C§sZ£#o (fit A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNFSDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 6q. HIGH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA [No. 50, of Vol. IV.] ADORESS €jthe Editor of the Federal and Philadelphia Uau.y A d v t k i - i s f. k , To the Citizens of the United St at a of\ tHil'lCU THIS Gazette, though on ptiallv priblifhrd un-j tier ci»'<umftance.s of difcouragmg perplexity,' has, with the lifipg toitune ot our coun'ry, gra dually risen to an eminence far beyond the Editor's expectations. Encouraged by a generous public, whose rights ibis paper lias ever been ready to defend, and whom >t his tiom tunc to time endeavor- d to lerre, as a tnendly monitor against thole evils toj which other nations are expoled, it has " grown with its growth, and itrengthened with its itrenelh ; rt and this day tiie ninth volume (in compliance with the wiftics of many vefue&able citizens) comuientes, on royal paper, ot a fupcrior quality, and more than double the fixe of that on which it was fir ft printed in the year 1788. By the present alteration (which precludes, however, any farther change) the Editor will be enabled to gratify the public, with a more copious fele&ion of 'articles of domeltic and Foreign intel ligence—an accurate detail of the debates and pro ceedings of Corigrefs—a faithful representation of the progress ot agriculture, manufactures, arts ;mtU sciences, throughout the Union—and a ufelul neation of the chara&er, power, policy, inftitu rions, and manners of other nations. With a study proportionate to his conviction of their use- | fulnefs. he will early announce to the merchants the multifarious events that concern them. The! arriva'is and departures of vcflels—the course of exchange—the prices current of merchandize and of stocks—the regulations of trade—each in its proper will be care<ullv exhibited, with as great a degree of accuracy as the moil unremitting Attention can ensure. It is an advantage peculiar to the Federal Ga- zette, which cannot b<* too highly estimated, and which the Editor adds with gratitude to the pre- sent enumeration, that it is made the medium of publishing authentic copies of the laws of the United States, under the authority of the pro per officer, as soon as the adfcs have received the legislative fantlion. Intended as a faithful guardian of the sacred rights of the community, this paper was warmly and liberally zealous for the efbhlifhment of that noble monument of modem civilization, the Con stitution of the United Spates; and having seen it fafe from the attacks of its various opponents, and fucct fsfullv carried into etft-ct, this Gazette, with equal solicitude for that Conftirutton, will con stantly endeavor to remove whatever might im pede its firm ellabiilhment in the hearts and affec tions of Americans. A Heady advocate for the diminution of the debts ot the country—for the support of iis credit—and the general dif fufion of its happiness, the Editor Hatters himOeff he has contributed bis mite towards the extension of those sentiments that arc likely to promote mea sures so fa lot ary : and it is his intention to ihow equal fidelity, in the maintenance of order and thefuppoit of good government, on the one hand, and genuine liberty and lepnblicanitm, on the other. Upop this plan, and with* those views, it is fondly hoped- that the Federal Gazette may serve as a faithful hillorv of the taius—a complete town and country remitter—and a valuable repofnorv of uCeful and intcirtting information, totally divested of the v lolence—- the lliibctality - —the iictntiouf nefs of party. As the Ed tor flatters himf<?lt that a rftrofpt&fve consideration o' his conduct and fucc< fs wotild aT- Jord the best afTuianrc lor the futu-e peiformance | ot his enganem -nts, he omi eivcs it would neither be proper nor is it iiecefTuY, to speak of the in creafin? pooulavrv of litis the great imp., (lbn that is ftri.ck off daily, '> s rrus liierarv and other coriefpondeu's, mud na&e these Uonoiahtc cifcumttoiv-cs ( i iuicntly c^aipi cuous. j r In a paper of such general circulation, advei t Mo ments have viftMc advantages; and their e r\y\ and corfett Viwertion ihall always be an obj tl ltrift attention. With fent'iments of gratitude for the liberal en couragement of the pa ft, and with atTarances of exer'ion to def.-rve fut-'port in the future, the fub icubei »• ma,ins the faithful and devoted fcrvaiu of the puhhc, ANDREW BROWN, Editor and Proprietor of the Federal Gazette, ana PhtMat/phia Daily AdiOtiJir'. Philadelphia, IJi'Sepl. 1792 Subs.li iptions ' t Six Dollar) per annum, to >••• paid in advance) advoiitfcmeuts, essays, and atti clesol intelligence, for '!"■ rapei fpolt p-id) ate received at tlie Piiniirig-Otfice of I lie Fideral Ga. retteand Pfevj idctplna Daily Advctifi-r, a- Wafh ingtnn's Head, Cbelmit-ftrect, Philadelphia. Slibfcripfcions and adv»i tlienl (its aie ji!o rteetved hL the ioilowvug jjl ce.v, viz At B'ewllrr's tavi in, P' rlfinqoth, Nc<» -Himp ; Co!i man'sCotlce-Houk, BoltMalC'chu- U;ts ; Town! Mill's tavern, New poit,Rliode-Illmd ; Hull's tavern, Haiif"rd, Oinnefctirut-j the P ift- Otfice, Bennington, Vermont ; Bradtord's t ottee- House, New-Yoik; Drake's tavern, Trenton, New-lerfey; Brfntm.'s tavern, Wilmington, D-- lawatt ; Grant'- lavern, Baltimore, Maryland; the Eagle tave.i.. K • Iwhnnd, Virginia : J'ocltn & J)r Heibe's CofT< ertouff, Wilmirigtop, N. Carolina; Willi Jms's Cfiffee-H nifr, Charleston, S. Carolina ; and at r.ioun's Coffee-Houfe, Savannao. Geoigia. Tins Gazette is, b\ every pcfi, forwarded to, rcgutjrly tiled, and may be conftantl) fi.cn at cach ol the abimraeiuwncd places. Wednesday, September 12,1792. FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM. REFLECTIONS on the STATE if the UNION (concluded.) The conchfion : Iking m'/cel/aveouf thoughts on the government. THE independency of the judiciary, as well in the tenu e ot' their stations as in the permanency of their compensations, under the federal conflitution, and most of those of the states, is an advantage over the ancient repub- lies and the generality of modern governments, of inestimable value in regard to liberty and property. The United States, being without transma rine or dominions, are exempted from two inconveniencies, which have resulted from them.—An imrnenfe naval force has been found neceffarv to defend such territories, and protetl the trade with them in a time of war, and the difficulty of deviling for them a free lejiilation has hitherto proved insurmountable. The Bri tish nation declared, that they had a right to lsgiflate for their colonies and dominions in America, Asia, and Africa, in all cases whatso ever, and the revolution of the United' States, tn-ned «r»on that cardinal point. iipb.'erve that she Frtmch nation, devoted a Sliey are to the puWuit of liberty, have not yet been able to devise any fyitem of governmen for their colonies without a dernier resort to the legislature of France, it will" be a lource oJ comfortable reflexion to the friendr, of free and efficient government in these state«, thai we ara not perplexed by the neceility of so de- licate, important, and difficult an operation. It has been unfortunate for moil nations as well ancient as modern, that they have had 110 fettled pre-exilling mode of altering, amending, or renovating their political Ivllem, to which they could resort without a deviation from the legal courle of thing' hazarding the public tranquility, and often freedom itfelt.—lt is equally happy tor the people of the United States, that in their federal government, and in most of the dates, there exists a provision, by which those neceltary and defirableends may be obtained, with whatever zeal without recur- ing to irregularity or violence. principles being already fettled by common con sent, and duly recorded in the conltitutions, the people cannotlongmiftake the nature of amea fure, u law, or a poiiticßl maxim, which is ally opposed to them ; and when their judgment is decided upon any one or more derelictions ot those principles, of magnitude fufficient to in-l dilce an effort tor reform, their will cannot bei fuccefsfully resisted. The consequence of this state of things will be, that the mass of error will not easily accumulate so as to become in- fnpportable, being kept down by thele orderl; natural exertions of the community to relievi themselves at an earlier stage of inconvenience Too great a facility to change would, however >e likely to produce fluctuation 1 ; injurious ti >rder, peace, property, and indoftry, if not t( iberty itlelf: but as the mode of performinj he amendatory or alterative operations isflow lid consequently deliberate, light or dangerou changes would be very difficult to accompliA) n this view there appears to be very littl irobability, that changes from free or repre entative government, will take place, or the my modification of hereditary power will isi ntroduced into the government either ol thi Utes or of the union. Tbe people wi]l neve teliberately cOnftht tp the abrogation of tli o Vaufes in the feViral constitutions, which ex ilicitly provide both in general Keriru, and ii lirticular detail, lor.free or republican govern nent: nor does.it ptifitlering th( ! ;orcc: o?perfe£ttort we have obtained and tin roiiltant and moderate operations of the amen latory claul'es, to accumulate fufficient publi :vil or grievance to produce one of those con /ulfions, which the ambitious are wont to feiz is the moment to introduce by force, a defpo ic government. Even local circumstance :onfpire to favor the permanency of liberty ii hefe states. Being too remote fiom any so ■eign nation, to tender a war,. requiring a grea trmy> at all neceifary, that iiiftrunient,fooftei -.fed by ambitious leaders, is not likely to > ilaced within the reach of the enemies of free lom, while the union remains entire. It i vorthy of the mod particular observation am emembrance, that a dissolution of our govern nent would immediately open a door to thi tanger, as the several states or little confede acies, would each deem it prudent to maintai: i larger army than is now requisite for thi i,hole. The liiitory of Greece will inftrufl- u hat by this, more than by any otKer poffibl neafure, we Ihould be prepared for the milita y domination of lome modern Philip, or lbm< lew Alexander. A strong union and a tranqui iberty would be mifcrably exchanged for fuel i {late of things, It is an evident truth that the penal laws o hefe states, have beenkraduaily mitigated fines he opocha of their incKpendence ; and it is nc el's true, that the number of crimes does not lear so great a proportion to the population, was formerly the cafe, though an universal elaxation of the police took place in the late var. It is, perhaps, an ill iymptom of the date f things, in a society, when mild laws, ftriflly 117 executed, are incompetent to the prefervat.ion of order ard public happiness. Our penalcodei are. upon the whole, anjong the least ry ; and it is believed, they are not cruel, even in those unhappy cases, which impel com munitv to extremities. The constitution o< the United States has extracted all the gall from the punifiiment of offences against the na tional fafety, by corre?&ing the rower of lep.i' Jating concerning them with a niildnefs un known to the fvltems of most countries. It i honorable to the humanity and magnanimity o the American people, that this proceeding flow : d from them, almo'i unanimoudy, four year* ifter the revolution war. Future ages will dc juitice to a nation capable oi such an effort al i moment so particular. Taking the United States at large, there are ew or no countries in which at this time, the uft demands of private creditors can be ob ained by a more certain, a more expeditious, >r less expensive course ot legal process. There are some local, and a very few general gft&s yet existing ; but they are vaniftiing be ore the ipirit of the general and most ot the tate constitutions. There is no part of the mblic conduit more striking than the firmnefs vith which they have applied the caustic to tera e tancer.% which had b - 1 « ;d tc they - pecuniary lyftem, principally from .the -"'titious causes. It proves thecxiftence ot :hat v irtue and fortitude, which qualify a nati •n ibr republican government. 1 here aie lome •xceptionable circumftanres yet to be done a vav ; but the fucceisful eiiov ts which have been nade, juftify a c onfident expectation, that they V'i 11 n Id ere lop£ to the powers ar,d influences vWich have eradicated much greater evii', of \t lariie kind. j When vr: ON SEEING SOME CHILDREN AT . SICHING I fee yon litlle troop at play; By [orrow yet untouch'd ; unhurt by caic ; While free and fpomvc they enjoy to day, Content and earelefs of to-rnonow's fare ! O happy nge ! when Hope's unclouded ray Lighi» their green path, aud prompts their fim r-le mii'lh, Fundamental Th'-j' Ua* thin us thai lurking lay Tv vound ilie wtctched pilgrims of the eatth : i" rue the v jur that >:av« them biah, Auti threw them on a world io foil of pain, Where prosperous folly treads on patient woith And to deaf pride misfortune pleads in vain Ah ! for their future fare how many fears Opprc is iny heart—and fill tny eyei» with tears ! FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE liK 11 ED STATES. No. VII. I REPRESENTATIVES in COKGKtSS. Ttte importance of ele&ing men as rep'.efen tatives hi Congress, who are firm friends t» tbe present Co»4kitntior of the United States, has been hinted si* i" the course of these ptibli- cations. W'her. we take a retrofpeftive view i f the circum fiances and iituation oi the Union at large, and of this Commonwealth in particu lar, and compare the pre'ent state of things with this retrofpef", it would hardly seem i ecef- I'ary to suggest the idea to the people, that federal men, and Jcdcral measures, have done all that :s been done—and that to feture and perpetu ate -;:e bleffngs ef peace, credit and freedom, I fedc ul men alone fliould be the object of atten tion to I' c ficq citizen* of this State at the er fuing ele&ion. —No State in the Union has more to hope or to fear than Pennsylvania, from thqfe mea'ures of government which shall be adopted by the thi d Congress. Her local lituation makes her in some measure the pivot of tho e scales in which the fate of the U: ted States is placed. By those wife and energetic measures of the general government, which have been adopted, an alteration has taker place in her circumstances so much for the better, that every mind divested of prejudice, and the venom oi partv, is allonifhed at its contemplation. There I is nointereft or profeflion in the State whatever, which has not felt the aufpicions influence of those menfure-—mealures which were eflefted : by the federal part of the legislature in opposition ■ to the unremitted exertion* of those of a cliifer ; ent complexion—in oppoftion to the knovn, : because often exprefled opinions of men, who ; are at this moment held tip as tai.d dates for • the futfrages of this federal city and common wealth.—lt is often fpecioiiflv observed, that it is best to have'men of different fenMments in a| legislative affembl) —that the coliifion of opi nions serves to produce a more jtift decilion in the end. Bet, under this pietext, there is the greatcft danger of introducing characters who would rejoice in the'opportunity of lubverting the Conitltution, and reducing thele Oates to their late abject and deplorable condition.— There is no danger *>f tiuih'i dying for want ot exercise. The world is lo full of* fyftem-mon | gers, that there is commonly as many nioder, of doing bufmefs suggested, as there are persons I concerned, or have a voice in d:xe&in& it.— SONNET. — -*■«>- we e [Whole No. 5^2.] Some fay that it*Congrefs is composed of ft.de ralifts only, there wifibe none to watch then*. What fort of watchmen the lukewarm friend: , and the open enemies of the Constitution, havr (hewn thenifelves to lie, let past experience tes tify. Had the national legiftature heretofore confided of a larger majority ®f federal charac ters, it is evident to a demonstration that the public huffmefs might have been tranfa&cd in one half the time which was confirmed. There is a general remark which I have leard fuggeftcd, that if true, ought to be taken ito cor, fide ration by theele&ors—and that is. the weight of abilities throughout the union is with ti>r JcderaiiJls, by a verx great preponderation —lor tho' it is acknowledged that some of those in opposi tion to the government and it? measures, are men of talents, yet the number is very filial*- but two or three such, having as yet been pro duced by the whole continent 011 the public heat re. The people ought not to elect an antifederal character to represent them in Congress; fucli conduct would be no wiser than that of a com mander of a fliip, who fhonld enter a sailor tiiat: would take the fii lt opportunity to bore a hole in the veflel's bottom. -Foreign Affairs. PAIII S, June 22. THE Jacobin* are exerting every nerve to recover their power by inflaming the populace, but there is no doubc government will now go oa with order and firmnefs. A Persian atftrefs here, of a inoft beautiful person, is to have her head cut off in the course of the week, for issuing falfe afiignats. Every one la ments her fatal destiny in the molt pathetic manner. Her lover fufFers with her for being an accomplice in the bufineft. Yellerday M. Petion waited on the King, and drove hard to make his majesty believe, that during the ever memorable 20th of this month, the constitution had not been in the least particular violated, and thai every iefpet r t which could be expetfted, had been iliewn to him and the roysl fa mily. The King anfweredy " Yoji ; have entirely infringed the conftitu- tion so far as relates to the refpetft due to my person. Were 1 weak enough to cdnfefs the contrary, the breaking open of nine different doors to come to my apartments, by a furi ous populace, would denionftrate that 1 had advanced a pusillanimous falfe hood." M. Petion attempted to make some oblervatiens, the King infilled on his being silent. The national guards are Hill under arms, altho' no danger is apprehended for the present moment. The Jacobins are feathering fire and flames again 11 M. de la Fayette, on account of the letter which he had, they fay, the audacity to write agninft their club, in which he desired that it might be abolished. Yesterday there was delivered to the aliembly, the following letter from the King : " The National Aflembly is alrea dy apprized of the events of yester day. No doubt l'aris is full of con -11 ei nation. I leave to the prudence of the afiembly the management of rhe conftitutiori, and alio the indivi dual liberty of the hereditary repre sentative of the people. France will, with grief, learn what has happened. /\s to me, nothing {hall hinder me i'lom lteadily purl'u ing, without the lead diftrult, the views which are directed by the con iiitution which 1 have iworn to main tain, and to obtain thol'e ends which it prescribes. 1 (Signed) LOUIS." The callle of Bannes is re-taken, the rebels having surrendered at dif cietion. Du Saillan, and lonie of A the other ringleaders, have, howe\er, found means to el'cape. Particular Detail of ths lrruptioti into the 7buiUerics by th* Paris Mob; on H'ed nefday I act. 1 he King agreed, conformably to the conftilbtion,. to i eceive a deputa tion of 20 peril i s, and pointed out J1 ./
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