and one half times the people to supply at home which t ie Britilh have, yet is was declared b;. Mr. Necker,in 1784, that they constantly ship ; surplus of manufafturc-., amounting to ont hundred and fifty millions of livres in value pet annum. These great eftablifhinents of niuiiu faftures, founded much.more than thofc of En gland or Holland 011 native produftibns,' are the work of Ljeri, whom " The Farmer" holds in so little eltimation. Had tie Miniiier adopt ed the leading idea in the report of the Secre tary of the Treasury, that munujafhtref are prin cipally 10 be de/itedand piomotcd, on account of the de mand they occafimi Jor the yioduce of the tuitli France, which respects his memory, would nave hadreafon to blefs.h s name. All (olbert's er rors aroTe from too strong a perception ot hail the truth. The principal causes of those evils which ex isted in France before the late revolution were, 'the despotism, the extravagance, and the am bition of their government, the inordinate di)- tin&ions of mJn, contempt of the trading and manufacturing citizen, local imposts and other commercial errors, the inimeiife wealth of a clergv, who could afford annual contributions to the government, from their poflelltons, of above i 0,000,000 of livres, religious perlUu tions, a standing army of 212,000 men, ftlie great expence of the marine, and, above all, a system of taxation and revenue, through the meani of the Farmers-General, extortionate, anddeftruftive of the landed interest andlabori oas poor. Britain, which has tried the fyftein of direct ing the internal induft-r? and flock of her citi zens, by a<!ts of the legislature, in the most par ticular detail, has carried manufactures to a greater height than any ptv" nation, and has a; much freedom in her go 'i i merit as fbe had twenty or forty years ago. The evils of her prcfent flatc are not of a natftre to produced by the regulation of manufactures. — Their public debt has been created, by their efforts to fettle tfeeprefent family on the throne, by wars on the continent of Europe, by the de sire of naval superiority, arid, lafllv, of the whole by a seven years war \yltli the United State-, to maintain the fupre'«*acy of their Parliament. But could they discharge their public debt, eflablilh, on an equal footing, all chriflian churches, and obtain an equal re presentation in Parliament, few evils could be inanifefted to have arisen from the interference of their legislature with the business and flock of their citizens. " The Farmer," tells us, that Americans are to be taught the leilon of freedom by the French nation, and to be saved from ruin by following their example. The people of the United States, it is presumed, will dispute with all other nations the honor of setting an illustri ous example in the field of liberty, civil and re ligious. In the theory and practice of free go vernment, they surely are the firlt great mas ters. Witness, Favctte, and Rochambcdu, and Hi. Ton (Lauzun) and F)u Forfait, and A J oai//es 1 and the lamented Gouiion, firfl the pupils of America, and then the diftinguilhed champions of French and European liberty. Witness, a truth, of which no man can doubt, that every citizen of France, who is not an aristocrat, would rejoice to fee his country firmly and peaceably fettled under such a government as that which we enjoy. So much for the errors of the leiTaris, which u The Farmer" has extracted froiif his obser vations on foreign countries. The . fubjeft of another paper will be, the mistakes he has made , in regard to affairs at home. ON REPRESENTATIojtI. Extract from the Herald of Vprmont. TT were a consummation devoutly to be J. wished, that the true principle l ; of repre sentation might be fairly difculfed in public, in stead of the intereft<; and feelings of individuals. It is very easy to discern the drift'of pretend edly patriotic declaimers. Their views are not public, but personal. X remember, when the Judges of the County Courts were firft to be appointed in this State, a certain would-be Judge, in one of the counties, wasjafked, Who •would be appointed Judges ?—he rfadilv nomi nated/our (there were to be five atjfhat time) he could not name a man qualified for the fifth. Being alked, If he would not himfelf accept the appointment? he freely consented—hut the people did not approve the nomination. This fame man would, 110 doubt, have thought, that many of those who were nominated, were fit for Governors—Generals—any thing, which did not interfere with his present ambition." EXTRACT. " \J OTHING ought to be more weighed i\ than the nature oi" books recommended by public authority, So recommended, they soon form tie character of the age. Uncertain indeed is the efficacy, limited indeed is the ex tent of a vi/tuous institution. But if educa tion takes in vict as any part of its fvftem, there is no doubt but that it will opc ite with abun dant energy, and to an extent indefinite. Tie magistrate, who in favor of freedom thinks hiiAfelf obliged to fuffer all forts of publications is under a ftrifter duty than any other, well to conllder what fort of writers he (hall authorize and (hall recommend by the strongest of all sanc tions, that is, by the public honors and rewards. He ought to be cautious how lie recommends authors of mixed or ambiguous morality. He ought to be fearful of putting into the hands of youth writers indulgent to the peculiarities of their own complexion, left they fhou'.d teach the humours of the profeffor, rather than the prin ciples of the ft ie ice. He ought, above all, to be cautions in recommending ativ writer win has carried marks of a deranged umlerftanding; for where there is no found rearon, there car be no real virtue ; ayd njadnefs is ever vicious i and malignant." BRUSSELS, July 12. TNTELLIGKNCE lias been itceived L by this government, that early yesterday morning a bodyof Aull li an», consisting of about 5000 men, attack j ed a French corps, commanded by i M. Gouvion, who were encamped 1 near a finall town called Herfill), di rec r tly in the line to Mons, and afier defti oying all the batteries, carried the camp and obliged the French to shelter thetnfelves in Maubeuge. Ihe loss on the fide of"the latter wasffaitd t to be 200 men, and that of the Mill ri ans only 30. . A letter from Rochelle, datSßPia 2d inftanr, Hates, that the preceding! Monday was the day fixed on by the) Proteltants, the Jacobins, and tJnl conltituiional prieits, to drive fronj that place all the priests w ho had nofl consented to take the oaths. Jn tii// morning two battalions of Nation Guards arrived, and every thing r< mained pretty quiet till three o'clock, when a mob afl'embled in the Rue des Auguftins- By degrees the peoplr became inflamed, and at length, arm ed with sabres, allsiled the church. Tliofe within fide, endeavoring to fly, were severely handled, and two, men were trod to dea h. ' They af terwards went to the htiilfe of M. Triaioulle, whom they would have killed, had it not been for the May or's interposition. The Municipality formed a decree, by which it was ordered, that every priest who had not taken the oaths, (hould leave the department in three days, or to be driven from thence by public force. PROCLAMATION. By order of his Koyal the Duke tie Saxe-Teft hen, Generalifinno of the Aufti ian armies in the Low Countries, it is enjoined, that all thole who have delerted from the laid armies, and all thole who have emigrated with a view to join the ar my oi Bethnne Charoft, or any troops armed againlt the houle of Austria— if found in uniforms, or dtefled like citizens with arms in their hai ds, 01 among the enemy, will he irea'ed as rebels and traitors to iheir country, and punilhed 011 ihe i'pot, without a ny other trial than ihat'called jland recht, by the si (t regiment or corps by whom they (hall be discovered- By 01 <ler, (Signed) PKRtNT, Ac NATIONAL A£SEMB A FREEMAN. June 13. ACTION WITH THE JUST RUNS. LETTER [ROM LA KAYETTE TO THE Entrenchsd Cawp at Matibmge,June 11 " 1 NOW fit clown, Sir, to fend you an account of the affair neai Maubeuge. The day before yeltei day, our Light Troops had a Ikirmifli with those of the Enemy, in which the latter loft three men, and a few of both fides were wounded. " The Enemy attacked my advanc ed guard this morning, which they doubtlels hoped to ftirprize ; but M. Gouvion, who was informed of tfeeii intentions in good time, sent cff the baggage to Maubeuge, and began a Ikii mifli during his retreat, in which his infantry was continually cover ed with hedges, and (he Enemy's co lnmns luffeted greatly from our Ar tillery, and particularly from four pieces d'Artillerie, a Cheval, under Captain Barrois. The 3 cl and iith regiments of Chaflenrs, and the 2d of Huflars, ma moeuvred molt admirably ; the latter cut up a detachment of Hulans which advanced againftit. A violent storm, that prevented us from hearing the signal guns, re tarded our knowledge ot the artack The moment intelligence of it was received in our camp, a column of infantry under M. Lignevilie, and l another of cavalry, under M. Tracy were conducted by M. Narbonne to wards the enemy's left flank, while t . e ' e,e, " ve - led on by M. Mauberp advanced to the succour of the ad vanced guard. -1 immediately ordered nine jtioops to advance, and the enen.y, Foreign Affairs. PARIS, J tine 13 MINISTER AT WAR FOURTH YEAR OF LI B f 11 T Y 106 after abandoning the field of battle tu us, and alio pare of iheir killed and wounded, retreated to thcr for- mer cainj- " We marched upwards of a league jeyond the liaiion formerly occupied by the advanced guard, which relum ed iii former polls. " 1 flioulc) have felicitated myfelf upon the little fuccels accruing from this attack, if it hail not by a cruel fatality beet) the means of snatching from his country one of the belt ot citizens, from the army one ot the molt ufeful officers, and from myfelf a friend ofnolefsthan IJ years Hand ing. 1 mean M. Gouvioii, whole vir tuous life was terminated by a (hot from a cannon. He is bewailed by the soldiers, by all the army, and in l.teed by every body conscious of the value of puie patriotism, an unalter able faith, and the happy union of coinage and abilities. 1 speak not of my personal chagrin oti this occa lion ; my friends will pity me. " The loft of two Lieutenant Co •lonels of the department oftoie d'Or, alio call for my ju(l regret ; one was >-1. Cazotte, aged 7J, who had seen 50 years of service ; he was killed in (he late affair, while alfilting M. Gou vion to save a dismounted cannon. " File remainder of our luli ton fills in 25 wounded ; the number of killed is inconsiderable. The enemy has fuffered much more considerably than us. We have made some pri lotters, and I have received no ac count of any being taken 011 our fide. *' This is the mod exacfl relation that I am able to tranfuiit you, pre vious to the receipt of official and authentic accounts. (Signed) " La FAYETTE. " General of the Army." The A trembly initamly ordered the committee of public inftriitfiou to bring in a report, in what manner the efteeni and gratitude of the nati on might be tellified towards the me mory of M. Gouvion. DUNKIRK, June 16 The little army which was encamp ed in this neighbourhood, confining of jooo men, composed nearly of an etjual number of regular troops and national guards, under the command of .Gen. Carl, and General Mouronen feeond, marched this morning on the Triad towards Lisle, attended by a train of artillery, for the declared pUrpose of joining the Grand Army under the command of Gen'rls Luclt- r and La Fayette / [ he Citizens of Dunkirk had been previously fuminoned, and ordered ro furnifh all their horses for the use Gen of the artillery and baggage waggons, with alacrity was accordingly done : Ample rellitution however will be made by the Nation, to every individual who fultains any lols or damage by the accommodation. Much cannot be said in favor of lie discipline of the Troops, or their military afpetff ; but they declare that their deficiencies in these re fpecfts (hall be made up by personal valor. It was apprehended, that the army of Dunkirk was destined for the cap ture ofOHend ; but (uch an attempt *ou 1 d have only proved the want of ifi formation, or a frivolous gasconade, as half a dozen men, with a single cannon, would obtain the surrender of that town : all the military stores and other properly lately there, be longing to the Auflrian government, having been removed, and the place consigned to whatever military force might chufe to attack it. No opposi tion-, therefore, would be attempted, farther than (hutting the gates, and openin g them again,wii h a surrender of the keys,on their beingdenianded. The port is now free to traders of every nation, and the property of ihe merchants and individuals is and will be held sacred. The fact is, ilie French do not think that place worth taking, which the Auftrians do not think worth defending. The maritime commerce of each country will meet with equal protec tion—Some French frigates and (hips of war are Rationed off Ollend, and other (hips of force are cruising in lie Roads, to prevent piratical de iiredations, ratherthan from any ap urehenfioiis of national hostilities by sea. LONDON, Junei , fi* ,lt 'cnian who arrived ; yellei day afternoon f',„ m mentions, that the Austrian « 1 the amount of i 7 0 00 m* ' 1 command of Geneial He"' r" ' ,h< niavthed lall, and General LuckneiC" was known to be , n J lame tune • tlnr »•; 1 was heard at Oltend on that just on the departure of, h,'l «• «>'« Greffier h„l receivld Press from the Governor of Won!" with aii account of the A ulli ia„s hav' ing taken ouneen pieces of and two howuzer, j„ thil aC(] ' I, 1 he Polirti army is encamped in feve.al d.v.fions upon the frontier, which the king was expected to vifi[ about the beginning of this month. The head quarters of Prince Poni a . towlki, his Majelly's nepliew, are near Winicka ; General Wieloher fki is ported with yooomen near Tulc. zyn ; and General Kofcinfko protect the road towards Kiovic. The Puiffian army has entered the territory of the Republic in several columns, each of which is accompani ed by forue of the discontented No bleflc. Upon their fiift entrance,a detachment of about 800 men fell up. on one of the Polish advanced polls near Tolozyu, confining only of 80 men, who, after a vigorous defence,, rejoined their main body?, carrying off their dead and wounded. The following is a letter from tlie head quarters of Prince PoniatoWiki. MAY 24. " We have jnft received advice from Lieut. Col. Gaachowlki, that the enemy's Cofl'aks have been repulled by our Patroles, near Czerniejowic, and pursued as far as Serbow, where was found a large body ofßulTian in fantry, and 12 cannon. Upon per ceiving this foperiority, our troops retired in good order, but wereo bliged to abandon to a thoufandCof facks, who pursued thein, a quantity of ammunition, which they had tak en from .< he enemy." The Court of Vienna is faitl at length to have granced permission to the French Emigrants to embody tliemfelves against their country,and to iiave advanced them a Aim of mo ney for that purpose, 011 condition of submitting their military operations to the direction of the Austrian Com mander in Chief. During the march of La Fayette I nvmy, two of the private soldiers at tempted to excite a mutiny, by crying out that they were betrayed, and re quiring to know whither they were marching. They wereinftantly lei* ed, tried by a drum-head Court-Mar tial, condemned, and executed in the fight of the army. _ There have been frequent (kirmiffl es between the Coflacks and the rj lift National cavalry ; but the Rullj an forces have not advanced oil ei ther fide, more than a league into the territory of the Republic- , 5 Polilh army'was expedled to have lti complete number, an hundred t on fand men on the of May. The King of Prussia has a ferwM dilute with the circle of Francoflia, who not only persist in their i> eu ■" lity towards France, bat wil permit the paflage oftworepmi of Prnflian hussars through their millions. June 31. The Hungarian Nation ha« offer ed ro the King twenty five of florins, to contribute to pences of the war declared b) • The Dnke_ of Brnnfvvick, '^ Commander in Chief of the K army, is to go to Cob rfCep vfry thing is prepared ( tion, at the laiert the 2 .V'U The combined armies, it'« H will be ready to aJi by ti that month. . , bnrri- Monday fe'nnight a viol fi|ni . cane happened at Bj'-nnng |ht lar to one which liapp e which fame place this time two y p ar k ( blew across Packington, [htn , and tore up 2{ e' mS > „"'!" U iiknf ar, 5 r 50 feet high, and 1 1 flde|C arrjing two feet in diamete , al id away large benches fr«m other trees.
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