■were for the fame fervlees, and ftipplifis, and were to have been paid out of a common fund fuppiied by the refpe&ive States t in certain proportions, but which has not been done ; and on ac count of the deficiency and inability of this fund, were, at the re commendations of the late Congress, assumed by the several States to their refpeflive citizens. By the change of government, the funds appropriated to dif eharge the.e demands were now occupied or might be possessed by Congress ; and it was proper, when the revenues were taken, the debts (hould also be taken. Arr effe&ual proviAon could be made for all the debt*-, with more ease and convenience, and with 3efs expence to the citizens of the union, by systems proceeding from the general government, than if they were made by the for mer for one class of creditors, and by the State government for another. If the assumption {hould not be made, probably dif ferent provisions would be made by the States for their debts, "which would depend either on their abilities or policy, and a di versity of interest be occasioned, which, in its operation, might be prejudicial to the general happiness; and the only effe&ual and proper mode of obviating this, was to assume the State debts, "whereby the different creditors would have their demands pro vided for and discharged by the fame body, and those contend ing interests, which would otherwise take place, prevented. He remarked that a question had been asked, whether it Was caher to provide for a large debt than a small one ? The debt ol the union was fufficiently large, and if we added the State debts the difficulty would be increased. Mr. Lawrance observed that these debts already existed, though an different shapes, yet substantially the fame : transferring the demand from the State to the anion did not change the entire sum owed by the union and the States, and provision ought to be made for the whole : that supposing it would be made, the union, hav ing the revenues of the particular States unincumbered and unoc cupied, could make provision moie conveniently and more fatis iattorily than can be done if the assumption (hould not take place, and part of these revenues, probably the mod produ£live part, prc-occupied and retained by several of the important States ; the mode of providing for the debrs would be more agreeable to mi* 3iy States in the union, as it could be done by imports and exci lcs, and we should rid many of the States from the oppreflive ®f. taxes ; the former would do general justice, as each individual in the union would pay according to his confump- Particular instances have been mentioned to (hew that injuf be done to some States, if thfe proportion was adopt ed ; but these contemplated that no fettlemcnt would take place. \ " r ovuion could be made to obviate difficulties in these cases ; ami, m determining on a general proposition, it was lufficient thrat the principle of it was ju(t, because when it was assented to, and to be carried into effeft,the details and provisions could be suggested, considered and made as fliould appear proper. Mr. Lawrance concluded that the proposition was just and pro per, and would be productive of national advantage; and as it had, so it again should receive his afleot. The following objervations were made by Mr. Sherman, the 12 th injl. ' A CC ou^c f( l divided on so important a fub jeft, It gives mc great concern on account of the threatning as. pert it has on the peace and welfare of the government. The support of public credit by a provision for doing justice to *k " '. ors t ' le United States, was one great objefl that led to the eftabliffiment ot the prefenl government, and ffiould it fail of doing justice to so great a proportionof them as are involved in this provision. it would lose the confidence of many of its bell friends, and disappoint the expe&ations of the people in geneeal. I consider the debts incurred by the several states in support of the war, and for the common defence and general welfare, as the oebts of the United States, and that those creditors have as just and meritorious a claim on theunion for payment as any creditors whatever. A great part of them were aflTumed by the states in be half of the United States, in consequence of reqnifitions of Con gref-. , I (hall not now go into a particular discussion of the proposition before the committee, (every thing having been already said that may relief! light on the fubjefl) but (hall only Hate the reasons on "which I (hall give my vote in the affirmative. The measure appears to me both just and politick. Just, with refpeft to the creditors, whose debts are due for services and sup. plies rendered in support of the common caufeofthe union, which therefore ought to be paid out of the fame common funds, as the "ther creditors of the United States, and although some of the "ates would be able to provide for their creditors as well as the United States, yet that is not the cafe as to those whose exertions, luffentigs and burthens have been much greater, than the others, and it would not give fatisfaftion to aTTume the debts of some states, and not of others. The measure will be jujl with refpeft to the several States, be caufeeach will bear only its just proportion of the present bin. then, and their past exertions and expenditures, will be equitably adjusted in the final settlement of their accounts, for which effec tual provision is to be made by the fame a£l that provides for the assumption of the debts. ' The policy of the measure confills in its tendency to promote iuftice and harmony, and confidence in the government, in al leviating the burthens of a number of the States, who from their situation and circumstances during the war, were necefiitated to make grcaten exertions, and were fubjefted to greater fuf ferings ana expenditures than the other States, and by put ting all the funds neccflary for paying the debts under one dj rtition, to facilitate the collc&ion and render thein more produc tive and less embarrafling to commerce. The principal resource for pay (the impost) is in pofTellion of the general government. But if the date debts are jiot assumed, the states which have heretofore borne the greatest burthens,-will be left still to fuflain ihofe unequal and grievous burthent, or their creditors will be left without any provision for fatisfying their claims either of which would be unreasonable, and occasion great uneasiness -which will tend to embarrass and obfti u£ithe measures of govern ment. It has been (aid, let those States wait until their accounts with the United States (hall be fettled, and then receive feenritv for the balances that mav be due to them ; But why Ibould those States Vie fubjefted to greater burthens at prefenl, than the other States ? As it is not known which are Debtor or Creditor States, why not bear the burthen equally until that can be afcertamed ? If there is to be no settlement, I think it is a conclusive argument that the -whole public debt Ihould be alTiimed bv the United States. It ougfit to be presumed that the States have made exertions accord, ing to their abilities, and in due proportion until the contrary ap pears, and that can no otherwise appear, but by a settlement of the accounts ; and until that is done I can fee no good reason why any State (hould bear more than its ju(t proportion of the exiftingdebts whether contracted by the United Slates, or by the individual States' it incurred for the common defence, or general welfare of the Union. It is said there is no rule established toafcertain tjie quo tas of the several States ; but I think the rule is fixed by the refo- Jutions of the late Congrcfs,of the 22d of November 1777, and the third of June 1784, and the provision in the new Conllitution for apportioning dire£t taxes. PROGRESS OF MANUFACTURES. Philadelphia, THE ufeful arts are constantly encreafing a mongit us. A single Manufacfturer in the Northern Liberties makes annually 400 dozen pair worsted, cotton and thread (lockings ; the last superior in appearance andgoodnefs to those that are imported from England at a much higii er price. From the laboratory of Mefl'rs Marihal, we are informed, this fuminer 60000 lb. of crude fait armoniack will be exported to England and Holland, the very countries from which we have hitherto imported this article. Glauber salts of an excellent quality is made cheaper than it can be imported. ON DII'ISE PROVIDENCE. A S some fond mother, views her infant race i 1 With tenderness o'er flowing while (he fees ; She Miles one, one c lafps in her embrace ; Her feet fupportingone, and one her knees; Then, as the winning gefture-fpeakihg face, Or plantive cry explain their different pleas, A look, a word, (He deals with various grace, And finiles, or trowns, as love alone decrees. O'er frail mankind, so Providence divine Still watches ; hears, sustains, and succours all, With equal eye, beholding each that lives. If Heaven denies, oh ! let /lot men repine! Heav'n but denies to quicken duty's call, Or feigning to deny, more largely gives. LONDON, February 1 ML ALLY, in his second letter to his coiiftitu • ent», quotes the following remarks of a ihodern French author. " A nation, after having groaned un der the chains of for many centuries, whenever it is bold enough to attempt to break them, not withstanding all the absurd institutions that (lill inuft surround it, resembles a sick man, whole strength is extreamly weakened by long fufFerings, and whose vital spirits have been con sumed by inceflant fevers ; if he makes use of too violent or too many remedies at once, or def pelately takes it into his head to force nature, he dies the victim of his imprudence." An extraordinary miniature has been made of the King by Bowyer : inftpadof a crystal, there is a flat diamond over it, half an inch square ! Adam Smith's pliilofophical pen has been a long time silent, though not unemployed. This learn ed and fagncious politician is at length comii!g forward again with a work which he has been some years preparing for the press. It is chiefly a review of the political do«ftrines ofthe celebrat ed.Montesquieu, which tlie profound Caledonian has examined with such perspicuity, and refuted with fucli strength of argument, thatitisfaid the renowned fabric of L'Efprit des Loix is likely to be fliattered into ruins,orfto moulder in oblivion after so formidable an aftault. ' M. La Rive, the aiftor, who has performed the character of Bayard for many years with diftin gnHhed success, was presented by a defendantot Rayard with a golden chain, which that famous general used to wear ahout his neck. M. La Rive thought that a chain which belonged to man who acquired the title of Chevalier fans p lt ,r et fans r.-prvche, would be a proper present for M. de la Favetre, delivered it to him with the following address. 6 1) un ordre chcri des guerriers, Cette antique et simple parure Dans les combats ornoit l'arnmrc Dn plus brave des Chevaliers. Qui mieuxque vous, anroit des droits fur eile > Comme Bayard, " fans reprocheetfanspeur," Sage, valiant, a vos devoirs fidele Chaque jour vous obtient une gloire nouvelle it maigre les complots de l'envie en fureur Vous fortez des dangers toujours calme et vain queur. Letters j.ift received from Lisbon mention,that a large Alger,ne corsair of ,8 guns, and foil of rn 1 ' 7, aS n. h ? venn S Kock, the latter end of 1 ast month ; upon notice of which, a flout frigate and sloop of war were dispatched in quest of the rover, and the next day ca.neup with her ■ when, after a most obstinate and bloody contest of 4 hours and 40 minutes, they were obliged to lei off. Ihe frigate received a number of (hot between w.nd ami water, and was muchdamag edl ~, her upper works ; the sloop was alio in a Mattered condition, having h er rudder shot away and most of her fails torn to pieces : it is said the pirate had three parts of her crew killed or wounded : among the latter was their, fierce and danng leader Hkewife he, fails and rig J™ were so terribly mauled, and the (hip To nfuch crippled, that it is thought impoflible (he ever could reach Algiers. The robbers fought all the nZrl'T b,OOC,yfla g' n »d swore inceflkntly whil languages, they never would strike' while man or boy was left alive. The Portu' gnefe had near 100 killed, and a srrear rm™l VV :; n, ' dt 7 l ; most ° f the >" mortally as the balls which the p,rates fired from their small ™ were all chewed ; notwithllanding, tile Portu guefe fought with uncommon bravery throughout" .he „ d rrf jh.U. TI F EBRD ARY 12. •It,of cin-utei,,,. r ])e=b in s; chcate the extent of commerce, ve ,-aXJf theincreafe of the latter by coVpa '•l £ f ° wind, ;he : h,« „«£ 434 coin. By George I, 8,72>,921].fieri, were coined. In the longreign ofGeorge 11, 11,966,576!. and in the firft 24 years of his present majelty's rei<m the fuinscoined amounted to 33,082,2741. (terlinr, From Madrid we learn, that a Mr. Fitzgerald a member of the Parliament of Paris, being at dinner at the Duke de Crillon's house there, the fubjeift of France became the topic of converfati -011. Mr. Fitzgerald exprefled himfelf very warm ly in favour of the revolution, and imprudently fuffered some words to escape him, reflecting on the condud: of Count d'Artois. The Duke de Crillon could not permit fnch re flections to pass unnoticed, accordingly desired Mr. Fitzgerald to withdraw. Fearing that this mifimderftanding might create much noise with out doors, the Duke went immediately to the Prime- Minister's house, where he obtained an or der for the apprehension of Mr. Fitzgerald, who was fliortly after seized at chehouleof the Count Cabarras, and conduced to prison. It is intend ed that he fliall be escorted out of the kingdom immediately. On the thirteenth instant, the Emperor, attend ed by all t' e Nobility of the Court, publicly re ceived the Sacrament ; and in consequence ofhis Majesty's weak state, public prayers have been ordered to be made in all the churches ; and the Opera and Playhouses are Ihut. On the 20th of February, at fix in the morning, /lis Imperial Majesty Jol'eph 2d, Emperor of Ger many departed tliis lite. Fie died with the grea test firmnefs and coinpofure, perfectly retaining his senses to the lall moment. All good men will ever reverence the memory of this Prince,whofe various good qualities and ardent defile for the happinel's of his fubjeits,entitle him to the eftecm of mankind. Previous to his death he made the neceflary arrangements with regard to his success or, whole arri\al at Vienna was hourly expected at the time of the Emperor's death. Excepting this intelligence, the present inltant is rather bar ren ot great events. The cabinets however are very buly, the hour is pregnant with futurity, and the ulual events of ages.arc ready to built upon 11s in a moment. Particulars of the Death of JOSEPH lid. No sooner had his chief physician informed hi'" that his diflblution was near, than liegener oufly rewarded him for his attention, and fnnk nefs in telling him his real opinion.—On thefe venteenth he was informed that the arch dutchefs Elizabeth, whom he tenderly loved, was brought to bed. He seemed pleased at the news, but the information of her death upon th® day following affe<sled his spirits in a dangerous maimer, altho' conveyed to him with the greatest caution. Alto nWhed at the intelligence, he leaned his head up on his hands, and cried our—My Cod ! and ill yet live thy will be done !—He then remained for about ten minutes in a profound meditation.— .jeing, soon after told that his death was very near, lie alked for Prince JKaunitz and the two generals Laudohn and Lafcey. Stretchingouthis , a tender finile upon his countenance, n a _ to tllein —f r 'e»ds> it is all over with int. We n/Hjl tiowfeparate jor ever. To your care 1 recom mend my fuljells, my armies and my brother Leopold. e then ordered his will to be brought, in which he made a few alterations and additions, and c ' e " P utt 'ngit, with other papers, into the hands of Prince Kaunitz, could '■n tv/th less regret if he had been only fortunate e nough to have had more confidence in his (the Prin ce s) judgment.—lt was thoughtjhe hereby alluded to something that had pafibd between them in the beginmg of the Brabant troubles, when the Em peror excused him (elf to the Prince for not having made him acquainted with all his orders and plans, relative to a certain undertaking in that part of his dominions ; apologizing for his neg ei y o serving that he feared the Prince was too old to be troubled with so many minute parti -1 ai j S * old, answered the Princt but I would have your Majesty to know, that 1 .\° 11 ' S cr, ough to fee you without a crown, if ? • ! 111 utnre pursue such measures as you have l i(v'r r ' OC Emperor having taken his 1 j CWc . o^. about him, very calmly gave ; r , ,°" s 1 e ' :ltlve to his funeral, and particular- I•"' i £-!' e 7 to be fi' ven to his servants. A ' T.r , • ehe ex P' re d, he caused hiinfeif iiiit nn F 1 I" h ' S his boots and spurs P o.i, and other military array. His lass ftrug fhc!,h" t i7 r rf. bout * i ua " erofa " sentencef entence against the unfortunate Favras, lioht " Ce ? confll ,lie^' he was executed by torch n.nrnl, 01 mftant, at two o'clock in the the n-„1 ma kjngthe amende honorable & r s f" *the Cnthedra l of the Notre Dame, he Gi /ve 1 f7- execllt ioner to the Place de brimfW ru , I,T a ~ i ncn frock ' covered with r• a hel 011 his breast, inferibed, " Con hand and I'■ i j' ; , a flambeau in his to his if IS 5 a,UI ect naked Agreeable his k L -' e " there confefled his crimes, on his rv'" 'f" Pegging pardon of God 'and nary height' __a S a B allows of extraordi attended the " Uniber ol f P e^a tors March 3 ■;\
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