PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEKA'O, No. 69, HIGH.STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA [No. 68, oi Vol. lIL] Wednesday, Decembeji 21, 179 1. FROM THE S.ALF.M GAZETTE. REFLECTIONS ON THE PRESENT SITUATION OF THE distilleries of the united states, HERETOFORE EMI'tOYED ON FOREIGN MATERIALS. IT has been a fubjeft of frequent apprehcnfion, to attentive ob servers on the internal industry of bur country, that the Diflil leries wouid one day be deprived of their neceUary supply o\ fo reign materials; the obvious poflibility of various events suggested thcfc fears. A contingency, as unhappy as it was unexpected, has at length happened, whicK menaces a long interruption, perhaps a total privation, of that large part ot those supplies which has been drawn from Hifpaniola ; and the late difordcrs in Martinico have confpiied to heighten the evil. In consequence of these events, the ordinary operation of above one hundred Distilleries will be fufpeuded, and the subsistence of those numerous families that are dependent on them may for a time be cut off. The ravages already committed in the Weft- Indies must occasion a defalcation of produce, which will require several years of industry to restore, alter tranquillity shall be efta b 1 vfhed. To supply our demand for the raw material from any other source, is impra&icable ; and if it were poflible to procure from the iflauds of other nations di/lillcd spirits equal to our con sumption, yet the importation would be exceflively expensive, as well as impolitic. Little more than eight millions of gallons are annually made in those islands; and the demand for the expelled Spanish war advanced the price of rum in Jamaica 50- per cent— What then would be the effect of a new and certain demand for feverll millions of gallons ? But if it were pra&icable to procure the distilled spirits from abroad upon moderate terms, what would be the fate of the Ame rica*) Distillers, their workmen and dependents ?—Would not their capitals become unproductive, and their distilleries fink, into ruin ?—lt is to be feared, too, that the navigation interest conned cd with this branch of industry, will teel a share of thefc unfortu nate events. To avoid evils so great and extensive, must be the wish and en deavor of every good citizen : if, however, they cannot be altoge ther avoided, prudence perhaps may mitigate them :—it is thought that a mitigation of them miy be found in the application of our Diflil lers to the manufacture of Grain Spirits. The harvests of Europe are fa id to have been abundant ; those of the United States are known to be so ; and a redu&ion of the prices of grain seems to be a neceflary consequence : the present time, therefore, is the proper one to commence this buftnefs.— The transportation of grain coastwise to the Distilleries, and of the distilled spirits to the consumers, on all the navigable waters of the United States, will give employment to those velTels which may neceirarily relinquish the Frcnch Weft-India trade. It will not escape the. observation of those who meditate the eftabliftiment ot Breweries, that the present is a favorable moment for proceeding in that most beneficial branch. It is well known that brewing, and the distillation of spirits from grain, are two very profitable manufactures in Great-Britain ; altho the Brewers and Distillers there pay 50 per cent higher for grain, than the or dinary price of the fame article in this country. Holland also brews extensively, and in distillation from grain exceeds Great- JBritain ; vet fhc imports more gr;tin than (he manufactures, and more fuel than her Breweries and Distilleries consume. The difference of eleven cents per gallon (about 40 per cent, on j the value of the article) in favor ot spirits dmilled frorr\ native ma terials, when compared with imported spirits, gives an advantage 1 to the home manufacture, which will be duly animated by every ! judicious calculator :—there can be no doubt that this advantage will be always preserved, and probably increased, by the laws of the United States.* The strongest inducement to reasonable men, for the employ ment of their capital and talents in any undertaking, is the hope of permanent profit founded on fair calculation : this calculation she distillers are bed able to make—to them, therefore, the ideas herein suggested are submitted, with due respeCt, by Salem, Nov. 19, 1791. A CITIZEN. * Ambng. other inducements the National Government would have to *dopt this policy, it is demonjlrable, that the encouragement to the cuhure of grain that would be derived from the use of it in diflillation would prove the mofl effe&uaJ security againfl a scarcity of. bread. FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. ON POLITICAL CANDOR CANDOR is an amiable virtue—it exifls in ve ry well ordered minds only. It means con descension to the opinions of others ; it implies that we make proper allowances for the motives, and give due weight to the reasons of those on whom we pass our judgment. This virtue has been ftjrangely confounded with sincerity—so that when we fay a mill wants candor, he gets angry, and underltamls by it that he is called a liar. Whereas the faying of him that he is nncandid, implies that he does not allow their jnlt weight to the reasons and motives which govern another. This fault he may commit in the sincerity of his heart, and indeed in every controversy each is in a degree obliged to fix this charge upon the other. Of all difimfiions, those which concern politics are the most difficult to manage wit hour offending against candor, and yet they are the very cases in which it is molt amiable and ufeful to prat-life it. Men love their own opinions—they finceiely be lieve them to betrue, and that the errorof their opponents will be very pernicious. Every spa' k of their love for the truth, for the good of other men, and of felf love, concenters in the contro versy, till their zeal flames out, sometimes in an ger, fonietimes in enthusiasm—Accordingly we NOT E find ujeri more zealous about the affairs of the public than their own. You will find a man cool and condescending in affairs that concern h'imfelf, He ii ready to make facrifices, and is forward to make them, to convince you that he is capable-os acting a manly part. Wt that man into public life, you will fee him (tubborn. He not only con tends for intereils that c .ill, bur he will not give up the possible chance of advantage. He works the fineft thietUl of his fancy into the Itrongeft rtulFs. HU theories, \Vlil 'h 110 other man would father, become truths and duties. Why then should men in public life judge of one another by their opinions? — 'Tis a Itandard which would keep theih ever at variance. Pri vate worth and good sense are the proper objedts of mutual esteem. After every debate, the zea lous partizans on both fides, as foot! as they have had time to cool, will find that they have rated their own opinions too hioh, and those of their adverfarics too low. As focn as they begin to grow warm, theyflionld therefore begin to make fui. ii allowances as they would wifli to have made for ihemfelves. PARI S, Odtober 7. THIS clay the king came to the aflembl.y, and, with as much cheerfulnefs as ever, deliver ed a SPEECH, so well calculated le reflore har mony, that it made a moil lively impreifion on their hearts. The acclamations were as loud and frequent as before, and the king was equal ly gratified by his reception. It was in evjry point the fame as 011 the 30th of September. The following are close tran flat ions of the speech es of the king and the prefulent. THE KING'S SPEECH " GENTLEMEN, " ASS EM BLED by vi rtue of the coijftitntion to cxercife the powers which it delegates to you, yon will undoubtedly c<»> fider ss among your firft duties, to facilitate the operations of go vernment ; to confirm public credit ; to add, il poflib'.e, to the security of the engagements of the nation ; to {hew that liberty and peace are compatible ; and finally, to attach the people to their laws, by convincing tliem tliofe laws are for their good. " Your experience of the effedts of the new order of things, in the several departments from which you come, will enable you to judge of what may be yet wanting to bring it to perfedli -011, and make it easy for you to devise the mod proper means of giving the neceflary force and acftiviry to the administration. " For my own part, called by theconltitution to examine, as firft representative of the people, and for their interef!:, the laws ppe'ented for my fandtion, and charged with causing them to be executed, il is my duty to propose to you fuel) objects as I think ought to be taken into consi deration in the courf'e of your feflion. " You will fee the propriety of fixing your im mediate attention on the finances, and you will fee the importance of establishing an equilibri um between the receipt and expenditure, of ac celerating the afieflment and collection of taxes, of introducing an invariable order into all parts of this vast administration, and thus providing at once for the support of the Hate, and the re lief of the people. «< The civil laws will also demand your care, which you will have to render conformable to the principles of the conftitutioiu You will also have to Amplify the mode of proceeding io courts of law, and render the attainment of juftite more easy and more prompt. " You will perceive the neceffitv of eftabhfli ins a system of national education, andofgiving a iolid basis to public credir. You will encou rage-commerce and industry, the progrets of which has so great an influence on agriculture and the wealth of the kingdom ; and you will endeavor to make permanent dispositions for af fording work and relief to the indigent. " 1 (hall make known my firm desire for the re-eftabljfliment of order and difcipiine in the armv : and I fliall neglect no means that mny contribute to restore confidence among all Who compose it, and to put it into a condition to fecuie the defence of the realm. If the laws in this re fuel are infufficient, I (hall make known to yon the measures that ieeni to me to be proper, and you will decide upon them. ;# «< 1 fiiall in the fame manner communicate my fentirr.ents refperting tlie navy, that important 269 fiflf [Whole No. 276.] part of tlie public force, dedined to protect trade and tlie colonies. " We lliall not, 1 hope, be troubled vrith 'any attack from abroad. ] have taken, from the mo ment 1 accepted the constitution, ami I ihall con tinue to lake, the (leps that appear to me (lie inaft proper to fix the opinion of foreign powers in our favor, to maintain with them the goadsi intelligence and harmony that ought to secure to us tjie continuance of peace, I expecft the belt, effects from them ; but this expectation doesnoc prevent me from pursuing, with activity, Hfiofe measures of precaution which prudence ought to diciate. [Loud plaudits of Vive le Fioi !] " Gentlemen, in order that your important labours and your zeal may produce the efFedtsex petfted from them, it is neceflary that constant harmony and unalterable confidence fiiouid reign between the Igifiative body and the king, [re newed applause and acclamations.] The ene mies of our repose are 'ouc too studious to disu nite 11s ; the love of our country mult therefore rally us, and the public interest render us inse parable. | warm applauses] Thus the public force will be exerted without obftrudtion, the ad ministration will not be harrafled by vain alarms, the property and the religion of every man will be equally protected, and 110 pretext -will be lefc for any person to live at adiftance from a coun try where the laws are in vigor, and men's rights refpedted. " It is on this greet bafifjfcf order-that t.he lia bility of the Constitution, the success of your la bors, the fafety of the empire, the fcgrcc of all kinds of prosperity mult is to this, we all ought to turn ourthaughts 111; this moment, with the utmost possible vigor ; and this is, the objet r t that I recommejM|the most to your patfiot [The mod teftimonreis'of applause were given to the king on thi* conclyfion.j M. spoke as follow#': "Sire, " Your presence in t lie rri id ft of usis a new en gagement, which you take towards the country. It is right that you fhoulcl forget the confounded, powers—A Constitution is cftablifiied, and with it the liberty of Frenchmen- You ought to che riill it as a citizen—as a King you ought to main tain and defend it. Instead of violating, it af cerraiirs your power—it has given as your friends, all those who formerly called themselves only your fubjetfts [here a buift of applaufe]—You have reason to be beloved by Frenchmen — You said so, fire, some days ago in this temple of the country, and we also have reason to love you [the plaudits were repeated ] The Constitution has made you the firft Monarch in the world. Your love for'it places your Majelly in the rank of the njoft favored Kings, and the welfare of the people will make you the moil happy. May our mutu al union make us speedily feel its happy influence —purify legislation, re-confirm public credit, o verthrow anarchy. Such is our duty—such are our wiflies—fuch are yours, Sire. Such are our hopes, and the benedictions of Frenchmen will be our reward." The kine went out in the fame manner that he enterjZj ainidil the most vehement acclama tions of vive le Roi, and be was accompanied by the fame deputation. On the motion of M. le Croix, the speeches of .he king and the president were ordered to be printed. October 19. The Municipality of Paris have coilie to a reso lution to teftify their gratitude to M. Ja Fayette for the services rendered by him to the Capital and llie Empire at large : ill. By striking a Medal in honor of this brave Citizen Soldier, Ltieemblems, &c. of which are to be Academy of Inscripti ons. ■ 2dly. By piefentin.g him with the flattie of his friend General Wafliington, executed by M. Houdon ; and 3 d Iy. By ordering this decree to be engraved on the pedeflal of the Bud of M. la Fayette, pre sented two years since by the States of Ameri ca to the City of Paris. GENOA, September j. On the third instant the noble Michael Ange lo Cambiaro, was ele«fted doge of this republic, \vi;h the ufoal formalities.
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