rnmTTTTn TJElLMllMAPHo VOL. XIV NO. 29. PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, AUGUST 4, 1870. DOUBLE SHEET THREE CENTS. FIRST EDITION THE WAR IN EUROPE. Tho Latest Advices by Mail. The German Uprising. Its Great Unanimity, i Bavaria's "Joyful Echo." Hidden Causes of the Strife. The French Uprising. It is TJiisximons Also. Ollivicr on the War. He Deems Victory Certain. Be Gramonfs Diplomatic Note. Franco and the Equilibrium. England, Belgium, and Spain. .WAR NEWSEY ZVXAZL. THE LATEST ADVICES. Below wo give extracts from our latest foreign files bearing upon the struggle between France and Prussia, In addition to those published by us yesterday. GERMANY. The. Great Popular Uprlnlng. The Berlin correspondent of the London Times writes as follows: Am I to continue the list of popular demon strations given in my last, and lengthened by each arriving mail ? Am I to recount that the Darmstadt oilicial journal declares against France in the strongest possible expressions; that the papers of Cologne, Treves, Aix-lu-Cbapclle and other towns in the Rhine country denounce "the criminal act of Napoleon in trying to cement together his cracking throne with foreign blood;" that the students of Kiel University have volunteered in a body; that at Hanover the Governor (General has-been serenaded, and that at Bremen a merchant -w ho said a word against the King of Prussia has had his house demolished ? In the old and new provinces, in Khineland, Hanover and Holsteln, as well as in Branden burg, Pomerania, and the far East, one idea has seized all classes of the population that of at last securing rest irom the alternate molesta tions and assaults of the French. So intense is the feeling that even at Munich, the seat of LltramonUnism, the editor of a Romanist and anti-unity journal has had a narrow escape from being chastised by the mob. Bat it would occupy too much space to convey the entire catalogue of similar manifestations to your col umns. If the Emperor Napoleon has somebody who veraciouely Informs him of what is going on at this moment in the country he intends to invade, be cannot be In a very hopeful mood as to the success 01 ms enterprise. The same correspondent declares that the Germans will meet their enemies in a spirit becoming the magnitude of the stake. He writes: Thanks to the Incessant provocations of the French Government, they have been thoroughly warmed to the work in hand. Since 1840, when M. Thiers asked lor the Kbine irontier, they have by all the successive Governments of France been. treated as a people whose political Insignificance must be prolonged at any cost, if France was to be nappy, l uey nave long pa tiently endured the taunts ana the wrongs In flicted by their neighbors. As is their habit, they did not much complain, while unable to secure redress. Of late they had hoped that in their steady progress towards unity they had already become too formidable to be wantonly attacked. They were also too con fident in the civilized spirit of the age to sup pose a nation like the i rench would resort to bloodshed to prevent its neighbor from arranging their own concerns, eeeiug mat tney nave been mistaken In both these assumptions, they feel that a day of reckoning has come, and will do their duty with a will. As proud and patriotic men they are resolved to avenge the past and make the future secure: as peaceful, luduatrlal. and cultivated citizens they cannot help looking upon the legions assembling on their frontiers as upon oarDanans preparing lor a razzia. One determination to ward off and punish this crying sin prevails in all parts of Germany. In the North it is a stern aesire lor Action; in the excitable South the feeling Is a more fiery one, and If not universal, it pervades such a vast majority of the people as to Impose all but abso lute silence upon the Ultramontanes, the Repub licans, and other fractions of the antl-Union party. Whatever remembrances of 18od may have been lingering In men's miods, they are now submerged In a common hatred of the in sulting foreigner. Carried away by the current, the Bavarian, YYurtemberg, and Baden Govern- ments have already announced their formal resolution to stand with Prussia, and join the Northern Confederacy for better for worse. Tbo Hidden Causes of the Mtrlfe (itrinii Keiulnlaceacea of French t'aiiM, On the 18th ot July the Berlin correspondent of the Times writes: No one who remembers Berlin this month four years ago can fall to notice the immense dtlf er ence between the state of public opinion then and now. In lbtiti there was a general disin clination, from a sentiment of relationship and old alliances, to go to war with Austria; at present scarce a person is to be found who does not long for the commencement of hostilities to avenge former injuries and recent affronts. However little a German may know of the his tory of his race, there are few unaware of the circumstances from which French ascendancy first arose. When, in the cause of Protestant ism. Germany. 250 years ago, engaged in the most sanguinary civil war recorded in hUtory, France stepped in and preyed upon the nation divided against itself. When, listening to the Jesuit, a PcDlsh KaUer led his Spanish, Italian, llnncarlan. and Slavonian subject aif&iubt the Vrntj-ntiinta In his German provinces aud la those ot his princely feudatories, France availed herself of the opportunity, and tore provlnee after province from the body of the dilapidated realm. The disintegration of the German Empire con sequent upon this internal conflict has now lasted iwo hundred jear. Nominally reunited at the close of the war, Germany has remained a divided country ever since. Broken up into a number of virtually independent territories, each strong enough to prevent joint action, yet, with few exceptions, too weak to resist foreign attack, it became a football for its neighbors. Some appropriated portions of its terriotory; others were content with the gratification of humiliating so large yet so helpless! a commonwealth. Once the most populous, the most powerful State of the con tinent, it ceased to have Influence upon the course of events, a voice in the council of na tions. Impotent in the sphere of politics, it found rrreat difficulty even in developing trade and obtaining commercial treaties from more favored nations; and such was its dependence on foreign influence in matters peculiarly do mestic that on more occasions than one Austria was able to stay tho progress of its constitu tional life, while Russia, in a notorious instance, forbade all attempt at reunion. It is true Prussia, the largest of the German States, has been a respectable power for the last century; still, she was too much hampered by the jealousy of her petty allies to improve this sorry state of things. Hence the opposition, more or less openly expressed, of the other Continental powers, when, four years ago, Prussia at last undertook to cut the uordian Knot, eject1 the all but foreign Austria, what had originally caused the split, and, amid the applause of patriotic Germans, unite the disjecta membra 01 tne nation into a compact wnoie. iicnce, more particularly, the resistance of France, whose vanity was sorely wounded by a change which grievously interfered with the delightful conscious nces so long enioyea ny ner 01 bclDjr stronger than any of the adjacent nations. A Prussian Opinion of the French Declaration rl War. The Provincial Corresyondcnce, of Berlin, of July 20th, says: The Dftltrv. lvine reasons eriven for this act show the wilful arrogance and thoughtlessness with which France has determined upon war. The great powers sought to restrain that coun try from Us unjustifiable enterprise, while all foreign nations condemn the course she is pur suing. The Prussian and German armaments are being carried on calmly but diligently, and the German armies will very shortly march out ready for defense. Although the arming of the trench Has been going on lor a long time, this advantage, thanks to the splendid organization of the Prussian army, will soon be counter balanced. It is possible that the French will endeavor to secure a momentary triunish, but a first success will not decide the war. Germany may place full confidence in the leadership of her Commander-in-Chief and his advisers. We intend to avoid all valngloriousness, but we have no cause to be despondent. The Kins of Prussia and the King of Bavaria. A Berlin despatch of July 21 says that the King of Prussia had sent the following telegram to the King of Bavaria: "On receipt of the telegram from your Ma jesty I immediately assumed command of the bavarian army, ana l incorporated it witn tne 3d Army Corps, placed under the command of the Crown Prince. By an unheard-of presump tion we have been driven from the most pro found peace into war. Your real German atti tude has electrified your people, and all Ger many is now nnitea as it never was at any former time. May God bless our arms in tho fortune of war 1 I tender you my most heart felt thanks for your faithful adherence to our treaty upon which Germany rests." To this the King of Bavaria made the follow ing response by telegraph: "Your telegram has awakened In me a joyful echo. The Bavarian troops, side by side with their glorious brethren in arms, will enter en thusiastically into the struggle for German right and German honor. May the war tend to the welfare of Germuny and the safety of Ba varia! Armament of the Prussian Iron-clade. A Paris correspondent, in comparing the navies of France and Prussia, says: Prussia relies especially noon her powerful cannon of 9, 11, and even 14 inches In diameter, capable ot penetrating sheets of iron of from 9 to 12 inches in thickness. Her iron-clad fleet is completely armed with these cannon, which, it is here said, will not tcrrity tne intrepid French sailors. An Enthusiastic War Cry. The Cologne Zeitunq of the 16th ultimo, in the course of a vigorous article on the war, says: Up, ye dwellers in the tar-on amber coasts, ye bold East Prussians who in 1813 first joined tne ranKS in tne war oi iioeration ; up, ye valiant Swabians who were wont to bear the banner of the old Empire, and who sustained the border contest! up, ye Bliesians wno red dened the Katzbach with French blood ! Up. ye Hanoverians wno, covered witn glory, tougnt in the Iberian renslnsuia against the old despot. and show ye now to the new one how madly and miserably he was out in his reckoning in fancying that one man of you would desert his colors when his hereditary enemy was to be opposed ! Out from your mountains, ye Bavarians, warriors or oia; out from your forests, ye inuringians ana uesslans; be worthy of your sires, ye true German Saxons, who of your own free will throw off your serf dom to i ranee, ana go over snouting to the German standards! Up, all that is German! to tho Rhine! to the Rhine! to the sacred Rhine, and come on the wines oi tne storm: iiere we do all that in us lies. Rich and poor, old and young, wo rush to our colors. Even the schools iir a tirnken tin. for the very bovs. inflamed with rage, are burning to ransom tne nonor oi tneir kinir and ot the German name. Hadst thou seen this day, Ernst Moriz Arndt, thou wouldst have known that thou didst not live in vain. We ran now cry, "It Is a crusade; it is a holy war." if ever a war lias been recklessly Invoked with craft and falsehood, it Is this. the Bhrnlah Peasantry Unanimous Peasantry Unanimous lor Prussia. The special correspondent of the London Daily A'ews has been travelling through the Kheuihh provinces which are to be the seat ot war. II Prussia maintains a aeiensive attituae. He notes that the peasantry of that country are unanimous in their devotion to Prussia. He wrote. July 18: I have now passed through tne Rhine provinces of fleruiaDy, and 1 have had exceptional opportunities ot ascertaining the opinions or their inhabitants. From tbe peasant, whose daily toll scantily feeds bluiaclf sod his family, to the landowner who Is far .niiiiiiii from rwxv.-rtv tlm ilHtttrmlnatlon to nre- seive unimpaired tbe patrimony of the Father land la rxprexsed with a unanimity which tltinoii.trates that the Hermans ot these parts repard the welfare of their country as far more to he netired than personal iialnor personal success. The peasant who drags out a precarious and misera ble existence on rye oread Is as ardent an enemy of France aa the man of wealth to whom this world U a paradise. Uua and all iiiatntaia that rather than uudertio a defeat which would lie alike shameful and unendurable, no exertion can be Use rued too great and no aaoiiuce too praiseworthy. FKANCE. The I ihwlaM Parle la favor of tho War. The New York Tribune's Paris correspondent, who U by no means inclined to the Imperial side in tbe pending struggle, writes as foMows on July 22 concerning the war embasi.nai in Paris: For a day or two back there has been an ap parent lull in the gathering storm of war, but it it merely superficial and shows Intense absjrp tlon in the gieat event ot Ue day, not that the public mind la cooling in Its fervor. 1 hiva been a spectator during one great war, which was popular if ever a war were popular, and comparing what I am seeing now with what I saw at home, 1 cannot for a moment doubt that la throwing dr;WD UC S've n Pru98iUi Gov ernment had, and knew it had, the vast body of the people at its back, and that it could not have kept the peace if it had wished it ever so much. If Napoleon wished for an explosion ever so ardently, he must have been astonished beyond measure at tbe result of his manoeuvres to bring it on. I have only seen one thing like it, and that was the excitement in New York at the news of the firing upon Fort Sumter. Here tho men who do not hate Prussia, the men who do not leap at the chance of fighting her, are few and far between. Almost the old hatreds are forgotten, and the hatchet is buried with una nimity to be dug up at a more convenient day. There is a prodigious surface enthusiasm tor the war, but below this boiling there is a deep, strong, resistless current, sweeping all before it, bearing on tbe nation to the supreme hour that will for a long time decide its destiny. Only one thing now can stop i ranee in her blood hound course, and that is the Emperor's death. Whoever was in Paris last Sunday night, and on the Boulevard, saw a sight never to be for gotten. The sidewalks were crowded, the street was crowded, and every window was filled with people shouting, singing, and waving handker chiefs. No omnibus nor cab had a ghost of a chance. Many escaped down side streets, but tbe greater part drew up in line along one side of the Boulevard, and waited, the crowd mean while taking advantage of the occasion, and swarming over omnibuses, cabs, and horses like ants over apple cores. The confusion was indescribable, for dif ferent sets of people were singing different airs, and the 'Marseillaise," "Mourir pour la Patrie," the "Chant du Depart," and "Les Lampions," got so mixed up that it was all a roar through which you could only now and then hear a trumpet blast, or a rattling drum, or the cry of " Vive la guerre!" ".4 ban la Prusse.'" and rarely, very rarely, "Vive VEmpercur!" Tho regiment was In luck last night, for the crowd was ready to give them, anything. Money was shoved at them by bandf nls, and some old fellows adroitly managed to get on the outside and thus grabtied more than their share. It was a sight to remember all one's life, and I was even glad, after living a year in the stifling air of Paris, to draw a free draught of real popular enthusiasm fr something. Olllvler's Vlevre-The Conrae of the English Press-The Insulin of terinany Victory Cer tain In the End. A correspondent of the London Daily Xews, who interviewed him on the subject of an army pass, incidentally picked up the following views of the French Premier on the war: lie expressed his extreme sorrow at the attitude oi the English press, which he said was based Upon a complete misapprehension oi trie true causes or the war. M. OlUvler seemed not so much vexed or annoyed as grieved at tne comments In our jour- Dais, lie coropiaineu mai ine i.mperor naa always been more than friendly towards England; that he nimsen naa uone everyuunjr co promote warm rela tions between the two countries ; that especially he had studied the tuRllun commercial interests, but that how he was accused of breaking the peace of Europe. As to Germany, he had taken olllce on the condition that there should be no (lerman war; the imperor, too, was wen aware or ine responsibility Involved, and most anxious not to destroy the state of peace, but It was Impossible to permit Prussia to drag them through the mud by an Insult openly and publicly avowed. Indeed, In the legitimate Interests of the dynasty, M. Ollivicr had been obliged to en tertain the idea of war. France could not brook an Insult, or at least a deliberate one. iler rulers, under Louts Philippe, hail, It Is true, once made her swallow one, but this was the cause of the downfall of tbe Orleanlst family. The exact sequsnce of events which caused the war was as follows: The Prussian King had at first made concessions. This had aroused against blm a war party. To conciliate this body he had given France an Insult and pub lished it The Chassenot must now decide: bat. as France was united to a man, there was no doubt of the eventual result. TheOfHrlnl 1 Irrular of the Duede (Jratnont Prance Takea Up the Cause ot l;iulllblluin" 1 he Uliiht of .Nations to Clevern Their Uwir Drailnlea. On July 21 the Due de Gramont, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, addressed a lengthy circular to the diplomatic agents of the Empire, We append tho following extracts from this do cument: "The following, aouoticss, is tne plan combined against us: An understanding prepared mysteri ously by unavowea intermediates was, lr ugut naa not unexpectedly been thrown upon it, to lead thiDirs to tbe point when the candidature of a Prus sian prince to the throne of Splan would have been suddenly revealed to tbe assembled Cortes. A vote carried by surprise, before the bpanlsh people shou'd have had time for reflection, would bave pro claimed at least sucn was ine nope rrioce Leo pold of Hohenzollern heir to the sceptre of Charles V. Thus Europe would have found herself In pre sence of an accomplished fact; and, speculating on our deference for the great principle of popular sovereignty, the calculation was that France, in spite or a passing displeasure, would pause before the will, ostensibly expressed, of a nation for which our sympathies were known. "The Emperor s government, as soon as it oecarae aware ot the peril, did not hesitate to denounce it to the representatives of the country as to all foreign cabinets; against that manoeuvre the Judgment of nubile opnion became lis most legitimate auxiliary, impartial minds were nowhere deceived as to the real situation of things; they Immediately compre hended that lr we were painruuy atiecuxi in seeing traced out for Spain In the exclusive interest of au ambitious dynasty a part totally nnsulted to the straitgbforwardnessof that chlvalrlc people, so little lnconiormuv witn tne iumuuuih anu trauiuoua wuieu unite It to us, we could not have the idea f denying our constant respect ror ine inuepenaenue of its national resolutions. Every one felt that tbe unscrupulous policy of the Prussian Government was alone in this affair. That Government, In fact, not considering itself bound by common right, and despising the rules to which the greatest powers have had the prudence to submit, attempted to Impose on abused Europe so dangerous au extension or us innuence. ranee has taken np the cause of equilibrium, that is to say, tne interest or an tne populations meuaeea ukb ner self by the disproportionate aggranaizeinem or a "in 80 doing aoes sne piaee neraeu, as nag oeeu asserted, in contradiction to her own maxims? Assuredly now .Every uauuu, we are foremost w nrocialm. has a right to govern its own destinies. That nrinclnle. openly aitlrmed by France, has be come one of the fundamental laws of modern poli tics. But the right of each people, as of each indl- vidua), is limited ny mac or otners, ana any nauou is forbidden, under the pretext of exercising Its own sovereignty, to menace tbe existence or security of a npluhhurinir nation. J'russia appeared ror a moment to give way iu onr Just demands, rnnce i-eopoia wuuurew uis candldateshlp ; there was room to hope that the naiw won in not tie nroiten. nut mat wpei wuuu soon gave place to fresh apprehensions, and then jo tbe certainty that Prussia, without seriously aban doning any of her pretensions, was only seeking to on In ifm- Thi. lanrnairA. at first undecided, and then firm and haughty, ef the chief of the house of HoUenzollern, his refusal to engage to maintain on tbe morrow the renunciation of yesterday, the treatment Inflicted on our ambassador, who mas forbidden, by a verbal message, from any fresh communication for the object of his mission nf AoiwihaUon. and. lastly, the pub'luity given to that unparalleled proceeding by the Prussian Jour nals, aud by the notification of it made to the cabi nets all those successive symptoms of aggressive Intentions removed every doubt in the moat preju diced minds. Can there be any Illusion when a sovereign who commands a million of soldiers de- i.r.1 with tiia hand nn the hilt of his a word, that be rest rves the right of taking counsel of himself alone, and from circumstances? We sre led to that extieme limit at which a nation who feels what is due to itaelf cannot further compromise with tho requirements of lu honor. on i iiiat that tn cnnrtof Berlin should bear, before hlhtory, the responsibility of this war whlctt It i.a.i tho i,iHiia uf aviililinir and which It has Wished for. And under what circumstances lias it sought out the struggle? It la when for tbe last four years France, displaying coutluual moduratloa towards It, naa a.hatlnel. with a aoruDUlousness perhaps ex- Bo-.rrw1 from ealllnir tin ana'Iiat it the treaties concluded undir the mediation of the Emperor hlui aeif. but the voluntary ues-leol of which Is Seen In ail Ma acts of a (iuvernmeut which was already ttitnkiDa-of ft-etliua-rid of them at tbe moment uf aivnaturM. "Europe has been witness of onr conduct, an4 she has had tbe opportunity of comparing It wliu that of iTnuaia durin&r this period. Let her pronounce pom on the juaii' of our cause. Whatever be the iRsue of our combats we await without iltnnletude the Judgment of our contemporaries as that of pos terity." The French Army Before the Ontbreak of the war. The Paris correspondent of the London Times writes: The effective strength of the French army at the end of June was 400,000 to 450,000 men under arms, from which, however, has to be de ducted a large number on leave. The papers publish the following statement of the forces In Ictober, 1809: In France 305,179 In Algeria 03,95 In Rome 5,252 434.350 Of these, 108.831 were on leave. Then come the reserves, 212,810, and tho Garde, Mobile, 500,714, giving a general total of 1,207,880. De ducting 20 per cent, for the difference between paper and effective, there remains a million of men, which is about equal to the estimate of Prussian strength given in your Berlin corres pondence. Hov the Demonstration In Paris were Sup- preNNea. On July 17th the Prefect of Police caused the following notice to be posted up in Paris: "During the last few days the population of the capital have been desirous of aflirminir their patriotism by manifestations in the public thorougniares. At tne moment in which our soldiers are proceeding to the frontier, and after that explosion of the national feeling, it is desira ble that the capital should resume its accustomed aspect, and show bv its calm the confidence whiCh animates it. The Prefect of Police, there fore, thinks it right to Invite the inhabitants of Paris to abstain from demonstrations which cannot be prolonged without inconvenience." Epaulets Being- Done Away With. The fact was remarked on the departure of the 39th Regiment from Paris that a number of the officers did not wear their epaulets, but had simply a piece of gold braid on the sleeve just above the wrist. This measure Is to be adopted generally in tne campaign, as is Known, the Prussian officers have no other mark of distinc tion than a gold stripe on the arm. ENGLAND. The Attitude of Great Britain The Covern nient and the People Universal Condemaa tlon of Napoleon. . Mr. George W. Smalley writes as follows to the New York Tribune from London, under date of July 21: Mr. Gladstone, master as he is of home poll- tics, feels too heavily the responsibility of a de cision on foreign aft airs. He is morbidly anxious to keep on good terms with everybody. So it was left for the press to speak, and I rejoice to eay the press did speak, with a unanimity and a force that made it heard with respect all over Europe, ine imperial court oi Franco wont mad with rage and resentment. Napoleon had counted on the subserviency of most of the London journals as on many of them ho had only too good reason to count. They had leaned strongly towards him, and cast away from Prus sia when tbe iionenzouern business tarst became known. So far they are responsible, and more responsible than the Govern ment, which had been at least impartial, and had, l am confident, said and done nothing during the first week to en courage the Emperor with a hope of support, moral or material, cut no journal anticipated that war was to be forced on, regardless of the withdrawal of Prince Leopold. When they dis covered that the Emperor bad made np his mind to disgrace Prussia or fight her, the English press launched a protest worthy of its best days and Its most honorable fame. The Times took the lead, declaring that the greatest national crime since the days of the first French Empire had been consummated; that tho war was the act of one man in Trance; and that it is difficult to conceive what infatuation can have commit ted tbe Emperor Napoleon to a coarse which is as impolitic as it is criminal. Tne vauu jvews, witn an ability and boldness equally remarkable, has exposed and denounced the gigantic crime of him whom it was lately the fashion to talk of as "England's nearest ally." The press well represented the public feeling at the first announcement of war. It Is not merely general, it may almost be called unani mous. At any rate, i nave not met one man of n.Tiv rleirree or rank, or anv shade of Dolitics. who did not condemn the Emperor, and express more or lees svmpatny witn rrussia, coupled with a conviction of the justness ot her cause, England looks on Germany as a great people forced to eo to war in seii-detense against a jealous and unscrupulous neigh bor. The Dubloua Neutrality of England. The London Times of the 23d of July says: Although the notice of neutrality has been Issued by our Government, no information has been given on tne important question as to wnat articles are contraband or. war. upon applica tion at the customs, shippers fall to get any answer on this point, and the greatest perplexity consequently exists. There is every desire on the part ot tne commercial community oi Lon don to abide carefully by any definite rules that may be communicated to them, and to assist the Government in every way to maintain an atti tude ot strict impartiality. An English Opinion of tho Two Contending nations. The London Times has the following: The Germans are a branch of that race which is destined to people and subdue the earth. From their earliest records tney nave aiways oecn spreading, aud their emigrants are now among the most active elements of transatlantic pro gress. Far away from the vast t atherlaud, round ... . . . . i. i a . , l i . the liuitlc, down tne uanuue, anu iue uuaiesi centres as well as in the remotest backwoods of the New World, the Germans count their bre tbren by the millions, and these, powertui by their wealth, intelligence, and energy, are not likely to look unconcerned on a struggle in which the very existence or tneir never - JS1 forgotten mother country is at stake. Here in England, in America, throughout tho world, the Germans are looked upon as the most welcome Immigrants inoffensive, inditi trious. truthful, trustworthy, fcven in Italy, where Germany has been for ages the scourge of the land, the German Individually was always popular, even during tne worst period or Aus trian domination at Milan. Tbe French, on tbe vi vuw contrary, .hardly ever take root away iroia French toll. Thev have passionate admirers admirers and anxious Imitators all over tbe world, but few brethren anv where. 1 be bmperor acknow ledges tbe fact, and boasts that France needs no allies. We hope she will be able to dispense with moral as well as with muerlai support. A Comparison of their Military Qualities. Tbe Tinus of another date says: The chief difference between tbe two bellige rents lies in this, that trance bring an army into the field. Prussia only an armed peopi. France has her practical military ecnooi always ouen in her African colony. Prussia ha lu re cent times seen no wars, except in two uruuaut but short campaigns, in whlcn her mllltla naa rather an opportunity of displaying their courage than leisure tor acquiring experience. Tbe front line In Prussia, or what is called the regular army. Is formed of raw soldiers: but in the rtar of it are tbe men of the Unserve and the Landwehr, who have gone through their three years' training, and Lave been kept up to a hvh detrree of efficiency bv yearly drill men of mature age, whose cool courage is Intended to temper tbe inconsiderate ardor and lmuelu. ofcitv of routh. Thus the French should have the advantage at the 'outset, and tbe Prussian at the latter period of the campaign; for the strength of the former lies in the firal, tint of the latter in lu second line. "WAR ITEMS. Belgium Looks to England for Aid. The Brussels correspondent of tho London Times, of July 21, says: "Belgium looks anxiously to ' England for aid and countenance In the event of an In vasion of her territory, and every line of the Eng lish press and every word uttered in the English Parliament is carefully examined and weiirhvi Meanwhile, tho military authorities are taking the most energetic steps to protect the neutrality of the conmry. rne array nas Dcen put on a run war root ing, all the reserves having been called up. But England Doesn't Intend to Aid Iler. The Daily Arews of the same date thus puts a quietus on Belgium s hopes: "Among the ca nards which have recently been sef afloat is a statement that the Cabinet have been considcrinz tne propriety oi senaing a ooay or troops to Antwerp, in order to protect tho neutrality of Belgium; and that orders have been given to hold a sufficient detachment in readiness for the purpose. France and Prussia have announced their intention to respect Belgian neutrality, and the British Government is not likely to take any step which proceeds on an assumption at once of bad faith on the part of those powers, and of the Insufficiency of tbo preparations of the Belgian Government for the maintenance of its own neutral position. The French Press and Belgium. The rail Mall Gazette of July 18 says: "Some ofTthe French naners are dolnir all thpv ran to excite suspicion and hatred of Belgium. A writer in the Figaro calls attention to the tact that while the Count of Flanders Is in command of the troops at Beverloo, his wife, sister of l'rince Leopold of llohenzollcrn, is now at Sigmaringen with her son, the heir presumptive of the Belgian crown. 'Such facts,' he adds, 4ought to be brought under public notice In Paris and throughout France, for it must not be forgotten that under the guarantee of this so-called neutrality all our northern frontier, Jrom Lille to Metz, Is exposed.' In another port of the same journal M. Alexandre Duvernois mentions two tacts in orucr 'to give an luca or tne degree of contldence to bo reposed In our friends the Belgians.' These facts are that General Brlal mont, who has just been placed In command of the eorpn d'armee of Antwerp, three years ago published an abusive pamphlet against France, and that Gene ral Cliazal, commander of another corp d'armet., Is the same who, when Minister of War, in open Par liament declared that he had adopted the Wahren- dorf cannon a cannon or Prussian manufacture In order that on the Held of battle the Belgian and Prussian artillery, having guns of the same calibre, might iraternize." An Austrian Opinion of France. The Vienna Wanderer, in an article on Franco and the European equilibrium, observes: 'The preponderance of France is sapping the equilibrium of Europe and turning the independence or the Latin nations Into a meaningless ex pression. France insists on prescribing to the Spaniards whom they are to taKe for king, and condemns the Italians to suffer eternally the flagrant shame of their nation the temporal power of the Papacy. Nay, more 1 The external policy of France mattes her the Incubus or all other European States, whose Internal tranquillity she disturbs to an unprecedented extent. We owe it to France that the fatce of Papal infallibility, In spite of tho aJmouU tions of the different Cabinets, has been brought on the stage, that religious harmony has been rudely Interrupted, the legitimate poRltlon of tho State to the Church made a matterof debate, and the foun dations or the civu power undermined." The Ultramontane View ot the Evacuation of none. The Paris Monde (Ultramontane') of July 18 makes the following comments on the contcm- piatea evacuation oi nome: "To abandon Rome to-day would be to certainly deliver it to the revolution, to repudiate the nolle v followed for twenty years, and to sell the Vicar of Jesus Christ for a price scarcely above the thirty pieces or tne gospel, u noae wno ueueve tne trench Government capable of this Infamy do lniusltice to Its foresight as wen as to its probity, is it about to select the present moment to inspire alarm In Catholic consciences, anu create a rear that a war commenced by treason Is not to terminate gloriously lor our nag 7 JNapoieon l also at a certain period of his history sacrificed the temporal power to him ihmicv : some time wier trie onumgn war broke out, which was the first of tho reverses of the empire, aud the prelude ot the Itusslan cam paign. These great examples remain engraved in tne minus oi iue peopie ami mere is no rear mat at so short a distance they will be forgotten. Besides the alliance of Italy purchased on this condition would weaken the Government within more than it would fortify It without, because It would break the hnniln which attach It to a nartv In France, and like a tree without roots it would ran at tne urst shock. ' ImportanceTof the Artllierv. A correspondent, writing to the Independance Beige from Metz, considers that the chief cause which has retarded the advance of both armies is tbe lack of artillery horses, and adds: "Everything tends to strengthen tbe belief that the artillery will bear the brunt of the bat tles; It will be the deciding weapon. The best military authorities in this superb f rench army are daily becoming more and more convinced that the infantry lines will not stand a rapid ar tillery nre tor one minute; tney win lau back or attacK witn tne Dayonet. Importance ol Iatrenclimente. The correspondent of tho ISiecle, writing from Metz, says: With the new weapons we are no longer in the period when Jomlnl could say, 'The assailant has the advantage on his side.' The terrible destructive weapons or moaern wan are nave reverneu hub pro position. It is evident that In the contest between the two armies tbe advantage will be with the one which, placed In a strong position, fights behind Its lntreiichments. The whole system of tactics, there fore, consists in annoying tne enemy on nis nanKS, to render his position as uncomfortable as possible, and compel him to retreat or come out ana ngnc. Since Hadowa, the Idea has become prevalent that war is otily a matter of a short campaign of two weeks, or a month at furthest. One great struggle and the thing Is done. But just because a single contest may end all, both parties will hesitate long before risking a name." Tho Situation In Spain. The Madrid cprrespondeut of the New York Times, writing on July 15, thus sums up tbe situation in Spain: "While the revolutionists and the liberal party are endeavoring to secure the conquests of September, the irovernment is employed in rrustrating iue intriirues which threaten to draw them from power. The state of the public treasury Is such that it cannot meet its engagements whlcn press neavuy upon it. The authority of the government la without prestige and the law without effect. In the provinco of VaTentia. the other dav. a band or smugglers. more than a hundred in number, maue an u'tacic upon the salt mines of Torre Vleja, In order to carry mi some bats of salt. Shots were exchanged and several were killed and wounded." THE CAPITAL REMOVAL. The Convention t- be Held la Cincinnati. The aent of the Executive Committee ap- I 7 . ? . . : , ry, . t i. I J i tj. pu -v rj 7on Tder ie b i i y"Z .. ' , . r - mpans of effecting the removal of the uatlonal oanital to St. Louis, or some other Western city, is in this city, it win oe remeinoirea mav iuo axnnd Katlfinal Convention for the Purpose named is to assemble in this city on tbe 25th of next October, and the agent has secured Pike's Hall for tbe accommodation thereof. if has fumli-hed us with the call for this con voniinn aitrned bv the members of the Execu Uv Committee. The committee steak with oroat confidence of the success of the under taking, and set forth many reasons why the re moval to the west suouiu vo mauu. iu cucu lar concludes as follows: .IT. la l.oHAVP.fl that the convention thus called will have power, by wise action, so to express the wishes and shape the effort of the majority of the people as 7. j J., oil kiina of auc.r.esKful oDDoaltlon. and to provide without needless delay for the removal to f.a aiui nei manent borne. . 1 "And we invoke tbe interest and the co-opera-tlon of all friends of removal to the end that this ......ri.ri in mimr.Mra and in character, may not be unworthy of the occasion and the Interests com milled to It." This convention Is to be composed of three delegates from each Congressional district, six from each Bute at large, three from each Ter ritory, and three from the District of Columbia, to be appointed by the Governors of the Btates and Territories respectively, and by the Mayor of the city of Washington. If for any reason the Governor of any State or Territory shall fail or refuse to appoint delegates, the aDDolntmpnt thall bo made by a convention called for that purpose. Cincinnati Times. THE NATHAN HORROR. The Way the "Dog" Cot on the Premies-Why Io tine has Deen Arrested The Philadelphia Canard. The N. Y. Uerald of this mornlne' ha thA following: THE SnrP CAM-ENTER S "DOO ' still remains a puzzle to the police. It will be remembered that the Uerald was the first paper to give a clue as to the manner in which the in strument oi oeatn came upon the premises; and it was distinctly stated that tho information came from a reliable source. immediately after the publication of tho theory concerning it. tho detect! spatched in search of the man who had seen the "dog" before tbe night of the murder. All Tuesday was spent in a fruitless search after the roaster builder. The gentleman who first cave the information about tho "dog" being on tha premises Is a respectable lawyer, whose office Is on Broadway, lie can be found at any time. Detective Farley called upon Mr, Morris K. Williams, of No. 603 East Sixteenth street, for it was he who made the statement concerning th 'dog." When the ijfllccr questioned him about it he emphatically denied having ever spoken of the instrument to anybody. uaptain acibo subsequently obtained the affi davit of tbe builder, who swears that he never saw tho "dog" on the premises, and that he never made any statement about it. HERMAN NATHAN AT POLICE HEADQUARTERS. About 12 o clock yesterday Herman Nathan arrived In a carriage at Police Headquarters. He was usnerea into tne (superintendents room and wns with Superintendent Jourdan for about tfiree-quarters of an hour. immediately alter tno interview had taken place, and after Herman Nathan had returned to tne carriage and driven otr, uiptam Kelso announced to the reporters present that there bad been some mistake in advertising the de scription of tbe late Mr. Nathan's stolen watch. l hat description naa stated that on the watch was engraved "Jurgensen, No. 1725." The proper description oi tne watcn is, a gold anchor hunting-case, stem-winder, No. 5057. nineteen lines, Edward 1'erringer, maker. ' Captain Kelso was asked how such a mistake was possible in the description of the watch. He answered that "tne watches were changed in the case in the house." There is reason to believe that great importance is attached by tho police to this lnident. GENERAL BLAIR 8 STATEMENT created no little excitement in uptown circle?, and was very freely commented upon. The f;cneral impression is that It does not throw any ight on the mystery nor serve any good pur pose on the trial, if ever anybody should be ar rested for the murder, for the reason that it is not quite consistent in all its details. The General did not know any of the members of the Nathan family, and he stated that he was positive that the young man he saw at the third- etory winnow at nair-past nve o cioctt trie morn ing tne murder was dibcovered was the same who appeared on the stoop at six o'clock. i here was a good deal or discussion over the matter at the Fifth Avenue Hotel last evening. "Why, I said a prominent broker. "I don t feel like accusing anybody of the murder without knowing exactly how the land lies, but I do think that the police have acted rather strangely. Now, would they have acted as they have done if the family of the deceased were a poor, friendless one, living in a tenement house ? Just look at It. We'll say the father of a family is murdered in one of our Sixth ward hovels. All the evidence goes to show that somebody in the house killed him, or knew that he was being murdered when he was; at least we'll say there is no trace of the murderer having left the house. Take it for granted that when ne was Killed his wife and sons were the only persons in the place.' What would tbe police have done i Y hy, I can put my finger on a dozen cases to show you what they would do. They would ARREST ON SUSPICION every soul in the house tbe minute the murder was discovered. Why was tbe rule not followed out in this caee ? I don't mean to say that they would be certain to get the murderer in this in stance by arresting all the inmates in Mr. Nathan's house; but then, it Is a poor rule that doesn't work both ways. What's sauce for the poor man ought to bo sauce for the rich man. But we are great admirers of caste after all; and the police are like ourselves, I suppose. However, in murucr caeca i iuiuh. du cuuiiitiun, cither of wealth or position in life, should have any weight with the officers of the law." TBE POLICB POLICY. As an offset to these remarks It is quite perti nent to say that the police detectives know their own business best, and would certainly get along much better than they sometimes do if outsiders would trouble themselves less about the way they choose to work up Important cases. What might be advisable In one case might not be advisable in another. Superintendent Jour dan is not an amateur detective, and what he does not know in tbe detective line is not worth knowing. He is doing his utmost to lift the veil of mystery which now overshadows this case, and will pursue his own course no matter how "croakers may find fault, lie re jects no advice If It come from reliable sources, and believes that every piece of information, no matter how slight it may be, that might tend to THROW LIGHT ON THE CASE is worth treasuring up. But he doas not intend to repeat the Kodters case over again. Every one will remember how the police, to satisfy the public demand for tbe arrest of somebody, ar rested five or six persons, who, one after an other, were discharged because no evidence could be found against them. Every arrest they made after the first person arrested had been honorablo discharged from custody weakened the city in the public mind. Now then, Super intendent Jourdon has not forgotten all this. It he were to give way to the popular desire that an arrest should be made at all hazards, he might sdoil the whole hunt after the murderer by taking into custody a man against whom there might be a certain amount of evidence, but not enough to convict him of the crime. fc THE I'HILAPELPHI A CANARD. 1 Quite an excitement was occasioned In tho city late in tbe afternoon by a despatch from Philadelphia announcing that a man had been tracked to that city from New York who wore a "bloody shirt and stockings," and who "also bad two or three diamonds in his possession. The report was so absurd that no person In his senses gave heed to it for a moment. The idea that a man, after committing a murder here, should proceed all the way to Philadelphia, In stead of getting rid of his shirt and stocking which he might have got stained with blood while he was doing the deed, may be an easy thing to be believed in Philadelphia, but it cer tainly does not "go down" in these parts. Gipsies bave near Montgomery, recently set np their tents Ala. They exist in the usual We have at last come upon a case of lunacy und death from pork. Mr. 8. O. Butler, of Mus catine, Iowa, came to bis death, in this way a few days ago, at the Mount Pleasant - Lunatic Aylum, In that State. He had lost heavily in hog rlefch transactions. , A gentleman named Moore was recently attacked at Loutre Lick, Ind.. by a mustang mare, while cooling her off at river. He saved himself from serious. If not fatal, Injury by dlvrcg under the animal, and seizing a club lylBg in the bed of the river, with which ho struck her several times on the head.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers