in his eflate against bis creditors-- they provide tor the poor, and what is far better, they prevent the in crease of poor by providing schools for the children. Not content with protecting the many from the few by equal laws, and by aboliflling diltinciiuns—ihey afford, by means of che public (rhools, all the aid ot the laws to ei.able the poor to be come rich,, and the humble to raise themfehes to eminence. Let thole who prattle about the late obfeuri ty of the republican fpirit'in New- England (hew, if the} can, In what inltitutions ot the filter'flates it ap pears with mote ufeful splendor.* The iiiftitutions and political ha bits of New-England do not evince a monopoly of power and rights by the few again It the many. I here was a time in 1774 and 1775, when the whole people of New-England fpoke,-through their town-meetings, the language of determined riefilt ance to tyranny. Then it appeared to the whole continent, that the town corporations in the eastern co lonies wete so many orderly repub lics, admirably adapted to the pre firvation of equal liberty, because they served to collect, to mature, and to give a momentum to the fen timentsof the people—and not less adapted to maintain good order even after the'authority of the lawsceaf ecl. In faifi, they flood for a time indead of laws and government,and during the whole war eminently af filed the dates in the druggie. Yet this didri<ft of country, though fill ed with petty republics which actu ally reduce republican principles to practice, and make them familiar to the multitude, is pretended by a writer, who probably never saw it, to have declined from its republi canism. Is there in the general state of New-England manners, any thing to warrant this infinoation ? The tenure of lands is in fee limple— lease eftatcs are almost unknown. Small, but independent freeholds, form infinitely the greatest propor tion of property and influence. A foil, too rugged for any but free hands to til], is found on number ]efs|trials, unprofitable when en grofl'ed into great plantations. It must therefore remain in the hands of a numerous yeoinaury. These are their rights, and the world has seen with what an high spirited con sciousness of their worth the New- England farmers have defended them. Are these the men, who not only nnderftand but who feel their rights, with whom the republican spirit is obscured ? It is true their habits are favorable to order they enjoy too much to desire the over throw of a government which pro tects their rights, and extends their happiness. But without meaning to charge sentiments unfriendly tn republican liberty upon the people of the fuuthern states, New-En<rland may vouch her constitutions" and laws, her political habitg and insti tutions, and the general state of pro perty, manners and society, as well as the recent events of the revoluti on, to prove that the ardor of her zeal is not abating, and is not infe rior to their own. NEW-ENGLAND NOTE * If any /hould be of opinion that too much ftrcfs is 'aid upon the use of public schools to preserve equal liberty, they foould know that Plato and the wisest of the Ancients rated education at no left price. All, fays Pj,ato, who have meditated on the ait ofgoverning mankind, have been con vinced that the late of empires depended on the education given to youth. What aie tie fohd foundations of the tranquility and hap pinefs of States'? Not the laws which regu late their confiitution,or which increase tlieir power, out the institutions which form the Ciusens md give activity to their minds— ijot t ie laws which dispense rewards and pun -1 laments, liut the public voice when it makes an exact distribution of contempt and esteem. When the nature, advantages, and defects of t'ied.Berent torms of government are care v,„. ih ,11 find that the dif toTXlE* ,"TT ofa to destroy tie best ot conditions, or to rec tify the 1110 ft defective. ■'~A7 RAf T. NV nrrccdeat c,„ Ju lt,fy an improper con , A " c ni which dtc unjust in ihem "'Vl\ f A K ,V "'j m by time, ihould uc\cr be fuffcied to coniinuc." Foreign Affairs. LONDON, September 21, WE have auihoiity to allure our readers, thai a very fl«mei\i»g invitation has been sent from France to General Walhtngton, to take the Command in Chief of its Patriotic Army. We have no less confidence in declaring, that if another campaign ii. had in F«anct, this icnown ed soldier will make it against. the hod of inso lent foes now confederated to destroy the liber ties of mankind, and those principles which have rendei ed America more valuable than all the reft of the Globe. If that Saviour of his Country, and Giver of Freedom, accepts the call, he is ro form a part of his fluff from some of his old brother officers. We exped every day to hear thai Confct-efs will deliberate, on the piopricty of afiiiling France, as also to what amount. If WASHINGTON goes to Fiance, every TYRANT will soon quit it ! !! LxtraCl oja utter fiom Calais. Sept. 15. Mr. Thomas Paine, after a of three hours, arrived here from Dover. The di erent treatment he met with at the two sea ports, is such as ought to make an Eugiilhman b!ufh for the chara&er of his nation. On the name of Paioe bring announced, the fold»e> y at the gates were drawn up, and the of ficer on guard having embraced him, presented him with the national cockade. A very pretty woman, who stood by, dtfn ed she mi zlu have the honor of putting it on h»s hat, exprefling her hopes that he would continue his exertions in favor of Liberty, Equality, and France. This ceremony being over, he walked to D'cflcin's, (whose ftrect is now called Rue dcl'Egalit*, for merly Rue du Roi) atttended by men, women and children, crowding round him, and calling out. 11 Vits Thomas Paine !" He was then con duced to,l he town hall, and there prefenitd tp the Municipality, who, with the greatest affac non, embraced their new Reprefcntative. The Mayor then addrefled him in a (hort speech, which was interpreted to him by Mr. Audibert, to which Mi. Paine (laying his hand on his heart) replied, faying, his life frould be devoted to their service. At the inn he was waited upon by the dif ferent persons in authority, and by the Piefidrnt of the Constitutional Society, desiring lie would attend their meeting of that night. The whole towu would hjVe been there had there been room ; the hall of the ' Minirnej' was so crowd ed, that it was with difficulty they made way for him to the fide of the President. Over the chair he fat in was placed the bust of Mirabeau, and the colours of prince, England a-nd Ame rica, united. A speaker acquainted him, from the tribune, of his elefticn, ainidll (he plaudits of the people. The women did not spare their hands, and, for some minutes, nothing was heard but Vive la Nation, Vivt Thomas Paine !" in voi ces male and female. They have appointed an extra meeting in thechutch to-morrow, m honor of their Deputy to the Convention, the Minima being found quite lutfocating,from the concoui fe of people who attended yellerdav. To-night there is to be a play, at which a box is to be re fervtd for the Author of the Rights of Man, the ohjr6t of ihc tnglifh Proclamation. Every thing here has the appearance of peace and quictaefs. The aifcnalt, are well supplied, and able to stand a two years siege. P. S. Mr. Paine has leccived a letter from the National Aflembly, which he is fa id to be an fwcring from hence. He will not probably be at Paris so soon as he thinks, lince he has been ele£led for Abbeville and Beauvais, as well as for Calais ; and they will hardly let him pals with out paying htm some mark of their attention. FREDERICKSBURG (Virginia) Dec. 6. We feel much concern in relating a melan choly accident which happened on Wednesday evening lad Mr. Abner Vbrnon, of Si af ford, in attempting to foid the Rappahannock at the tails, was thiown from his hoife and drowned. —He was a man ol a mofl amiable temper, cheerful and kind to every one, Heady in his principles, pure in his morals ; esteemed and refpe£ted by his numerous friends for his great integrity and ufefulnefs, and who, now sensible ol his worth, lament his loss with fmcere and general furrow. PHILADELPHIA, Dec, 22 Extract of a letter from Brigadier Gene ral Wilkinfon, to tbe Secretary at War, dated at Fort Hamilton, 6th Novem- ber, 1792, 7 o'clock P. M. " Just as I was about to dispatch this, I icccived a letter from Major Adair, commandant of the Kentucky mounted infantry, of which the enclosed is a copy: The check which the enemy experienced in this little affair, will produce good ef fects, and the event refle&s honour upon the major and the yeomanry of Kentucky; but the immediate consequence will be an entire stop to the transport of forage to the advanced post, as our pack horses ate either destroyed or disabled, and the rifle men dismounted. In this situation, lam perplexed by difficulties, as from try ig norance of the designs of government,and for the want of explicit orders, I am at a loss whether todirea the purchase of more pack hoifes, or to encourage the riflemen to remount themselves. On these points I lliall duly dehberate, and will make such decision as my judgment may dired, re. lying confidently on the liberality of go vernment, for an excuse, (hould I err; and in the mean time, I shall urge forward the transport of forage from Furt Waftiing *°n to tins post, by every means left in my power. 234 As tills affair happened near to and in fight of Fort St. Clair it may be enquired why the commanding officer did not sup port major Adair ? The answer is ftiort, and will, I hope, prove fatisfaCtory-"The gavrifon under his command is posted for defence, and not offence, and altho' it ap pears that in this initance to have hazard ed would have been judicious, yet as 1 have considered it fafeft for the national int«reftsto confine my subordinate officers by rigidorderstodtfenfive measures solely, they are bound to hazard in no cafe what evci, does not immediately and es sentially interest the faftty of the trust .which may be confided to them ; and it may be added that in the instance before up, the attack, was a raoft daring one, neither the number or ultimate obje&of the enemy, could be developed, before it was discovered that Major Adair was a full match for him. I have this moment dispatched twenty tif my mounted infantry, who will reach St. Clair before day light, to aid in bringing in the wounded and the weary. Copy of a letter from Major John Adair, to JSrigadier General Wilkinfon, dated Fort St. Clair, November 6, 1792. S 1 R, This morning about the firft appear ance of day, the enemy attacked my camp, within fight of this post, the at tafekwae sudden, and thejenemy came on ••with a degree of courage that bespoke them warriors indeed, foroe of my men were h#nd in hand'with -them before we. retreated, which however we did about eighty yard# to a kind of stockade intend ed for stables ; we there made a Hand, I then ordered Lieut. Madison to take a party and gain their right flank if poflible, I called for Lieut. Hail to fend to the left; but found he had been flatn ; I then led forward the fnen who stood near me, which together with the ensigns Bucha nan and Flinn, amounted to about twen ty-five, and pressed the left of their center thinking it absolutely necessary to afiift Madison. We made a manly pu(h, and the enemy retreated, taking all our hor se( except five or fix. We drove them a bont fix hundred yaids through our camp, , where they again made a (land, and we fought them some time, two of my men were here (hot dead. At that moment I received informati on that the enemy was about to flank us on the right, and on turning that way, I saw about 60 of them running to that point. I had yet heard nothing of Ma dison I then ordered my men to retreat, which they did with deliberation, hearti ly cursing the Indians who pursued us close to our camp, where we again fought them until they gave way ; and when they retreated our ammunition was near ly expended altho' we had been supplied from the gariifon in the course of the action. I did not think proper to follow them again, but ordered my men into the garrison to draw ammunition. I return ed however, in a few minutes to a hill, to which we had firftdiiven them, where I found two of m.y .men fcalpcd, who were bro't in. SioCW-tl began to write this, a few of the etdPtoy appeared in fight, and I pursued them with a party about a quarter of a mile, but could not overtake ihem, and did not think proper to go farther. Madison, who I sent to the right, was on his firft attack wound ed, and obliged to retreat to the garrison, leaving a man or two dead. To this misfortune I think the enemy are indebted for the horses they have got; had he gained their right flank, I once had pofleffion of their left, and I think we (hould hare routed them at that stage gf the action, as we had them on the re treat. I have fix killed and five wound ed ; four men are miffing, [ think they went off early in the action on horseback, and are, I suppose, by this, -at Fort Ha milton. My officers and a number of men diftinguiffied themselves greatly.— Poor Hail died calling to his men to ad vance. Madifon'a bravery and conduct need no comment; they are well known. Flinn and Buchanan acled with a cool ness and courage which dots them much honor. Buchanan, after firing his gun, knocked down an Indian with the barrel. 1 hey have killed and taken a great num ber of the pack-horfeg. I intend follow ing them this evening some distance, to ascertain their route and strength, if pof- I I»i i>.{ V {..v. 1 fible, bout fifty of n;v men fought with a bra very equal to any men in the world, and had not the on bee as a place of fafety for the bafhful, I think many more would have fought well. The enemy have no doubt as many kil led as myfelf; they left two dead on the ground, and I saw two carried ess. The only advantage they have gained is our horses, which is a capital one, as it disa bles me from bringing the inteiview to a more serious and fatiafaftory decision. I am foriy I cannot fend you belter news, and am, fir, yours, &c. Copy of a letter from JamerSengrirve, Efq to the Secretary of War, dated St. Ma, ry'j iid Nov. 1792. SIR, Beitig just arrived here from the con ference ground at Colerain in company with forty-five of the principal chiefs of the Creeks on a visit to my residence, and finding a boat departing for Savannah, I drop you a line in haste to inform you, that every thing hath gone favourable beyond my most sanguine expectation. I had present at our meeting the chieft of eighteen of the principal towns in etie Creek nation, peace and friendlhip with the United States they cor.sum, and de clare pointedly against joining the nor thern tiibes orany others red or white against us. The whole particulars you (hall have without delay. In the mean time I am happy in being able to fay that every thing is in a most pleafino state be tween the Creeks and our country. hope you will excuse this, as I zrow furronnded with a very nojfy but J ere W of Red Kings and Chiefs. Ext raft of a letter jrom General Wilkin U Fay t- 6th November, 179-4 DEAR SIR, " I have the pleasure to inform you, that Major Adair* has this dav had a ffrurt and honorable brulh with a body of savages, sup posed to be double his. number, near to Fort St. Clair, and that after several turns of forti tude and a {harp contefl- for two hours, he fi nally kept his ground, tho' the enemy carried off the great body of his horses during the ac tion. 4< I lament that Capt. Hule is among the flairi ; hut for the consolation of his f Tends, and of the friends of all who have fallen, they fell gloriously, and sleep in the bed of honor— Madison is again wounded—lf he continues his career, he will be a distinguished warrior. Be pleased to inform his brother that his wound is flight. Enclosed are the r.ames of the killed and wounded. Major Adair has done no more than I expected, that is, he has combined courage to conduit, and done honor to the state of Kentucky. N. B. The. enemy left two dead on the field, and were observed to carry off many. Hale, Matthew Englifli, Isaac Jett, Joseph Clinton, John Williams, Robert Boaling. Wounded—Capt. Madison, Thomas Hickr man, Aaron Adams, Luke Vorifs, Richard Taylor. * Capt. Adair commanded, a company of about too mounted volunteers, called into service from the Jhte of Kentucky, to escort provisions/cut from Fort Wash ington for the fupp!\ of Fort Jejfcrfon. LEGISLATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. MefTage from the Governor on Tuesday last. To the Senate and House of Reprefentat:+es of the Genual Ajfembly of Pennsylvania. CE NTLEMEN, THE Representatives of this state, fifth* Senate and House of Reprefeniaiives of the United States, have anxiously lug-gefted to me, the Tieceflity of making feme further' provision for the accommodation of Congress; as thep'f fent building will certainly be inadequate tor that purpose, when the ratio of representation, established by a late ait, (hall take effect. difpofi.ion which the legiflaturc of Penafylvani* has uniformly cvinced to promote the cafe and dignity, of the members of the different depart ments of the general government, assure me, that you will pay a cheerful attention to thisr fubje£U I (hall only, therefore, observe, thdl the proposed meafute may, perhaps, be accomplished, with out incurring the expencc of a new building, either by enlarging that which Congress now oecupics, or (as the legiflaturc, on a former oc casion, aurhoiifed) by surrendering, for the use of the General Government,the State-House and the adjacent offices. THOMAS MIFFLIN. (Signed) Philadelphia, Dec. 18,1 79« WEDNESDAY. A letter from James Pemberton and Jo a Kaighn, was read, requeuing a copy ot the pe tition of a number of the citizens of the Frenc Weft-Indies. The peti.ion of the DireOors of the Company of North-America, was read i e .e cond time, and referred to Mcffrs. Swanwic » Forreft, Turner, Everlcv, and Gallatin, to re P A mo'ion was made by Mr. Gallatin in i following words, viz. . , Rcfolvtd, Thai a committee be appointed w cnouiic into the propriety of lowering t e of-roproved lands within the boundaries o t - purchases made of the Indians prior to I ie y ea i *»85. 'The mtfTag-: from the Governor, read o« Tucfday, v»as referied to a committee. D-ed in this city, Mr. John S. Hutton, aged one hundred and ten vears. Mr. Hutton bora on Long-Iflund, in the U* of New-
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