employed in the co'.'eftlon of the duties of impost and tannage, was taken into consideration. Mr. White proposed an additional (eftion to the following purport :. That whenever a collector (hall die, the commiifions to which he would have been entitled, on the duties bonded by him, and unpaid at the time ofhis decease, ffiall be equally di vided between the legal representative of liich collector and his fucceiTor in office.—This being agreed to, the biii was <>i dered to be engrotl'ed for a third reading. In committee of the whole on the bill authorizing the remis sion of certain duties. Mr. Bourne in the chair. The provilions of this bill are for the remiliion of the duties on wines loft from the cargo of the ship Brothers, wrecked on her voyage from New-York to Philadelphia, and certain goods loft 011 board a ihip wrecked near Plymouth, Malfachuletts.— The bill was reported without amendmeat—tlie vouchers re lative to the bulinefs being read; the bill was ordered to be en- grafted. Mr. Boudinot moved that the resolution for a joint com mittee to wait on the Preiident, to request that lie would ap point a day of public humiliation and prayer, &c. was taken into conlideration—the House being equally divided on the question for taking it up, it was determined in the affirmative by the Speaker. The question then was for agreeing to the resolution—Mr. Livermore obje&od to it; he doubted the conltitutionality and propriety of it. The question being put, it was carried in the affirmative— 22 to 21 —and a committee of three appointed. The bill entitled, an ast for the relief of persons imprisoned for debt, was taken into confideration —Some farther amend ments were agreed to, and the bill pafled. The bill concerning fpiritsdiftilled within the United States, was further difcufled —the debate was renewed—several pro positions of amendment were offered, some agreed to, others rejected and the bill ordered to be engrofled for a third read ing. A mefTage from the Senate, by Mr. Secretary Otis, inform ed the House that they have concurred in the bill for altering the time of the next annual meeting of Congress. A bill to authorise the remillion of certain duties, was read the third time and palled. In committee of the whole, on the bill confirming an award of certain referees between the United States and certain per sons, contractors for supplying the army of the United States with provisions, during the late war—Mr. W. Smith in the chair. The committee reported the bill with one amendment, which was to strike -out the words " award or," in the firft fe&ion —This amendment was agreed to by the Houle, and the bill ordered to be engrofled for a third reading. The report of the feleft committee, to whom the report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the memorials of the Loan- Officers of Rhode-Illand and New-Hamplhire was referred, was taken into consideration by the committee of the whole— This report was in favor of the memorialists, and contained several resolutions purfuar.t thereto—Some amendments were agreed to; the committee then rose and reported progress. Adjourned. STOCKBRIDGE, April 17. The following scheme exhibits the different number of white males, above and under 16 years of age—also the different number of free white Males and Females, in each of the United States, agreeable to the late enumeration of the inhabi tants. s 1 •s s T3 JS O i - • k- — 3 W <U - « e *-= 3 — £ Vermont, New-Hampftiire, Maffechufetts, Maine, 107 12 35 8164 Rhodf-Ifland, Conuetticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, Georgia, 220 6120 5578 3835 3840 4576 FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. A LAW is the will of the community collected and exprefT ed hv the representatives. Yet as every law is to be en lorced, it implies, that the will of some persons is croifed, and made to bend to the will or law of the whole society. It is alwayseafy for such persons to cry out tyranny, arbitrary POWER WE HAVE ESCAPED BRITISH DOMINATION, AND BE HOLD WE HAVE ONE SPRINGING UP IN THE MIDST OF US THAT insists on being obeyed. The proper remedy against the evil tendency of such intemperate appeals to the passions of the people, is to remind them that the law is their will, that when the law is reiifted, tney are inftilted and difobeved, that government is their authority deposited in the hands of their servants, and that the dominion of the people ex#rcifed by a government of their free choice, however compared to British power, and denominated arbitrary by audacious scribblers, is the most durable, ufeful and complete liberty that can be en joyed by men. As the will of some is controuled by every law, it happens also that the interest and advantage of others is promoted by it. It is eafv in this cafe, to hold up to the envy of some, and to the anger of many these advantages, and to accuse the go vernment of partiality. It would be little to the praise of a j law to fay, that no person is the better for it, and yet if *ny person is benefited, the newspapers tell us that all others are fufforers. This is the cafe of the funding law, and the com plaints against Congress bear this impreflion. It h 110 bad compliment to the government to bring against it ac cusations in this style only. The reproach of a bad govern ment, and the ordinary complaint against its proceedings is, the oppreilion of the people by law. Congress is not accused of opprefling any order of men, for every order of men is thri ving. and industry in general is promoted by the protection of the laws of the nation. The charge is, that Congress has U o B v . <M £ . o "» W. 1U o o 6 tj (9 S/J e Ji u V O »- TJ O 3 l/> .£ o 0 - . 6 eat» w. W > 0 2\S S C rt .a J» a M.2 a w £ 354 i 3 60 « s »- £ *■> - -3 2 E -S 3 *-» £ 2 S u _ 14 4258 777 7840 2262 834 2 5 02 95 ot. 34'° H373 i 54 2 5859 12025 3289 6784 6418 1408 5 1 99 1903 75» 8 2146 94' railed tiia value of the debt by the funding law, and t!ir? is called partial and unjult. Was there ever fucu a charge ! J he debt was due, and common justice required the payment. But fuppofethat Congress had struck the certificates dead at once, by refufing to fund or provide for them. Would such a meal'ure have been deemed by tiie present race of fault-find ers jult, impartial, and republican. These very men would have iuug in a louder note —Congress is bound to proteftthe rights of property, yet it has violated them. The burden mould be common, yet the whole loss is thrown upon the few certificate holders. This unjult:, tyrannical, partial, cruel oppression eltablilhes Congreis as a despot with an absolute exjntroul oyer property—not by equal taxes and equal laws, but by arbitrary decrees, as base, as cruel, as subversive of order, of confidence, of liberty, as thole which iflue from the Divan ol Constantinople. What answer could Congress have made to these just reproaches ! Happily they listened to these reasons at the time of palling the law, and the world will not be lo much imposed upon, as to believe that they have paired an unjust partial law, because they have respected tin; rights of property and the dictates of common justice. Every friend of his country will join in the wifli that Congress may never de serve the praise ot tholfe who now censure it, by conforming its measures to their deftruc'tivc principles. Philadelphia, May 2. Yesterday and the day before the Indian Chiefs and Warriors of the Six Nations took their departure from this city. Proposals, we hear, have been made for cash, or the debt to be redeemed therewith, from 12/"to 12/2, for the whole amount ot the 936,000 dollars, which Pennsylvania had to fell, in order to redeem the State debts thereof. This, at this particular j un&ure, is a proof of the good credit of the public, notwith standing late embarrajlments. A gentleman of high reputation declared in his place in Con gress, in a late debate, that the Bank of the United States, of which he is a director, had not fuffered and were not likely to fuller any loss by the late fall in the price of flocks. This is a very fatisfaftory proof that the Bank is administered on ve ry fafe and solid principles. On Saturday last failed for London the fbip William Penny Capt. Jofiah, in which went the following passengers : Phineas Bond, Esquire, His Britannic Majesty's Consul for the states of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Ma ryland. % Dr. Segur, Mrs. Segur, Mr. Ebenezer Breed, and four French Gentlemen and a Lady. The jewels worn by the Duchess of York, on the Queen of England's birth night, are estimated at 40,0001. value. Forty-two new carriages were launched on the above occa sion. By the latest accounts it appears that the French emigrants have taken their departure from Coblentz, and are rendez vousing at Ettenhehn, in the Biihopric of Stralburgh. On Saturday last, the 2ift of April instant, the cause of Col let, versus Collet, was argued in the Circuit Court of the li nked States, for this diftridt, before the Judges Wilson, Blair, and Peters. It came before the court on a bill filed on the e quity fide, and a plea to the jurifdidtion. The bill stated the complainant to be u a fubjedl of his Britannic Majesty, and that the respondent was a citizen of Pennsylvania." The plea averred the complainant to be 16 a. citizen of Pennfylvaria." This plea, if true, deprived the court of its jurifdi&iou, as the courts of the United States, have no right to take cognizance of controversies between the citizens of the same state,unlcfs in some particular and excepted cases. In order to prove the point alledged by the respondent, he offered in evidence a certificate dated the 30th of April, 1790, granted by the then Mayor of Philadelphia, declaring that the complainant had, on that day taken before him the oath of allegiance to the state of Pennsylvania, agreeably to an ast of assembly, bearing date the 13th March, 1789. To combat this evidence, the complainant shewed that he was a native of the Isle of Man, parcel of the dominions of the Britilh crown, and contended that the naturalization granted to him by the authority of Pennsylvania, was absolutely null and void; for that by the Bth feftion of the firft article of the Constitution of the United States, they have power " to make uniform laws for the naturalization of foreigners and by their ast bearing date the 26th of March, I79°> had actually exercised this authority. The queflion turned entirely upon the point, whether the power given by the constitution to the legiilature of the United States was exclnfive of, or concurrent with, the au thority of the individual ftatesFor if it was exclusive, then the individual states had no right to legislate on the fubjeft of " naturalization,-" and whatever had been done by the state of Pennsylvania, was absolutely null and void. It was argued at large by Mr. Randolph, Attorney-General of the United States, and Mr. Sergeant, in support of the bill, and Mr. Levy in support of the exception. Their honors the Judges, after confutation with each other, declared their opinion, That the power given to the United States was meant as a guard against the narrow regulations that might at any future time be adopted by the individual states, to check the admiflion of aliens, not as a security a gainst too easy an introduction of them ; that this purpose might well be effected without inhibiting the right to the indi vidual states; that of course the naturalization granted under the authority of Pennsylvania, conferred the right of citizen ship, and that the complainant's bill mull be dismissed. By far the greatest part of the oppofers of the new consti tution have seen that their fears were groundless, and to their ] great honor as citizens have cheerfully acquiesced in the ad ministration of the government. It would be strange if some few whose pafiions were inflamed by the dispute lhould not be found as implacable as ever. The newspapers ftiew that the attack on the government is renewed with more solemnity and address than it was begun. Without pretending to fay that these enemies of the government are in the wrong, it is enough for a political enquirer to d'lfcern by their writings, that they are enemies. Accordingly they mix cenfsres upon the frame of the government, with their invectives against men and measures. The people and these writers have very different views; the former wish to have the constitution well administered, the latter to make the resentment of the public the means of its deftruftion. That the writers entertain these views cannot be proved beyond contradiction ; lur ivho can fee into the hearts of men?— But the complaints of these re formers go far beyond the change of men and measures, and they do not scruple to fay that the frame cf government itfelf is defeaive and unfafe, Indeed, if the government is half as bad as they defciibe it, they have some excuse for attempting to subvert it. 423 The firft flep towards pulling tyranny down is to make the multitude hate it. For us many, can overpower a tew, a pa triot can be certain of beating the tyrant as soon as he can combine the force of the many against himj accordingly, it has been considered as worthy and laudable to inveigh agamft des potism. But when the people set up government with their own hands, it is absurd to attempt uniting the people against government; why therefore some men Ihould preach about republicanism, when tliey attempt to write down a lepublicuii government, it is not easy to lay. Perhaps they remember it was once popular to attack a foreign government, and tney have not yet learned to conform their ideas to the nature of the government they are 10 happy as to live under. Other wise they would not sneer at the duty—for being a promise it is a duty, of those who buoy up the government which the peo ple have freely chosen. Do persons usually tryto make others hate what tiiey Jove themselves ? No ; writers who draw such vile [,i:tures of the government, do not draw from the life, but their own disor dered imaginations. They rave about monsters, becanfe they are out of their wits, but the sober public cannot find them. " The desire of public notice infatuates the mind of some to that degree, that they prefer the censure and univerl'al re prehension of mankind to being passed over in silence. The idea of not being noticed is to them worse than non-existence, and they would choose that their names Ihould be bandied about by all clalTes of people, branded with infamy and dis grace, rather than remain in oblivion. " As the desire of diftinftion is universal, when one attempts to force his way to it, others grow jealous, and take pleasure in pulling him down, that they may raise their own upon the ruins of their neighbour's character. u Feeble indeed would be the guards of virtue, {lender the fences that policy might ered: against transgression, did not man feel a dread of that Being from whose eye not a spot in the universe lies concealed, and who is a witness to every thought and deed of his creatures. A belief in his superintend ing providence—that he is the dete&or of the heart, and the punifherof hidden wickedness, alone creates the faii<stity of an oath, fixes the basis of virtue, and preserves inviolate the laws ofjuftice. In all the casual modifications of political life, religion is the foul of duty—it forms the intrepid soldier, the conscientious legislator, the faithful magistrate, and the upright judge; it is the great basis of civil government and of society. The subtle and unprincipled Machiavel himfelf pays this compliment to the ancient Romans; u their reli gion, fays he, produced good laws, and good laws their GOOD FORTUNE." A late London paper fays,— a Our continental dispatches received last night, of authority unquestionable, l'peak decided ly of a serious and immediate attempt to effe<st a Counter-Re volution in France."—lt is added, that the King of Pruflia, having refufed giving audience to Monf. Segur, the French Ambaflador, he had left Berlin abruptly. Last Monday week arrived at New-York, the {loop Maryann, Capt. Sage, of Middletown, in 15 days from Port-au-Prince ; who advises, that three days previous to his leaving that place, about 600 troops, with a number of the inhabitants, made a sally on the revolted negroes, by whom they were repulled, with great {laughter—that the inhabitants of Port-au-Prince, were in the greatest consternation, expe&ing every moment a general attack on the town. The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, have lately or ganized that institution, agreeably to the a£t ot Union, by the ap pointment of the following gentlemen to fill the different Pro feflbrfhips. John Ewing, D. D. Piovoft, and piofeffor of Natural Philo sophy. John Andrews, D. D. Vice Provost, and profeffor of moral Philosophy, CEconomics, and Pulitits. James Davidfon, A. M. Profeffor of the Latin and Greek Lan- guages. Robrrt Patterfon, A. M. Profeflor of Mathematics. 1 William Rogers, D. D. Profeflor of English ar.d the Belles Lett res. Henry Helmuth, D. D. Profeflor of the German and Oriental Languages. William Shippen, M. D. Profeflor of Anatomy, Surgery, and Midwifery. Adam Kuhn, M. D. Profeflor of the practice of Physic. Benjamin Rufli, M. D. Profeflor of the Institutes and Clinical Medicine. James Hutchinfon, M. D. Profeffor of Chemistry. Samuel Powel Griffitts, M. D. Profeffor of Materia Medica. Casper Wiftar, M. D. Adjunct Profeffor of' Anatomy, Surgery, and Midwifeiy. Benjamin Smith Barton, M. D. Profeffor of Natural Hiftqfy and Botany. James Wilson, L. L. D. Profeffor of Law. In the lift published in our last of the young gentlemen who graduated in the Univerfuy of Pennsylvania the ißth ult. the name of Burd Wilson, of Philadelphia, ought to have been inserted. Married, Charles Godfried Paleske, Esq. his Prussian Majesty's ConfulGeneral to the United States of America, to Mifa Hannah Elmslie,of thiscity. Died, on Wednesday last, Mr. John Hardware, and on Friday, Mr. Georce Ronaldson, bolh of the Island of Ja maica, from whence they lately came to this city for the recovery of their health. SHIP NEWS, ARRIVALS at THE PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Brig Susannah, Morry, Schooner Peggy, Butler, Swallow, Hall, Sloop Polly and Sally, M'Neran, PRICE OF STOCKS. 6 per Cents, 3 per Cents, Deferred, Indents, Final Settlements, - - iBJ6 Half (hares Bank U. S. 50 per cent, premium. Shares Bank North-America, 13 ditto. TO BE SOLD, THAT large, elegant and convenient HOUSE, in which the fubferiber now lives, situate in Elizabeth-Town, in the state ot New-Jer!ey, with'in 16 miles of the city of New-York. It it fin.lhed in the very best manner, and peculiarly convenient for a gentleman with a large family. The Lot contains about four acres of land—the Garden is large, well laid out, and flocked with a good afTortment of fruit. For further particulars, enquire of William Br ad for D,Efq. in Philadelphia, John Pin tard, - £lq. ill New-York, or the Subscriber, on the Prcmifi'. May 2, 179 a. (iaw3w) ELIAS BOUDINOT. Bayonne N. Carolina Virginia ditto 21f r 12/2 12J6 'V 3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers