statement laid befire
■ them by the Secretary, in which it is noted,
that the acceptance of-the loan of three mil
•< li«»as of florins, and the application, of one
third of it to ftie purpose of that fund,'was
, un<ier the cogfide ration of the President."
From thlsYaft it bad been interred, not on
ly that the secretary had withheld no proper
iiifu-ination from the tfuftees, but that the
rciilt of the President's deliberations on the
• fubteft bad varied the purpose lighMi&d by his
$riit iuftruftioos to the secretary.
Jt happened however 1110 ft unfortunately
for the gentlemen'who exulted in this argu
ment, that they had entirely overlooked the
dates of the two papers. The paper laid be
fore the trustees, and alledged to have explain
ed the final purpose of the President, was dat
ed on the 2jth of August, 1790. The paper
relied on by the othef fide, as ' js final, as* well
as the mpft formal, deflgnation of tiie will of
the President, was dated the 28th of Augnft,
1713- The gentlemen, therefore, instead of
the inference they had made, should have re
versed their premises, and joined' with their
j opponents in concluding that the Prefideni
j was a consideration of the fubjeft, Hot
to do what the secretary in his note to thd
trustees feeined to anticipate, but whai had
■ been evinced by the President's own' ast of
posterior date.
Much has been said on the necessity of
, foroetimes.departing from.the ftriftnefs of le
_ gal appropriations, as a plea for anyfre?doins
that/may have been taken with them' by the
secretary. He would not deny that there
• W emergencies, in 'the cburß of human
■affairs, tjf To extraordinary artd preffing-a na
ture, as to absolve the executive frorii an in
flexible conformity to thc of the r
law. It was, nevertheless, as efTential to re
member, aS it was obvious to that
in ail such cases, the necessity should be pal
pable ; that the executive fanftjon should
flow from the supreme source ; and that the 1
firfl opportunity should be feiztd for commu
nicating to the (jSgifiature the measures pur-
I'ued, with the reafqos explaining the necessity
of fhem. Th|s early communication was e
qutlly enfotcid by prudence and by duty. It
was the best evidence o'f th£ motive's for as
suming the extraordinary pbwer ; it was a
due to the legi/iative au
thority ; if was more particularly indis
pensable, as tfcit.alofle would enable the legis
lature, by a provident amendment of the law,'
to accommodate it to like emergencies in fu
we. , ,
In tlie proceedings falling under theprerent
enquiry, no necessity appeared for the liber
ties which had b?en taken, the money appro
priated in Eprope being tfiore wanted there'
than at home. It appeared that the jnftruc
tions of the Supreme Executive.' iiifteVd of.
varranting thofi; libertiesj had precluded;
iiem. Nor had the proper explanations 6een
Jifclofed in duwtime to the legislature. .
To place the fi»bjeft.in a morf tfiftiiift point'
of view, it wasproper toadv'ext to the
mtborities and. duties.of* the £-cre r tary, as his'
afSce is defined'by the ast establishing the
1 trpaiury department. For this pnrpofe Mr.
M..read the second feftion of that ast, which'
is in the words following—" That it stall be
the duty of ,the ftcretnry of the treasury to
idifeft and prepare plans for the improvement
< iivd management of the revenue, and fur the
support of public credit ; to prepare and're
pott eflimate's of the public revenue, arid the
public.expenditures ; io fupti intend the colUOion
tjtherevenue ; t.o decide on Jlje. fprms of keep
ing and stating accmiotsandmaking returns,
and to grant under the limitations herein ef
tabli'lbed, or to be hereafter provided,'all war
rants for monies/o ft ijfued from ike treasury,
in pnrfuance of appropriations by law.; to cx
, ecu re fycb fervit^s.relative to the.sale <jf the
lands belonging to .the'limited States,, a j may
be By law retjulredl' of him { jo make
1 and give information to either branch of the
in person" or in writing (as he
may be required) refpefting all matters re
ferred to him by the Senate or House of Re
prerentativ«s, p)T which fbaU appertain to.hu
office ; and generally to perfprm ajl fuchfer
vices relative to,Jthe finances, as he shall be
directed to perform." ' * ,
This eftaMifhment of the office, evidently
had no reference beyond the cafe of fuperift
tending the regular and ordinary cotitctim of
tie reunite, and granting warrants for mpnies
i/fueifriru the treafurj, in parfuamre of appro
prlattoas by law.
AEST,
[Whole No. 408.]
f The cafe of loans, as an ocoafional and ev
'/''aarclinary resource, waj left to be provided
,/or by particular laws for the purpoie. The
Authority with refpeft to the loans in guefli
on was accordingly committed to the i'refi-
I dent, in order to secure for so special a trnft,
the higlieft refponiibilityjto he found in the
government. And .when it was conljdej ed
that the whole fun> contemplated wkis no lets
than fourteen millions of dollars; and wLen
the latitude as to the terms and contracts
was combined with the vaftnefs of the futn ;
it might well be questioned whether so great
a power would have been delegated to any
man in whom the legiflaturc and the people of
America, lels confidence than they so j nit
ty reposed in the existing chief magiflrate;
and whether an equal power will ever be coii.-
nrtte;! to a successor.
This diftfnftion between the cafe of ordina
nary revenue and that of loans, is. not only
consonant to the a<ftual policy of our Jaws,
but is foiinded in'obvious and solid ccnfifleja
tious.
In the collection and dilburlVment of the
ordiiiary revenues arising from taxation',' the
bufiriefs flows in official channels; is fubjeft
lii every stage to official checks ; and the mo
ney being w constant influx and effl'uxj 1:0
where accumulates in imjnenje fumj.
Tj'he ca(e o*"loans is in ail thele pefpefts
different. In fettling the'tcirps and arrang
ing the negotiations, ther&'jii aj\yays aii im
portant discretion involyecf. the loans
are foreign as well as great, regulations con
cerning the bills offexchangefjfiti'ailower oc
caiop where great latitude is implied in the
trull. Whilst the the funis fall
ing under the fame direction at tlie firne jho
ment, prelent a fur thffr and material variance
between the; two cases.
The tendency of thele obfervatiofls, j s t to
(hew, that as thi permanent law qlfablifhir.g
the treafurv t does not extend the
authority of the secretary to,the cafe of ; loanr,
and as the law authorizing loans, exaftSj for
special reasons, a refponfibijity from the pre
sident himfeTf, the authority of the secretary
in executing the loans and the appropriation
of them, rnuft be derived from the JPrefideiit;
and, cotifequently where the autliiotJty fajls,
there pan be no resort, to the law eitablifliing
. much Id's tp any general Hif
cretion incident to his official charaffer. Jtr
is,evident,- that the President, although no
doubt guided by the molt proper confiderati
ons'in employing the agency of the fee etai y
of the treafuryin the bufineisof the loans,
might, if lie forjudged fit, Ijave fubfiitiited
the agency of another ; and that whatcyer
agency he might prefer, his own inftru<stions
would always regulate the extent and exfirciia
of the power conferred,
, ,Tbe want.of any apparent authority from
the President had led several gentlemen to in
, fift on presumed authorities, fuperce|ding the
inftruvTi.ons joined with the (jommiifion to the
secretary : But here again the fair inference
was to bp revcrfed. A communication of tie
authorities given by the President to the se
cretary as,lto tVie application of the foreign
loans,had been expreftly requested by.the vote
of the house. It was not to Be fpppofed that
the secretary, if he-had received furtjier au
, thorities or iiiftruftions would,have faile«£to
. produce tjhenl, or to ,refer to, them, in the jus
tification of his eondjnft. Far leis could it be
r presumed that the President, if he had given
any fuperceding authorities or inflruoions,
would not have caul'ed them to be coiujmuii
-1 cated to the house ; or that he wpuld have
fuffered a partial communication to iniflead
the houle into an error, as tofo important a
fh<st. The President was the last man in (he
world to whom any measure whatever of a
deceptive tendency Could be credibly attfi'ibut-
~ve tei.
Thus far, said Mr. Madison, bis obfervi'
ions had departed as little as pofliblf from thi
[lieftlon in its ftrifteft sense. He Ihould now
ivail himfelf of the opportunity afforded b)
he terms of the last clause, which spoke nt
Irafts generally, to take a more particular
lotice of those recently made; in doing which
ie considered himfclf fafe within the rules of
he House, which were so rigorously enforced
igainft the affirmative fide of the question.
TJie whole amount of foreign Iqans tranf
erred directly or indirectly to the United
itates, appeared from the several statements
.0 be about three millions of dollars.
The aipount of the direst draughts was
(,304,769 13.
Ot the drafts made ftnee the 16th of Apri),
1792, and fold by the bank, the proceeds, now
in the bank, or payable into it, before the Ift
>f April next, amount to 1,220,4:76 r dollars.
Of this fuin, 5)0,000 dollars have been drawn
With, refpeft to time and t&e amount of
fhefe draft l ;, {lithe absolutely unknown
to tho Legiljature, because the account of
them had remained in the books of the banlc
without ever appearing in the books of the
Treasurer... Mr, JWad)fon conftffed that he
had toupd po explanations th ?t to hjn, were
fatisfaiftory. He had.looked thrpugh aU the
reports and all the co:ttmuni<atior.i t>ef«re fa.
ed.
. T]
Madifo
laid Mi
'T
*