Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]) 1789-1793, November 03, 1790, Page 639, Image 1
tffhpwtmrP* PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEN SO, No. 69, MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREE IS, PHILADELPHI \ [No. 54, of Vol. ll.] PLAN OF THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES (A NATIONAL PAPER.) PublifHcd at the Seat of the National Government, Computing ARLY and authentic accounts of the Proceedings ofCohgreft -I_j »ts Lawj, Acts, and Rejolutions, communicated lo «»s to form an history of the tranla&'.ons ot the national goveinment. 11. Impartial Sketches oj the Debate* of Congrejs. 111. f-jfays| on the great subjects of Government', also upon the local and national rights ot the American citizens, as founded up on the national or state Conftirutions ; and upon every oihcr fub jeefc, which may appear suitable for newspaper difcuflion. IV A fries oj Paragraphs t calculated to catch the " living man ners as they rile," and to point the public attention to obje&s that have an important reference to domcftic, social and public happiness. V. The Interefis of the United States as conncfted with their literary Institutions ; religious and moral objetts ; improvements in Science, Arts, Education and Humanity; their foreign treaties, alliances, connexions, See. VI. Every species ot Intelligence which may afFect the commer cial, agricc'iural, manula£luriug, or political mtereifcs of the Ame rican nation. VII. A chain of Domeflic Occurrences. VIII. A f erics o\ foreign ay ticks of Intelligence. IX. The slate oj the Funds \ Lourfes of Exchange ; Prices Current. Published every Wednesday and Saturday. The price to fubferibers, (exclusive of postage) Three Dol lars per annum. The fir ft feini-annual payment to be made at the time of fub f-ribing : The 'econd at the end of the year. SUBSCRIPTIONS Will be received in all the capital towns upon the Continent ; also at No. 69, Market-Street, between Second and fhird Streets, Philadelphia. To the PUBLIC AT this important crisis, the ideas that fill the mind, are preg nant with events of the greatcft magnitude—to strengthen and complete the union of the .States—to extend and protect their commerce—to explore and arrange the national fundi —to restore and cftablifh the public credit—will require the energies of the patriots and sages of nui country —Hence the propriety of encreafing the me diums ojknowledge and information. AMERICA, from this period begins her national existence— 11 the world is all before her"—the wisdom and fol ly—the misery and prosperity of the empties, fates, and kingdoms, which have had their day npon the great theatre of time, and are now no more, suggest the most important mementos —tnefe, with the rapid series of events, in which our country has been involved, have taught the enlightened citizens of the United States, that free dom and government —liberty and laws, are inseparable. This conviction led to the adoption of the new constitution ; for however various the sentiments, refpe&ing the merits of this fyftcm, all good men are agreed in the necefliry of an efficient fe deral government. A paper, therefore, eftabliftied upon national, independent, and impartial principles—which lhall t3ke up thepremifed articles,upon a competent plan, it is presumed, will be highly intercfting, and meet with public approbation and patronage. The Editor of this publication is determined to leave no avenue of information unexplored :—He solicits the afliftance oi persons ofleifure and abilities—which, united with his own alliduity, he flatters himfelf will render the Gazette of the United States not unworthy general encouragement and is, with due refpeft, the public's humble servant, THE EDITOR. April 15, 1790. THIS publication commenced with the present government of the United States :—lts principal objects are comprised in the above plan ; they have been thus far attended to, according to the bed abilities of the Editor—and that they are deemed interesting, has been evinced by tire general approbation which the paper has receiv ed,and the exteniive circulation it has obtained : It ihall be the aim of the Editor to keep up the spirit of his plan—every communication condu cive to that point, will be gratefully received Freedom, Government, Union and Peace conilitute thehappinefs of every country —the United States in a particular manner, have all their present enjoyments, and future hopes, suspended on the preservation of these essential pillars of human feli city : In an ardent wifli to promote these great objedis, the " Gazette of the United States" ori ginated—to these it has been—and Ihall be sedu lously devoted ; and while it continues an impar tial vehicle to the public of governmental tran fa<ftions, and interesting information on the molt important fubjeJts of life, the Editor cannot fail ef public encouragement. Agreeable to the original design, the publics tion is now commenced in Philadelphia, the feat of g° ver nment for the United States.—The pa tronage of the citizens of this metropolis is here by solicited :—Thofe who may wifli to form a judgment of the work, are refpeiftfully informed that thefirft volume (from April 1789, to April 1790) maybe infpetfted at the house of the Editor, No. 69, Market-Street. The second volume commenced in April last : The Editor can supply the numbers complete from that period—which contain the laws of the second feffionof Cangrefs —and the debates and proceed ings of the house of Representatives, during four months of the feflion. CONDITIONS. Wednesday, November 5, 1790. Among the innumerable blelfings derived to the people of tlie United States from the present general government, there is none productive of happier effe&s than that spirit of universal citizenship which has in a great measure era dicated party and local dillintftions,and now forms a great national feature in the American charac ter. The Editor therefore, with confidence, takes his station in the capital of the United States, being fully persuaded, that in proportion to his merits, he will receive the patronage of the public. JOHN FENNO. FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. EXPERIMENTS 011 the SARAGHTOGA WA TERS. From a Communication to Stephen Van Wyck, Esq. By Samuel L. Mitchell, Esq. M. D. in Republ. r- I r t/ v Ebor. LXX i'in ; ire. ire. " 'T'HE temperature of the surrounding -I- atmosphere being ar the fifty eighth degree of Farenheit's scale, the heat of the up permost Spring was forty nine and an half de grees ; thatol the lower fifty-one and a half. Corrojive fublhuatc of Mercury when difl'olved in the water, underwent mo perceptible altera tion. As this substance was not decompounded, it is clear there was no Alkali present in the Spring, in its aerated (late. Aerated fixed vegetable Alkali rendered the wa ter turbid, and a white precipitate foonfell down in large quantity. A plain indication of earth didblved in the water. The kind and quality of this earth was striking ly shewn by the following experiments. I. Solu tion of Soap in Alkohol was quickly deconipofed. 2. Acid of Sugar very speedily threw down a co pious white precipitate. This last was exceed ingly beautiful, and proved the quantity of Lms to be remarkably abundant To determine whether the Vitriolic and Muri atic acids were contained in the water, the two ensuing experiments were made. i. A folvtion of Silver in the Nitrous Acid, became very white and niilk-like, inllantlyon being added. 2. An aqueous solution of acetated Lead, was precipitated immediately after mixture, in the form of a white powder. Whence it is presumable the water contains both Glauber's Salt and Sea-Salt, especi ally since much saline matter is afforded, by eva poration. Green Vitriol at firft diflolved readily, but af terwards onftanding, a yellowilh ochre was de posited Lunar Caustic, was instantly decomposed, white locculi rose plentifully to the top of the water, ind floated there, forming white striae as they palled upwards ; within a minute they loft their whiteness, in a considerable degree, became of an ash or dove-colour, and funk one after another to the bottom. The whole liquor then appeared turpid and somewhat purple. Lastly, the presence of Iron was proved by these two experiments. I. Phlogijlicated Alkali aflumed on mixture, a blue colour. 2. Saturat ed Tinflure of Galls in Alkohol, acquired fomewliat of a purple hue. The chalybeate impregnation is however weak, for the quantity of ferruginous matter is Anall, and contained in the upperinoft spring only. Froin which experiments, and from those for merly published on the fame fubjecft, it is evident the Saraghtoga waters contain as principal ingre dients : 1. acid. 2. Lime. 3. Sea-salt. 4. Glauber's Salt. 5. Iron. Much remains to be said on their medicinal qualities and effects ; but I shall Itop here for the present, with recommending to the curious,an at tentive perusal of Sir Forbcru Birgman's truly fcientific and elaborate Eflay on the Artalyft.f of Waters, whenever they visit mineral springs." MR. FEN NO, WE are sorry to learn that the Whtat hifift has not yet ceased to be troublesome. COll - damage has been done already to those crops which were sowed early ; insomuch that the farmers in some places have plowed up some oftheir Wheat-fields and sowed Rye. The liif cory of this animal is now so well understood, that it is in the power of Farmers to avoid much of its mifchief, by committing their feed to the ground as late in the season as it will poflibly bear. This willkfiep the infecft asyay until spring; 639 HESSIAN FLY Ukso and then if the land be rich and well manured, vegetation will proceed so fact with the advance of the warm season that the Wheat will outgrow it. 1 he-le are matters of great importance, and ought to be attended to by all friends to the agri cultural interest. It is much to be feared the Fly will never wholly leave our country, but remain a perpetual obstacle to the raising of Wheat.— But this idea, so far from discouraging, ought rather to incite us to lome extraordinary exertion to surmount the difficulty. One of our citizens,* we are informed, hasfentto some of the Natural iftsin Europe, specimens of the Heffian-FJy, that it may be certainly decided whether the species be new or not ; and whether like damage has ever happened in that part of the globe from a limilar cause. * Dr. Mitchell. As appears by his Epiftola ad Prof. Wal ker : " Nefcio certe an species nata vel nova fit; hoc tarnen tuie " pe:fpicacias ct acumini illico patcbit. Plantas triiici foloquam " vis feraci vigentes, faipe pene necavit hocce diium animal, fa " pius penitus abfumpfir. Calamitas inde orta ita agricolas affe " cit, ut qui olim modios centenos vendere foliti funt, vix aut " ne vix quidem hodie farra in ufum familia: quotidianum me tere qu-anr. Rus itaque trifte, arva nuda, incol<e egeni. Pau " pertatis species, pecuna hifce caufis deficicnte, übique appar " ens. yEre alieno populus, et domi et foras opp eflus."-- Also, from his answer to Monsieur D'Antie, who had writteu to him from Paris for information about American Infe&s : 41 Je *' vous fais palTer l'infefte, qui pour plufieurs annees a detruue " nos moifTons, e'eft une petite mauche, qui met fes oeufs dans " l'herbe du troment, ct ne demcure jamais dans les graines, And likewi-fe, from his'communication to the President of the Roval Society : " Thus by the two-fold operation ot Erojion and " Prejfuie have our harvrftsbeenmiferably deilroyed for a uumb< r " of years. You now learn how unfounded were the apprehen " Hons entertained by government about importing this Infect in 14 the grain. A like feartulnefs prevailed in Canada during the " winter j;3g, when during a fcarcityofbread.com in the pru " vince ol Quebec, Lord Dorchester earneftlyenquired, Whe " ther there was any danger of iutroducing the Infect in the " Wheat brought from the States of New-York and Vcrmon., to " which I replied, that mod certainly there wasno danger." LETTER From a refpcflablc commercial houfc in L* Orient to a gertfemanin Bojlon, SIR, " ' I ""HE cffcft of our late glorious revolution, operating on JL commcrce as well as politicks, and some material changes having already taken place inconsequence, we embraccthisas a ia vourable moment to renew our a/pe&s, and acknowledgments, to our correspondents at large, when we can have any interellinT information to give them, as well conceining the general trade of the kingdom, as what relates to this port in particular, whose luperior advantages justly entitle it to a preference over others, from its vicinity to the main ocean, the convenience and fafetv of its harbour, and the trifling charges vessels are liable to on entiy, as mentioned in our price current which we annex tor your information and government. " The changes we have to announce are, t: The fuppreftion of our East-India company, " The abolkion of the freedom of this port, and, " The emiflion of government notes. u The firftmet with much oppolition, but was notwithftandi/ig decrecd ; so that the trade to India is now laid open, to the ge neral benefit of the nation, and we think the particular advan tage of this town, which, joining to its other conveniences, that ot having the proper warehouses and offices completely eftablifli ed, and the face of that trade already turned towards it must com mand a preft ranee, and continue the fixed mart for the sale of East-India goods, which we presume will be more reaTonable in future than heretofore. " The abolition of the freedom of this port met with less op position, as it wasameafure fought for by the inhabitants, who tound it only fcrved as an encouragement to fmugling, to the pre judice ofthe fair trader,whofc intercourse with the icftofthe king dom was rtftrained, as no article that once cams into the town, could return by land, or be received at any other of our ports, without paying duties, as though the town were foreign ; and here wc must observe, left an idea Ihould go abroad to the contrary, that the taking away this freedom does not prejudice our trade with America, your resident at our court was consulted on the bu fmef-, and nothing being altered refpe£ting the treaty of 1787, our intercourse with you will be carried on asufual, without any in creafc of duties or charges, the only difference is the goods must now be as it were bonded. " The emiflion of government notes, or aflignats as they are called, was to supply the want of the circulation of specie, which was cither hoarded up by the monied people, or sent out of the kingdom from interested motives, to the great prejudice and even stagnation of trade ; the amount is limited to four hundred mil lions of livres, and they are so much preferable to bank notes, that they bear interest at the rate of 3 per ceut. per ann. are equal ly transferable, being payable to bearer, and are guaranteed by, and to be paid from, a property of above eight hundred millions, late belonging to the clergy, and which is now on sale. " Our illustrious national assembly, to perfect the great work it has begun, has many other improvements in agitation, one in particular, to fix a common standard for weights and mealure*, in which the co-operation of England is fought for ; but these are the most interesting changes that have as yet taken place; there is however another in the reftri&ions they laboured under, being taken off the tanneries ; soap and starch manufattories, which though, seemingly of little consequence to you, we men tion, in the hope that it may encreafe our connexions with your Stales, by opening a new branch of commcrce, in the exportation of bark, green hides, tallow and kelp, if those articles abound with you ; it. may also encreafe the conlumption ot filh oil, which, as well as whale, are at prcfent of very flow demand, owing to the quantities imported last season, and every port being over flocked : whale bone is likewise flack from the fame but pot and pearl aftieson the contrary are in high demarf<s, nor can we get enough syr the confumntion; tobacco, rice, wheat, flour, [Whole No. i/; 8.-, L'Oriext, MAY 15, 1790,