* T V creditors, or of the .purehafiri;; cieJ-.tur which idea hid been rejected m Virginia, Pennsylvania, Matfacbufetts, and" vera" otn.-r Stnes, forming a larje inajoiit <• £ attempt to r--.0u.. « ; foUIC W, ) C i lWOU,.UudutC t - C • Hat »ft.>? creditor, t.. a '•»" ' - ; t. oft. The latter mode has beent. led . ..tc ,uUv, ami t-.ei.itereft will taereoy beared, .tt to about four and one half per cent, includ the fu'i value of the deferred debt, making" anno al fmn of 2,79>p-j;>doSla<-^ that a J.VI»Z hiifaci" «J 5 1 v . ' an*U It b mTreover to be toa the United State, have always sum, whether l(.e debt v. u depreciate., n > and that they ought therefore to have |hcw«1 - la-oe the '.lev.,. : .f the o rig.;.-- '» tracts, .V lith the old Co-.tgyM, and <c « .lone, and which Penny Lama (the". own State) and Maryland have hnce ( one, b gWing more to the creditort(Without dixnuii nation too) than Congress have done. It U » to bo forgotten that Mongrels do not W ~ r-lc dollar, as they do not pay more than t . contract, but, have induced the creditors ' c ,- lets—'hit the " Far MRU s own Stat. ;-ave fix percent, interest to a large numte.to -le i.Untied creditors, who now ap.iee to tak f.KS-and a half per cent, oft'.ongu'is and t.ia Virginia pavs her creditors a greater mteret ui her remaining St ire debt, without diluimi nation—that all the forefen world anpiaud am , U lire, as wife arrd efficient, the measures o: t he general government to restore public creui, —that "he credit of the Union is much bene. than that of any one State, as is inamteft Iron this fact, that the unaffuined debt ot ever; ■;-at -h 1 l'ij valuable than the debts ot —that the " Farmer's" State enjoys a ver; large part of the profits from the rife of tin debt, by holding continental certii.cates, to ai innienfe amount, procured for land;, at fix 'M" )in<rs per acre, &rc. which they novf offer t k r oil. Jhifiins in Ipecie—that they are exonerate, from all their debts, by fcveral sales ot thei public fc-curities, to the amount, in a linrie in stance, of near a million ofdo'Jars —and it mouh be particularly, very particularly that the original creditors h-rve not funere. from the re—, the debt by Congveis, but Iron the neglect of the States to pay the intereit, o their refufal to enable the old confederation ti do it, before the eftabliftiment of the prefen efficient government. If the Spates had not tie predated the debt by such omiflions and reiuials the peculators and gamesters, which the 4 * bar MEr" mentions, would not have made thei profits, nor would they ever he exited. Ihe have manijejll) t>vn created by, and gro&n out of th discordant a> d inadeq <dte financial operations oj th Stater, which, 4v depreciating the debt, opened a dop fer J'pcculation and gambling. .Had they fuftaine the debt at its jolt and intrinlic value, by pay ing only the interest and declaring the orinci)) j Inviolable, the original creditor would not hay. had cause to complain, nor would the purchase have h id ail opportunity to peculate in the pro pe: tv of tie soldier, the widow, the orphan and the patriotic lender in the hour of publi need. Tliefe are solid, unqueltionable truths and will not be denied, nor can they be difpro ved. The genoral government, on account o an honest performance of old contrasts, ough not be charged with consequences which ar only afcribable to the want of justice, or th want ftf ability, or the want of order and fyl teifc it the State governments, during the tim of the confederation. The difficult part, a juj provision, has been executed bv the existing na tional government, and it is entitled to all th< merit of being an efficient instrument of publi justice, nonor and prosperity. The impartia foreign world consider the conduct of the fede ral legislature in this honorable light at the p e sent moment. In regard to the eftabliftiment of banks, i that were<ci crime or a public injury, it inigh b? fairly asked who set the example ? The flat of which « The Farmer," from the place o publication, is presumed to be a citizen. Thi power of ifluing paper was unlimited in the char ter granted by that State, but is careful]; guarded "by the ast of Congress establishing thi bank of the United States. Other State legif latures have been guilty «f the crime of efta bliftiing bauks. But it is become too plain tha Congress may not do, without censure, the sam things, which are unnoticed or applauded whei done by a State. With refpeft to the opportu nity, which u The Farmer" alled2;es is givei to a few men to acquire what he calls llgppid fortunes, it is impossible to give rational an fwer.to it, because it is not poflible to afcertai his meaning. His presumptive meaning reft upon the fame principle as his ideas about th pubile debt, and, on a lair cftimate and sum ming up of the account, would really amount ti this, that feeing that former meafure c , or ne glefts, or disorders in the States, or in the oli confederation had occafioncd a depreciation o the public fccurities, or certificates, tind fevera other large portions or descriptions of property the genera), government ought tobeheidrel ponfible for all the past evils resulting from fuc injuries to the original owners of those proper ties, if they should by wife and honest measure restore them to their uatural and proper value though such restoration ftiould not cost the peo pie of tie United States one dollar more tha their old government had solemnly promised ii their behalf to pay. The last charge in u The Farmer's" im peachment is, that the United States have ena<sl ed an excise law, which provides for the col lection M* aiower excise (by near two-pence per gallon) from the people of Pennsylvania than they Weil obliged to pay by a law of their own State when the federal constitution Was adopt ed, and at the very moment when the ast of Congress waspafted. It may be fairly asked in regard to 4< The Farmer" did he ever petition the legislature of Pennsylvania to repeal their excise ast laying the above higher duty, or (if he has ever been a member of the legislature of the Stat") M-iiv tie r.ot move in his plate for tlie S>tat-/ . j which has ev ; 7erv year,.' But Congreft; haCe preiutW, tl-at oi .",i~ . t'-i State, which lian ai equal excile, '' mild 'sici-ji i'evere in their teniu.es upon >h~m f«r fallowing «■' example laying an cxtil uin.n fiiirit", which was let by thennelves. fbe fed-rd le-iflaturc could not but prelume, tnat, thu, the Vop:. of the United States veit«f. thein, in express terms, with the powei of ra f. ,5 money by excii'e, they might mnocen t.ye -r< ilo tli.lt power- They knew too, tnat Ma 7'chufctts l'A Connecticut had fit examples o t L Ein.c kind, and that tho:e too staves and Pe.mlvlva.iia contain within one ' xt^ moifity ot'tne f,« people of It km«v„, tnat .he.c. »e.te nt more 'tin* four orfivef.ee government p the face of the earth, and that eacu 9*. ' h _ L "'| collected money by excile. 'X he °9 et £ * d them in England Were examined, and wei e tou . 'tobe two that trial h "/ v a „d therefore Congrefi provided I:hat jurjM:n.js lhould be had in all cases under then excite aw and 2dly, it was objected that the Miingor m. n jton houjc of the citizen ni S h ' k : really rotlrved exclusively as a dwelling, : be enters at the pleasure of an esc.e °&c, ancf onlv after formal information be)lopi 3 c vil magistrate, upon oath, and t'wn oil» tU day time jnd in company with a civil office' ~ and that The excise offices should be confine . in their own searches to the aav , to the places, which were previously to be intended for the v,lt of ftonn £ or mak ng diftflled ipirits. If a perlon does not P c y c \ the difference between the Bnt.fo le ia and that of the United States two g ea and elfcntial particulars, it really must Uttipm ] <vant of that sober attention and conf,deration, with which the laws ecu con'rttfy in the world ought to be .cad 3 ex amined by every refleftmg, worth), well tentioned citizen. . |f In the 11th page " l®"7 , ... uUmeroiis expressions of concern tor equa.ity ol advantages, Lid for the poorer citizens, under takes to make the following aflertion, that the rich neceflarily in' all countries adniimfte. government, for they alone (fays he) have fith > and leisure for its functions That part of : the yeomanry of the United State,, • wno are, ■ not wealthy, need no comment upon a deciara , tion, that those of them who are not ' itch - reallv are inadequate to the duties of govern - ment frdni want of the requifit# knowledge. ► Though it might be aiked here, whether tie " Farmer" can be the friend of the people, I will rather do that writer the juftireto believe, tHat ho reallv did not mean all lie lays m the above paflage, but at the fame time it is to be hoped, that it will encreafe the weighty argu ments which refle&ion will fnggett to men oi undemanding, not to place their faith upo. " The Farmer's Letters." Foreign Affairs. W A R S A W, July I J THE new constitution, the termi nation of which we have long apprehended, is at length at an end. On Sunday night, the Rullian Mi nilter delivered the final answer of h.is Imperial Miflrefs, to the King, in which (he declares her determination of re-eltablilhing the ancient conftt tution, and of supporting to the ui moft of her power, the confederation of Targo vii z. The rapid advance of the Ruffian troops, and the determined language of her'lmperial Majesty, left King Stanislaus no alternaiive ; he, there fore, on thp following morning, as fcnibled the nobles, commuijicated to them the Empress's determinati ons, and at the fame time recommend ed, to prevent the further effufions of blood and difineinberment of the kingdom, to submit to a temporary iu cono-iiitncs, to revoke the conltitution fettled on the 3d of May, 179 1 . to re " llore (lie ancient form of government, and to submit the arbitration of the different,-J between the people of Po land aud the Euiprefs, to the three rebel Counts Potocki, Rzeivufki, and Branicki—and proposed, in compli -ance with a requifiiion from the Elll press, that Prince Poniatowfki fliould be recalled, and Count Branieki in vested with the command of the ar my, when the Aflembly was by no means unanimous in the adoption of l'entiments. A strong party, of which M. Mala chofki, Mai ihal of the Diet—Prince Sapicha, MarfhaJ of Lithuania—M. Potocki, jun.—and M. Soltick, were at the head, opposed the pacific pio pofuions of his majesty, and declared, that the king having defer ted the conrtitution, the conlVitution wirhoui the king, iliould repel the ambitious and oppreffivc views of all its ene •"■ies, or finking, (hould bury thou lands in its ruins. Eighteen thousand Atiftnans form a cordon on the frontiers of Gallicia, 146 « io 000 Prussians are flattened on the fronue.s oS Silesia ; who, as the Em pre*ls ia her letter declared, were leady to enforce her requisitions. All Lithuania oppofeft. the reltora tio.. of the old form of government, and the people throughout the Jung dom avc so much attached to the new constitution, ihat (honld the E.i.prefs ; c'li ry the poinr, a general infuirec ion will undoubtedly take place, and a civil war Hiult be the coniequence. M A N H E J M, Auguit 2. Last night the Adrian army, 1111- «Ur Prince Van Hohenloe, wbiaii was polled at SchWetzengen, began their march. he Mai qijis de bwnUe ar rived the (kiy before i lie infantry pafi'ed tlie Rhine Ketfch, and the horse ciolibd over the bridge near tliis city. I bis anny, which is 25,800 lli ong, will encamp in ilie neighbor hood of Spiers and Philipfbuig, in order to be nearer the Klfas, as the Trench have an army of 40,000 men at Gernierfheiin, near Landau. DarmJfaJt, near Manheim, Aug. ?■ I write from the general quarters of Prince de Conde. Our corps of French emigrants amounts to 6,000, and we are marching to Landau. By Sunday we (hall be before the gates. Tfie body of, Auftrians of Sehwetzen gen is 22,000 llrong, and is \vjthin three leagues of it, within the French 'territory. We are afliired that the emigrants which garrison the place are well affetfed, and that offers have been made to the Prince de Conde to deliver up the town. 'Ibis inltant a messenger is arrived, and it is laid or ders will be given for our immediate departure, tho' inarched a! - j ready upwards of 8 leagues during the heat of this sultry day. The Prussians have entered France by Deux Pouts ; the Prince of Bourbon on the fide of Flanders,and tlieCompte d'Artois by Luxembourg. For two nights I havp not slept, and 1 lojg to indulge mvfelf with a little clean ft, a w, which chance has thiowa in my. way. Augufl 7. The French General Kel lermaii, who commands the army near Landau,has drawn up his forces with in the lines of Wifl'emburg. The Im pel ial army is encamped between Germerflieim and Spiers, and Gene- A FREEMAN, ral Erbach is before Landau wit. 10,000 men. It is ("aid to be the plan of General Prince Hohenlohe to drive General Killerman out of the lines, in which cafe Landau must fall ; 6,c00 men defend Landau, and when of 12,000 Pruflians, who are expected by the lull, arrive, we expect a decisive Itroke. As the pallions a of men begin to j fubfidc, we are enabled to collect more accurately the particulars oh the late tumult. To procure arms the populace broke open the gates of the Arsenal, and several of the build ings near the I'huilleries were let on fiie.—The mirrors, and part of the furniture in the Palace were deltroy ed ; but those who attempted to car ry away any thing privately were punished with inltant death. Many of the citizens, by wr.y of triumph, carried the bloody clothes of the Swiss on the points of their lances. Amidtl these fccnes of horror, the women (hewed no signs of that fenfi bility natural to their sex, and many of them mixed boldly among the mob. Towards 8 o'clock the light, of the flames, the approach of night, and the fight of many dead bodies, particularly those of the Swiss expos ed quite naked, exhibited a fpedtacle awful and horrid beyond description. —The mob in their fury seemed de termined to destroy every veltige of . Royalty ; the ftatuesof all the kings were overthrown ; not even except ing that of the great Prince Henry IV. At the throwing down that of Louis XV several people weie killed, and others much 1 hurt. Every fignboard,which had the King's head, was destroyed ; and the Setftion of Marseilles have resolved to petition the Aflembly, that the words " The King," on the buttons of the Nation al Guards, be erazed, to give place to those of " Liberty ! Lquality!"— Daring the general confufion, M. Pe tion's father, a venerable old man, was carried about in triumph by the citizens, who congratulated him on PARIS, August i J having given birth to him whom the styled their realjritn4 Ihet ii J,'' killed at the Caltle have be( „ j,*. *,'* red vviih military honors.—l al j s vv . illuminated lad night, and every tiling remains quiet at present. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, August 12. The fifteen Southern departments of r ranee have opened a fubferiptiou !of three millions of livres, to be dif nibuted in rewards for taking the lives of the principal persons concern ed in the league against tiie French, which are offered in these funis. For the Emperor ( 400 xo The King of Pruflia 4x>,oot> The Duke of Brurvvick , 400,000 Stanislaus Zavicr Montxur 350,000 tiha'lei Phiiippt D'Aituis 300,00 a Louis Joleph Conde 200,000 Louis Henri Joseph Bourbon Bouille l'iiii'ame 200,00> Lambe]c 100,000 Brojrlio ■ 0 100,000 Milabeau Tonneau 100,000 Calomie 3 >,000 What remains, to be employed 111 rewards to thole who may lliit in deifrnyiiig any other principal parti zaii in the league. «" M. Robertfpierre cametd the hw, at the head of'a deputation.fr«in tW feftioii of the Place Vendome. ~H<> informed'them, that 011 the rains of the proud pedestal of the tyrant Lou is XIV. they had eret'ted a pyramid in honor of the citizens who had pe rilhed in fighting for liberty. The fix criminal tribunals of Paris came and took the new oath of liberty and equality. A fervnnt belonging to M. la Fay ette found means to ieave Paris on the night of the ioili, and to proceed directly lo the place where the Gene ral was encamped. He has (ince re turned to Paris, and has deposed be fore the municipality, that thearmy, which at fit ft w.ft'yi great commoti on, had unanimously determined to lupporc the Afleinbly. L O NDON, August 12. By the official dispatches received yclterday from the Britith Minifler, 1 at the court of bilbun, we learn, ttac the Portuguese have joined the league' agaiuit Fiance. The scattered remains of tfceßegi cide Ankerlhom, were 011 the 23d ult. ilolcn frcpii the diffeienc plwe* where they were exposed August j6. _ Whitehall, JVednefday Morning,. AuguJ} IJ . | " Mr. Auft presents his compJi nentsto Mr.Taylor.Maflerof LlojcjV Coffee Honfe, and acquaints hini,a-; ►reealily to his retjiiett, that a fflef: "enger arrived this morning' >aris, with the news of a cotnuiotldli m Friday, in which the inoli Wiled he greatest part of the Swiss Guards, vho defended the TbiiiHerie*. <«*i b several persons of diltiniTtioo ? a nonglt whom 'was M. Clermont IFoU lerre, and deft.oyed the )f the Palace, and all thi put nffS adjoining. At the brfcint)ing«: ht (unmlt, the King, to* he Royal Family escaped acrow t.fte rarden to the Rational Aflepibtyj l,l i' room adjoining ro «liich rt>»y c®n iu'ued 011 Sunday, whence roeUrt' rer fei out. On Fridayihe lecreed, that the Executive ?<**«<; vas withdrawn from the King, as hat, for the present, g^f rnn,e °l hould be entrusted Min j® er ,®.' heir nomination. That f>. hould be lydged ii> fomt pJ*«» afety, and lb* C ' vi^ ■ontinued. That the >lie» (hould be convened or . i nit. in order to appo.nt a N« Convention to meet at Pans ® , _ soth of September, to dcc.de y upon the forfeiture of t ind the mode of eftablilhwg tlf that i» addifi.n«« lie Royal Family, the . Na "^ B L d , "embly mean torefer>"n.he of the wives, children and reh the emigrants as hostage * - nccS cour they may retaliate any vloleo / C . S l mined b'y the »uke of Brunf«££ any par: of the con.b.nedI There is,therefore, too much g o dread that .his narked with all the fang jf civil war. „,.nMnn. that Letters from France Reflux M. de Florida Blanca 4,1 wbere 3 n his journey »o l ' ie C ? ' n fi n ed. ae had beeivordered to be connn J A
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