tffhpwtmrP*
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEN SO, No. 69, MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREE IS, PHILADELPHI \
[No. 54, of Vol. ll.]
PLAN OF THE
GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES
(A NATIONAL PAPER.)
PublifHcd at the Seat of the National Government,
Computing
ARLY and authentic accounts of the Proceedings ofCohgreft
-I_j »ts Lawj, Acts, and Rejolutions, communicated lo «»s to
form an history of the tranla&'.ons ot the national goveinment.
11. Impartial Sketches oj the Debate* of Congrejs.
111. f-jfays| on the great subjects of Government', also upon the
local and national rights ot the American citizens, as founded up
on the national or state Conftirutions ; and upon every oihcr fub
jeefc, which may appear suitable for newspaper difcuflion.
IV A fries oj Paragraphs t calculated to catch the " living man
ners as they rile," and to point the public attention to obje&s
that have an important reference to domcftic, social and public
happiness.
V. The Interefis of the United States as conncfted with their
literary Institutions ; religious and moral objetts ; improvements
in Science, Arts, Education and Humanity; their foreign
treaties, alliances, connexions, See.
VI. Every species ot Intelligence which may afFect the commer
cial, agricc'iural, manula£luriug, or political mtereifcs of the Ame
rican nation.
VII. A chain of Domeflic Occurrences.
VIII. A f erics o\ foreign ay ticks of Intelligence.
IX. The slate oj the Funds \ Lourfes of Exchange ; Prices Current.
Published every Wednesday and Saturday.
The price to fubferibers, (exclusive of postage) Three Dol
lars per annum.
The fir ft feini-annual payment to be made at the time of fub
f-ribing : The 'econd at the end of the year.
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Will be received in all the capital towns upon the Continent ; also at No.
69, Market-Street, between Second and fhird Streets, Philadelphia.
To the PUBLIC
AT this important crisis, the ideas that fill the mind, are preg
nant with events of the greatcft magnitude—to strengthen and
complete the union of the .States—to extend and protect their
commerce—to explore and arrange the national fundi —to restore and
cftablifh the public credit—will require the energies of the patriots
and sages of nui country —Hence the propriety of encreafing the me
diums ojknowledge and information.
AMERICA, from this period begins her national existence—
11 the world is all before her"—the wisdom and fol
ly—the misery and prosperity of the empties, fates, and kingdoms,
which have had their day npon the great theatre of time, and are
now no more, suggest the most important mementos —tnefe, with
the rapid series of events, in which our country has been involved,
have taught the enlightened citizens of the United States, that free
dom and government —liberty and laws, are inseparable.
This conviction led to the adoption of the new constitution ;
for however various the sentiments, refpe&ing the merits of this
fyftcm, all good men are agreed in the necefliry of an efficient fe
deral government.
A paper, therefore, eftabliftied upon national, independent, and
impartial principles—which lhall t3ke up thepremifed articles,upon
a competent plan, it is presumed, will be highly intercfting,
and meet with public approbation and patronage.
The Editor of this publication is determined to leave no avenue
of information unexplored :—He solicits the afliftance oi persons
ofleifure and abilities—which, united with his own alliduity, he
flatters himfelf will render the Gazette of the United States not
unworthy general encouragement and is, with due refpeft,
the public's humble servant, THE EDITOR.
April 15, 1790.
THIS publication commenced with the
present government of the United States :—lts
principal objects are comprised in the above plan ;
they have been thus far attended to, according
to the bed abilities of the Editor—and that they
are deemed interesting, has been evinced by tire
general approbation which the paper has receiv
ed,and the exteniive circulation it has obtained :
It ihall be the aim of the Editor to keep up the
spirit of his plan—every communication condu
cive to that point, will be gratefully received
Freedom, Government, Union and Peace conilitute
thehappinefs of every country —the United States
in a particular manner, have all their present
enjoyments, and future hopes, suspended on the
preservation of these essential pillars of human feli
city : In an ardent wifli to promote these great
objedis, the " Gazette of the United States" ori
ginated—to these it has been—and Ihall be sedu
lously devoted ; and while it continues an impar
tial vehicle to the public of governmental tran
fa<ftions, and interesting information on the molt
important fubjeJts of life, the Editor cannot fail
ef public encouragement.
Agreeable to the original design, the publics
tion is now commenced in Philadelphia, the feat
of g° ver nment for the United States.—The pa
tronage of the citizens of this metropolis is here
by solicited :—Thofe who may wifli to form a
judgment of the work, are refpeiftfully informed
that thefirft volume (from April 1789, to April
1790) maybe infpetfted at the house of the Editor,
No. 69, Market-Street.
The second volume commenced in April last :
The Editor can supply the numbers complete from
that period—which contain the laws of the second
feffionof Cangrefs —and the debates and proceed
ings of the house of Representatives, during four
months of the feflion.
CONDITIONS.
Wednesday, November 5, 1790.
Among the innumerable blelfings derived to
the people of tlie United States from the present
general government, there is none productive
of happier effe&s than that spirit of universal
citizenship which has in a great measure era
dicated party and local dillintftions,and now forms
a great national feature in the American charac
ter. The Editor therefore, with confidence,
takes his station in the capital of the United
States, being fully persuaded, that in proportion
to his merits, he will receive the patronage of the
public. JOHN FENNO.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
EXPERIMENTS 011 the SARAGHTOGA WA
TERS.
From a Communication to Stephen Van Wyck, Esq.
By Samuel L. Mitchell, Esq. M. D. in Republ.
r- I r t/ v
Ebor. LXX i'in ; ire. ire.
" 'T'HE temperature of the surrounding
-I- atmosphere being ar the fifty eighth
degree of Farenheit's scale, the heat of the up
permost Spring was forty nine and an half de
grees ; thatol the lower fifty-one and a half.
Corrojive fublhuatc of Mercury when difl'olved
in the water, underwent mo perceptible altera
tion. As this substance was not decompounded,
it is clear there was no Alkali present in the
Spring, in its aerated (late.
Aerated fixed vegetable Alkali rendered the wa
ter turbid, and a white precipitate foonfell down
in large quantity. A plain indication of earth
didblved in the water.
The kind and quality of this earth was striking
ly shewn by the following experiments. I. Solu
tion of Soap in Alkohol was quickly deconipofed.
2. Acid of Sugar very speedily threw down a co
pious white precipitate. This last was exceed
ingly beautiful, and proved the quantity of Lms
to be remarkably abundant
To determine whether the Vitriolic and Muri
atic acids were contained in the water, the two
ensuing experiments were made. i. A folvtion
of Silver in the Nitrous Acid, became very white
and niilk-like, inllantlyon being added. 2. An
aqueous solution of acetated Lead, was precipitated
immediately after mixture, in the form of a white
powder. Whence it is presumable the water
contains both Glauber's Salt and Sea-Salt, especi
ally since much saline matter is afforded, by eva
poration.
Green Vitriol at firft diflolved readily, but af
terwards onftanding, a yellowilh ochre was de
posited
Lunar Caustic, was instantly decomposed, white
locculi rose plentifully to the top of the water,
ind floated there, forming white striae as they
palled upwards ; within a minute they loft their
whiteness, in a considerable degree, became of
an ash or dove-colour, and funk one after another
to the bottom. The whole liquor then appeared
turpid and somewhat purple.
Lastly, the presence of Iron was proved by
these two experiments. I. Phlogijlicated Alkali
aflumed on mixture, a blue colour. 2. Saturat
ed Tinflure of Galls in Alkohol, acquired fomewliat
of a purple hue. The chalybeate impregnation
is however weak, for the quantity of ferruginous
matter is Anall, and contained in the upperinoft
spring only.
Froin which experiments, and from those for
merly published on the fame fubjecft, it is evident
the Saraghtoga waters contain as principal ingre
dients : 1. acid. 2. Lime. 3. Sea-salt. 4.
Glauber's Salt. 5. Iron.
Much remains to be said on their medicinal
qualities and effects ; but I shall Itop here for the
present, with recommending to the curious,an at
tentive perusal of Sir Forbcru Birgman's truly
fcientific and elaborate Eflay on the Artalyft.f of
Waters, whenever they visit mineral springs."
MR. FEN NO,
WE are sorry to learn that the Whtat hifift
has not yet ceased to be troublesome. COll
- damage has been done already to those
crops which were sowed early ; insomuch that
the farmers in some places have plowed up some
oftheir Wheat-fields and sowed Rye. The liif
cory of this animal is now so well understood,
that it is in the power of Farmers to avoid much
of its mifchief, by committing their feed to the
ground as late in the season as it will poflibly
bear. This willkfiep the infecft asyay until spring;
639
HESSIAN FLY
Ukso
and then if the land be rich and well manured,
vegetation will proceed so fact with the advance
of the warm season that the Wheat will outgrow
it. 1 he-le are matters of great importance, and
ought to be attended to by all friends to the agri
cultural interest. It is much to be feared the Fly
will never wholly leave our country, but remain
a perpetual obstacle to the raising of Wheat.—
But this idea, so far from discouraging, ought
rather to incite us to lome extraordinary exertion
to surmount the difficulty. One of our citizens,*
we are informed, hasfentto some of the Natural
iftsin Europe, specimens of the Heffian-FJy, that
it may be certainly decided whether the species
be new or not ; and whether like damage has
ever happened in that part of the globe from a
limilar cause.
* Dr. Mitchell. As appears by his Epiftola ad Prof. Wal
ker : " Nefcio certe an species nata vel nova fit; hoc tarnen tuie
" pe:fpicacias ct acumini illico patcbit. Plantas triiici foloquam
" vis feraci vigentes, faipe pene necavit hocce diium animal, fa
" pius penitus abfumpfir. Calamitas inde orta ita agricolas affe
" cit, ut qui olim modios centenos vendere foliti funt, vix aut
" ne vix quidem hodie farra in ufum familia: quotidianum me
tere qu-anr. Rus itaque trifte, arva nuda, incol<e egeni. Pau
" pertatis species, pecuna hifce caufis deficicnte, übique appar
" ens. yEre alieno populus, et domi et foras opp eflus."--
Also, from his answer to Monsieur D'Antie, who had writteu
to him from Paris for information about American Infe&s : 41 Je
*' vous fais palTer l'infefte, qui pour plufieurs annees a detruue
" nos moifTons, e'eft une petite mauche, qui met fes oeufs dans
" l'herbe du troment, ct ne demcure jamais dans les graines,
And likewi-fe, from his'communication to the President of the
Roval Society : " Thus by the two-fold operation ot Erojion and
" Prejfuie have our harvrftsbeenmiferably deilroyed for a uumb< r
" of years. You now learn how unfounded were the apprehen
" Hons entertained by government about importing this Infect in
14 the grain. A like feartulnefs prevailed in Canada during the
" winter j;3g, when during a fcarcityofbread.com in the pru
" vince ol Quebec, Lord Dorchester earneftlyenquired, Whe
" ther there was any danger of iutroducing the Infect in the
" Wheat brought from the States of New-York and Vcrmon., to
" which I replied, that mod certainly there wasno danger."
LETTER
From a refpcflablc commercial houfc in L* Orient to a gertfemanin Bojlon,
SIR,
" ' I ""HE cffcft of our late glorious revolution, operating on
JL commcrce as well as politicks, and some material changes
having already taken place inconsequence, we embraccthisas a ia
vourable moment to renew our a/pe&s, and acknowledgments, to
our correspondents at large, when we can have any interellinT
information to give them, as well conceining the general trade
of the kingdom, as what relates to this port in particular, whose
luperior advantages justly entitle it to a preference over others,
from its vicinity to the main ocean, the convenience and fafetv
of its harbour, and the trifling charges vessels are liable to on
entiy, as mentioned in our price current which we annex tor
your information and government.
" The changes we have to announce are,
t: The fuppreftion of our East-India company,
" The abolkion of the freedom of this port, and,
" The emiflion of government notes.
u The firftmet with much oppolition, but was notwithftandi/ig
decrecd ; so that the trade to India is now laid open, to the ge
neral benefit of the nation, and we think the particular advan
tage of this town, which, joining to its other conveniences, that
ot having the proper warehouses and offices completely eftablifli
ed, and the face of that trade already turned towards it must com
mand a preft ranee, and continue the fixed mart for the sale of
East-India goods, which we presume will be more reaTonable in
future than heretofore.
" The abolition of the freedom of this port met with less op
position, as it wasameafure fought for by the inhabitants, who
tound it only fcrved as an encouragement to fmugling, to the pre
judice ofthe fair trader,whofc intercourse with the icftofthe king
dom was rtftrained, as no article that once cams into the town,
could return by land, or be received at any other of our ports,
without paying duties, as though the town were foreign ; and here
wc must observe, left an idea Ihould go abroad to the contrary,
that the taking away this freedom does not prejudice our trade
with America, your resident at our court was consulted on the bu
fmef-, and nothing being altered refpe£ting the treaty of 1787, our
intercourse with you will be carried on asufual, without any in
creafc of duties or charges, the only difference is the goods must
now be as it were bonded.
" The emiflion of government notes, or aflignats as they are
called, was to supply the want of the circulation of specie, which
was cither hoarded up by the monied people, or sent out of the
kingdom from interested motives, to the great prejudice and even
stagnation of trade ; the amount is limited to four hundred mil
lions of livres, and they are so much preferable to bank notes,
that they bear interest at the rate of 3 per ceut. per ann. are equal
ly transferable, being payable to bearer, and are guaranteed by,
and to be paid from, a property of above eight hundred millions,
late belonging to the clergy, and which is now on sale.
" Our illustrious national assembly, to perfect the great work
it has begun, has many other improvements in agitation, one in
particular, to fix a common standard for weights and mealure*,
in which the co-operation of England is fought for ; but these
are the most interesting changes that have as yet taken place;
there is however another in the reftri&ions they laboured under,
being taken off the tanneries ; soap and starch manufattories,
which though, seemingly of little consequence to you, we men
tion, in the hope that it may encreafe our connexions with your
Stales, by opening a new branch of commcrce, in the exportation
of bark, green hides, tallow and kelp, if those articles abound
with you ; it. may also encreafe the conlumption ot filh oil, which,
as well as whale, are at prcfent of very flow demand, owing to
the quantities imported last season, and every port being over
flocked : whale bone is likewise flack from the fame but
pot and pearl aftieson the contrary are in high demarf<s, nor can
we get enough syr the confumntion; tobacco, rice, wheat, flour,
[Whole No. i/; 8.-,
L'Oriext, MAY 15, 1790,