( —lB9 — ■ PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY M»v v f " ~ = / * FENNQ, No. 69, HiCH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHI!. ADELPHTA [No. 48, of Vol. lII.] FOR THE GAZETTE OF TIIE UNITED STATES. \ Extract of a litter front the Hon. Ezra L'Hom m E dieu to S.L. Mitchi LLj Efj • dated Suffolk court ty, September 12, I 791. " \\JE have fufFered equally with you by tlie VV severity of the drought. I have found out one manure which, notwithstanding the dry nefs of the season, has caused the land to pro duce wonderfully more than any other manure in a wer season. You will he anxious 'o know what it is- I'll tell you.—'Tis Fifli.—The fame they call Mosjbuncurs in New-York. We call them Mtnhadcn. Some call them Shad. A very ■Jong fifli, but fat. " 1 have not time to give you the particulars, but as there are millions of these fifhes around Long-Jfljnd, 1 have thoughts of making it one fubje<ft of communication to the Agricultural So titty." Extratt of another letter from SiMEot Dr. Witt, Esq. Surgeon-General of the State of New-York, to Mr. Sam. L. Mitch ill, dated Albany, May 8, 1791. " I AM very much pleased with your idea of keeping a Calendarium Flora;, in addition to llie common Meteorological obfei vntions. It will at lead enable us to make the neceflary allowances for difference of climate, when in practical agri culture we wish to improve from experiments made in different places. For the want of this knowledge for instance, we are in this place in I'ome measure at a loss in following the practice of Pennsylvania ; and much more so, that which is given tis in books written for the several parts of Europe. But before this can be done to ad vantage, a plan must be formed for making cor respondent observations, not only in ths State, but it Jhould extend at leajl, throughout the Union. For this purpose, I would choose those vegetables in the tirlt place, vvnich bitd or blollom earlielt in the Spring, and which are universally to be found throughout the States. I have thought of the Anemone, the species I believe is thaliclroides, a plant very common throughout this Stare,grow ing chiefly in the woods, and one of the fir ft which makes its appearance. The Dandelion may be another, its flowers coming out early. The Mefpilus Nivea, (so called in Barnaul's Arbuftrum Americanum) the excellent or vjild-fervice tree, is very common in this State at least, and one of the earlielt blofl'omers we fee in the woods : the banks of the Hudson from hence to New- York, are now white with them ; with us they are in much greater plenty than the Cornus Flo rida, or Dog-wood ; this, 1 think, would be ano ther proper vegetable to place particular depen dence upon ; —befides which, there ought to be remarks made on exotics, particularly fruit-trees. By carrying into effet f t a plan like this, it is pro bable foinething new, and more ufeful than has been usually done by Agricultural Societies might be flruck out, and an endeavour made to obtain the co operation of the Societies of that description in the o ther States." [Gardeners ami Farmers will undpubredly be benefited by attention to the above remarks, for instead of regulating their planting and sowing by the day of the mouth found in the Almanacks, they will be guided by the unerring phenomena ot the fealon itfelf ; 'tis well known that the ve getation of Spring is in some years fix or eight weeks more backward than in others, whereby the husbandmen who go to work by the day of the month, rather than by the (late of the wea 'her, commit egregious mistakes. How much better is it for inltance, to fi>Tv fax -when Peach trees are in blojfom, than to flick to the old method of putting the feed into the ground 6>i the firjl of April, he the feafoti as it may. How much more intelli gible to strangers and foreigners, to read in the atfts of Agricultural Societies, that Cabbage-plants Jhould be fct far ivi/iter eating, when cherries turn read, rather thar. on the twenty-sixth day cf June ! &c. A register made on Mr. De Witt's plan, voold be Co advantageous, that it is earnellly to be desired !he several Agricultural Societies on the continent may adopt it."] / The capital town of Cape-Fraacoi', which by the late accounts was in imminent danger of de rtrudtion, is large, elegant, and very opulent. It is (aid to contain upwards of 6000 lionfes, and between ;o and'6o,ooo inhabitants, three quar ters of which are Negroes—a circumftr'nce high ly unfavorablein the jjrefent conjuncture. is Wednesday, October 12, 179.1. No. Til. '"T'HE Bank of the United States will be one of the ellential ami oioft powerful springs in this great republic, being; conllitoted with great discernment to anl'wer rite many beneficial pur poses intended. It may justly be quefHoned. whether there is a bank in any country so well calculated to promote the inrereitof the commu nity. It will increase the revenue, and facilitate the collection of it ; it will throw into circula tion from time to time as much money as the neceflary trade and buiioefs of the people may require ; by these meat's it will be the general regulation of money, and while ir moves a thou land wheels of indtittry i: will check any excess in the circulating medium. The wisdom of go vernment, will aid the body of DireiSors, in the wife management of this great source of national and individual wealth. As one fifth of the bank is owned by the public, it will constantly engage the moll discerning eye of government; and as twenty-five Directors are annually to be eletfled by the llockholdei s, to watch over and preserve its bell interefl, no inilitution can be better guarded or have a clearer profpetfl: of exrenfive ufefolnefs. During its prugrefs while the in ilitution was forming, every possible circuinftane unfavorable was suggested, which learned in genuity could invent j but the more it has been considered the more it has been admired. As the Stockholders will soon meet for the choice of Directors, the time draws near for the com mencement of its operations. It being highly intereiling to thegovernment, and to the people in general, in particular the Stockholders, to have the bank commence its loans as soon as pos sible, the wisdom and energy of the Directors, will make every effort i'or this purpose. And as the business of banks is now so well underllood, and this great national objedl has been folong in contemplation, we may suppose the Directors will commence its operations early in December. Congress will commence their next felfion with a profpe<ft so grateful and under circuin- Uauces so animating, they may proceed with fa cility and pleasure to complete the bulinefs of thie Union. The President, and the Congress, may jnlHy be considered as the molt fortunate and iuccefsful legislators and rulers that ever go verned a nation. May the glorious work ttill prosper in their hands, and the world be illumi nated by their wisdom. A TRAVELLER. No. IV. IT is of infinite importance to the welfare of the Americans, that their exports heal ways at lealt equal to their imports—On this balance will for ever depend innumerable advantages. To this capital point the government will attend with all its wisdom : For so long as the balance is in fa vor of the country, (considering its natural fnpe riority, and valt agriculture) it nmfl flourifh far beyond all former experience. The increaling emigrations from Europe may aid the balance of money ; but the exports and the imports are the sure criterion to determine how the balance falls. It is neceflary to the landed interest, and to the manufactures, that the rateof interest for money should be low, and this can never happen until the funded debts are fold as high as they are 111 England. So long as four per cent, can be re ceived for money in the public funds, individuals will nor easily obtain loans under fix per cent.— which is tnuch more than the profits of land or manufactures will allow. Therefore the govern ment, and all men of patriotism and influence, must unite their constant exertions to raise the value of the funds, as the only means to lower the rate of interell. This circumstance seems not to have been attended to in time part, and the state of the finances did not permit a proper re gulation ; but the revenue is now amply fufficient to raise the credit of this country immediately to fhat of England ; and as the general profperiry •To eminently depends upon it, the utmofl energy of government will undoubtedly be directed to this g r eat object. It is well known that mere fuperfluities colt this country a great sum ; if by the wisdom of government, and the aiding ex ample of the rulers, and the rich, the importa tion of these fuperfluities might be discouraged, a large balance of money would annually be left to carry on manufactures, and hasten the reduc FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL. PUBLIC HAPPINESS ' t~e , / s c st / ' ''/ / - // &*1 cPUHSo [Whole No. 256.] tion ofintereft and the extinction of the public debt. This mighty concern ihould engage the laboured attention of all the people—every one can do fomethingin this important matter to serve His country, and his exertions will be rewarded by the savings he may hereby make in liis own person and family. It is certainly pradticabls, and the patriots of America Ihould never leave ihe fubjetft until it fliall be fully accomplished. Let their enlightened writers pursue it. AN [English] ILLUSTRATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN. THE doctrine of the Rights of Man in reduces itfelf to this—" I am a man, consequent ly 1 am free ; no man is, or can bemy superior ; this world was created for me, and not being accountable to any one for my anions, I will do what 1 please : Having neither fortune nor in dulhy, I address myfelf to the firft rich man that 1 meet, and demand the half of his property : — He has the temerity 10 refute me—l present the decree of the National Aflembly with one hand, and a piflol with the other—demonllrateto him, most clearly, that the Legislature whom he fup ]>orts, and whom he is bound by oath to obey, has decided, that the nobility and gentry have no longer any patrimony ; that the rights they poflefled, by inheritance or purchase, are tranf terred to the nation oi which 1 form a part, and that 1 claim nothing but what is absolutely and justly my due :—Having no lodging, 1 fix myfelf in the fir ft convenient mansion thail'uits me, and if my neighbour has a pretty wife or daughter, I will po(lefs myfelf of one or the other, or both, il 1 like it. 1 here is nothing more reasonable, according to these new discovered Rights of Man. Such is the practice, and such the strange inter pretation that has been given to the doctrines, lately ©cached in France, of the lights I Such is ths abominable perversion !—Such the a bilfes that have already been committed, under the pretext of equality ;—and Heaven alone can tell where the miieries already commenced will terminate." NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF FRANCE. The proceedings of Thursday and Friday, August , and , hav mg been limited to matters of but little importance we (hall come at once to THE FRENCH CONSTITUTION. Such is the title of the Report wh ch M Thou ret prefentcd o» Fr'dav trom 11, Committees of Constitution and Revision with the following short address : ' W " h " LAST. night was the anmverfary of the memorable 4th of August, 11, which the Rcprclentatives of the French nation laid the foundations of the Conflitution. Theday following,of which this is the anniverlary, was confrcrate.l to digesting those pre cious foundations ; and at this epoch it is, that after two years lal bour, we prcfent to you the conftiiutional Act." The report was read and applauded ; and on the motion of M la Fayette, the Committee ol Constitution was ordeicd to pre' parea plan for prefeniing the Conftnmional Ast to the nioft i n l dependent examination and Iree acceptation bv the K'n« After the preamble, and <7 articles o! the Declaration of the Rights of a man aud a citizi n, it proceed* ; The National Aircmbly, meaning to cftablifh the French Con. dilution on the principles recognised and declared above abolish es irrevocably the institutions that injure liberty and equality of 1 here is no longer Nobility, or Peerage or diflinflion of orders or feudal system.or patrimonial jurifdiftions, or any of the titles denominations, and prerogatives derived from them, or any orl ders of chivalry, corporations, or decorations, lor which proofs of nobility arc required, or any other luperiority, but that of public officers in the exercise of tlieir funftioos. No public office is any longer saleable or hereditary. There is no longer, for any part of the nation, or for any in. d,vidua], any privilege or exception to the common rights of all Frenchmen. There i, no longer wardenfhip, or corporations of profeflions, art*, and crafts. The hw no longer recognises religious vow«, or any other en gagement contrary to natural rights or to the ConftitutioD. HEAD I. Fundamental Difpofiticns guaranteed by thiCanJlilution. The Constitution guarantees, as natural and civil rights, I. That all citizens arc admifliblc to places and employment* without any dillinftion, but thamf ability and virtue. 11. That all contributions (hall be divided equally among all the citizens, in proportion to their mean?. 111. That the farrte crimes diall be fubjeft to the fame puniflj mems, wi'hout any diftiriftion of pcrfons. The Conllttution in like manner guarantees, at natural and civil rights, Liberty to ail men of going, flaying or departing without be ing arnfted, acciifcd, or detained, except in cafe, determined by the law, and according to the forms prefenbed by it. Liberty to all men of fpcaking, writing, and printing their thoughts, and of cxcrcifing the teligioua worfh.p to which they are attached. ' Liberty to ail citizens of aiTembling peaceably, and without arm*,c mplving wn h the laws of Police. Liberty of addrcfling to a!t couftitiKcd authorities petitions in dividually Gjaed. A TRAVELLER.
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