i G THE DAILY EYlsiNirtG TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, APRIL 25, 1870. THE MAY MAGAZINES. PUTNAM'S." The liny number of PittnHnin J),r(.:',i contains the following artiolen: "Our Celtic Inheritance," Professor L. Clark Soelye; ''The Tolo of a Comet," in two parts I, Edward Spencer; "Nolns Ignoto," Bayard Taylor; Tictnres in the Private Gal leries of New York" I. Galleries of Boltnont and Bloilgett, Eugene Benson; 'Ternickitty People," F. Barrow; "Madame Uolnnd,'N. 8, Dodge; "A Musical Mystery," C. P. Crauch; "The Approach of Age," John II. Bryant; "A Woman's Bight" V, Mrs. M. C. Ames; "The Organ," J. P. Jardine; "Polyglots," P. G. Hamerton; "The Academy of Design and Art Education;" "The Great Gold Flurry," J. A. Teters; "Our Political Degeneracy and its Remedy;" "A French Chatoau;" "Editorial Notes;" "Literature at Home," 11. II. Stod dard; "Literature and Art Abroad," Bayard Taylor. From the thoughtful paper on "The Aca demy of Design and Art Education" we take the following: In the academy, naturally, the practice of art is more than the philosophy or theory of art; and yet lectures oa the history and philo sophy of art do more to furnish the mi ads of students than anything short of the long ex perience of a well-nourished life. It is there lore of no little importance that the academy, in maintaining the ascendancy of art as a practice to the professional student, above art as an iisthetio intluence in society, should not neglect to instruct students in the history and theory of art in society. The object is to invest the student-mind with art in all its relations, and this can be done only by inter preting whatever is representative in the art of the past. But mere lectnres on the art of different epochs and schools are not likely to be of more value, nor of higher merit, than the average of lectnres on literature; and the student of art will probably rarely hear the most capable man of his time on art, as the student of liellet-lcttres rarely gets the best word about literature from his professor. In France the students of the Ecole des Beaux Arts were exceptionally favored and perhaps stimuluted by the lectures of Henri Taine on the history and philosophy of art; in England, at this late day, Kuskin is called to the chair of professor of art at Oxford. Now, in proportion to their personal ascendancy or magnetism, Kuskin and Taine will give direction to the powerless and sub missive minds of students, who, instead of stumbling forward in their own more or less weak and groping way, will advance like trained mediocrities, potent because of unity of aim, which they have derived from a clever and harmonious statement of art. On the other hand, these must obstruct the develop ment of more individual and unsubmissive minds, and, by the prestige which they dorive from following official instruction, easily maintain themselves in the ascendant, while a Rousseau outside of the academy, and a De- eamps in revolt against official systems, ca exist only by virtue of an indomitable con stitution and a pronounced genius for art. A generation under the teaching of a lite rary critic like Mathew Arnold, for instanoe, would disdain any such expression of graphic and vital power, any such conception of his tory, as Carlyle'a "French Revolution." A generation under the teaching of the liuskin of the first two vo.umesof "Modern Painters," would be sincerely unjust and narrowly true in its understanding of some great historic) examples of painting. This being so, the difficulty of official instruction reaching posi tive force without being narrow or intolerant, or the difficulty of official instruction being anything but negative, and therefore unsatis factory, seems insurmountable. The func tion of an organization for practice asd instruction in the line arts is to provide guidance and illumination for the feeblest and most docile minds. How shall the Academy of Design till the chair of history and philosophy of art ? And, justly appreci ating the place of art in education, really wishing to ocoupy the whole mind of the student with art, ought it not to provide lec tures on architecture, sculpture, historical, genre and landscape painting, as well as the obviously practical instruction in anatomy, perspective, painting, and modelling ? What student, and even what artist, but would like to hear II. K. Brown, or J. Quincy Ward, give his understanding of an cient and modern sculpture; Page or Gray on the Italian masters of painting; Gifford, or Kensett, or any of our chief landscapists, on landscape-art? A dozen artists of course are ready to stop us and sav: Ward, Brown, rage, Gifford, Kensett, and La Farge have something more important to do than talk to artists and students about their predilections in art; that they paint or model as they do, precisely because they are exclusively devoted to painting or modelling. The reply is more plausible than satisfactory; for it cannot be supposed that these artists, who have devoted a good part of their maturest study to the practice of a special department of art, are not oble to make a statement in the course of one or two hours' talk, before persons really inte rested in art, without draining or uuduly taxing their strength; and we maintain that a large and generous sympathy for art in a so ciety and among young men so much in need of it as our own, would speedily place the ex perience and understanding of individuals, of men of real ability, before students and fellow-artists. We do not ask from our mast honored painters, Bculptors, and architects the pretension to or solicitude about literary graces, or the skill of the rhetorician; we ask from them an hour's talk which shall impart to students the personal experience and un derstanding of what landscape art or sculp ture or architecture moy be to the particular landscapist, sculptor, or architect or portrait- Eainter, who may be called to give others the enefit of his experience simply as he would to a student in his studio. We quote this suggestive paragraph from the efcsay entitled "Onr Political Degeneracy its Cause and Remedy:" It matters little whether the immediate purposes of those who solicit special legisla tion be selfitih or not; they may be even dis interested and philanthropic; they may design to bring abont results in themselves benell cent; but if they can be accomplished only by means of an agency instituted for a wholly different purpose, by forcing the community into a false position, by a procedure which, if imitated, must lead to the most frightful abuses; in a word, if to got at them a funda mental and dangerous departure from sound principle be requisite, then it is bet ter to forego them or reach them in some other way. A bad method is none the less bad because the motives of those who resort to it are pure. More be nignant designs never actuated men than those imputed to certain schools of socialists during the French revolution of 1818: they wanted every tnnn to have work; they wantod every man to have property; thoy wanted every man to have credit; in a word, they wanted every man to be free from need, to be able to earn his own living, and to enjoy a reasonable degree of comfort and happiness. Who does not want all these things for him self and his fellows? But, then, the socialists wanted, besides, that the State fihonld guarantee work, pro perty, credit to every man without regard to his ability or deserts which was not only flatly impossible, but thoroughly unjust and .mischievous. So, in our own country and times, there are many good souls who would like the Government to build their churches, to endow high schools and colleges, to patronize the arts, to support inventors nnd scientific men, to run railroads across the continent and steamships on the high seas, and to take in hand a thousand other laudable schemes and projects. But these kind souls do not stop to think that not one of these things can be done without exacting money from somebody's reluctant pocket, which is an invasion of property; that not one of them can bo done without multiplying prodigiously the number of office-holders, which is a dau gerous extravagance; that not one of them can be done without diverting the Govern ment from its proper business as the univer sal organ, which is usurpation; and that, while the power and patronage of the State were thus swelling into congestion, the solf reliance, the sagacity, and the enterprise of individuals would be impoverished and para lyzed to a proportionate extent, which is sui cidal. "HARPER'S." JIarper't Magazine for May presents the following table of contents: "Our Barbarian Brethren," Benson J. LoBsing, with twenty four illustrations. "A Song," Mary N. Pres cott. "Albert Durer," A. II. Guernsey, with five illustrations. "The Spots in the Sun," Jacob Abbott, with fourteen illustrations. "In a Country Store," Joseph O. Goodwin, with nine illustrations. "Frederick the Great," VI. Diplomatic Intrigues and Mili tary, with four illustrations. "Handsome John Gatsimer," Alice Cary. "The Church of Jerusalem," Eugene Lawrence. "A House to Let," Annie Thomas. "Industrial Schools for Women," Elizabeth R. Peabody. "A Breach of Promise, " Mary N. Prescott. ' 'C uba and the Ostend Manifesto," Don Piatt. "A Word for Grandfathers," Rev. Samuel Os good, D. D. "Fais ton Faict," Mrs. Mary E. Parkman. "Only a Woman's Hair," Justin McCarthy. "Secular and Seotarian Schools," Lyman Abbott. "Old English Lawyers," William A. Seaver. "Editor's Easy Chair." "Editor's Literary Record." "Editor's Scien tific Record." "Editor's Historical Record, "Editor's Drawer." We make this quotation from Mr. Lossing's article on "Our Barbarian Brethren: Whence came the inhabitants of the darker regions ot tne JNoitn, now tne domain of our republic, is an open question. It has never been answered by a satisfying iact, and pro bably never will be. Nearly all investigators have travelled from the same starting-point. Assuming the unity of the human race to be a fact, according to popular biblical interpre tation, and considering the garden of delight spoken of in Holy Writ as the old homestead of the whole human family, students, revers ing the better order of logic, have been busy with guesses and in a nunt for plausible hy potheses for more than three centuries. And often lancilul and iooiisu nave been these hypotheses. Rejecting oa heterodox the idea of Lord 4vames and otners, that tne old Americans may have been an indigneous r&ce of men, and regarding the most beautiful creature of earth, who first breathed in Eden, as the n&other of us all Barbarian and Civi lized Man scholars have earnestly sought for coincidences of language, traditions, customs, and crania, for proof that the first dull-red people of this continent were tawny immi grants from Asia. They have cited some mystio poetry of the half fabulous bards, or the dark, oracular sayings of the priests and seers and philosophers of ancient days, to show that our continent was undoubtedly known to early navigators of the Mediterra ranean Sea, and was naturally peopled by them or their countrymen. They have cited, in proof, passages from Uesiod and Homer. They have have pointed to the narratives of Hanno, the Carthaginian explorer of the seas. They have argued nervously from dialogues of Theopompns, and sen tences from the stories of Diodorug Siculus, Plato and Aristotle. They have strained common-sense to its utmost tension in the arrangement of fancied evidences that the aborigines of America were descendants of the Phoenicians, or of the Chinese or Japa nese family of Mongolians, or the Egyptians, or the Hindoos; and writers like Grotius, Thorowgood, Adair, Boudinot, and others, have argued, without showing a single pre mise of solid fact, that the fathers of our bar barian brethren were the men of the "lost tribes of Israel," who "took counsel to go forth into a further country, where never mankind dwelt." Cotton Mather sturdy Par- son Mather wno beneved and seemed to have an m witches, intimate ac as we first qnaintance with Lucifer, forcibly, saying, " And know not when or how the guessed though Indians became inhabitants of this mighty continent, yet we may guess that probably the Devil whom he called the "old usurping landlord of America" decoying these miserable sal vages hither, in hopes that the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ would never come here to destroy or disturb ms absolute empire over them." Might not mere theorists find a good example in Mather, who, when satisfied that the delusion of witchoraft had made a fool of him, declared that the subject was "too dark and deep for ordinary comprehension," and referred its decision to the Day of Judg ment?" Mather's idea that the red race is morally devilihh, and not fairly human, exoept in shape, seems to have been a prevailing one with the civilized man, especially of the typo of the belligerent settler, and the soltish trader, contractor, and othor promoters of frontier wars, ever since his first contuct with that race. He accepts the theory as the most agreeable and profitable solution of the question of the origin of our barbarian breth ren; for it gives license to the froe action of the mailed hand, whose warraut for its vio lence and wrong is the doctrine of the op- iiressor in every form, that Might makus Mght. It gives countenance to the opinion of on eminent British author an opi nion that seems to be largely preva lent in the pulpit, in legislative halls, and around the chairs of state, in our country that they are "animals of an infe rior order, incapable of acquiring religious ; knowledge, or being trained to the functions ' of civil life." It justifies the assertion that the Indian's way of life "surely affords proof that he is not destined by Providence perma nently to exist." As all the civilized nutious were once more or loss barbarous, and some of them savage, may we not reasonably con' elude that, if the red members of our oom. mon household bad been troated by their conquerors and holders of power ovnr theiu as men and as brethren, and not as creatures void of reuson, and without the pule of inter national right, aud been taught righteous ness by perpetual example, they might have acquired as clear a charter for permanent ex istence as other children of the All-Father ? From the paper on "Albert Durer," by A. II. Guernsey, we quote as follows: Albert Durer was born at Nurnberg, on the L'Olh of May, 1 171, and died on the (ith of April, l"(i!8. His father, an honest, God fearing man, was a skilful goldsmith, and wished his son to follow the same profession. But the boy's bent was toward Art; and at the age of fifteen he was placed with Wohlge muth, the most noted painter in his native city. In three years he learned all that his master could teach him. He had before this made good progress in his profession. There is extant a portrait of himself at the age of thirteen, which gives evidence of decided talent. At the ago of three-and-twenty Durer mar ried the pretty Agnes Frey, who turned out a nnd shrew, and led him an uncomfortable life. Her fortune, most probably, enabled him to purchase the house in which he lived and wrought. It Btill stands. It can hardly be called a princely mansion. It is entered through a wide door which admits into a covered court-yard, which is really the sup port for the rooms above, for the habitable portions of the house are all up stairs. The walls of the upper part of the house are of that kind of construction known as "half timber." The second story presents nothing very remarkable; but climbing np a rather dnrk stairway which the foot of Durer must often have trodden, almost four centuries ago, the traveller of to-day reaches the third floor, the real home of Albert Durer. The front room of this story is a fine apartment. It is lighted by "windows with cusped mullions. The view from the window of this room is quaint enough. Dominating over all is the Castle of Nurnberg, which look! very like a somewhat dilapidated manufactory. At the foot of the castle runs a straight street, bor dered by odd edifices, which leads towards the Durer I'latz and Rauch's statue. One quaint building standing just opposite Durer'a win dow deserves special note. It overtops all its neighbors, and its high-pitched roof is crowned by a sort of balcony tower. This building beurs the name of "Pilate's House;" for therein resided Martin Koetzel, who had been twice to the Holy Land, and had brought back with him exact measurements of the way to Calvary from the supposed place of trial. He laid down the distances upon the map of Nurnberg, making his own house to stand for that of Pilate, the line stretching forward to the cemetery of St. John; and upon this road, which is now named Durer Strasse, Adam Kraft was erect ing sculptures of the "Seven Agonies," which still remain in good preservation. Dnrer's active life measured the'great in tellectual uprising of the sixteenth century. Two years before he set up his studio in Nurnburg, Columbus had discovered the New worm, j-iutner was singing for his bread in the streets of Eisenach; Raphael was making his first drawings; Michael Angelo, three years the junior of Durer, had not begun that series of works which were to entitle him to be considered the mightiest artist whom the world has yet known. Art in Italy had, in deed, within a few years, made rapid ad vances. But Italy was then a long way from Germany; and Durer knew nothing of the works of the great Italian painters. He had to be his own master; and even when, in mid dle life, he visited Italy, the works of the great southern painters influenced him bat little. From first to last he was Albert Durer, the German. Italian painters were wont to give portraits of their mistresses as representa tions of the Virgin. Durer, too, painted Madonaas; but none of these were portraits of women of dovbtful character. Albert Dnrer's artistic life lasted something more than thirty years. We believe that no man, before or since, has left behind him for bo long a period so many memorials of his labor. Counting up his works now extant, after a lapse of almost four centuries, they number paintings, engravings, and draw ings fully a thousand, the authenticity of which is unquestioned, besides many others in respect to which art critics are in doubt. The list of the works, the authenticity of which may be considered proven, is about as follows: Paintings, 2150; engravings on cop per, 100; engravings on wood, 2.10; drawings and sketches, 420. Hew many may have been lost, er have escaped the observation of his biographers, no man can say. Albert Durer'a place in art is unquestioned. In grandeur of thought, solemnity of feeling, and tenderness of expression he found no equal, and left no superior. Yet it must be admitted that there was running through all his works a vein of grotesqueness, which, in a measure, mars their artistio value. Some thing of this may be owing to his mixed blood. On his father's side he was Hun garian. His paternal ancestors were sprung from the wild hordes that Attila lod into Europe. Wherever they settled they 4 'occu pied themselves with cattle and horses," as Albert says of his immediate paternal ances tors. On his mother's side he was German; and thus he inherited two opposite strains of character the wild Oriental and the sober Teutonic; both, though from a different point, opposed to the Latin form of culture which hud for generations been the only type of Christendom. From Elizabeth R. Peabody's article on "Industrial Schools for Women" we make this extract: What are the duties and claims of women who are coming forward to fill their places in family and social life; and what are the insti tutions we want to prepare them to do these duties; especially, what is the place among tin in of industrial schools ? For, certainly, the general reformation of industrial life in our cluy must also change home life, whose accustomed industry is of an antiquated type, machinery and manufactories having lilted the work of ppinning and weaving from its prenKure on biBgle-handud strength. Even the ordinary luundry aud needlo-work is tronsferred to largo publio establishments; nnd, in proportion, female labor en manse bus becoiue a demand, and of commer cial valuo in the market. It is not uncom mon to see in our daily papers advertisements of the furnishing establishments of our cities culling for a hundred or five hundred female laborers; culls answered all too quickly from the country by girls who know not to what they come. We all know how sadly this demand for female lubor is influencing the working-women's question every where by the xnauy advertisements of work wanted, and the sad contrast of work and wages. Miaa Marwedel says that a Lon don dry goods merchant, wanting sonio tbirfy working-women, was obliged to sen J away, not without the help of the police, seven hun dred womnu who gathered round his door at seven o'clock in the morning of a rainy No vember day! And the average nnmier of governesses in London who apply for pUcos every day is more than two thousand! It is mentioned in the London Times that a gen tleman wanting a governess received five hundred and ten applications! Governesses in the work-houses of England are not un common. There are also ten times more governesses that pass their examinations in Prussia than are wanted. Yet there' is another fact which, in this connection, it may seem hard to believe: in the very same plaons tbere is an unfulfilled demand for thoroughly skilled laborers of very many kinds. In un dertaking to show why and how this is, Miss Marwedel Bays: "It used to be said in Ger many that a girl leaving school at fourteen could support hernelf." But the influence of the home and school education is dependent on its keeping pace with the wants of the times; and the German schools, though they have adopted some improvements, have not done so. At the time the above-mentioned proverb arose all situations for girls of four teen were supposed to be inside of families. dJhit now, when girls are thrown into facto ries and 6hps, unguarded, on their own re sponsibility, the case is different. Physically feeble and half-developed, not fitted to act and think independently, unsupported by the requisite preliminary knowledge, they pass from the constraint of school rules to a per sonal freedom they do not know how to use. The necessary consequences are all the moral evils to which our poor f aotory girls and domestic servants are exposed; and which, we are too apt to say, are "the charac teristic faults of our time," forgetting that we are responsible, by reason of our more commanding positions, for these same char acteristics. We are proud of our hospitals and alms houses, of our reformatories and work-houses, of our asylums and regulated prisons, of onr life insurances for the sick and for burial expenses. But all these things are for the middle and end of spoiled and infirm lives. What a blessed change in onr moral and social circumstances it would be if society and the State should take equally generous care to invigorate and preserve the nncontaminated healthy limbs of our youth, especially of onr female youth, and to give moral ripeness to their characters ! We are proud of our schools as models for other nations; but we take our children out of them when they have re ceived less than nothing for the conduct of practical life, and most need good examples and moral protection, neither strengthened in inner capacity nor outside practical ability, even when they have, what the majority never do have, a year of regular apprentice ship. What necessarily must be the lot of the workincwomen of to-day ? Without any systematic instruction in the majority of cases, instead of being skilled in labor, in a hopeless mediocrity, their lot is the sorrowful one of working for any wages; and this is not all, for the better working power is drawn down by the iron law of demand and supply to the same starvation prices. This is not only true in Germany; the workingwomen of France, England, and America are suffering in the same way. FINANOIAU JayCooke&Cp. PHILADELPHIA- NEW YORK, AND WASHINGTON, BANKERS ADO Dealers in Government Securities. Special attention given to the Purchase and Sale of Bonds and Stocks on Commission, at the Board of Brokers In this and other cities. INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. COLLECTIONS HADE ON ALL POINTS. GOLD AND SILVER BOUGHT AND SOLO. RELIABLE RAILROAD BONDS FOB INVEST MENT. Pamphlets and full information given at oar office, JNo. 114 S.TIIIRD Street, PHILADELPHIA. 418m gEVEfJ PER CENT. First Mortgage Bonds OF TUB Danville, Hazleton, and Wilkes- barre Kailroad. 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ACCOUNTS RECEIVED, AND INTEREST AL LOWED ON DAILY BALANCES. 1 263m SILVER On hand and FOR SALE In amounts and sizes to 8U1T. BE HA YEN & BK0. No. 40 South THIRD Street. iiu PHILADELPHIA. WE OFFER FOR SALE THE FIRST MORTGAGE BONDS Or THB SOUTHERN PENNSYLVANIA IRON AUD RAILROAD COMPANY. ThM Bond ran THIRTY TEARS, and pay SEVEN PBR CENT, interest in gold, clear of all taxes, payable at the First Mational Bank in Philadelphia. The amount of Bond issued 1 8643,000, and are secured bj a First Mortgage on leal estate, railroad, and franchises of the Company the former of which oost two hundred thousand dollars, which ha been paid for from Stock subscriptions, and after the railroad is finished, so that the product of the mines can be brought to market, it is estimated to be worth 81,000,000. 1 ha Kailroad connect with the Cumberland Valley Railroad about four miles below OhamberBbarg, and ran through a section of the most fertile part of the Cumber land Valley. 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A bINKINO FUND ia alao provided, which will reduco the principal of tbe debt TWO THIRDS of it entire amount in advance of tho maturity of the bonds. We have investigated tbe advantagee of this Railroad! and tbe merit of the enterprise, and confidently recom mend thee bonds to our customers aud t he public. DRAKE KKOTHEKN Ranker, No. lti Broad street. New York. A limited number of the Ronda(iaaued in denomination of tMKiand $1iamj) are otTored at K4 and interest from November 1. in currency, and at this pri, e are the CHEAPEST GOLD INTEREST BKAIUNU SECURI TIES IN THB MARKET. Maps and Pamphlet, which eiplain satisfactorily every question that can possibly be raised by a party seeking a safe aud profitable investment, will be furnished on appli cation. SAMUEL WORK, BANKER, I'o. 35 South Till II I Street, PHILADELPHIA. SUmtb QLUIVDIIVNIXU, UAYIS Ac CO., No. 48 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILADELPHIA, GlEKDINNiNG, DAVIS & AMORT, No. 2 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK, BANKERS AND BROKERS. Receive deposits subject to check, allow Interest on standing and temporary balances, and execute orders promptly for the purchase and sale or STOCKS, BONDS and GOLD, In either city. Direct telegraph communication from Philadelphia house to New York. I a B. K. JAMISON & CO. SUCCESSORS TO V. J?. KELLY & CO., BANKERS AND DEALERS IN Gold, Silver, and Government Bonds At Closest Market Bate, N. W. Cor. THIRD and CHESNUT Sts. Special attention given to COMMISSION ORDERS In New York and Philadelphia Stock Boards, etc, eta ; 8M P, 8. PETERSON & CO.. STOCK BROKERS, No. S South TIIIR1 Street. ADVANCES MADE ON GOOD COLLATERAL PAPER. MoBt complete facilities for Collecting Maturing. Country Obligations at low cost, INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. 1 6f Jj B E X IS L A C 0. 1 No. 84 SOUTH THIRD STREET, American and ITorein ISSUE DRAFTS AND CIRCULAR LETTERS OF CREDIT available on presentation In any part of Europe. Travellers can make all their financial arrange menu through na, and we will collect their Interest and dividends without charge. DlUtXKL, Wlr. TUB OP k CO.,jDXSI, HiBJSS A CO, New York, I Paris. fjl E LLIOTT i u rt w BANKERS No. 109 SOUTH THIRD STREET, DEALERS IN ALL GOVERNMENT SECUHI.. TIES, GOLD BILLS, ETC. DRAW BILLS OP EXCHANGE AND I830B. COMMERCIAL LETTERS OF CREDIT ON THE UNION BANK OF LONDON. ISSUE TRAVELLERS' LETTERS OF CREDIT ON LONDON AND PARIS, available throughout Europe. WU1 collect all Coupons and Interest froe of charga for parties making their financial arrangements - With bfc M6C S J "V 23 FOR SALE. C. T. YEP.KES, Jr., &' CO., BANKERS AND BROKERS, Wo. SO 8outh THIRD Street. 2 PHILADELPHIA.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers