PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND IHIRD S'IREE'IS, PHILADELPHIA, [No. 90, of Vol. ll.] Discourses on Davila. No. 25. (Continued from No. 88 oj this Gazette.) THE Queen, perfeflly informed of all these pioje&s, and wifil ing to prelerve, with all her power, her own liberty and that of her children, continued to play oft' her artifices, to ballance the power of the Grandees, and to prevent the a fee nd eric yof one par ty over the other, from drawing after it, the ruin of the State. Thus, that she might not be obliged to favor, one or the ether par ty, {he quitted Paris and retired to Fontainbleau. She thought, that in this refidencc, where (he was more at liberty, than *n Paris, they could not compel her to declare herfelf, and (he still studied tofupport her confidence, which Ihe had managed with both fac tions, whose Chiefs Hie amused by equivocal discourses, and am biguous promises. The Prince oi Conde, and Coligni, yielding to the superiority of the Catholic party, had quitted Paris to take arms. The Queen gave them secretly to understand, that flie was disposed to join them, as soon as {he Ihould fee them sup ported by torces fufficient to make head against their enemies. On the other hand, (he protested to the King of Navarre, the Constable and the Duke of Guise, that (he had no intention to fc- par«.ts herfelf from the Catholics, nor to consent to the new re form, any further than neceflity and the adviceof good men should oblige her, to grant to the Hugonots, a moderate liberty. H< r letters were not less ambiguous, than her words : and she did .tot explain herfelf more clearly abroad than at home. She gave continually new inftruftions to the ambassadors in foreign courts, and especially to Delile, who resided at Rome. Some- times she contrasted and at other times (he extended their pow- ers , and by these variations held all minds in fufpence. But this conti ( )£t began to be more delicate than ever. The Chiefs of the two parties, were not less politicians than herfelf : During the course of her regency they had found opportunities to unravel all her artifices, and penetrate all her disguises. The King advanced in age, and that circumstance was to them a neceflity to hasten the execution of their designs. His minority might give to certain measures a colour, which would no longer exist, when he would be of age when all ought to depend upon his will, to which they could no longer oppose themselves, without the guilt of rebellion : At theprefent moment they could pretend, that their opoofition -was only to a bad adminiflration, and the pernicious designs of those who governed under his authority. Already the Duke of Guise, more enterprising and more alive than the others, dire£fced, at his pleasure, the refdlutions of his party. He had drawn into his sentiments the Contlable and the King of Navarre, by persuading them, that if they would all re sort to court, they might bring ojf' the King and the Queen-Mother to the capital, and reduce them to the necessity of taking measures, and ifluing edi&s, as the Catholics should judge convenient to their interests, without exposing themfelvcs, any longer, to the danger of being anticipated, and without permitting their ene mies to seize on the King and avail themselves of his authority The Prince of Conde had formed the lame olefign: He had re tired at fivft to Meaux, and from thence to his estate, at la Ferte, where he intended to aflemble the main body of his forces. This resolution was the cffe£f of the advice of the Admiral, luggefled by the promises of the Queen, and by the projetts of the Catholics, which had not escaped his penetration—nothing being more'com mon in civil wars, than to difcovcr the deligns of an enemy either by the infidelity of forne in the fccret, or by the multitude ot spies who are employed. The chicfs of the Catholic party had I occasion only for their ordinary retinue to execute their design : the neighbourhood of Paris, which was wholly devoted to them, assured them of fufficient forces, and offered them favorable oppor tunities. On the contrary, the Prince of Conde, weaker than his enemies, and followed by lew troops, was obliged to wait for the Lords of his part), and the nobilit\ whom he had summoned from fcveral provinces, who alfembled but {lowly. Thus the Catholics "were before-hand, by appearing all well attended at the Court. Their unfoiefeen arrival d'fconcerted not the Queen. Although {he depended little on the success of her intrigues, she exerted hcr felf to persuade the King of Navarre to depart from Court, with the Princes and Lords who had accompanied him. 44 No man is 44 ignorant," said Ihe to him, " that the Catholic Lords would 44 take advantage of my weakness, and that of my son, to compel 44 us, to regulate the State, according to their inclinations, by go -41 verning at the will of their ambition and private interests. This *' eondufi, dire&ly opposite to the principles of honour and of 41 fidelity, of which they boast, is not less contrary to the tranquil -4* lity and the confeivation of the State, which they pretend to 44 have alone in view. 44 To iflue new edi£ls, and revoke thole 41 which have been published, is it not to put arms into the hands 44 of the Hugonots? These fettaries, already so audacious and so 44 ready to revolt, will complain aloud of injufticc, if we annul, 44 without reason, an edict prepared and accepted with the con -41 sent of both parties. During the minority of the King, we 44 ought to avoid war, and the troubles inseparable from it, to the 44 utmost of our care and power. To whom will the nation im -44 pute the disasters which will overwhelm it ? Will not an eter -14 nal infamy be the portion of those who have the principal (hare 44 in government ? It was to avoid these dangers, and to take 44 away all pretexts from the incendiaries, that I fubfcribec) to the 41 edi£l of January, and quitted the capital. The mod effettual 44 means of irritating the violence of an evil, which as yet is only 44 creeping on secretly, would be to carry us into a fufpefled city, 44 and repeal an edict already published. The King of Navarre, 44 and the Catholic Piinces, ought to remember, that it belongs 41 only to the flagitious, whose foitune is uncertain or desperate, 44 to excite civil wars. The Prince commands without contia -44 diclion. The Lords of his party, loaded with riches, digni -44 ties, employments and honours, enjoy the most flourifhing for -44 tune. Can they envy the people an imaginary and momentary 44 liberty ? Let them fuffer the King to arrive at his majority, with - 44 out feeing his kingdom diftra6ted with war. Forced by nccef -44 nty, I have onlv pardoned faults which I could not punilh— 44 nor have I grantedtothe Hugonots other liberty than that which 44 they had usurped. It s only by management that we can cure 44 the people of th-.s phrenzy, Let the Catholic Chiefs then arm 44 themselves with patience, for fear that, by rafti remedies, they 44 may envenom an evil which may draw after it fatal revolutions, 44 and the most melancholly events. If however you are resolved 44 to make any alteration in the edict, it ought only to be done by insensible degrees, and by the favor of suitable opportunities 44 To employ violent means, would be to fur nilh the seditious with pretexts, which they seek. with so much 44 ardour." Wednesday, March 9, I 79 1 * The Tablet. —No. 154. " To catch the living manners as they rife." IT is a circumstance much to be regretted, that there has yet appeared no complete publica tion, under the title of, a tour through the Utiited States. Perhaps no species of composition is bet- ter calculated both to amuse and inltrud:, than a relation of travels, written with candor and dif- The fadts communicated through cernment such a channel impress themselves much more strongly on the mind than those which are col lected through the medium of general history. In fliort, some of the accounts of modern travels, such as Moore's, Brydone's, Dupaty's, and fe- veral others, occupy that middle station between dry history, and gay romance, which unites the utility of the former, with the allurements of the latter. The scenery exhibited in travels may be brilliant and fafcinating, at the fame time, that it iscorreft and real. And it certainly must be of more importance to gain information of charac ters and incidents cotemporary with ourselves, than of those which exiited in periods, remote and diflimilar from our own. The preference of current memoirs over those which have long past, is alinoft as great, as true history is over fabulous. There have been published some partial me moirs,at one time and another, of travels through the United States ; but as far as I can recollect, they poflefl'ed more the spirit of criticifin than philosophy. It is immaterial whether the pre vailing opinions and manners, in this country, compare exactly with such as the traveller has been accustomed to notice in other countries.— It is not oil the score of companion, that our merit or our happiness is to be measured. The customs and manners which are most commenda ble, in many parts of Europe, would be highly improper, were they adopted by the people of the United States. The traveller, therefore, who cannot discern the aptitude of our manners and habits to our situation, fills his memoirs with sarcastic criticisms, which mislead the unwary reader, and stamp on his mind a thousand falle impreuions. There are two sources of delusion to which memoir-writers are exposed, and against which they fliould fortify themselves with the armour of philosophic candor and precision. One of the points to which I allude, is the liability of travel - lers to overlook those circumstances which assimi late with what they have been accustomed taob ferve, and to confine their remarks to obje&s which custom has not rendered familiar to them. By this detached mode of viewing occurrences, they exhibit only a few peculiarities in which one nation differs from another, while they are silent with refpedt tomany important particulars in which both nations have a resemblance. Thus it happens, we are led to imagine they are much more unlike than they really are. The other point about which a discussion pre vails, is the pronenefs of travellers to draw general conclusions from too small a number of particular cases. This is a source of mistake, from which even the most prudent and liberal man can hard ly exempt himfelf. Exceptions from general rules are so apt to be taken for the rules them selves, that it requires the closest observation to make the suitable diftindiions. Those inllances, which maybe deemed exceptions to general rules, are like some prominent part of an image, which allures attention to itfelf, to the negle<ftof those parts that are less conspicuously delineated. A Frenchman, who undertook to write memoirs of his travels through America, has given a fpeci men of a mistake such as I atn defining. He was entering the town of Boston, and observed a small wooden building, on rollers, in the middle of the street—upon enquiry, he was told that the building was put on those rollers to be re moved to a conlulerable distance from the place whence it was taken. Had he continued in Bos ton two years, he probably would not have seen another instance of the removal of any building in that manner; nor perhaps is there one build ing in fifty in that town that could be removed, without firft taking the materials to pieces. How ever, the Frenchman thought it a proper incident to form a page in his memoirs. He mentions it as a general circumstance, that the buildings in the town of Boston are made of such light ma terials, and eretfed upon such a model, that they can conveniently be removed from one part of 773 HUso [Whole No. 194-] tlie town to another. This error of the French, man is not more remarkable than frequently oc. curs with people travelling in the United States. Some incident takes place which fit ikes the view of the traveller, and he records it the cha raifteriftics of the people who are then under his notice. Being thus deluded, and being too in dolent to invelligate the real ftateof the matter, he imposes upon the reader an extraordinary instance, as something usually prevalent. Too much applause cannot be given to the dis cerning and liberal traveller, who justly describes the objects that come under his view, and makes the people of one country acquainted with the existing opinions and manners of another. The chains of superstition may be thus broken, and the clouds of prejudice dispersed. Mankind hate and persecute one another, only because they are ignorant of the true character of those who ex cite such hatred and perfecurion. Let the veil of error be removed—let true philosophers deve lope the history of countries—and men of all na tions will find, there is much more reafontolove and refpecfi each other than they have been tatight to imagine. HENRY KUHL, No. 143, North Second-Street. FROM an expectation that a mainal advantage would be derii. ved by the dealers in public fecuritics, and a person who (hould undertake to tranlarf such business on commifjion only, has concluded to offer himfelf for that purpose. Being; of opinion, that every requifue to convince them and others of his difmtercft ednefs ought to be attended to on his part, he has duly made oath before the Hon. the Chief Jullice of the State of Pcmifylvania, that he will faithfully execuie the trusts which may be reposed ill him. COPY OF THE OATH. " I Henry Kuhl, of the city of Philadelphia, flock broker, do swear, that I ail/ not he concerned either direfll) or indiredly, on my own ac count, in any purchases or files of the evidences of the debt of the United States or oj particular States, but will truly andfaithfully execuie such purchases andJales on commijfion only for those who may employ we: that is to fiv, until I fliall announce in one or more of the neiojpapers printed at the feat of the government of the United States, my deter mination to the contrary. HENRY KUHL." Sworn at Philadelphia, Febiuary 12th, 1791, before THOMAS M'KEAN." The commiflions he will charge for the pielent, are— On the specie amount of -all sums below SCOO nominal dollars, one half per cent, on do. from 5000 to 10,000 do. on* 1 tourth per cent, on do. Irom 10,000 and upwards do. one eighth percent. Accounts llated, and certificates funded at the Treasury or Loan-Office of the United States, on moderate terms. N. B. All orders for purchases or Jules to te in writing. Philadelphia, February 19, 1791. (85 t. f.) Virginia, Culpeper County, Jan. 1791 To be SOLD by the Subscriber, THE PLANTATION , where on he resides, laying on both fides the Carolina road, in the great fork of Rappahanock river, 36 miles from the town ol Dumfries, 30 from Fredericklburg, and 28 from Falmouth; in a .moll healthy part of ihe country ;—Confiding of 2,000 acres—half clear ed, and in good fence, well adapted for farming and grazing—the foilis good, lays well, abounding with many excellent springs and streams of water, so dispersed as to afford great opportunity of making watered meadow of the fird quality,perhaps more than 30s acres—of which 120, in one body, is already in grass, and all wa tered and drained at pleasure by a number of ditches, forthit pur pose, palling through the whole. Orchards of about 2000 bear ing apple trees—near as many peach trees, and a variety of mod other kinds of fruit, natural to the climate. A good dwelling house, the situation whereof is remarkably beautiful and pleasant ; and many other valuable improvements of divers kinds. And one other Plantation about 5 miles nearer said towns, con fiding of about 1500 acres, on which Is good merchant, grift, and saw mills, where nature, labour and art, have fully conspired to render them complete; a large condant dream, on which they dand, affords them water in great abundance ; convenient thereto is a kiln end house, for drying corn, a bake house, a dwelling house and several other improvements modly new ; about 300 acres of the lands are incultivation, very goodiri quality ; the oihcr part thin foil, but abounding with timber, is an inexhaultable source for the saw-mill. A'.fo fcveral detached trails within said county, of about 2,3, and 400 acreseach,and though not offo fertilea foil,their vicinity to the towns render them valuable, on some of them there aie small improvements, and the lands so situated, that they can easily be made convenient little farms. The whole or any part of the abovementioned pofleflions will be disposed very reasonable terms->—a small proportion in ready money, for the balance, the payments will be made entirely to accommodate the conveniency of the purchasers, who may be fupplicd on the fame terms, with all kinds of flock, work hor ses, oxen, See. Sec. Sec. by JOHN STRODE, [t. f.J IMPERIAL, HYSON, SOUCHONG, and BOHEA T E REFINED SUGARS, COFFEE, and SPICES, &c. Of the fiift Quality—by Retail, No. 17, Third-Street,between Chefnut and Market-Streets. N. B. in the New-York Lottery, which /'.< to be drawn the fir ft of April next, for sale. A S
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers