their politki—her own at present demand a mo nopoly oi iier attention and ingenuity ; but as far as J lie can make her Commerce with foreign na tions lublervient u> her interelt, found policy prompts the connection. The present government of the United States, defer vedly pofleHes .111 extenlive ibare of the con ■ulence of the people—it remains now for thole who are to adihinifter it, to complete that confi dence, by the purliiit of thoi'e which lliall tend to eitablifh. the belt iiuerelts of the na tion, 011 a permanent basis : and here let me in dulge the wish, that they would divelt themselves of those local prejudices, and partial or Itate views, which have already brought this country to the verge oi'ruin ; and fondly clieriffi national ideas, and national principles—which will alone les.d 10 the great objects for which they were conlli tuted.—No one will pretend to deny, that on a :irm and complete union, the future happinel's of Ala erica is Appended ; a fear to exercile, in a foil latitude, the powers veiled in the general government, may be attended with unfavorable consequences; ;-nd perhaps it were better those powers had never been deputed, than that they Ihould not be exercised when ne cellary—as the community will be proportiona lly disappointed, in not realizing those advanta ges, to obtain which they have expressly delega ted the beforementioncd authorities, and those defe<fts which result from the adininiftrition, will be fuppol'ed to ex ill in the principles of the fyft ein.—The full iinpreliions are coinmonlv "the molt pervious and lasting, and if timidity ihoald charaifterife the early proceedings of the nation al government, it will be difficult to determine, at what future period the proper cnevgv and ne ceilary decilion, appertaining to all good govern ments,. will commence, and it would evidently bespeak a diffidence in oUr rulers of the recftitude and propriety of that inflitutioii, which we have looKed to as our ark of fafetyj tenacious of the opportunity ; faction would be likely to rear its hydra head, and once more hope for a riotous display of its These are among the many evils which might ariie to deftroyour pro mifed happiness at home—but here they do not end.—Will not our boalled of refpeclability and importance,with the reft of the world, vanhh ? and will not foreign nations beyetfearful of en tering into any negotiations wiih us ; neceflarily diftruiting our refpr,ifibi!ity, while they find ns incompetent toonrinternal government? A wish to disclose the evils which inult result from an inefficient administration—rather than tlie ex pectation of feeing them realized, has led to the foregoing observations. AMERICAN IjS. — be j> —- — KXTRACT FROM " AMLRiCAM ESSAYS." On CfIMMERC E. [Coutiriuiition.] AN extenlive and flcruriihing Commerce, will alio, sooner or later, beget colonization, and there tore naturally induces l'ome observations on that subject, in which, from its intimate and impor tant connection with commerce, jhe United States cannot but consider themselves deeply interested. The Co/onL-s of federal of the now European kingdoms, may be fairly allowed at this day, to be the almost sole support of their commerce, and the 1110 ft certain, and most fruit ful, if not the only source, of their riches and lirength,: Some of then-are so largely indebted to their foreign dominions, for their present power, riches, and consequence, that no other fatisfadtory caiafe, or reason, can be assigned, or conceived, why they have not long ere now, become the most infignificaHt p-ovinces of their more powerful neighbours. The whole amount of the customs in England, even so late as in the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth, did not exceed the sum of 40,0001. per annum, sterling Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal, supplied the Englilh with every luxury, and with almost every neceflary manufacture ; and the Venetians and Genoese, with Ealt-India goods, at an im inenfe price ; the legal interest of money was 10 per cent.—and when compared with foine other .European States, whom they now hold in con tempt, the English may be said, with refpedt to niany improvements, to have been at that era in a state of infancy or barbarity ; but as soon as rhey became sensible of the importance of Colo nies, and wifely turned their attention to efta blilh and encourage them, they began, from that ]«eriod, to emerge from obfeurity, and rapidly to increase in riches and power, till they rivalled every nation 011 the globe, in maritime strength. extent of commerce, and arietv and perfection of ruamifadhtres; and London is now irtftly con ihleted, tin world's great v/art; and though some of the British Colonies owe their origin to the folly, or frenzy, and were peopled against the will of the mother country, yet they were no sooner ellablilhcd, than they became a ccnftant lource of her riches, and increase of power: If if ihould be asked, why the Englilh have so soon : ivalled those nations, who were not only pof iefled of, but greatly enriched by their Colonies, before those of the Briti/h were planted; I an- Iwer—that om probable, ar.d perhaps principal cause, tliat may be alligned, appears to me tee be the prevailing religion of that country, -which circuniitance alone, indisputably gives them many temporal advantages over thole countries profeffing tlie Roman Catholic religion,, where religious duties engross a larger (hare of the peo ple's time : it lias even been oblerved, by the li beral profellors of that religion, that frequent avocations, and holy-days, naturally lead to idle habits, and an averfioii to labour, very percep tible in all Roman Catholic countiies. Jn foine ot" the Cantons of Switzerland, nature has been rather sparing of her favors to the foil; yet whei e the inhabitants are principally Calvinilts, it has been oblerved, that trade, agriculture, and ma nufactures, flourilh much more than in those that are chiefly inhabited by Roman Catholics, even where nature has been far more bountiful. —Vaiious are the chronological accounts of ancient times and nations ; and though it is here of 110 great importance to be very accurate wifih relpect to dates, yet it may be fairly allowed, that nine hundred years at least hrye rolled away, since Scotland was united under one Monarch ; which long period had produced'no material commer cial improvements, or incfeale of wealth, or power, in that covntry, till a few years iince, not far exceeding half a century, when the Scotch wifelj oegau to pi ofit of :'ieir union with Eng land, by a pavticipation in the commerce wiili the Britiih Colonies : From this memorable epoch, the increase of their trade and manufactures has been so aftonilbingly great and rapid, that they are now become of vail importance to the com mercial world, and have excited luch a national spirit of agricultural improvements, that vail tradts of barren country, which for time imme morial had remained totally ulelels, being deem ed incapable of cultivation, have, by the help of art, indulhy, and increase of wealth, the fruits of commerce, been- transformed into fruitfulfields-; and where, u Far as the eve coti!d r. aeh, no tree was seen " Earth, eled in ruiret, fewU'd tht lively green." Villa s, and villages, and Groves, are lpread ; and roly health, anil jocund plenty reign, where meagre famine, for ages, held her solitary court, and leenied to claim a natural and exclusive rigfit. E. c.. (To be continued.) i 4 SCANDAL FROM HAY LEY. Scandal, a restless fiend, who never kuow , The balmy blefling ot ar> hour's repose, v Worn, yetunfatcd with her daily toil, In hir kale work*T:onfumes thejn id night oil. O'er fiercer fiends when heavy {lumbers creep, Wheu wearied avarice and ambition sleep, Scaadal is vigilant, and keen to ipread The plagues that.fpring.from her prolific head. On Truth's fair bails Ihe her falfehood builds, With tinsel lent indent its furface gilds ; To nightly labour from their dark abodes The demons of the groaning press she goads, And smiles to fee their rapid art fuppiy 'Srn thousand winq* to every infant lie. SKLThH of tkULEt.DINui, of CONGRESS. In the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES of tht UNITED STATES. Wednesday, May 21, 1789. AGREEABLY to the order of the day,the House went into a committee of the whole 011 the ton nage bill. It was moved by Mr. Thatche r , that the enaift ing clause, " The Congress of the United States" (hould be struck out—and "The Senate and House of Representatives ofthe UnitedStates,in Cono- re fs aflembled" substituted.—This motion after some discussion was lolt. A mellage was received from the Senate, inform ing, that they had appointed a committee to join with a committee ofthe House, to determine and report a mode of receiving meflages from The President. A motion was made to insert in the Tonnage Bill a clause, by which all veflels, not built in the United States, which may become the property ol the citizens thereof, shall be fubjedl to an impolt of 50 cents :—This palled in the affirmative. Amotion was made to limit the duration of this bill, which was debated and finally loft. A clause was added,providing ior its commence ment the 15th of June, next. Mr. Fitzsim on s, from the committee appoint ed to bring in a bill tor the ceL'effion ofthe Reve nue, reported a d 1 aught, which was read for the firft time. Adjturued. Thvrsday, May 28. Mr. Scott moved, that the House now resolve itfelf into acommirtee of the whole on the state of the Union—to take into consideration thefubjetfi ot the Land Office—when, he oblerved. he fliould submit certain refblutions to the consideration of the committee. Several memWrs observing that this motion woukl mreiiere-w id* the Order of the day, and might, initsuif'cuifion, fupej-cede other im<H>u. i buhnefs immediately before the House the Oi der of the day was called tor, anil taken up, ev reading the 'J onnage Bill,with thefevei'alai,,enu nients and alterations agreed to in committee tliefe alterations were adopted by the lioufe and the bill ordered to be engrolled,for a third readiii. The Houle then resolved itfelf into a committee oftlie whole, on che motion of Mr. Scott. Mr. Scot r o'olerved, that the itate of the Fe deral Treal'ury was such, as made it necellary] that lomething lhould speedily be done with reined to, difbofing of the Western Territory: The ltate of a certain contradtfor averylarge l'ale, through, the incompleteness of thelurveys, ami odier cau ses, by which payment had been delayed of a million of dollars into the public ciiell, while the interest on so much of the debt was accumulating was another reason for foine immediate lteps be ing taken with regard to that property.—Jt was rendered necellary by the nature of the plans, which had been adopted in the faies heretofore made—Thole lands had been difpo'fed of in too large quantities—to the greatly impeding their letclement:—This had operated to discourage great numbers who had moved off, towards trie VVeftern Waters—Upwards of 7000 fouls, except relieved by some favorable regulations,-\vliku lliould prevent the engroiiingfuchiinmenfetr.au by individuals, would ihordy be 101 l to the Unite;; States—They will either throw themlelves intu the Spanilh government, and become their fub jeiTts—or they will combine,' and give theinfelves. poflcflion of that territory ( which they are now willing to purchnle) and defend themlelves in it agi'inlt the power of the union. Mr. Scot r further informed the House, that overtures had been made to tliefe people by other powers, to his certain knowledge, and great en couragement proniifed, provided they would put themlelves under their jurifdidtion : This, he conceived, would be a very unhappy circumltance tor the United States : Such enemies in the heart □f our country, would be more dangerous than any foreign power :—All these embarrassments, and difficulties arise from their not being able to purchase lands in (mall quantities : It never could > be the intention of Congress, that this Ihould be the cale : Million acre purchasers are but few— and the present mode,if adhered to,will be attend ed with fatal consequences : Congress now has it in their power to obviate every difficulty: These people alk their protection: They will, if pro tected and encouraged, be obedient and loyal fub jedts—they wiih for a Constitution, Laws, and Government ; but if negledted, they will be 101 l to the States.— fhcfe things plainly point out the. necessity cf a new arrangement, and of eitablifli ing a Land Qffice in that country —for it will be impoflible for the people in thole remote regions to travel agreat diltance to transact their buluiefe- Scott then read a refolutiontothis effect. 1 hat it is the sense of this committee that an ac of Congress ought to pass, eltablilhingand regu lating a LAND OFFICE, forthe sale of vacant and unappropriated lands in the Western Territory, 1 his was followed by several others, exhibiting the outlines of a Bili for thepu rpofe. Mr. Boudinot objedted to the resolve, so far as it confined the idea to the institution of a Land- Office—he moved, therefore, that the words ' Land-Office" be struck out—that the committee might take up the business upon the moll exten live scale He oblervecl, that limiting tliem to tins fnnple idea, might interfere with former ar langements, which it would be extremely diffi cult to alter the eflablifhiritent also of such an office, may be rendered entirely fuperfhious, in as much as the conducting of this bulxnefs, might with the utinoft propriety come under the cog nizance of one of the three great departments, al ready ellabliihed. Mr. Vining fnpported the idea of a Land- Office; and adverting to the ob'fervations.which, had fallen from Mr. Scott, said, that it appeared to hiin, that the exigencies of the cafe were such as would admit of no delay : That such an insti tution was highly necellary—and the only one that held out a profpecft of seasonable and ade quate relief. Mr. Cl. ym e r observed, that the fubjedt before the committee was very intricate and extensive— that it would require a very elaborate difcuflion to i.iiin a competent system— much more so, than the committee was then prepared to invelligate — Y e ~ the propriety of taking meafui es to dupofe ol the lands in finall quantities, as it would interfere with the sales already made un lei the ordinances of Congress.—He moved, therefore, that the committee should rife.—The motion for riling was seconded. Mr. Madison obfcrved, that he was not op posed to the riling of the committee, but rather m favor of it, that time might be given to ob tain more accurate information; but as,Mr, scott had given the committee very important intelligence, which no doubt refpedted fadts, and of a very serious import, he fnggelted the pro pi lety of paying the earliest attention to the bu linefs. The committee then rose—and the Speaker res umed the chair.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers