THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1870. THE JESUS OF HISTORY. Concluded from ycuh rday. II. Concerning the time and place of the birth of Jesus, we know next to nothing. Accord ing to uniform tradition, based upon a state ment of the third gospel, he wan about 30 years of age at the time when he began teach ing. The same gospel states, with elaborate Srecision, that the public career of John the aptist began in the fifteenth year of Ti berius, or A. D. 28. In the winter of A. D. 35-3(1, Pontius Pilatelwaa recalled from Jadea, Bo that the crucifixion could not have taken place later than in the spring of 3.r. Than we have a period of about six years during which the ministry of Jeans must have boguu and ended; and if the tradition with respect to his age be trustworthy, we shall not be far out of the way in supposing him to have boon born somewhere bet ween 13. C. " and A. 1). 5. lie is everywhere alluded to in the gospels as Jesus of Nazareth in Galilee, where lived also bis father, mother, brothers, and sisters, and where very likely he was born. His parents' names are said so have been Joseph and Mary. Ilis own name is a Ilellenized form of Joshua, a name very common among the Jews. According to the first gospel (xiii, ""), be had four brothers Joseph and Simon; James, who was afterwards one of the head of the church at Jerusalem, and the most for midable enemy of Paul; and Judas or Judo, w ho is perhaps the author of the anti-Pauline epistle commonly ascribed to him. Of the early youth of Jesus, and of the circumstances which guided his intellectual development, we know absolutely nothing, nor have we the data requisite for forming any plausible hypothesis. He first appears in history about A. D. 2!) or 30, in connec tion with a very remarkable person whom the third evangelist describes as his cousin, and who Beems, from his mode of life, to havo been in Borne way connected with or influ enced by the Hellenizing se3t of Essenes. Here we obtain our first clue to guide us in forming a consecutive theory of the devel opment of Jesus' opinions. The sect of Essenes took its rise in the time of Maccabees, about B. O. 170. Upon the fundamental doctrines of Judaism it had engrafted many Pythagorean notions, and was doubtless in the time of Jesus instrumental in spreading Greek ideas among the people of Galilee, where Judaism was for from being so narrow and rigid as at Jerusalem. The Essenes attached but little importance to the Messianic expectations of the Pharisees, and mingled scarcely at all in national politics. They lived for the most part a strictly ascetio life, being indeed the legitimate predecessors of the early Christian hermits and monks. Hut while pre-eminent for sanctity of life, they heaped ridicule upon the entire sacrifi cial service of the temple, despised the Pnari eees as hypocrites, and insisted upon charity towards all men instead of the old Jewish ex clnsiveness. It was once a favorite theory that both John the Baptist and Jesus were members of the Essenian brotherhood; but that theory is now generally abandoned. Whatever may have been the case with John, who is said to have lived like an anchorite in the desert, there seems to have been but little practical Esseniam in Jesus, who is almost uuifornily represented as cheerful and social in de meanor, and against whom it was expressly nrged that he came eating and drinking, making no pretence of puritanical holiness. He was neither a puritan, like the Essenes, nor a ritualist, like the Pharisees. Besides which, both John and Jesus seem to have be gun their careers by preaching the un-Essene doctrine of the speedy advent of the "king dom of heaven," by which is meant the reign of the Messiah upon the earth. Nevertheless, though we cannot regard Jesas as actually a member of the Essenian community or sect, we can hardly avoid the conclusion that he, as well as John the Baptist, ha4 been at some time strongly influence Jry Essenian doc trines. The spiritualized conception of the "kingdom of heaven" proclaimed by him was just what would naturally and logically arise from a remodeling of the Messianio theories of the Pharisees in conformity to advanced Essenian notions. It seema highly proba ble that some such refined conception of the functions of the Messiah was reached by John, who, stigmatizing the Pharisees and Sadducees as a "generation of vipers," called aloud to the people to repent of their sins, in iew of the speedy advent of the Messiah, and to testify to their repentance by submit ting to the Essenian rite of baptism. There is no positive evidence that Jesus was ever a discipJo of John; yet the account of the bap tism, in spite of the legendary character of its details, seems to rest upon a historical basis; and perhaps the most plausible hypo thesis which can be framed is, that Jesus received baptism at John's hands, became for a while his disoiple, and acquired from him a knowledge of Essenian doctrines. The career of John seems to have been very brief. His stern pnritanism brought him soon into disgrace with the Government of Galilee. He was seized by Herod, thrown into prison, and beheaded. After the brief hints given as to the intercourse between Jesus and John, we next hear of Jesus alone in the desert, where, like Sakyamuni and Mahomet, he may have brooded in solitude over his great project. Yet we do not find that he had as yet formed any distinot idea of bis own Messiahship. The total negleot of chronology by our authorities renders it im possible to trace the development of his thoughts step by step; bnt for some time after John's disaster, we tfnd him calling on the people to repent, in view of the speedy ap proach of the Messiah, speaking with great and commanding personal authority, bat using no language that would indicate that he was striving to do more than worthily fill the place and add to the good work of his late master. The Sermon on the Mount, which the first gospel inserts in this place, was probably never spoken as a con tinuous discourse; bnt it no doubt for the most part contains the very words of Jesus and represents the general Bpirit of his teach ing during this earlier portion of his career. In this is contained nearly all that has made Christianity so powerful in the domain of ethics. If all the rest of the Gospel were taken away, or destroyed in the night of uome future barbarian invasion, we should ft till here possess the secret of the wonderful impression which Jesus made npon those who heard him speak. Added to the Essenian scorn of Pharisaic formalism, and the spirit, nalized conception of the Messianio kiugdoin, which Jesus may probably have shared with John the Baptist, we have here for the first time the distinctively Christian conoaption of the fatherhood of God and the brother hood of men, which ultimately insured the success of the new religion. The special joint of originality iu Jesm wh Lis conception of Deity. As Strauss well Fays, "he conceived of God, in a moral poiut t f view, es being identical in character with himself in the most exalted moments of his religions life, and strengthened in turn his own i elisions life by this ideal. But the most ex- alted religious tendency in his own conscious ness was exactly that comprehensive love, overpowering the evil only by the good, and which he therefore transferred to God as the fnncamental tendency of his nature.' From this conception of God, observes Zeller, flowed naturally all the moral teaching of Jesus; the insistance upon spiritual righteous ness instead of the mere meohaaical ob servance of Mosaio precepts; the oall to be perfect even as the Father is perfect; the principle of the spiritual equality of men before God, and the equal duties of all men toward each other. How far, in addition to these vitally im portant lessons, Jesus may have taught doc trines of an ephemeral or visionary character, it is very difficult to decide. We are inclined to regard the third gospel as of some import tance in settling this point. The author of that gospel represents Jesus as decidedly hos tile to the rich. Where Matthew has "Blessed are the poor in spirit," Luke has "Blessed are ye poor." In the first gospel we read, "Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness, for they will be filled;" but in the third gospel we find, "Blessed are ye that hunger now, for ye will be filled;" and this assurance is immediately foil. 1 s7 the de nunciation, "Wo to you th mo ri:h, for ye have received your consc.au ja ! Woe to you that are full now, for ye will hunger." The parable of Dives and Lazarus illust rates o m- cretely this view of the case, which is slill further corroborated by the account, given in both the first and the third gospels, of the young man who came to seek everlasting life. Jesus here maintains that righteous ness is insufficient unless voluntary poverty be superadded. Though the young man has strictly fulfilled the greatest of the command ments to love his neighbor as himself he is required, as a needful proof of his sin cerity, to distribute all his vast possessions among the poor. And when ho naturally manifests a reluctance to perform so super fluous a sacrifice, Jesus observes that it will be easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to share in the glories of the anticipated Messianio kingdom. It is difficult to escape the conclusion that we have here a very primitive and probably au thentic tradition, and when we remember the importance which, acoording to the "Acts," the earliest disciples attached to the principle of communism, as illustrated in the legend of Ananias and Sapphira, we must admit strong reasons for believing that Jesua himself held views which tended towards the abolition of private property. On this point the testimony of the third evangelist singly is of considerable weight, since, at the time when he wrote, the communistic theories of the first generation of Christians had been generally abandoned, and in the absence of any dogmatic motives, he could only have inserted these particular tradi tions because he believed them to possess historical value. But we are not dependent on the third gospel alone. The story just cited is attested by both our authorities, and is in perfect keeping with the general views of Jesus as reported by the first evangelist. Thus his discipies are enjoined to leave all and follow him; to take no thought for the morrow; to think no more of laying up trea sures on the earth, for in the Messianio kingdom they shall have treasures in abund ance, which can neither be wasted nor stolen. On making their journeys they are to provide neither . money, nor clothes, nor food, but are to live at the expense of those whom they visit; and if any town refuse to harbor them, the Mes siah, on his arrival, will deal with that town more severely than Jehovah dealt with the cities of the plain. Indeed, since the end of the world was to come before the end of the generation then living (Matt, xxiv, 34; 1 Cor. xv, 51-f(5; vii, 2!)), there could be no need for acquiring property or making arrange ments for the future; even marriage became unnecessary. These teachings of Jesus have a marked Essenian character, as well as his declaration that in the Messianio kingdom there was to be no more marriage, perhaps no distinction of sex f Matt, xxii, 30). The sect of Ebionites, who represented the earli est doctrine and practice of Christianity be fore it had been modified by Paul, differed from the Essenes in no essential respect save in the acknowledgment of Jesus as the Mes siah, and the expectation of his speedy return to the earth. How long, or with what success, Jesua con tinued to preach the coming of the Messiah in Galilee, it is impossible to conjecture. His fellow-townsmen of Nazareth appear to have ridiculed him in his prophetical capacity; or, if we may trust the third evangelist, to have arisen against him with indignation, and made an attempt upon his life. To them he was but a carpenter, the son of a carpen ter (Matt, xiii, 5.5; Mark vi, 3), who told them disagreeable truths. Our author represents his teaching in Galilee to have produced but little result, but the Gospel narratives afford no definite date for deciding this point. We believe the most probable conclasion to be that Jesus did attract many followers, and became famous throughout Galilee, for Herod is said to have regarded him as John the Baptist risen from the grave. To escape the malice of Herod, Jesus then re tired to Syro-Phoenicia, and daring this eventful journey the consciousness of his own Messiahship seems for the first time to have distinctly dawned upon him (Matt, xiv, 1-13; xv, 21; xvi, 13-20). Already, it appears, speculations were rife as to the character of this wonderful preacher. Some thought he was J ahn the Baptist, or perhaps one of the prophets of the Assyrian period returned to the earth. Some, in accordance with a generally-received tradition, supposed him to be Elijah, who had never seen death, and had now at last returned from the regions above the fimanent to announce the coming of the Messiah in the clouds. It was generally ad mitted, among enthusiastic hearers, that he who spake as never man spake before must have Boine divine commission to execute. These speculations, coming to the ears of Jesus during his preaching in Galilee, could not fail to excite in him a train of self-conscious reflections. To him also must have been presented the query as to his own proper character and functions; and, as our author acutely demonstrates, hia only choice lay between a profitless life of exile in Syro-Phoenicia, and a bold return to Jewish territory in some pronounced character. The problem being thus propounded, there could hardly be a doubt as to what that charaoter Bhouldbe. Jesus knew well that he was not John the Baptist; nor, however completely he may have been dominated by his sublime enthusiasm, was it likely that he could mis take himself for an ancient prophet arisen from the lower world of shades, or for Elijah descended from the sky. But the Messiah himself he might well be. Such, indeed, was the almost inevitable corollary from his own conception of the Messiahship. We have seen that he had, probably from the very outset, discarded the traditional notion of a political Messiah; and recognized the truth that the happiness of a people lies not so much in political antomony as in the love of God and the sincere practice of righteousness. The people were to be freed from the bondage of sin, of mean ingless formalism, of consecrated hypocrisy a bondage more degrading than the payment of tribute to the Emperor. The true busi ness of the Messiah, then, was to deliver his eople from the former bondage; it might be eft to Jehovah, in his own good time, to deliver them from the latter. Holding these views, it was hardly possible that it should not sooner or latter ocour to Jesus that he himself was the person destined to discharge this glorious function, to liberate his coun trymen from the thraldom of Pharisaic ritual ism, and to inaugurate the real Messianio kingdom of spiritual righteousness. Had he not already preached the advent of this spiritual kingdom and beon instrumental in raising many to loftier conceptions of duty and to a higher and purer life? And might he not now, by a grand attack upon Pharisaism in its central strong hold, destroy its prestige in the eyes of the feople, and cause Israel to adopt a nobler re igious and ethical doctrine? The temerity of such a purpose detracts nothing from its sublimity. And if that purpose should be accomplished Jesus would really have per formed the legitimate work of the Messiah. Thus, from his own point of view, Jesus was thoroughly consistent and rational in an nouncing himself as the expected deliverer; and in the eyes of the impartial historian his course is fully justified. "From that time," says the first evangelist, "Jesus began to show to his disciples that he must go to Jeru salem and suffer many things from the elders, and chief priests, and scribes, and be put to death, and rise again on the third day." Here we have, obviously, the knowledge of the writer, after the event, reflected back and at tributed to Jesus. It is, of course, impos sible that Jesus should have predicted with such definiteness his approaching death; nor is it very likely that he entertained any hope of being raised from the grave "on the third day." To a man in that age and country, the conception of a return from the lower world of shades was not a difficult one to frame; and it may well be that Jesus' sense of his own exalted position was sufficiently great to inspire him with the confidence that, even in case of temporary failure, Jehovah would rescue him fro n the grave and send him back with larger powers to carry out the purpose of his mission. But the difficulty of distinguishing between his own words and the interpretation put upon them by his dis ciples beoomes here insuperable; and there will always be room for the hypothesis that Jesus had in view no posthumous career of his own, but only expressed his unshaken confidence in the success of his enterprise, even after and in spite of his death. At all eveats, the possibility of his death must now have been often in his mind. He was undertaking a well-nigh desperate task to overthrow the Pharisees in Jerusalem itself. No other alternative was left him. And here we believe Mr. F. W. Newman to be singu larly at fault in pronouncing this attempt of Jesus upon Jerusalem a "foolhardy" attempt. According to Mr. Newman, no man has any business to rush upon certain death, and it is only a crazy lunatio who will do so. But such "glittering generalizations" will here help us but little. The historic data show that to go to Jerusalem, even at the risk of death, was absolutely necessary to the realiza tion of Jesus, Messianio project. Mr. New man certainly would not have had him drag out an inglorious and baffied existence in Syro-Phoenicia. If the Messiania kingdom was to be fairly inaugurated, there was work to be done in Jerusalem, and Jesus must go there as one in authority, cost what it might. We believe him to have gone there in aispirit of grand and careless bravery, yet seriously and soberly and under the influence of no fanatical delusion. He knew the risks, but deliberately chose to incur them, that the will of Jehovah might be accomplished. We next hear of Jesus travelling down to Jerusalem by way of Jericho, and entering the sacred city in his character of Messiah, attended by a great multitude. It was near the time of the Passover, when people from all parts of Galilee and Judea were Bure to be at Jerusalem, and the nature of his reception seems to indicate that he had already secured a considerable number of followers upon whose assistance he might hope to rely, though it nowhere appears that he intended to use other than purely moral weapons to insure a favorable reception. We must re member that for half a century many of the Jewish people had been constantly looking for the arrival of the Messiah, and there can be little doubt that the entry of Jesus riding upon an ass in literal fulfilment of prophecy must have wrought powerfully upon the ima gination of the multitude. That the believers in him were very numerous must be inferred from the cautious, not to say timid, behavior of the rulers at Jerusalem, who are represented as desiring to arrest him, but as deterred from taking active steps through fear of the people. We are led to the same conclusion by his driving the money-changers out of the temple an act upon which he could hardly have ventured, had not the popular enthusiasm in his favor been for the moment overwhelming. But the enthusiasm of a mob is short-lived, and needs to be fed upon the excitement of brilliant and dramatically arranged events. The calm preacher of righteousness, or even the fiery denouncer of the Scribes and Pha risees, could not hope to retain undiminished authority save by the display of extraordinary lowers to which, so far as we know, Jesus, ike Mahomet, made no pretense. (Matthew xvi. 1-4.) The ignorant and materialistic populace could not understand the exalted conception of Messiahship which had been formed by Jesus, and as day after day elapsed without the appearance of any marvellous sign from Jehovah, their enthusi asm must naturally have cooled down. Then the Pharisees appear cautiously endeavoring to entrap him into admissions which might render him obnoxious to the lioman Gover nor. He saw through their design, however, and foiled them by the magnificent repartee, "Bender unto Cwsar the things that are Cupar's and unto God the things that are God's." Nothing could more forcibly illus trate the non-political character of his Messi anio doctrines. Nevertheless, we are told that, failing in this attempt, the chief priests suborned false witnesses to testify against him; this Sabbath-breaker, this deriier of Mosaio formalism, who with his Mes-iianio pretensions excited the people against their hereditary teachers, must at all events be put out of the way. Jesus must suffer the fate which society has too often had in store for the reformer the fate which Socrates and Savonarola, Vanini and Bruno have suffered for being wiser than their own generation. Messianio adventurers had already given much trouble to the ltoman authorities, who were not likely, to scrutinize critioally the peculiar claims of Jesus. And when the chief priests accused bim before Pilate of professing to be "King of the Jews," this claim could in Roman apprehension bear but one interpretation. The offense was treason, punishable, save in the case of ltoman citi zens, by crucifixion. Such in its main outlines is the historio career of Jesus, as constructed by our author from data furnished chiefly by the firat gas pel. Connected with the narrative there are many interesting topics of discnsRion, of which our rapidly diminishing space will allow us to select only one for comment. That one is perhnps the most important of all, namely, the question as to how far Jesus anticipated the views of Taul in admitting Gentiles to share' in the privileges of the Messianio king dom. Our author argues, with much force, that the designs of Jesus were entirely con fined to the Jewish people, and that it was Paul who first, by admitting Gentiles to the Christian fold without requiring them to live like Jews, gave to Christianity the character of a universal religion. Our author reminds us that the third gospel is not to be depended upon in determining this point, since it mani festly puts Pauline Bentiments into the mouth of Jesus, and in particular attributes to Jesus an acquaintance with heretical Samaria which the first gospel disclaims. He argues that the apostles were in every respect Jews, save in the belief that Jesus was the Messiah; and he pertinently asks, if James, who was the bro ther of Jesus, and Peter and John, who wore his nearest friends, unanimously opposed Paul and stigmatized him as a liar and heretic, is it at all likely that Jesus had ever distinctly sanctioned such views as Paul maintained ? In the course of many years' reflection upon this point, we have several times been inclined to accept the narrow interpretation of Jesus' teaching here indicated; yet, on the whole, we do not believe it can ever be con clusively established. In the first place, it must be remembered that if the third gospel throws a Pauline coloring over the events whioh it describes, the first gospel also shows a decidedly anti-Pauline bias, and the one party was as likely as the other to attribute its own views to Jesus himself. One striking instance of this tendency has been pointed out by Strauss, who has shown that the verses Matthew v, 17-20, are an interpola tion. The person who teaches men to break the commandments is undoubtedly Paul, and in order to furnish a text against Paul's followers, the "Nicolaitans," Jesus is made to declare that he came not to destroy one tittle of the law, but to fulhi the whole in every particular. Such an utterance is in manifest contradiction to the Bpirit of Jesus; teaching, as shown in the very same cnapter, and throughout a great Eart of the same gospel. He who taught in is own name and not as the scribes, who proclaimed himself Lord over the Sabbath. and who manifested from first to last a more than Essenian contempt for rites and cere monies, did not come to fulfil the law of Mosaism, but to supersede it. Nor can any interest adverse to this conclusion be drawn from the injunction to the disciples ("Matt. x. 5-7), not to preach to Gentiles and Samari tans, but only "to the lost sheep ol tlie house of Israel; ' for this remark is placed before the beginning oi u eaus iuessianio career, and tne reason assigned for the restriction is merely that the disciples will not have time even to preach to all the Jews before the coming of the Messiah, whose approach Jesus was an nouncing. (Matt. x. 23.) These, examples show that we must use caution in weighing the testimony even of me ursi wospei, ana must not too nastily cite it as proof that Jcbus supposed his mission to be restricted to the Jews. When we come to consider what happened a few years after me ueaia oi jesus, we snail be still less ready to insist upon the view defended by our anonymous author. Paul, according to his own coniesBion, persecuted tne Christians unto death. Now what, in the theories or in the practice of the Jewish disciples of Christ, could have moved Paul to Buch fanatio beha vior? Certainly not their spiritual internra- tation of Mosaism, for Paul himself belonged to the liberal school of Gamaliel, to the views of which the teachings and practices of i eier, o ames, anu jonn mignt easily be ac commodated. Probably not their belief in Jesus as the Messiah, for at the riot in which Stephen was murdered and all the Hellenist disciples driven from Jerusalem, the Jewish disciples were allowed to remain in the city unmolested. (See Acts viii, 1, 14.) This marked difference of treatment indi cates that Paul regarded Stephen and his friends as deoidedly more heretical and ob noxious than Peter, James, and John, whom, indeed," Paul's own master, Gamaliel, had re cently (Acts v, 34) defended before the coun cil. And this inference is fully confirmed by the account of Stephen's death, where his murderers charge him with maintaining that Jesus had founded a new religion, which was destined entirely to supersede and replaoe Judaism. (Acts vi, 14.) The Petrine disci ples never held this view of the mission of Jesus; and to this difference it is undoubtedly owing that Paul and his companions forbore to disturb them. . It would thus appear that even previous to Paul's conversion, within five or six years after the death of Jesus, there was a prominent party among the disciples which held that the new religion was not a modification but au abrogation of Judaism; and their nama, "Hellenists," sufficiently shows either that there were Gentiles among them or that they held fellowship with Gentiles. It was this which aroused Paul to persecution, and upon his sudden conversion it was with these Hel lenistic doctrines that he fraternized, taking little heed of the Petrine disciples (Galatiaus i, 15), who were hardly more than a Jewish sect. Now the existence of these Hellenists at Jerusalem so soon after the death of Jesus is clear proof that he had never distinctly and irrevocably pronounoed against the admission of Gentiles to the Messianio kingdom, and makes it very probable that the downfall of Mosaism as a result of his preaching was by no means unpremeditated, while, on the other hand, the obstinacy of the Petrine party in adhering to Jewish customs shows equally that Jesus could not have unequivocally committed himself in favor of a new Gospel for the Gentiles. Probably Jesus was seldom brought into direct contact with others than Jews, so that the questions con cerning the admission of Gentile converts did not come up during his lifetime; and thus the way was left open for the controversy which soon broke out between the Petrine party and Paul. Nevertheless, though Jesus may never have definitely pronounced upon this joint, it will hardly be denied that his teach ing, even as repoited in the first gospel, in its utter condemnation of formalism is far more closely allied to the Pauline than to the Petrine doctrine. In his hands Mosaism be came spiritualized until it really lost its identity, and was transformed into a code fit for the whole ltoman world. And we do not doubt that if any one had asked Jesus whether circumcision w8re an essential prerequisite for admission to the Messianio kingdom, he would have given the same anBwer which Paul afterwards gave. We agree with Zeller and Strauss that, "as Luther was a more liberal spirit than the Lutheran divines of the succeeding genera tions, and Socrates a more profound thinker than Xenophon or Antisthenes, so also Jesus must be credited with having raised himself far higher above the narrow prejudices of his nation than those of his disciples who could scarcely understand the spread of Christianity among the heathen when it had become an accomplished fact." EDUCATIONAL. J 1J IB Y ACADEMY FOR 10UNQ MEN AND BOYS, No. 1418 LOGFST Street. EDWARD CLARENCB SMITH, A. M., Principal This Select School win enter upon Its sixth year completely reotganlzed. Rooms unproved, and refitted witti handsome far. nllure, 1. Pupils prepared for business life. Thorough course in the English Branches and Mathematics. 5. Pupils prepared for high standing In College. 8. Special Instructors In French, German, Draw Ing. Penmanship, Elocution, BooK-keeping, Natural Science. ' 4. A carefully organized Primary Department. 6. Special leatures an unsurpassed locality, spacious and well-ventilated rooms, wltti high ceil ings, a retired play ground. Next session begins September 12. Circulars at No. 141S LOCUST St. Applications received dally. Testimonial from lion. William Strong, U. 8. Su preme Court. Pnii.APEL"HiA, June 15, 1ST0. During the last two years ni? son ha been an at tendant of the school of Mr. Edward Ciarence Snoltli, known as Rugby Academy. 1 can unqualifiedly commend Mr. tml'h to those who havo Hons to be educated, as a superior lnt-truolor, devoted to hlg work, kind and firm in his management of his pupils, and in all respects qu aimed for success in his pro fession. 813 W. BTRONQ. CARL OAERTNER'S NATIONAL CONSERVA TORY OF MUSIC, 8. K corner TKNT1I and WALNUT Streets, is now open for the Fourth Sea son for the reception of pupils. Instruction is given by a stair of the best I'rolessors iu tUo city in the following branches: Vocal Music, riano, Violin, Viola, Violoncello, Contra Bass, Theory of llarmnnv, Grand organ (or Church Organ), Cabinet Organ," Melodeon, Flute, Clarionet, Oboe, Bassoon, Horn, Cornet. Trombone, Harp, Guitar, etc., etc., and In the Italian, German, French, and Spanish Languages. For particulars see circulars to be had at the Ofllce of the Conservatory and In the Music Stores. The Director of the Conservatory takes this oppor tunity to express his sincere gratification at the suc cess which has attended his efforts to establish tats Institution In Philadelphia on a permanent basis and with the proBpect of continued prosperity. He would likewise declare his gratitude to the many kind friends among the students and else where, whose Interest In the cause of thorough in struction in the art and science of mustc has as sisted so materially in bringing the Conservatory to its present state of usefulness. He can only promise in return that his devotion to the object of raising the Institution under his care to a high place among the great Music Schools of the world shall tie as it has been the controlling CARL QAERTNER. 0121m Director and Proprietor. TT y. i.Aiiimun veil's -I.X. ACADEMY FOR YOU NO MEN AND BOYS. ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS, No. 108 bouth TENTH Street. A Primary, Elementary, and Finishing SchooL Thorough nrpnnrfltfrm fir ltnainoan nr nitavA Special attention given to Commercial Aritlunetlc and all kinds of Business Calculations. French and German, Linear and Perspective xjinwmg, Elocution, migiisn composition, Natural Krlpnra FIELD PRACTICE in Hnrvnrlntr ntiil rMnil i7nM. neering, with the use of all requisite instruments, in givcu mj uio liiKucr ciuHHes id maiuemaucs. A first-flans Primarv Dimunmont The best ventilated, most lofty and spacious Class rooms In ttin rlt.v. . Open for the reception of applicants dally from 10 Vnll tprm will hr(r1n RfintiiTnhpplQ Circulars at Mr. Warburton's, No. 430 Chesnut st. HALLO WELL SELECT HIGH SCIIOOL FOR Young Men ard Boys, which has been re moved from No. 110 N. Tenth street, will be opened on September 12 In the new and more commodious buildings Nos. 112 and 114 N. NINTH Street. Neither effort nor expense has been spared in fitting up the ruuiiiu, i uiuku hub it ursirciuas SCUOOl OI me ulgucsC A Preparatory Department Is connected with the school. Parents and students are Invited to call and examine the rooms and consult the Principals trout VA.ai.iuir. iu. tiiier August is. GEORGE EASTBURN, A. B., JOHN O. MOORE, M. S., 8 17tf Principals. HAMILTON INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LADIES. No. 8810 OHESNUT Street, West Philadel phia. Day and Boarding School. This Institution. having successfully coaipleted its fourth year, has Decome one oi me esiatmsnca scnoois or our city. Its course of study includes a thorough English and Classical Education, embracing Mental, Moral, aud Physical culture. Its ninth session will open on MONDAY, Septem ber 12. For terms, etc., apply at the school. s mr pmiiir a. ukuuak, principal. T7ILDON SEMINARYMISS CARR'S SELECT JJJ Boar ung School for Young Ladies will RB OPEN (SEPTEMBER 14, 1S70. It is situated at the York Road Station of the North Pennsylvania Railroad, seven miles from Philadelphia. The Principal may be consulted personally at her residence aunug me summer, or oj letter addressed to Shoemakertown Post Oillce, Montgomery county, Pa. Circulars can be obtained also at the otllce of JAY COOKE & OO., 88 Bankers, Philadelphia. D B E H I L L SCHOOL, MERCIIANTVILLE, N. Ji, Four Miles from Philadelphia. Next session begins MONDAY, October 8. For circulars apply to 9 10 tf Rev. T. W. CAT TELL. TVS SIXTEENTH ACADEMIC YEAR OF SPRING G&KDKN ACADEMY, N. E. corner of EIGHTH and BUTToNWOOD Streets, begins Tues day, September ft. Thorough preparation for Busi. nesa or College. Applications received on and after Monday, August 22. CHARLES A. WALTER8, A. XL, 8181m Principal. CENTRAL INSTITUTE, N. W. CORNER OF TENTH and SPRING GARDEN Streets, will reopen MONDAY, September 8. Parents are Invited to call after August 2U. Roys prepared for business or for college. JOHN P. LAMBERTON. A. M., 8 22 lm Prluclnal. THE SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES AND GIRLS, No. 391T LOCUST Street, will be reopened September 12, by MRS. A. J. RUSSELL and 9 612t MISS MELISSA GREGORY. YOUNG MEN AND BOYS' ENGLISH CLASSI CAL AND COMMERCIAL INSTITUTE, No. 1U18 MOUNT VEKNON Street, reopens September 6 Thorough preparation for Busiiws or College. Has a Preparatory Department for small Boys. 8 87 lm Rev. J. G. SH1NN, A. A., Principal. WEST CHESNUT STREET INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG LaDIES, No. 5Chesuut street, West Philadelphia, will re-opt n MONDAY, September 12. U U u, MISS1 It. T IIKIHVV Hri nsrtol JANE M. HARPER WILL) REOPEN HER f I School for Roys HDd Girls, N. W. corner of EIGHTEENTH aud CHESNUT Streets, on the 14th of 8th month (September), lt7U. Ages to 13. 9 81m STEVENSDALE INSTITUTE, A SELECT family Boarding-school for boys, will reopen Sept. 12, 1870. For Circulars address J. If. WlTHINGToN, A. M., principal. South Amboy, N. J. 8 gtuths26t M ISS 'JENNIE T. BECK, TEACHER OF THE i-JAJ0-UliTK, No. 740 FlJKIUA street, will resume her duties September 1. . 9 15 lm MISS CLEVELAND'S SCIIOOL FOR YOUNG Ladies will reopen on MONDAY, September 19, atNo. SW3 DELANCEYPlaee. ?ist rpWENTY-SIXTH YEAH. II. D. GREGOHyTaT J. M.. will reopen hia laaalcal and Eutrlwh School. No. 1108 MAKk ET btreet, ou September 6. 8 'li lux CitK( A YAH, BOARD AND TUITION. AT tp'tJV Episcopal Academy, RERUN, New Jersey. 9 1 10f THE CLASSICAL INSTITUTE, DBAN STREET, above Spruce, wiu he re-openn September 6th. 6 mm JW. FA1RES, D. D., Prluclpal. CMHRTLAND SAUNDERS COLLEG E, FOR J Youcg Men, Youth, ami Siu ill Doya, Phila. tot PIANIST FOR MUSICAL ENTERTAINMETS or Dancing Soirees, No. 110 S. ELEVENTH Street. is 81 lm Relerence Mr. Doner, No. 1102 Cheanut street; REAL. ESTATR AT AUCTION. N o I a. Bv virtue and In execution of the powers contained In a Mortgage executed by TIIE CENTRAL TASSENQEi; RAILWAY COMPANY of the city of Philadelphia, bearing date of eighteenth day of April, Is63, and recorded In the oillce for recording deeds and mortgages for the city and county of Philadelphia, In Mortgage Book A. C. U., No. 66, page 465, etc., the undersigned Trustees named In said mortgage WILL SELL AT TUBLIO AUCTION, at the MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, In the city of Philadelphia, by MESSRS, THOMAS Jfc SONS, Auctioneers, at 13 o'clock M., on TUESDAY, the eighteenth day of October, A. D. 1S70, the property described in and conveyed by the said mortgage, to wit: No. 1. All those two contiguous lota or pieces of ground, with the buildings and improvements thereon erected, situate on the east slue of Broad street, in the city of Philadelphia, one of them be ginning at the distance of nineteen feet seven inches and five-eighths southward from the southeast corner of the said Rroad and Coates streets ; thence extending eastward at right angles with said Broad Btreeteighty-elght feet one Inch and a half to ground now or lato ot Samuel Miller; thence southward along said ground, and at right angles with said Coates street, seventy-two feet to the northeast cor ner of an alley, two feet six Inches in width, leading southward into Penn street; thence west ward crossing said alley and along the lot of ground hereinafter described and at right angles with said Broad street, seventy-nine feet to the east aide of the said Broad street ; and thence northward along the east line of said Broad street seventy-two feet to tho place of beginning. Subject to a Ground Rent of t2S0, silver money. No. a. The other of them situate at the northeast corner of the said Broad street and Pena street, coutaintng In front or breadth on the said Broad street eighteen feet, and In length or depth east ward along the north line of said Penn street seventy-lour feet and two inches, and on the line of said lot parallel with said l'enn street seventy-six feet five Inches and three-fourths of an inch to said two feet six inches wide alley. Subject to ground rent or tJ2, silver money. No. 8. All that certain lot or piece of ground be ginning at the S. E. corner of Coates streetand Broad street, thenca extending southward a'.ong the said Broad street nineteen feet seven Inches and five etghths of an inch ; thence eastward eighty feet one Inch and one-half of an lech; thence northward, at right angles with said Coates street, nine feet to the south aide of Coates street, and thence westward along the south side or said Coates street ninety feet to the place or beginning. No. 4. Four Steam Dummy Cars, twenty feet long by nine feet two inches wide, with all the necessary steam machinery, seven-inch cylinder, with ten-inch stroke of piston, with heattng pipes, &o. Each will seat thirty passengers, and has power sufficient to draw two extra cars. Note. These cars are now In the custody of Messrs. Grice fc Long, at Trenton, New Jersey, where they can be seen. The sale of them Is made Bubject to a lien for rent, which on the first day or Jnlj, 1870. amounted to tCOO. No. 5. The whole road, plank road, and railway of the said The Central Passenger Railway Company of the city of Philadelphia, and all their land ;(not Included in Nob. 1, 2, and 8,) roadway, railway, rails, rights or way, stations, toll houses, and other super structures, depots, depot greunds and other real estate, buildings and Improvements whataoever,and all and singular the corporate privileges and Iran chlses connected with said company aud plank roa4 an railway, and relating thereto, and all the tolls, Income, issues, and profits to accrue from the same or any part thereof belonging to said company, and generally all the tenements.hereditamenta and fran chises of the said company. And also all the cars of every kind (not Included In No. 4,) machinery, tools, lmpkmenta.and materials connected with the proper equipment, operating and conducting of Bald road, plank road, and railway: and all the personal pro perty of every kind and description belonging to the said company. Together with all the streets, ways, alleys, pas iagf s, waters, water-courses, easements, franchises, rights, liberties, privileges, hereditaments ana ap purtenances whatsoever, unto any of the above mentioned premises and estates belonging and ap pertaining, and the reversions and remainders, rents, Issues, and profits thereof, and all the estate, right, title, Interest, property, claim, and demand of every nature and kind whatsoever of the said Com pany, as well at law as in equity of, In, and to the same and every part and parcel thereof, TERMS OF SALE. The properties will be Bold In parcels as numbered. On each bid there shall be paid at the time the pro perty Is Btruck off Filty Dollars, unless the price Is less than that Bum, when the whole sum bid ahaa be paid. W. L. SCnAFFER, , 813 61t - W. W. LONGSTRETH, Trustees. MASTER S PEREMPTORY SALE-TIIOMAS a & SONS, Auctioneers. Two-storv brick dwell. lug, No. 414 South Tenth Btreet. north or Lombard street. In pursuance or a Decree or the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of Phlladel- Ehla, In equity. McCarthy vs. McCarthy. (Septem er Term, 1SC9, No. 41.) Partition. Will be sold at public sale, without reserve, on Tuesday, September 27, 1870, at 12 o'clock, noon, at the Philadelphia Ex. change, the following described property, viz. : All that brick messuage and lot or ground thereunto be longing, situate on the west side or Tenth street, Seventh ward, city or Philadelphia, No. 414; contain ing in front on Tenth st. 17 feet 7x In., and In depth westward 60 feet. . Bounded eastward by Tenth street, southward by ground now or late of Samuel Glouse, westward by City Lot No. 676, and northward by ground now or late of John Patten. (Being the same premises which Eugene Ahern and wife, by Indenture dated March 26, A. D. 1859, recorded In Deed Book A. D. B., No. 65, page 9il. etc., granted and conveyed unto Daniel McCarthy ana Charles McCarthy In fee, as tenants In common, in the pro portion of three-fourths to Daniel McCarthy, and one-fourth to Charles McCarthy. Terms cash. Bale absolute. Edwin T. Chare, Master. M. THOMAS & SONS, Auctioneers, 8 25810 U 24 Nos. 139 and 141 8. FOURTH jit PATENTS. US. PATENT OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C, September 1, 1870. On the petition of THEODORE T. WOODRUFF, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, praying for the ex, tension of a patent granted to him second day of December, 1S66, and reissued ou the seventeenth day of March, 1863, for an Improvement in Railroad Car Seats and Couches. It is ordered that the testimony in the case be closed on the first day f November next, that the time for tiling arguments and the Examiner's report be limited to the eleventh (lay of November next, and that said petition be heard on the sixteenth day of November next. Any person may oppose this extension. SAMUEL S. FISHER, 0 3 s 3t Commissioner of Patents. 8. PATENT OFFICE WASHINGTON D. C, Sept. 1, 1870. ' On the petition of THEODORE T. WOODRUFF, of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for the extension of a patent granted to bim on the 9d day or December, laf6, for an Improvement In raUroad car seats aud couches. It Is ordered that the testimony lu the case be clobed on the 1st day cf November next, that the time for tiling arguments and the Exaintaer's report he limited to the llth day of Novemoer next, and. that said petition be heard on the 16th day of Novem ber next Any person may oppose this extension. SAMUELS. FIsnER, 9 3 8 St Commiaaioner of Patents. STATE RIGHTS FOR SALE. STATE RIGHTS of a valuable Invention Juat patented, and for the SLICING, CUTTING, and CHIPPING or dried beef, cabbage, etc., are hereby offered for sale. It Is an article of great value to proprietors of hotels and restaurants, and it should be introduced Into every ramlly. STATU RIGHTS FOR SALE. Model can be Been at TELEGRAPH OFFIGIC COOPER S POINT, N. J. 1 27tr AITJNDY h. HOFFMAN. SUMMER RESORTS. CONGRESS HALL CAPE MAY, N. J., Opens June 1. Closes October Btark and Simon Hassler's Orcbes'.ra, and fni Military Band, or 120 pieces. TERMS 13-60 per day June and September. 14-oa per day July aud August. The new wlug is now completed. Applications for Rooms, address 4 IS Kit J. F. OAKK, Proprietor ATLANTIC) CITY. KOSEDALK COTTAGE. VlKUiMA, let ween Atlantic aud Tttcideave. tuiiiB TV I Phi V t IThli'URU fnrmrlw a tniim TEkNTH and AUCii, Proprietress. Doard from io to lt per week. 1 11 uiwatl TET iT GOODS, NEWEST STYLES, DIXON'8, No, HI & EIGHTH Street io i iW
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers