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PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEN NO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHII. A DELPH IA
[No. 55, of Vol. lII.] Saturday, November 5, 1791.
ANSWER of M. SYEYES,
ft Mr, Paine's Letter, and to fevcrai other publt
cations of a simitar nature..
(CONC LUDED.j
" T UNDERSTAND by a republic," fays Mr. Paine," a go-
X vcmnnnt founded upon the principles of thi Declaration ot
Rights." Ido not fee why this government Ihould not be a Mo-
"Principles," fays he, " with which many pans of the French
Conltiiulion are in contradiction." This is poflihle ; and it is
probable, that if it was proposed to form a republic, offences
might be committed against the Declaration of Rights. But who
do. s not fee that thele contradictions may be remedied without
an abolition of the monarchy ? Mr. Paine will permit me to tell
him a fccond time, that since I do not require him to fupportany
particular republican form, it is vight that he should allow me the
lame liberty with refpeft to monarchy.
I dcfne, that our difcullion, it it takes place, may not depart
from the spheres of theory. The truths winch we lhali establish
may descend too slowly, or too fuft, to be applicable to lacts.
.But I have already said enough to make it undcrllood, that at
present, I feel much more powerfully the instant nccellity ot el
ublifning the decreed Constitution, than that of reforming it.
" The Declaration of Rights of France and America aie onl)
one and the fame thing in principles, and nearly so in words."
So much the worse. I could wish that ours might be the bell,
and it would not be difficult to make it so.
" And this is the republicanism which I havr undertaken to
defend against what is called monarchy and aristocracy." A man
•who liycs in France, or any other part ot Europe, will allow, that
it we are to take the word? jepublic and monarchy only in th< ir
common acceptation, we shall be disgusted by the mere mention
otthem. Have I not an opportunity, it I was to follow the ex
ample givt 11 rre by Mr. Paine, to cast lome discredit upon thai
■which is called republicanilm and aristocracy ? Would a ieuati of
execution be less ai iftocratical, when ministers a&ingunder the li ce
and lrrcfjjonfible choice ot a monarch, whose evident and palpa
ble intereit * ould be always li.fcparable irom that ot the ma
jority ?
I have, perhaps, done wrong in making so eailv a discovery of
oy doubts as lo the excellence of ihe republican system. How
iar are ihofe from understanding me, who reproach me with not
adopting a republic, and believe, thai not to proceed so far, is
to Hop upon the road ! Neither the ideas nor the sentiments which
arc called republican, are unknown to me ; but in my design oi
advancing alway? towards the maximum ot locial liberty, 1 ought
to pass the republic, to leave it Ur behind, and to arrive at true
monarchy. If lamin an error, I declare, that it is neither for
want of tune nor attention ; tor my refearchcs and results pre
ceded the revolution.
I acknowledge, that, for a note, this is become very long;
but 1 was defirousot providing, that if our d J leu ill on look place,
it fliould not degenerate into a dispute of words. It will iciult,
I believe, from the perusal of the above, that men who are wil
ling io speak in precise terms, will not permit them (elves to fup
poieihat republicanilm is the opposite of monarchifm. The cor
icllative ot one is many. Our adverlarics are Polyarchifts—Poli
cies ; ihofe are their true titles. When they caii themselves re
publicans, it thou Id not be by oppohtion to monarchy : they
■are republicans because they aie lor the public intcrclt, and cer
tainly we are so too.
The public iuiereft, it is true, has been for a longtime facrificed
to private views; but has not this evil been common to all known
States, without regard to their leveral denominations? If, inifcead
ot adopting clcar notions, happily by etymology lifelf,
it >s deteinuued to perliti in a confufion of words which can be
ufeful to no poflible end, without doubt 1 (hall not obstinately
oppoie it. 1 will permit the word •• Republic" to be fynoin
rnous to *« Reprt-fentaiive Constitution but I declare, that after
having taken it in this fenle, I ihall feel a neceility of enquiring,
alter all, whether they Ihould wish that our republic (hould be
monarchic, or Poliarchic. Let us then, if we can, eltablith the
quUtion in thele terms—" In a good republic, is it better that
ine government fliould be monarchic, or Poliarchic (
1 tinilh this letter by a remark with which I ought to have be
>t. My letter inserted in the Moniteur of the 6th ot July, dot s
not announce, 41 that I have le sure to enter into the controversy
with the republican Policraics." My words are these— '* I shall
soon have time to attend to this question." Why soon ?
Because 1 am persuaded that the National Aflembly will, in a Ihoit
linae, put the la ft hand to their work, and that it is upou the very
point of being ftnilhed.
Until then, it i* impoflible for me to leave my daily occupations
to fill the Journah with any fort of difculfion. 1 may be told,
thai this qurition is the order of the day, but 1 do not perceive thai
it is. Belides, a friend of l'berty does not chufe to discuss qucf
tions ol right, under the empire of queltions ot taCL '1 tlis enqui
ry into pi inciples, and the publication them, has been already
so fufficirntly laborious, to a man lett to his individual pow rs,
thot he should not expose himfclf to the regret of having wilhcd
to speak reason, at a time when the mod decided determinations
deprive manv of the poflibilitv °1 attending to it, and leave only
the refplutiou ot (civing, in spite of him, the one or thr othi r
party. EM. SYEYES*
THE MAN OF HONOR
By Dr. Berkenhout
A Man cj honor, a gentleman (they arf fynonimous terms) is emi-
A nently dittingutihed from the rett of mankind by the uni
form unrestrained reflitude ot his condu£K Other are ho
fleft in fear of the punifhn rn»s which the law might inflict : they
**'e rrlij>iou» in expectation of bring rewarded, or in dread ot the
devil in the next world. A gentleman would be juit. if there * ere
*10 written laws, human or divine, except thole thpt are written
14 n his hrart bv the finger of his Creator. In every cl'.mate, under
fv ery fvftrm of religion, he is the fame. He kneels before the
•*nivprlal throne of God, in graiitudefor the blelfings he has re
ceivrd, and in humble folicitatiou for h's future protection. He
venerates the p'ety of good inen ot all religions. He disturbs not
the religion oh his country, bee»ufe the agitation of Ipeculative opi
nions prr-ducrs greater evils than tlie eirois -t is intended to re
nv" e. He rcttraius his paflions, because they cannot be indulged
v, tho»it injuring his neighbour or himfelf. He g ,ve s offence,
doe* not chufe to be offended. lie com rafts no debts
tohith Ik- .* uul ecrtain ibat he ca i difcliarge, becaule he is hont li
upon principle. He neve r utters a falfehoo^,becaufe it ta*-%h.\vard
ly, and infinitely beneath the dignity of a gentleman. He bribes
no man for his vote, because he will not make a villain. He mea
sures all oflences by the intention, but he relents with the fpint of
a gentleman every palpable insult; because, in the present humour
of the world, it is the onlv means of preserving good manners,
and of feenrina so himfcU that refpedl which, as a juil man and a
gentleman, he delVrves.
FROM A LONDON PAPER
AGRICULTURE.—LEICESTERSHIRE
TO (hew what a good name, and a good use of
it will do—Mr. Bakewell lets three Ranis this
season lor i hree Thousand Guineas !
A Society of Farmers, called the " Tupp
Club," offered him an annuity of 25001. per an
num, for five of his Fiams, which he refufed :
and apparently not unwisely, as he makes three
thuufand on three of them.
The excellence he boalts in his breed, is to
have the lealt given quantity of bone, with the
greatelt quantity of (lefli. He (hews carcases of
them with ten inches of fa: upon lhe ribs ; and
whiie they feed to this (ize, they do it 011 a very
finall proportion of food, when put in competiti
on with others.
Their heads and limbs are very small. They
have no horns, but a large quantity of wool,
vvhich is rather of a coarse kind.
Mr. Bakewell has been lately trying an expe
riment somewhat lingular. He has been rotting
some llieep purposely, for the fake of trying a
medicine, sent to him by the Odiham Agricul
ture Society, for the cure of that difoider.
Thus lie has made sure of the disease, what
ever he may do of the remedy.
E} improvements adopted by the Monmouth
(hire Agricultural Society, since the drawing up
of the firft plan, it appears, that premiums are to
be given for the encouragement of industry a
niong the lower orders, viz. to servants who have
lived the grfateft number of years in one place ;
to laborers who have reared the greatest number
of children without parochial affiltance ; or any
other description that may hereafter be proposed
as eligible objerts.
The Heighth of the principal Mountains in the luorld,
brought into one view, as taken jrt»n the Level oj
the Mediterranean end Sea Ocean.
The highefl: mountain which bounds the
Lake of Geneva is - 188
That of Neufchatel - - 214
From the valley of Chamonny J26
From the valley of the Green Mountain 877
The fumniic of the 13re*en - >387
The Capuchin's convent 011 Mount St. Go-
thard
The Platter of Mount Citi'u
The fuinmit above the PJatter
Tlie fnminit of Vesuvius
The fumniit of Mount yttna
The summit of Cauigou, the highest of the
Pyrenees
The highest pare of Snowden
The fuinmit of the 1 able of the Cape ol
Good Hope - " _ " 542
The fuinmit of the Tlcdc Raco in the liland
of Madeira k - - * 795
Summit of Teneritte - - , *94
Summit of Catapoxi in the province of Quito 3126
The highest part of the Cordilleras 3220
The above heighths were afrertained by Meflrs.
Condamine, De Luc, Needham, La Lance, and
Sauflure ; by whose meal'urements it appears,
thar all the mountains on this fide of the Atlan
tic Ocean arc* mere monticules, or mole hills,
when compared with those of thefonthern parts
of the globe; and perhaps there are, m un
known regions, mountains flill more lofty.
KINGSTON (Jamaica) Sept. 6.
Amongst the nianv philolophical and mechan
ical inventions which this speculative and expe
timental age daily produces, we are led to no
tice two new and curious ones, for which patents
have been obtained ns advenifed in the lalt Lon
don prints: The firli, Sympathetic Hinges and
Locks, for folding doors : it is peculiar to theft
hinges, that which ever door be opened, the
other receives precisely the fame motion, so that
both doors open and font e*a<ftly together ; and
ir is peculiar to these lofks, tha: the handle of
either door will open both ; this mvent.on,
though evidently cojitribming to domcitic con
217
T oifes
venience and elegance, is nirich exceeded 111 uti
lity, by the other, which is called a Thermonie
trical Kire Alarm, and poliefles the invaluable
property of giving immediate notice, to any re
quired diftan.ce, of the leall increase of hear
which mny happen in the premises in which it is
fixed. This early communication and alarm will
enable families to resort to the neceflary mea
sures to stop the progress of the flames ; or, in
the worit cafe, to provide for the fafety of their
persons and properties.
We every now and then liave accounts 111 the;
papers of the flotirifliing and prosperous state of
America, fincc lhe was ieparated from Great-Bri
tain, but we fee nothing of what Great-Britain
has gained by the reparation, and yet (he has
gained very considerably, and rather more than
America has to boast of—The million and a half
which America nfed to cost the mother country
annually, is entirely.laved, and all the hazard of
being again engaged in a war as her friend and
ally, is at an end. The 600, qoc tonnage of ship
ping usually employed in that trade, are now en
tirely Britiih bottoms—whereas before they were
nearly one half American. And the 600,000 tons
which it was fairly eltimated at in the time of
peace formerly, is now encreafed to above 800,000
tons ; and as to the trade with America, we have
jult as much as we can supply ; and tho' fomc
times the orders are not complied with, yet this
circumstance fbews that we have more of their
trade than we like, as we please ourselves in it,
and take just as much of it as we please.
Our loss by quitting the American colonies,
may really be said to be only a fort of feather of
sovereignty, which, for all the croaking of the
deceased Dr. Price and his parry, it may be doubt
ed whether, when every thing is considered, it
did England any good upon the whole.
[ jCT" To this may be added what Reynard
said when he could not reach the grapes—•>
" 1 jumf'd but for a frolic
CHARLESTON, (S. C.) Sept. 28.
The court of general felfions adjourned on Mon
day last, to the third Monday in January next,
after pronouncing judgment on the following
criminals :
James Welch, for killing a negro by undue
correction, in a fudilen heat of passion, to pay a
fine of fifty pounds sterling, or remain committed
until the lame be paid.
Thomas Douglas, horse dealing, (recommend
ed to mercy) to be hanged on Monday, the 3d
of October next, between 10 and 1 o'clock, a. m.
James M'Naille, littering forged bills of the
corporation of Charleston, to receive thirty lafii
es at the lower market, which was accordingly
inflicted on Monday lad.
1061
1000
1490
< BALTIMORE, Odober 28.
Extratt of a letter from George-Town, dated 0(1. 2fw
*' The public sale of lots in the Federal City,
ended on Wednesday evening ; but the private
sales Itill continue,and probably will all the week.
In the whole, there have been at least 1200 lots
fold.—The average of the public sales is some
thing upwards of 1001. for a lot of 40 feet front
and 130 or 140 deep. The sales made by indivi
duals, I fufpedl, were at a lower rate. Indeed
they have fold, in many parts of the city, and the
public sales were confined to that part which lies
between the President's square and George-Town,
which, it is imagined, will be firft improved, be
ing so convenient to the present feat of trade.
Tell your friend , that it is not yet too late
to make good speculations ; but that, if he means
to do any thin# to this purpose, he inuft not de
lay it too long."
300
1672
1441
5 76
P. O S T O N,
Yesterday failed from this port, with a fair
wind, the copper bottomed ship Margaret, Ja mks
Magee, Esq. Commander—bound on a voyage
to the North-Weft Coast of America. It is the
intention of this enterprising Navigator, to pr o
ceed much farther North, than any of his prede
cefl'ors have ever attempted.—May his determi
nation be crowned with that success, so hazard
ous an undertaking justly merits !
BENNINGTON, OJI. 24.
Thomas Chittenden, Esq. is elected governor
of this state for the year enfning.—And the hon.
Moses Robinson, and Stephen K. Bradley, Efq'rs,
Senators of the United States.
[Whole No. 265.]
Oiftober a;.