9ISCOURSES ON DAVILJ. Augufte veritfc ! C'cfta toi, de montrer aux yeux des nations Les coapablcs effcts lcurs divisions. WHEN one family is deprefled, either in a Monarchy, or in any species of republic, another ni uft arise. While, in the reign of Fr an- Cis Ift. they thus humbled the branch of the Boui llons ; there arose two other powerful families, who soon obtained the administration of affairs : The house of Montmorency, and that ot Guise ; bolh, indeed inferior to the Blood Royal ; but both illultrious by the l'plendor ot the most an cient nobility. That of Montmorency produces Titles, which prove its descent, by an uninter rupted fuccefiion, from one of the principal Gran dees who accompanied Pharamovd in his firft expedition. It has the glory of having been the | lirft French house which received baptism and the Christian Faith. The memory of this diftinttion is preserved in the motto of their arms, Cod help the firJl Chrijiian Baron ; a splendid testimony both of the antiquity and religion of their ancestors. Anne of Montmorency, who united a vast genius, directed by prudence, to a grave and imposing de portment —who combined a lingular address to a patience never to be exliaufted in the intrigues and affairs of the Court, which change so often their afpeift, sprung from this stock. His high qualities merited the confidence of Francis lit. After having palled thro all the military grada tions of the State, he was at firft elevated to the dignity of Grand Master of the King's house hold, and after the death of the Duke of Bourbon, to that of Conjlable— in one word he concentered in his person, the command of armies, and the principal administration of all the affairs, civil and political, of the kingdom. The house of Lorrain, of which that ot Guise is a branch, derives it ofriginal, from the highest antiquity. It reckons among its paternal ancef tors, Godfrey of Bouillon, the famous leader of the Crusades, who by his valour and piety conquered the kingdom of Jerusalem ; and by the female line it traces its descent from a daughter of Charlemain. Anthony, ot Lorrain, chief of this rich and powerful family, reigned over his people, with an absolute authority ; Claud, his lounger brother, went into France to take pof fellion of the Dutchy ot Guise, and there recom mended himfelf by his valour.—After the battle of Marignan, where he commanded the Ger man troops, he was taken out from an heap of dead bodies covered over with blood and wounds; his cure was thought to be a miracle, and he held afterwards the firft rank among the greatest cap tains of France. The houses of Guise and Mont morency, had rendered services of such impor tance to the State that it was difficult to deter mine, which of the two merited the pre-emi nence In the splendor of their birth and the extent of their domains, the Guises had the ad vantage. In the favor of the King, the family of the Constable was most advanced, and saw lt felf at the head of affairs. Nature which has es tablished in the univeile a chain of being, and universal order, defending from Arch Angels to microscopic animalcules, has ordained that no two obiects shall be perfectly alike and no two creatures perfectly equal. Although among men, all are fubjec r t by nature to equal la-ws ot morality, and in society have a right to equal ktwsfyr their government, yet no two men are perfectly equa hi oerfon, property, understanding, activity and virtue—or ever can be made so by any power less than that which created them ; and when ever it becomes disputable between two individu als or families which is the superior, a ferment ation commences, which disturbs the order of all things until it is fettled and each one knows his place in the opinion of the public The quef tln-i of superiority between the Guises audMont morencys had theulual effects of such doubts. But as nothing is less liable than the for tune of cour tiers, in ill-ordered governments they both expe rienced reverses, towards the end of the reign ot Francis the Ift. That jealoufy,which never has an end because it is always well founded, which reiens in every government, where every pafhon and every interest has not its correspondent counterpoise, actuated the King. The two mi.i ifters not being fubjeft to any regular plan of responsibility, were become dangerous rivals of their master ; their enemies knew how to infin ite suspicions. The Constable fell into disgrace for having perfuadecl the King to trust the pro mi fes of Chari.es the Vtli. and to grant him a free paflage through France, as he went tochaf tife the rebellion of Ghent. The Emperor not kceuinshis engagements, the King and the court accnfedthe Constable of having failed, either in prudence or fidelity He vyas obliged to leave the court and return to private life, to conceal himfelf fvom the purluits of his enemies. _ The Duke of Guise was also constrained to quit the court and give way to the storm, for having in curred the displeasure of the King, by caufmg be raised upon the frontiers without his con tent certain troops, which he sent to the Duke of Lorrain, his brother at that time ?X war with the Anahaptifts. The Conltable, and tne uu« """'V. S | disgraced, were replaced by two ministers of con summate experience, indefatigable uiduftry an acknowledged abilities ; the Admiral D Anne baut and the Cardinal de Tournon. The me diocrity of their fortune and extraction, excited little apprehension, that they would ever arrive, at that high power, of which the King had rea son to be jealous, and which he dreaded in the hands of his fubjetts. This Prince, who under flood mankind, and was become unquiet and lul picious since his disgraces, had long resolved to dismiss from his person, the Conltable and the ] Duke, notwithstanding the long confidence with which he had honored them ; believing that he fliould not be able to govern, according to his | own mind, while he Ihould have about him two persons, whose credit and reputation were capa ble of balancing his will. He dreaded in the Constable that profound experience and that lively penetration, from which he could not con ceal his mod hidden secrets. Every thing was to him suspicious in the Guises. Their llluftrious birth, their restless humour, their active genius, that ardent character to embrace every occahon to aggrandize themselves, and that ambition ca pable of forming projedts the n\olt vast and dat ing. As the judicial courts had no independence, and there was no regular judicature for impeach ments, there could be no rational responsibility. The King could inflict none but arbitrary pun ifliments ; there was 110 tribunal, but the States general and their committees, and among thele the ministers had as many friends as the King. The ministers therefore thought themselves, and as the constitution then stood they really were, so nearly equal to the King in power, that they might do as they pleased with impunity. 1 hey presumed too far, and the King was jullly offend ed : but had 110 remedy, but in the aflailination or difuiiifitiii of his ministers—he chole the latter ; though in the sequel we (hall fee many instances ill flniilar cases, of the former ; in the last years of his life this monarch, if we may call by that name a Prince who|was in effect,nothing more than the fir ft individual in a miserable oligarchy, se cretly recommended to Prince Henry his son, to tliftrnft the exceflive power of his fubjecfts, and especially of the house of Guise, whose elevation would infallibly disturb the repose of the king dom. Francis now saw and felt, thatthe house of Guise was become, as the house of Bourbon had been before, a dangerous rival of the house of Valois. Ambition, disappointed and disgraced by a King, commonly becomes obsequious to the heir appa rent, or ostensible facceflqr. In 1547, Henry the second, the successor of Francis the fiift, disre garding the advice and example of his father, difmiiled from his court and service, the Admi ral and Cardinal, though possessed of the secrets of the state ; and placed again at the head of af fairs, the Constable Anne of Montmorency, and Francis of Lorrain, son of Claud Duke of Guise, who soon engaged the confidence of the yoGng King, and regulated every thing at his court. Their authority was equal: But, as has been once observed, nature has decreed, that aperfett equa lity Jhctli uever long exijl between any two mortals. TWe views, the conduit and the cliara>fiers of the two iniiiTfters, were unlike in all things. The Constable advanced in years, was naturally fond of peace : Formed by a long experience in th<* art of government, h6 enjoyed an high repu tation for wisdom, and held the firft place in the condu<fl of affairs of state. The Duke, in the flower of his age, captivated by an elevated ge - nius and sprightly wit, united with arobuftcon ftitution and a noble figure, the affe&ions of the King. Henry treated him, almost as his equal; admitted him to his converfatioiis, his pleasures, and tliofe exercises of the body which were sui table to his age and inclination. His affedtion for the Constable, was rather veneration : His attach ment to the Duke was familiarity. The conduift of the two favourites was very different; the one an enemy of all show, urged with a certain seve rity, from which age is seldom exempted, tliene ceflity of economy. He even opposed the profu fion of the Prince. His austere virtue infpireda contempt for foreigners, and rendered him lit tle f'olicitous for the affetflion of the French. The Duke of Guise affable and popular, gained by his liberalities and politeness, the hearts of the peo ple and the soldiers. With a generous warmth, he protected the unfortunate, and conciliated the esteem of strangers. Inclinations and condutS: so opposite, soon pro duced jealousies, between the two ministers, e qually beloved of the King. To insinuate them selves further into the royal graces, and make themselves matters ofhis favors, they exerted all their skill, address and efforts. Their emulation and ambition were stimulated by their nearest re lations, and private friends. The Constable was irritated by his NephewGafpard de Coligni, Lord of Cliatillon, who had succeeded to the Admi ral D* Annebaut, and who was not less distin guished for his policy, than eminent for valor. The Duke of Guise was animated, by the Cardi nal Charles of Lorrain, his brother, who united 444 the splendor of tlie Roman purple, to a r.ablt figure, profound erudition and uncommon elo quence. . . , Hence forward the daemon of rivalry, haunted the twohoufes of Guile and Montmorency : and fortune did not fail to open a valt caieer, to the animated emulation of the two competitors. LONDON, March 15 Wednesday morning early a Courier arrived with the officiaf account of the death ot the Emperor Joleph 11. wlnch.hipptntrt at Vienna on the 20th ult. at five in the morning; hewasinUit 40th year of his age, in the 26th year of his reign as Emperor of the Romans, and the 10th as King of Hungary and Bohemia. jj e succeeded to the imperial crown on the demise of his father, Fran, cis, on the 18th of Augufl, 1765; to the hereditary dominions of the home of Austria on the death of his mother, Maria Thereii, the 29th of November, 1780. He was twice married, to a Prin cess of Parma, and a Princess of Bavaria; but having left no iffut, the hereditary dominions of the House of Austria devohrn on his brother Peter Leopold JoCeph, Grand Duke oi 1 ufcany. The National AiTembly, among their other retrenchments, ht tc cut off 20001. per annum from the salary of their Ambaflador, in this metropolis; anil that at a time in which, from the mulu tude of his countrymen that are his constant visitors, he cancer, tainly ill fuppoit the want of the sum. MR. HOWARD'I DEATH. What the friends of humanity, and the ad mirers of unexampled benevolence have often and anxiously predicted, has at last occurred the amiable and virtuous Howard has fallen a vidtim to his persevering and unrivalled philan tliropy. The excellent man paid the debt of nature on the 20th of January, at Clierfon, after an illness of twelve days.—His disorder wasavio lent fever caught at the hospital at that place, where he had been adminiltering medicine to many poor wretches who languilhed under tk fame malady. Thus fell a man who was not only an ornament to his country but to human nature. 1 lie name of Howard has long been held high in the annals of England ; but the philanthropic Howard, has extended the fame of the Britilh virtue overall the globe ; and the dreariest nbodes of misery and disease have echoed with the praises of him, whose greatelt delight was, " in going about to DO GOOD." ADVERTISEMENT. NOTICE is heieby given to all the creditors of Pmiif Den MAN, now confined in the common gaol of Newuk, in the county of EfTex, That the Honorable Court of ComiDM Picas, in and for said county, have appointed Tucfday the spb day of May next, for the creditors ot said PhilijrDernntn, tomrct at the Court house in Newark, at nine o'clock oflhcdiy and lhewcaufeto the judge of the iaid Court if any |hcy htve, wliy an aflignment of the said insolvent debtors estate (hoiildn* be made, and he difchargcd according to the a£l of the Legilt lure of New-lerlev in such cafe made »nd provided. PHILIP DENMAN. Newark, At'ril 14, 1790. For CERTIFICATES, Or exchanged for LAND, TWENTY -Two acres of ground in the £ily of New-York fronting Great George-Street, Bowry-Lane, and Greenwich Lane. On the premises is a brick dwelling house containingter rooms; a fmallcr brick house with four rooms; a house with 1 brick front with two rooms : In each house is a Kitchen, and un der the whole four cellars; a never failing fprine is near one 0 the kitchens; a frame flable and a coach-house with rtablfl From the dwelling house both the North and the East riveisar plain to the view. Additional improvements have been mad this Spring, the ground has been laid out fpr pleasure as wc:!a for utility ; it is provided with variety of orchard and other truu part of the land has also been sown with timothy and clover To be fold for certificates of the national debt, which will Q- r <j ceived at the nominal value. Dollars at Bs. Or for good Jjn even il covered with wood, provided it is situated on the ' ol ' ingrivcrs, or on creeks as far as navigable, communicating wit 1 fame, viz. At the Potowinac above Alexandria,at James R' vcr 3 bove Richmond, in South-Carolina, about one hundred miles rol ' the sea (hoic, on Santee Edifto or Ponpon river, or on Savanna river. If not fold at piivate sale before the 15th of May, it wl then 011 the above terms be difp<i{ed ot by Public Vendue at t ■ merchants Cotfee-Houfe.—»For further particulars enquire 0 Poellnitz on the premises. April 10,17s 0 ' James F. Sebor, and Co. Have removed from No. 59, to No. 187, Water-Street, nearrt Flv-Market, WHERE they negotiate all kinds ofPUBLI SECURITIES—BILLS OF EXCHANGE. See. asufual. New-York, Aprils, 1790. *tf. _ William Taylor, Has for Sale, at his EAST-INDIA GOODS STORE, No, 4, Burling-Slip, „ ( Aflortment of EAST-INDIAGOC Amonß which are the following Articles: BOOK Mufliiis 8-4 6-4 5-4 || HUMHL'MS, Jackonet do. j| Long Cloths, Hankerchiefs,of various kinds,j| CafTas, Chintzes, n Seerfuckei'% Ginghams, | lioglapores. A Variety of liandfome painted MUSLIN ■ With many other Articles, which will be fold by the P- cce Package, low for calh. John Smith & Peter Wendovei SAIL-MAKERS, BEG leave to inform their Friends and the Public in K c that they have commenced bufmefs in copartnerflnp >» line, under the Firm of SMITH and WENDOVER, ,n tl l Cf Loft in Front Street, opposite Van Zaudt's Wharf (*» e311 see-House) formerly Occupicd by Car msr and Smith, » n by John Smith. Those Gentlemen who will be pica e vor them with their custom may depend upon having done in the best manner, and on as fliort notice as can be exp New-York, May 1,1790. (13* Subfcribersfor the Gazette of the United- Stiitef , nijhed with the numbers complcte } jrm the commencement oj t(J volatile. To be SOLD,
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