* N * 7 I A NAliO-NAL PAPER, PUBLISH*.]} WtDN fcSD AYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEtiNO, No. 34. NOPTH FIFTH. STREET, PHI LA DEL PHIA [No. 77 of Vol. IV.] LAW OF THE UNION. SECOND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES^ TH* JKCbWri sisiib'n, gegun and •<%., of Philadelphia, in the State of PennfVlvania, on Monday the fifrti of N'oVembef', one tt.oufa'nd feveo hundred,and ninety,-t\yo. An ACT regulating Foreign Coin*, and for other purpofej. BE it enabled by the Senate and House of Rcpiefentntives of the United States of America, in Congress a (Tern bled, That from and after the firft day of July next, foreign gold and silver coins (hall current as money within the United States, and be a legal tender for the payment of all debts and demands. «i jjic fcvt.ot njd rrfnettivr rates following, yd not otherwise, viz. '1 be gold Coins of Great- Britain and Portugal, of their present standard, at the rate ol one hundred cents for every twenty feven grain's of the actual weight thereol, the t>old coins of France, Spain and the dominions of Spain, of their present Hand ard, at the rate ol one hundred cents for every twenty-seven grains and two fifths of a grain, of the actual weight thereof. Spanish milled dollars, at (he rare of one hundred cents for each dollar, the aftua! weight whereof (hall not be less than seventeen penny weights and seven grains ; and in pro portion for the part's of a dollar. Crowns of .France, at the rate of one hundred and ten cents for each crown, the actual weight where of, {Viatl not be less than eighteen penny weights and seventeen grains ; and m proportion lor the parts of a crown. But no foreign coin that may have been, or shall be iilued subsequent to the firft day of January, one thousand seven hun dred and ninety-two, [Via 11 be a tender, as afoie faid, until fampies thereof shall have been found, by allay, at the Mint of the United Slates, to be conformable to the sclpeftive ftan eards required, and proclamation thereof shall have been made by the President of the United Srarc»j—— r 1 r»- - *>*.. Sec. 2. Provided always, and be it further en aftrd, That at the expiration of three years next ensuing the time when the coinage of gold and flfver, agrseablv to the ast, entitled, 44 An ast (ftablifhing a Mint,'and regulating the Coins of the United Stales," (hall commence at the mint <>f the United States, (which time (hall be an nounced by the proclamation of the President of the United States') all foreign gold coins, and all foreign silver coins, except Spain Hi milled dol lars and parts of luch dollars, (hall cease to be a lfcgal tender, as aforefaid. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That all foreign gold and silver coins, (except Sp.mifih milled dollars, and parts offuch dollars) which shall be received .u payment for monies due to the United States, after the said time, when the coming of gold and silver coins shall begin at the mint ot the United States, (hall, previously to their'being ifl'ued in circulation, be coined anew, in conformity to the ast, entitled, *' An ast eftahlilhing a minr,%nd regulating the coins ol s he United Slates." Sec. Anri.be it further enacted, That from and after the firfl day of ]uly hety, the fiftv-fifih ft€tion ot the ast, entitled, " An act to provide more efFHttually tor the collection of the duties impoftd bylaw on goods, wares and merchan dize imooi ted into the United States," which alcettams the rates at which foreign gold and iliVer coins shall be received for the duties and tecs to be tollc6fed in virtue of the sard ast, "be, and ths lame is hereby reoeajed. $cc. 5. And he it further enacted, That the assay, provided to be made by the ast, entitled, % \ An ast clbMifhins* a mint, and regulating the «oiiu of the United States," shall commence in t,hc manner as by the said ast is prefenbed, on the fccond Monday of Febiuaiv, annually, any thing in the (aid ast to the contrary notwith ff-tudirg. JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker oj the Houjeof Representatives. JOHN ADAMS, ice- President of the United States, and Prcjident of the Senate. APPROVED, FEBRUARY 9, 1703. GFO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States. THOUGHT* ON TH| STA'TE OF AMERICAN INDIANS. (CONTI f UFD.) r ?. people of so many men- A tal arul bodily uccomplifliments should labor under a natural incapacity foe impiove ment, leverfes all the principles of reasoning in ordinary cases, and is utterly inadni llibie. 1 he ravage state in which they continue is no evidence of it—That barbarism implies any defect of natural capacity, the history of «ll disproves—The Egyptians, iPerfians, PhcMiicitns, and Chir.cfe, all which after' wards became great and improved nations, ere once barbarians—they were even igno rant of the use of fire, and of all the arts >vhich are depsndanton it and eonnetfed with ; than which there can fcaicely be a more deci&yc proof of their extreme barbarity— /id Z&C Yur-//iC 'Jthtto, Saturday, 1 793' The fame may be fa id of feveraj other nati ons—even the polite and polilhcd Greek % to whom (through the medium of Europe) we are indebted for all our knowledge, 44 descend ed from savages, who wandered in the woods and tields without laws and leaders, having no other retreat but dens and caverns—"with out the use of fire, or of food proper fov ll)en —nay so ferocious as fbmetimes to each other." Such was the 1 original stare of a peo ple, de (lined to be the patrons and improvers of the arts and sciences, and the admiration of all future a^es —There is not a trine per. haps in America, whole rudeness equals thi s description—Their barbarity, therefore, can not be regarded in any degree as the fruit of imbecility, either of mind or body. The enu meration of the real causes which have hu therto retarded the progress of civilization among the Indians, with the measures which appear to me most likely to accompliHi that obje&, will be the subject of some future pa pers. In tW w~?cfr*tave. -.-rtajJ- - ed the civilization of the Indian-, wc mult not reft contented with a (ingle view of the subject, but obfefve the force of all the colla teral causes which may in any degree have operated that erfeel—The firft that I (hall mention, is that which arises from 4< the few and feeble exertions that have been made for this purpose, the manner in which theft have been conduced, and the langor with which they hatfe been purfucd." The civilization of a barbarous nation is difficult and labori ous-—the transition from the hnnter's to the. pa (to i 1 a! life, afid thence to that of agriculture ' and coftimfcrce, is efte&ed by flow advances— All changes indeed in t'ie habits and cuftonis of a nation, mnft be made gradually—men are attached to that mode of life to which they have been accuttomed, and are aver e to the idea of altering it ; the educati on create a prejudice in favor of their own state, and an i'r difference to others—Men also who are accuftrmed to perfect independence, as is the cafe with all fa vage nations, tevolt at the idea of furfenderirig their liberty to the condition of law, or of submitting to any kind of rcftraint. The an Twer of the ancient Srvthians to the ambaflador of Menander the great—of Anacharfis of the fame nation to Solon, and the avei fion of all savage nations from adopting the arts and manners ofpolifli ed life, evince the partiality they entertain for their own condition, and their indifference to the bleflings of improved society—The hif torv and exper'ence of all ag£s, proves the difficulty of bringing a barbarous nation to the knowledge and practice of social duties. Some centuries elapsed before the inhabitants of ancient Greece were brought to any dfcgree of civility. The fame may be said of many other nations. Nearly four hundred years are fuppo r ed to have pafled from Manco Ca pac, the firft Inca and founder of Peru, to the conquest of that country by the Spaniards. Those sages who firft recovered men from their wandering savage life to a fixed reft dence, and inspired them with a raft e for the enjovments of facial life, generally pretended a million from a superior being, whom they represented as the author and natron of that manner of life and of blessings thev wish ed to introduce.—Almost ill nations, of whole origin we have any diftinft: account, were formed in this manner—The firft legislators of the Cretans, Egyptians, Grecians, Locrians, Ariniafpes, Getes, Romans and Peruvians all pretended intercourse with some invisible power, and a commiflion from him—Thus, by availing themselves of the ignorance and credulity of mankind, and converting super stition into an inftrumeut of policy, they ob tained a ready reception to their inftru&ions, and gave permanency to their establishments. [7V be continued.J For the GAZETTE rfthe UNITED STATES. To Ph i'lo Dinc k n es—the author of a piece, in the Daily Advertijer cj Saturday laji. Citizen Author, I HAVE obfei ved your dirpofition to join with me and other friends of democracy in pointing out the macula which (with good glas ses) may be discovered in a certain political luminary. We think however, you direst your Attention to a wrong quarter, and v. ifii you to djre4 vour telescope to another limb, where the dark spots of aristocracy are very evident, and which will furni.li you with more mat ter for aniinadverfion. As to the negroes, you inuft be tender upon that fubieiS —for we think it is rather a mark of modern democracy. It is certain that Rome, during the republic, had abundance of slaves, and that it was Kings who abolilhed the practice. We have seen Stanislaus labor ing to emancipate the (laves in Poland, and Catharine bettering their condition in Rcffia, —even Louis the XVlth has figr.ed a decree in favor of the negroes ; why then Ihnuld any one ape such munarchual c onducft : Conduct which would give great offence to some of our best patriots. I ajfirin it, that the contrary conoud is raoft like a good republican.—Look 305 about you, Citr/jcn ! Who talk most about li berty and equa'ity—who monopolize the vir tue and fair it of America ? Who are the guar dians of toe equal rights of* man? Is it not those, who hold the bill ot* rights in one hand, and a whip for t{*e affrighted (laves in the o ther ? Are not Tome of our warmcft declaim ers upon liberty, men who traHick in human flefli and riot on the profits which a rife from the sweat and groans of their »lufky brethren? Mark their conduct, Citizen, and you will a gree with us, that an eternal oppreflion of these Wretched people, is very consistent with the pure spirit of modern patriotism ! J n this therefore you were wrong ; but I will point out proper subjects for your future lucubrations refpe<fting the ar'iftocratical con dutt of a certain great man. In the fnft place, it has been a practice with divers in order to *et through the multiplicity of their business, to apportion their time, and do all things with much regularity ; Aifred's eronomy of time is well known : the late King 6f Prulfia always retired early, and con ~ftaij.tly (even in his last fickoefs) role at four in mo» ningr, employing himielf till f<roi.K faft with his secret-aries, in reading petitions, letters, learning the state ot the Kingdom and dispatching the public business. —Will you believe it, Citizen even this symptom of monarchy is to be found in this free country ! it is said that He alio re tires at an early hour—that the duties of the day, with him, begin with the fun, and that most of the public bufinefsis difpatcbed before some of our democratic club are out of their beds; to be Aire foiiie advantages may ari'e from this, and the public business will never get in arrear. But why should any one, at feaSjfc this Angularity but from a love of mo narchical manners ? and why (hould He not rather copy certain young patriots, v/ho lye in bed so long that they have not time to comb their heads before they go to Congress ? No- 11. A fecoud mark of aristocracy is, that Hi frequently goes to Church and even (hews a refpe<ft for pious clergymen. I s not this aping the conduct of many Kings of old, who were devout worfliipp-jrs—~nd in erfed copying after Kinff David, who as the Puns ccnriune allures us, was a crowded rascal. Is this, Citizen Philo! is this the conduit of our modern pa triots 1 those who adore liberty To much—-do you ever fee thein adoring their maker ? Is not infidelity a mark of what at present pailes for good democracy—and does not a certain Gazette frequently blend an outcry ef liberty, with a sneer at religion ? Yes, Citizen, until our rulers get rid of the trammels of religion, .they will never be con fide red by us, as free from the leaven of arii tocracv As to the clergy, I believe it can be proved, that a certain pcrjon has been feet< in their company and has ever been heard to speak refpe&fully of them. A sue mark ot' an aristocrat ! King-craft and Prieft-craft go togethe) —and one ot our very patriotic mem bers has-alrea«ly intimated, that we fliall ne ver do well, till we get rid of the clergy.— The time for (hipping them off is not yet come; bnt every man who does not lean to ■ arirtocracy, aiight to tefufc them counte nance or fupport—'Jti?ht to declaim ag&inll | Prieft-cratt—ridicule the puritanical folly of going to Church and Make these black coated ■ gentry, as poor as rats and a* (habby as a tinged cat. Thirdly, fti'ck to the fiibjeft oflevees ; it }s ti'tie visit? of ceremony must be reccivfcd — foreigners will to fee a man wiiofe ta l&rtts and virtues have made his naThe deal* through the civilized world.—Citizens will croud to pay him refpeft, and rtiembers of Co-VgreOi and public officers, think it but de cent to jhetr re!peft't<> rHE man of the pko- PL-k. But what then ! Alight he riot, Citiain PhTto! to be visible at all Hours, and <>n all davi, cJpecMly on Sundayt, when many of our cliifrdon't know how to employ tileinffilves ! lfthi' perpetual Visitation did interrupt or retard the public bulinels, would not that be compensated by the irtfijfmation hr might gain iu these very interesting and profitable visits; Besides we could then call upon him, without being put on a footing with new ptop/e, who have started up like Jonah's gourd, and seem to overshadow the ancient families of the Jo minvn. But as things are managed, one may be obliged to (land along fde of a man, whom a few vears ago, no body knew. Another thing—whv should not, a? MiV*l*iui fays, whv Ihould not our ruters go to the coffee houfes? I never saw the Governor of Pen 11- fylvania, or the Secretary of Stare, or mem bers of Congress and other peat men frequent these places, where they might pick up much useful information—at least about the price of stocks and inohiTes ; indeed the beer lhops might be a place still better, and vifitingthem would evidence a more genuine democratic spirit. I fay every great officer ought to mingle with the people, and if he could not find time in the day, he might keep o|>en houfeat night and join with his fellow-citi zenJ in a sociable game of wbift or all-fours.— It certainly would oblige some of os, whose i'ondsefs for that rational amusement is well [Whole No. 3^9.] known: hut it is confidently fai. J ., that card* •are never permitted to be played in the rfo-;fe j What «bOfft:iiab!e aristocracy and defpotifin is this, in a free country ! Laiiiy you may obforve, Citizen Philo, that there is great aristocracy in the preeminence of his virtues.—How is it— .if,-he is not aim ing at some higher r ank, that he continue*: so unite in his favor the attachment and of every hone ft mind ? How' is it that he has twice been tbfc unanimous choice of three millions of people ? And why is he not con tent with a common (hare of public confi dence. Such conduit is a snare for the liber ties of our country—His very merit is dan gerous—*ind it is high time for America to shew that republican ostracism which profew cutes a man for the superiority of his worth. "C I V I S. fertile GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. TO THE PRINTER OF THE GENERAL • A-IH'fkl /.< BR. M*. Bache, BY Tft'tmi -.t!i ■ " "vnnr pfnpf-r. to intuit the Piefident oi' the - United States are writtrn, i". of little confe- " quejice, since the causes of that spleen wi, W '] prompts you to publish them with so much a vidity is perfcftfy known. If your venerable Gnirdfrrc views iVoin ].is abode the mockery of Patriotism tV h foiled in vour paper, it may console him fir the follies which He committed, the (ervTlitV and fveophanev Hr praftifed at the court flf France ; and for the disappointment He met with in not being abl» to place an idle sing song at the head of the Poft-Office. But no thing can efface from the minds of ' ricans, the iiifampuflv difgrace'l' Convention He made with, France : though on the reiuonftrance of C has been somewhat anieoclsd : vei tains enough of its firft principle?. to ltrip ti c boasted laurel from the brow of Franklin, and stamp indelible disgrace on American foego- tiation. But, Mr. Bache, since yonr vevertMe Grwd- Jire is matie a cornpctitov for Fine with WaiHngton, I will heriafter furr.ifti you some anecdotes of his wcer at the fourt »f Versailles, wh'ci will more fully unfo'd the jnftice of his claim to a.rtmi ation, for M pa triotic and difihterjffed condiA Flam the Monthly Review for Oclofrer, 179*. AMERICA. Art-. 5!. A Brief Examination of Lard Sheffield]! Olft rvationi on tti Commerce 0] tie United sides : In Seven Numbers ; with Supplemental Notes on American Manufactures, Bvo. u. 135 —2/6—Primet, 1 at Philadelphia, by M. (iire ; Tie-printed for Phillips, 8:c. London, 1792. LORD SHEFFlELDObfervations were written jnft at the close of a war commenced against revolted Britilh I'ependencics, arid which left them in the capacity of independ ent States ; an Alteration in citetimftaßces ihatreceffiirilv gave rife to more n svtcri'al changes in their domestic ceconrtfny, would bear decisive reaToning at tli.it pfrrioa. This examination was undertaken at a con venient diftanee of time, in order to compare Loid Sheffield's predictions with the present a&ual ftateoffafts; and was publillied in a Periodical Work, called The 'Anuiitah Mufeim. It has every appearance of 1 omin® from the pen of an able and well informed Writsr, whom Mr. Capel LofTt, the Editor of th'jEn glfth edition, points out to be Tench Coxe, E<q. affittant treafuier to the government of the United States. This examination is clea ly purfned ; and resting 011 known facts ( which we are to pre sume, from the authorities cited, are bevond controversy) the author writes with mhre temper and moderation than mifbt have been expected, considering the advantages whith he claims. He reprefeots the productions, manufactures, imports and exports, of Ame rica, as materially differing from what Lord Sheffield expefled when he wrote ; and if his Lord (hip, arguing from rhe past, vent ured too largely into futurity, he ran the rifl: to T-hich all political Reafoners expo r e ihemfelves. more or lei's, findihg their speculations set aside by eventj which their firelight could not anticipate. We are now informed, that the Americans are making a rapid progress in all the in oft (ufeful mancfaftores; not only for their own confnmptioii, but for exportation, to a degree that was once deemed incompatible with their situation, as having such tmmenfe lands to fettle—but while one description of men are spreading tbemfelves over new land?, the population in the old colonies will neceflar'rtv occasion new employments to be introduced ; for they are not fofficiently Irhproved and po -1 i(hed to fnpport drones of any description. When all the nfefbl departments of Society are filled, and their fyflem of affa : rs becomes more complicated, then will be the time to expert drones of all descriptions to creep in, and rife up, to fatten on the labours of the reft, just as they do among t'oeir anceftorc in the Old World. • I Hlf—llM^ r ' gi"
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