PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHII.ADEI.PHIA [No. 30, of Vol. lII.] FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. MR. FENNO, A" Friend to Justice" has thought proper to come forward in your Gazette of the 30th ulc. in a publication which it is well for hini is not very long. The ignorance and pivfumpiion which it displays, had otherwise precluded it ad mission into your paper. He appears to think that the people of Ame rica will " read and judge" for tlitmfelves. in this he is right. As one of the people, 1 read and judge for myfelf; and I ihall make 110 ft ruple to declare, that when I read this author's piece, 1 judged it to be the produtftion of some petty fcrib bier (fiich as he characterizes Publicola's oppo nents, of which, for aught I know, he may be out' who comes forward in ilie papers " merely io bring himfelf into notice." Let the good people of America pay no attention therefore to a per formance written with fncli contemptible views. The author's vanity is fufiiciently gratified by feeing his piece in print; and his end in writing it is accoinplillied. He did not write from prin ciple, as an honest man and patriot would do, nor did he care how he bewildered his count) v men, by his rash and afle: lions 0:1 10 important a fubjedt. U The " Friend to to fay, that the Vice-President is not the author of the pieces fubferibed " Publicola." This may be true ; but 1 believe the " Friend to Justice" knows no more whether the Vice-President wrote them, than the people of Greenland do—notwirhltanding om author has the " best authority" for what he fays. The dignity of truth has often been vio lated, by those who had the " best authority" for doing i:. ■ Our bold author -mill also venture to assert, thai " there is not a sentiment in the writings of Pub- licola which can juftify the charges of aristo cracy made against him, or in ihe smallest de gree infringe the liberties of the people." This aflertion ueed only be pointed out, that lis falfe liood may be exposed and reprobated. The writ ing' of " Publicola" are " ariftoci atical" in the "■highest degree, and would be extremely dniige rous, did not " the good sense of the people of this country enable them to judge" and discern their pernicious tendency. Very likciy the " Friend to Justice" may have only funply erreJ here ; for I do not believe that he knows what the term " aristocracy" meatH. " Publicola" is likely to meet.with his deserts ; nor can the feeble " Friend to Jultice" rescue him from the •' stings" which evil acftions leave behind them. Let me amicably part with the " Friend to Justice," and advise him never more to take up iiis pen, until he underflands his fubjc<st—never ■wantonly to write for his own arauftment, but al ways to write on the fide of truth, and with a view to benefit his country. By pursuing this condnrt, he will gain the approbation of the public—he will gain what is infinitely more de licious an enjoyment, the approbation of his own heart—and, inltead of the flriifiures, he will gain the approbation of A Friend'to Truth. (A vievi of the number of Inhabitants, and ccnfumpti on of Provifianiyin London, from a late calculation. r T > HERE are in and near the city of London, JL one hundred alms-hoiifes, twenty hospitals and infirmaries, three colleges, ten public pri sons, fifteen flefh markets, one ditto for live cat tle, two for herbs, and twenty-three for corn, coals, hay, &c. fifteen inns of court, twenty-se ven public squares, forty-nine halls for compa nies, eight public or free schools, 131 charity ditto, which provide education for 5054 poor children, 207 inns, 447 taverns,ssl cofFee-houfes 5975 ale houses, 1000 liackney-coaches, 400 hack ney-chairs, 7000 ttreets, lanes, courts, and alleys, and i;o,ooo dwelling houses, containing one million of inhabitants. P.lack cattie, Sheep and lambs, Calves, ... i j FroviJ.ons confurned annually Swine, Pigs, - _ - Poultry and wild fawl innumerable Mackarels fold at Billinfgate, 14,740,000 Qyllers, bulhels, - . 105,530 Small boats, with cod, haddock, wbit- 0 ings, befidej great quantities of ri ▼er and faltfilh, * • r > Wednesday, August io, 1791. MR. HOWELL, A WRI I'ER in one of the New-York papers, under tlie signature of PHILODEMOS, who has undertaken to aufwcr some of the fentimenis advanced by Mr. Adams, in his " Dtfcnce of the Im. rican Cohji'Uutions," in his jd number, intro duces a quotation from the xxxi letter of the firft volume with tliefe words—" The main drift of '' Mr. Adams's book, is to ihew us the utility " and necelfity of different orders of men, and " an equilibrium of powers and privileges." Sooti after follows another to the fame effect from the Bth page of the preface. With certain . eftri<llions, no perlon, who ever attentively ead ihe writings of that gentleman, could pre sume to dispute the truth of this aflertion. — Ihe rxpieff: m " orders of men," as applied by Mr. Adams to this country, i presume was never in tended to convey the idea of a superior race of iiiei>, or dill ; 4 t species of beings ; neither can it mean an i. vech ary order. There undoubt edly a-e in America, as in every other country under Heaver , different dalles, ranks, degrees or arde< s of men, and things ; yet there is no physical ne effity, that any of them Ihould be h editary Oi .• instance alone has ever been aflfo ded by this country of an hereditary order of i en. This difHniftion now no longer exists. —It is rsboliftied, without leaving a single exam ple ro pi ove that it ever had a being. Mr. A dams evidently inculcates " the utility and ne " celii v of different orders of men, and an e " quilibrium of powers and privileges," in op pofrion to tiie sentiments of Mr. Turgot, in his ler f er to Dr. Price, where he observes that " he " is nor fatisfied with the Constitutions which " have hitherto been formed for the different " Stares of America. By most of them, the cuf " roms of England are imitated without any " particular motive. Instead of colledling all " authority into one centre, that of the nation, " they have eflablifhed different bodies ; a bo dy of Repi efenratives, a Council, and a. Go " vernor ; because there is in England, a House " of Commons, a House of Lords, and a King. " They endeavour to balance these different " powers, as if this equilibrium, which, in En " be a necellary check to the enor " fluence of Royalty, could be of any " ufein' Republicks, founded upon the eqnali " ty of all rhe citizens, and as it establishing " different orders of men, was not a source of " divisions and disputes." Had the people of America, in coniplaifance ro this opinion, at orice determined utterly to a bolish the forms of governtment, which then ex iited, colleifted all authority into one centre, A NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ; their motives and principles might have been much more conform able to those of Mr. Turgot, but how much less advantageous to themselves, every one will de cide, as shall prove belt adapted to their inter efls. Happy for that gentleman, it pleased GOD to take him from this world, before he had an npportunity of experiencing the pernicious con fcqoences of his fyftein upon his own country. But what is the fignification of different orders of men, as used by Mr. Turgot ! It evidently means no more, than separate bodies, or diflinct blanches of government. —And in no other sense is it used by Mr. Adams, when applied to this country Our National Government consists of those " three orders, and an effectual balance between them," which are considered indispensable in every American Conllitution. Our national Se nate, appointed by the State Legislatures, is a diflindl order from the Honfe ofßeprefer.tatives, appointed, or chosen by the people. The Se nate may befaid to represent, lleprefentatives of the people ; the House are the immediate Re prefentaiives. The President of the United States is a dilUnct order front the Senate, equal ly with the King of England from the Houle of Lords. These orders differ eflemially in one ve ry important point, that of hereditary descent. — but surely there is nor a single advantage, power, or privilege, of any kind, withheld from either order in our government, merely because they cannot descend. 74 194,760 186,9 -l 2 52,120 The Governor, Council, Senate and House of Representatives in this State, are each, of them different orders of men, wliofe authority is dele gated to them for one year. Upon the cxpirati- iM.n 117 FROM THE ARGUS. t^lypO [Whole No. 258.] on of their terms, the orders are extinil. When a new election takes place, the ordcts revive, though, perhaps, not in rhe fame persons with which they expired. To render it (till more e vident that Mr. Adatns had no idea of a diflinCt order of men, as such ; I shall take the liberty to use his own words in the firft volume of his De fence, letter xxiii. " In every country we have found a variety " of orders, with very great diflincftions. In " America, there are different orders of offices, " but none ofmen ; out of office, all men are of the fame species, and of one blood, there is " neither a greater, nor a lefler nobility—Why " then accnfed of establishing different orders " of men ?" From this paflage, it is evident, that an order of nobility, nor any kind of here* ditary diftimtion was ever intended. Words of inheritance, are by no means neceilary quali fications in the character of an order or office ; on the contrary, the mnjl worthy, fliould he terms of conveyance, and election the method of invef titnre, or induction. A sentiment, or expression, was scarcely ever committed to paper, that did not contain some word, admitting different nulli fications, and variety of conftrudtions ; —perhaps no example will better illullrate this truth, than the word—ORDER. It is worthy of obfervati»n, that a majority of the writers in newspapers tlioughout the nent, addsefs themselves to the readers of newspapers, rather than readers of books { sup posing that the generality of people will impli citly confide in their aflertion's, without consult ing originals —This method is undoubtedly fa vorable to their produ&ions ; for to inen-of reading, and real information, both the writings and their authors are equal objects of pity and commiseration. The whole system of these writ ers, appears limilar to that of a merchant, at tempting to dispose of adulterated liquors, by giving them a luperior recommendation to thole which are pure 1 wifha more salutary sys tem to be heard in oppofition.—lrs brevity will probably be the best recommendation. If health of body, and tranquility of mind be objetfts wor thy of confederation ; my advice, as a Fhyfician and Divine, would be this :—Never attempt to allay thirst at an impure stream, when the wa ters of the fountain are so much more pleafanr, wholefomeand palatable, and so easily obtained. —If this prescription does not answer the pur pose for which it is intended, well may we ex claim— 0 hominum mtntcs !—0 ptfiora ctcca ! DESCRIPTION ofa MACHINE For rcftoiing Respiration to Pcrfons Drowned, orotherwifj Suffocated. [Inverted by M. Roland, Profejfor of Natural Philosophy at the Univer- Jtty of Pari«.] LET there be made a double bellows, the middle board being common to both. In the centre of each external board, or back, pierce a round holt for the inlertion of a valve. The extre mity or point of this double bellows must be cemented into a cop per box, including two valves, which communicate with the irv fide of the bellows. The cover of this copper box, which screws on with an intei mediate piece of leather, is shaped like a funnel, to the pipe of which is joined a flexible tube, made of spiral wire covered with a gummed taffaty, with an ivory pipe at the end, to be infeited into the nostril. If you rather choose to introduce it into the mouth, the ivory pipe may be flattened a little. Each of theie (our valves consists of a copper neck, closed at one end by a piece of gummy taffaty, larger than the bore of the neck, and hinged by a strong silken thread, wound round the neck, so that the valve opens when you blow into the tube. These valves fit into other copper tubes fixed into the bellows; but so disposed, that the two external, and the two internal valves may open, the one inward, the other outward, so as to work alternately. The two valves within the box commun cate with the bellows through one common tube. Having fixed the ivory pipe of the flexible tube in thenofiril of the fubjeft, you gently open the bellows, by which operation the bad air in the lungs will be drawn out into one half of the bellows, and the other filled with atmospheric air. You then dose the bellows, the atmospheric air will thus be for cer] into the lungs, and that air, which was drawn out of the will tfcape. By thus continuing the operation, you will oblii;® he lungs to perform the a6t of inspiration arid expiration, and ;radually induce the organ to refumc its function, if the fubjeft be ot absolutely dead. The opetator mull be very careful not to rocced with too much preclpiiation. If vou choose to anpl* ilogifticaied aii mflcad of atmospheric, it is <afy to perform i communication with one of the external valves, from a bladder, iecuted by a coek, containing that air. ESP 1 RECIPE FOR INFLAMED SORE EYES. WHITE Vitriol, ont dram, acid elixir of vitriol, twenty drops, and boiling water,one pir.i : Put the white vitriol into the w?- Ur. and when near coldyad ; the drops, and after add one Jarga ;.jl,le Ipoonful of brandy, or very good old rum. Jf the above i* found tpft strong, Weaken each quantity dinwn off for use, with mote rose water.—Great benrfit has been experienced by ib- •. n fevera) iccert iiil.>!i£C!. NEW LIGHT.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers