PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN ; ,AA,'. No. 69, IUGH.STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA [No. 12, of Vol. lII.] TRANSLATED For the GAZETTE vj the UNITED STATES. A DISCOURSE OF STEPHEN BOEJ'IUS, Concerning voluntary Servitude : Or the Anti-One. (luntinuedjr'um A'o. 8 vf this Gazette.) T? U 1 if, by accident, there fliould be born at -A—' this day a nation wholly new, not acctiltom ed to Fubjeciion, nor habituated to the delicacies tit liberty, and it they were ignorant of both, and scarcely knew their nanu s : if you present ed to them the offer, eitlier to be lubjcCt, or to live in liberty,to Which would they devote tliein lelves ? We ought not to make any difficulty, in believing that they would love better to obey leafon only, than to serve any man : at ieatt e very people would make this choice, except the Israelites, who without constraint, and without any neceliiry made themselves a tyrant : of which people I never read the history, without ieeling such a resentment as to become almost inhuman, and rejoice in all the calamities that befel them. But certainly all men, who have in them any thing of the leal character of men, before they fuffer themselves to be fubje«sied, they must be either confirained or deceived : conllrained by the arms of it rangers, as Sparta and Athens, by the forces of Alexander ; or by tactions, as tlie domination of Athens had once before come into the hands of Pilillratus. By fraud they frequently lose their libertv : and in this, they are not so often seduced by another as iliey arc deceived by themselves. Thus the people of Syracuse, the matter city ol" Sicily, which is called at this day Saragofia, beingprefl ed by wars, inconsiderately adopting no order, but againit danger elevated Dionyfius the firit, and gave him the charge and command of the army .- and took no precautions, till they had made him so great, that this brave fellow, re turning victorious, as if he had not conquered his enemies, but his fellow citizens, made him lell of a captain a king, and of a king a tyrant. It is not credible, how the people as f'oon as they are InbjeOted, fall suddenly into so profound an oblivion of t heir franchifes, that it is not poliible they should awake to reoain them : Serving so frankly and lb voluntarily, that one would fay, at the figlu of them, that they had loft not their liberty, but their servitude. It is true, that in the beginning they serve by conftraint,and over come by force : but those who come after, hav ing never teen liberty, and knowing not what it is, serve without regret, and perform with a good will what their predecefiors did by con itraint. It is thus, that men born under the yoke, and afterwards houi iflied and elevated in servitude; without looking forward, contenting themlelvesto live as they are born, and not Thinking that they have other rights, nor other property, than such as they have found, they mittake for their nature, the Itate of their birth. \et there is no heir so prodigal and careless, as not to edit his eye sometimes upon his parch ments, to fee whether he enjoys all the rights of his lucceilion, or whether any one has trel'pafled or intruded on him or his predecellor. Certain ly custom, which has in all things a great power over us, lias in nothing so great a virtue as in this, to teach us to serve : and, (as they fay of Mithridates, who familiarized himfelf to drink ing poison) to teach us to swallow and not to find bitter the venom of servitude. It cannot be denied, that nature has a great power over us to draw us as (he will, ahd to make us properly be called well or ill born : but we mult confefs that fiie has less power over us than cullom : becaute the natural disposition, however good it is, is loll,if it is not cultivated : and nurture and education makes us always what it will, in fpigbt of bature. 1 lie feeds of good, which na ture has planted in us, are so slender and deli cate that they enduie not the smallest injury from a contrary education. They grow not with more east ih their natural fliapes than they are bastardized, transformed and brought to no thing, like the fruit frets, which have all some natural contexture, which they preserve well, if you lutler them to grow : but they yield them selves with equal ease, to bear a foreign fruit and not their own, as soon as you graft or ino culate them. The herbs have every one their peculiar properties, their natural Angularity : bur the frott, the season, the foil, or the hand of the gardiner, can either add or diminish much of their virtues. The plant which we have leen in one plare, we are fcarcelv able to know in another. Wednesday, June 8, 1791. FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. ELEGY 11. WHAT unknown Beauty so majestic moves ! Soft—let rne pais her, on her charms to gaze ; The look of lovelinels my heart improves, Dear to my foul is female virtue's face. Heavens! tis the woman of my hopeless love ! Tis (he ! tis (he ! the sovereign of my foul ! Time's unrelenting trials cannot prove Of force energic paffton to ccntroul. Bled be this hour of new-creating joy— Haftr—let me follow where her beauty leads ; Despair no more (hall happiness destroy— Delightful extacv my grief succeeds.— —Where will my trembling transports bear me on ! Realcn thy power is baniih'd from my breast.— Delusion's momentary reign is gone, Known but to break with agony my reft.— Such is the fortune of my wayward days, With Irantic woe, convulsive sorrow, fraught; With peace that, flattering, to despair betrays ; And all the keener pangs of torturing tho't. O I have strove, with carefulnefs, and pain, This hapless pailion from my foul io rend ; Have bent to study, sleepless toil'd for gain, And hail'd wild difiipation for my friend.— Rich inourfelvcs, with mutual fondnefs blefs'd, We could have lived, the envy of the age ; With equal love, carcflitig and carefs'd, Have smiled tegardlefsof affliction's rage, For wealth to me isjoylefs and despised, I ask not riches, as I love no; care; By me the smile ol competence is prized, It gives contentment if it cnarms my Fair. On us. what greater joy could gold bestow But that it gave us liberty and ease ; The power to heal the broken heart of woe, And human pleasure, human weal increase ? Then, while the look of cheertulnefj, and praise, The prayer of giatitude, thy footftjps blefs'd ; To fold thy beauties in a last embrace, And, life resigning, fink upon thy breast j Would be my earnest, and my only, prayer. But now remembrance, exquisite in grief, Fills all my anguifh'd besom with despair, And wrests from Mercy'i hand all kind relief. l 7S°' FROM THE CONNECTICUT COURANT. THE PROMPTER. When a man is going down hill, every one gives liim a kick. THIS, it is laid, is very natural ; that is, it is very common. There are two reasons for this—Firit, it is lnucheafier to kick a mail tlo-mn hill, than to push him up bill—Second, men love to fee every body at the bottom of the hill but then.selves. Different men have different ways of climbing into ranks and office. Some bold fellows take a run and mount at two or three flrides. Others of less vigor use more art—they creep slyly along upon their bellies, catching hold of the cliffs anc! twigs to pull thenifelves up—fonietiines they ineer a high rock arid are obliged to crawl round it—at other times they tatch hold of a promi nent cliff or a little twig, tvliith gives way and back they tumble, scratching their clothes and fonietiines their Ikin. However it is, very few will lift their neighbors—uiilels to get a lift themselves. Yet fonietiines one of these Crawl ers will lend a hand to their neighbouring Crawl ers—affetft to pull hard to raise them all a little, then getting upon their fliohlders, give a leap to an eminence, and leave them all in the lurch, or kick them over, 'i he moment one begins t > tumble, every one who is near hits him a kick. But 110 people get so many kicks as poor debt ors in failing circumltances. While a man is do ing very well, that is, while his credit is food, every one helps him—the moment lie is pj efled for money, however honest and able he maV be, he gets kicks from all quartets. His frier.ds and his reputation desert him with the less of his p'urfe, and he soon tumbles to the bottom of the hill. Tvjo minutes advice to some of bur read;rt Summer is the worst time for gorma/idizing. The jtomach is relaxed, and left capablc of per forming its neceflary functions. In this season the body is liable to ffveri from the natural warnnh, aiid is perparerf to receive the noxioiis infection which occafiiins fever by its being relaxed through heat. Every man to go to bed sober, and with as lit tle Cupper as poflible. This advice to be ftiick up in every tavern in I town—JJ the Landlord wif/ permit it. 45 C A R R y L. [Wnole No. 220."] FROM THE FEDERAL GAZETTE, Mr. Brown, T HEREWITH transmit you a very important A Decree of the National Aflembly of France mi the fiibjeci of Tobacco—it has a tendency to pro hibit the carriage of that article in American bottoms to France, and is therefore of serious consequence to our navigation and commerce our rulers will do well to have an eye on the ope rations of the European governments, which one after another seem to aim at clipping the wings of our rising trade in proportion as they endeavor to protect their own—the corifequences of these ineafures cannot but be felt in this coun try by and by, if not.timely noticed and prevented. Holland is about preventingthe importation of teas but by their own tart-India Company, in consequence of, it is thought, importations of that article from the United States to Amfter dnin—Spnin excludes our ships and people from all her colonies and lays heavy duties on our flour exported to them—France will {hut up her colo nies to us the moment her liarveit fhal 1 be copi ous enough to enable her again to supply them In Portugal our flour is prohibited and even our grain fold under many diladvantages and reftric- V° l,s — t ' le Mediterranean the Barbary cor sairs allow us no acctfs, and our flag is scarce seen in that sea—Should a pacification happejt between the Ruffians and Turks, the demand fpr our supplies of grain must be considerably re duced by abundant, and cheap supplies from .the Baltic.—But now for the Decree abovementioned, of which follows an accurate translation DECREE on the importation and exportation of 1 obacco, and out lie duties on the importation thereof. Article i. Th» importation of manufactured tobacco is prohibited throughout the kingdom, nor (hall it be imported in the leaf but in hag fheads through the ports and in the lhips here after mentioned. 2. Leaf tobacco shall be only imported by sea from the United States of America, the Spanilh colonies, Russia and the Levant—tliefe tobaccos mud be imported divert, that is, those fro in the United States in ships of the said States, or in French ships—those from the Spanilh colonies in Spanilh or French ships—those from the Ukraine in Ruffian or French (hips—those from the Levant in French ships only,—all importation ®f the said tobaccos in other bottoms is prohibited. 3. The importation of tobacco from the Uni ted States, the Spanish colonies, the Ukraine and the l evant, shall only take place at the ports following, to wit : Bayonne, Botiideaux,Roche fort, La Rochelle, Nantes, L'Orient, Moilaix, St. Maioes, Grandville, Honfleur, Cherburg, Rouen, Havre-de-Grace, Dieppe, St. Valery on the Somme, Boulogne, Calais, Dunkiik, Mar seilles, Toulon, Cette, Point-au de mer. 4. It is further permitted tin import foreign to bacco in the leaf and in good order whatever be the growth of it—through the custom houses oF Stralbourg, Valenciennes and Lille, paying du ties thereon of 25 livres per quintal. 5. The fame duty of 2J livres per quintal shall be paid on all tobaccos' imported in the ships of the United States, Spain or Russia. 6. A duty of only 18 livres 15 sols Jjer quintal shall be paid on tobaccos imported an French ships direcft from the United States, the Spanish colonies, Ruflia or the Levant. The Aflembly suspends the consideration of the importation of tobaccos from the colonies of France—by the above regulation a hogshead of tobacco imported in an American bottom into France pays about 12 dollars more duty than the fame hogshead would do in a French (hip the motion had a good deal of opposition in the As sembly, and some friends of America warmly in terposed, which occasioned one member wittily to observe—" thefegentlemen are so much Ame ricans that they forget they are Frenchmen"— the Decree was carried by a considerable ma jority. revolutional anecdote. THE PATRIOTIC BISHOP. A BISHOP 111 France, immediately on the publication of the decree which fupprefled titles of nobility, placdd a charity box in the nioft con fpiciious part of his hall, and obliged every one who called hitnlelf My Lord, to put a half crown in it.
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