ti/l —■— — n- .. — PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE ExdfiANGE, NEW-YORK [No. 31, if Vol. ll.j DISCOURSES ON DAVILA. No. XVI. Opposant, sans reliche, ai rc n op 4c prudence, Lcs Cuius aux Ctndis, et la Fiance a (a France. Toujours piite a j'unir avec f«s enncmis Et cnangearit d'mteiet, de rivaux, et d'ainis. THE rivalry, between thehoufesof Guise and Montmorency, or in other words, the am bition of the Cardinal de Lorrain, and the Duke of Guise, to outstrip the Montmorency's, produ ced a war. Charles the Vth. was preparing with a numerousariny to lay siege to Metz. It was not doubted that the conduct ot so important a war, ■would be committed to one of the two favorites. But the Constable Montmorency, more than fixry years ot age, preferred arelidence near the per son of the King, to a rifqne of his reputation, in new dangers. The Duke of Guife l , on the con trary, full of courage, and burning with ardor to <tiftinguifli himfelf, solicited the command, with the more vivacity, as he law no other resource than in military fuccefles, to efface the credit , and cclipfe the glory of theConftable. Me was there fore charged with the defence ot Met:', with the consent, or at leait, without tile opposition ofthe Constable, who, internally, was not dis pleased to fee his competitor, expose his lite, or his reputation to danger. The Duke fulfilled perfetftly, the idea, whicii had been conceived of his valor and prudence—uncertain as the suc cess of the enterprise had been, he came out of it victorious, and covered with glory. This great atftion did him fomuch honor witll the King, and the whole nation, that they committed to him,in preference of all others, the command ot the ar my, which they sent afterwards to Italy, to re conquer the kingdom of Naples. Either by the fault ofthe French, or the inconstancy of their allies, this expedition failed, or, at !eaft produ ced little advantage : Yet the ill success was not imputed to the Duke, who drew from it more glory than he could have done from a victory.— for this reason : Philipthefecond Kingol Spain, upon the abdication of his fcith-r, Charles thaVth. turned his arms against the frontiers of France, and entered through Flanders into Picardie, to make a diversion si oin the war in Italy. Ihe Conltable as Governor of that Province, was then obliged to take leave of the King, and, aguinll: his inclination, run the hazards ol war. rhelofs of the battle of Sflint-Qnintin, where the Span iards took him prisoner, l'pread a consternation through all the neighbouring ptovinces. The friends ofthe Guiles in council, conhl difoover no surer means of repelling this invasion ot the enemy, of repairing the lotl'es, and preventing the conferences of this defeat, than by recalling Italy the Duke of Guise. The celerity of his return, added to the memorable conquetts of Calais, Guifne, and Thionville.fullyju (lifted these hopes, and gave him that superiority over the Conltable, that a Conqueror inuft ever have over one who is conquered. TheConftable, however, obtained his liberty, and returned to court. The King s ailetftion for him was not abated. Henry, attributing hislate misfortunes to the lot of arms, and the fortune of war, conversed familiarly with him, and, still convinced of his capacity, confided to him the weight of public affairs. In the critical circuin ftaiices ofthe Snre, the Duke and the Cardinal, who had acquired a great reputation, the one by his exploits, and the other by his abilities, appre hended that if they could not throw l'ome power ful obftaclein the way ofthe Conltable, he would rife higher in favor than ever. They resolved therefore to gain to their parly, Diana, Dutchefs <5f Valentinois—to connect their interelts with hers —and to make her protection and favor (erve as a foundation of theirelevation. And who was *li«na ? Of illuftvious birth, defrended from the ancient liuufe of the Counts of Poitiers, in the flower of her age, ihe united with uncommon beauty, a sprightly wit, an acute and fubne un derltanding, the molt infinuatinggraces of behav ior, and all the other qualities which in a young woman, enchant the eyes and captive the heart. She had married the Senechal of Normandy, who soon left her a widow, with two daughters. She took advantage of her lingle state to deliver her fejf up to the pleafurei and amusements ofthe Court. Her charms gained the heart of the King, whom <he governed with an absolute empire. But ib.e behaved with so much arrogance, and appro priated to herfelf the riches of the crown, with i.'« much avidity, that Ihe made herfelf odious and infjppurrabJe to the whole kingd otn. The Qurcn, WEDNESDAY, JULT 28, 1790. full of indignation, to h'ave-a rival so powerful, behaved towards her 'with, aif exterior decency, but in her heart bore her an implacable hatred. The nobility, whom ftie had ill treated in the persons of feverstl gentlemen, could not with pa tience, fee themselves trampled under foot by the pride of a woman—and the people detested her avarice—to which they imputed <he rigorous im posts, with which they were loaded. The Guises, without regard to the general dis content—sensible only to thafo-jr of losing their power, fought the friend/hip <5X the Dutchels, vvho soon declared herfelf openly in their favor, and by marryingone of her daughters to the Duke ot Aumale their brother, fupportedthem with all her credit. The Constable eaflly unravelled the irttrlgues of the Guises, and, not depending on the marks-os confidence which he received from the King, thought to fortify himfelf, equally, with the prote&iou of Diana. If the Guises had flat tered her, by the splendor of their birth, he did not difpair to gain her to hi* int«reft, by satiating \ heravarice,apaffion as ungovernable in her heart, as ambition. He begun to make his court to her, and endeavored to gain her by considerable pre sents. He had lb much at heart the success of his measures, that in fpiteof hisratural pride, he did nothefitate to feekalfoher alliance by espou sing to Henry Lord of Damville, his second son, Antoinette de la Mark, grand daughter by the mother, of the Dutchefs of Valsntinois—a reso lution so much the more imprudeht, 3s Diana was already ftricftly united with the party of the Gui ses, andlabor'd sincerely, with all herpower, for their aggrandizement—whereas she favored but coldly the designs of the Constable. All the me_iis which had been employed in opposition to the elevation of the Guises, became useless. To the merit of their services—to the intrigues by which they had continually advanced tiiemfelves —at the time, when they disputed with so much vivacity, with their rivals, for the firft rank at the Court, was added, the marriage ot' Francis, the Dauphin of France, and the elded son of the King, with the Princess Mary, sole heir of the kingdom of Scotland, daughter of James Stuart, lately de ceased, by Mary of Lorrain, lifter of the Duke and Cardinal. All alliance of so much magnifi cence, drew them near to the throne. There re mained now, to the Constable and his family, only the friendly sentiments, which the King preserved for them by habit; and to the other courtiers, only the offices of linaller importance. The principal dignities, thefaireft governments, and the general fuperintendance of affairs, civil and military, all were placed in the hands of ths Guises and their creatures. (To be continued.) TRANSLATED TOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. PARIS. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE COLONIES, Prefenttd to the National AJfemHy, in the name of the Committee appointed Jor that purpose, the 234 March, 1790. By Mr. Barnave, Depaty from Danphiny. ADMITTING the ideas that have been detail ed, and that the colonies are in a state of tranquility, well administered, . and delivered from oppression, one thing ftilj r*mains wanting. They offer themselves to every body, by their riches, as an objeA of an adfive ambition, but want the population, and cannot procure within themselves the maritime and military forces ne ceflary for their defence. It is necessary then, that being united and identified with a great power, they may find by the disposition of its strength, the security of the bleflings acquired by means of a good conftituti on, and good interior laws. _ , It is neceflary that this power, interested 111 their preservation, by the advantages gained in its tranfa<ff ions with them, should coniider it a duty to fhovv the molt constant equity towards them, that it fhou)d always present a fufficient orce for their protection, and that by its iwduf -1 ry: its prodiuSions and capital, it may be polled ed of every means neceflary to fonn the most ad vantageous commercial connexions. Here then is the whole of what is neceflary for the poiirical existence of the colonies, by fe coring the prcfcrvat o;i of every interior advan ce ; V ts what tluife (he kl Ha e pointed out 537 CONTINUED 10 them, who inspired them with a vvilh for a good constitution. Were there persons thoughtless enough to dare to invite them to a Separate political cxif- to an abfolnte independence, we would a!k theni, laying aside faith, engagements, ajid every thing which great nations can employ to cnforce them ; we would ask them, what is then the secret oftheir hopes ? Where are their forc es to protect them ? Would they take men from cultivation to make sailors and soldiers of them ? would they oppose them with any hopes against thefirft: powers in the world - ? But, they will fay, we will procure for onr felves alliances anei guarantees. And do you think tliey will be disinterested ? Though they may be for a while, do you think they would be so long ! Da you not lee that every protection would be the commencement of a new arbitrary government over you ? We, with whom you are connected by so many duties and so many ties, can we not fay to you, forgetting every thing el fe except your interelts, behold our principles, re gard our laws ; choose whether you will be the tree citizens of a free nation, or whether you will soon become the IHves of those who should now offer themselves as yourallies. And altho they iheuld flatter themselves, that a dominion eftablilhed on such foundations, may preserve for some time an appearance of jultice, we would ltili alk them, where is the nation that can promise our colonies, more loyalty, wore fraternal regard, than we now teftify towards them Where is the nation that can display for their protection, greater or more solid ftrengtli than what we aredifpofed to do, after the crilis of our regeneration ! Where is the nation to whom nature has given greater means to carry on commerce with them ? Which can produce and prepare within itfelf, more materials fit for their confutnption ? Which can make a greater ofe of thrirs-#- Whidr jjoitttt es in fine, beyond us, every thing that can lead to that point, wherein a mutual exchange is attend ed with the greatest possible advantages. They have not, it is true, hitherto drawn in their fulleft extent, the advantages which these different considerations give reason to expert ; but to what other cause was this owing, than the abuses which we have destroyed ? The administration of their government was oppressive ? The answer is in our revolution, the answer is in the decrees and the inftru<ftions which we fend to the colonies. Our naval force has never attained the degree of preponderance which the extent otour means and our geographical position assigned it. But what more than us, had those to boast of, who with fewer men and lefsriches, have maintained themselves in the firft rankamongmaritimepow ers ? They had a constitution—they were free. In short, the iituation of our commerce did not present all the superiority of advantages which the whole of our resources warrant, as soon as they shall be developed. But are they ignorant, that hitherto the geni us of the French nation has alone struggled against all these initiations, all thele (hackles, all these prejudices ! Are they ignorant that an unaccountable opi nion, ranked almost every other profeHion above commerce, agriculture and produtflive industry, and thus destroyed in a nation, fond of refped: and glory, the gem which gives birth to every kind of perfe&ion ? Are they ignorant, that people hitherto with us, betook thenifelves to commerce, in hopes of soon enriching thenifelves, and that they quit it asfoonastliey had acquired fufficient fortune t» prosecute it on such an extensive scale, as would be like advantageous to thenifelves and those with whom they tranfa<fted bulinefs. Are they ignorant that the capitals, which ought to have promoted ufeful industry, were ablorbed by a borrowing government, and the crowd of itockjobbers with which it was sur rounded ! Are they ignorant that the profits which this government was obliged to offer in return for the want of confidence, and thofc of the infamous traffic which was supported by its profulions, kept up in France the iatereft ofmoney toaprice that was alone fufficient to restrain below medi- ocrity, all the branches of ourinduftry, and to change every proportion of our competition with othver people ? [Whole NO. IJJ.]
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