THE DAILY, EVENING TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY, MAY 14, 18C9. c MODERN VENETIAN (.LASS AM) ENA MEL MOSAICS. 'rotn the Ci'mhHl Magatine. 'At the extreme end of tho Pi. of Mark there is ol'ncrvatile a shop crowded with objects s viiried and ns exqtiiHito in form as the clouds t funnel over the lagoon; hs lirijiht and tender, and hiirmonlons In color, s the necks and brcaBts of St. Mink's own doves. If you have a weakness for old Venetian Rims, and have sought for specimens In amateur collections and old cu riosity shops throughout Eiiropo.lierc your atten tion is at once arrested, and you aro M rlincd to feel that yon need seek no i"rllcr. If, on the contrary, you have taken pr.de the flnshinir mnrklin". anirii ar unties of cut-tfl.iss, Jouwi'llse, ce v feline that the forms ...fore Vo . I . I tl c forms to which you are accus fo, 'cd C of l.lentieal nrntorlnf. und that the di lerenee results alone from the greater or less p "ception of the beautiful by the eye and he Swifter or flower obedience to its rule, of the Imtld of man. F.ntering, you Will be surprised in cither case to learn that those glowing, chas tened drooping chandeliers with their festoons and garlands, each leaf and tendril copied from nature those lily-shaped vases and crocus fowls, iec-lrosled ilagons, opal beakers, filigree decanters, and tlaine-splralled glasses those emerald, purple, or ruby-tinted chalices, those agate or chalccdonie urns and silvcr Fpraved mirrors are all the handiwork of the modern glas-blowers of Munmo. whose eye for eolor and delicacy of touch once the lost mrets of the past prove them worthy as well as lineal descendants of the l?;irovieri and Miotti, tho fSegusi, liarbini, and the legion of artists wliose genius won world-wide tame tor themselves, and wealth and honor for the Srrr nissima. , - . But for the commerce and industry of enice jn the past, we should not gao to-day on her marble-encrusted palaces and star-studded churches, and unless that commerce and indus try be revived, we lmit not only lay aside all hope for her art life in the future, but inut resign ourselves to see her priceless art-treasures of the past lade, and slowly but surely perish. It is admitted by all that no city of the Peninsula has sullcred and lost, for the sake of unity und independence, more than Venice. In 18f7"she had regained a portion of her ancient prosperity. With 18sherdisasters recommenced. To a direct outlay of fifty millions of francs dur ing the siege of 184!) which, for a population of one hundred and twenty thousand, was ua enormous sii'm must be guided the indirect burdens of stagnant commerce, trebled taxation, exiled sous, the resolve of her ' exasperated victors to exalt Trieste at her expense, and, finally, her separa tion from Lomhardy by a custom "house line in 1S.r!l. In lsiili Italy welcomed with genuine cor diality this favorite sister, "but the condition of tho family finances prevented her from tender ing much pecuniary assistance. Blunders, for tunately fiot irreparable, in commercial treaties; the futile attempt to compete with Trieste on unequal terms; and the delusion, common to all w ho have been for any time subject to despotic rule, that the Government ought forthwith to make and mend everything without much effort in that respect on the part of the people these and minor mishaps have retarded the progress which in two years might reasonably have been expected. Still, some-advance is visible. Schools are open and fairly attended; workingnien's asso ciations, co-operative societies, and a popular library founded; a technical institute or high commercial school established; water streets are being drained, the canal leading from the port of Malamoco to the Arsenal is being deepened to receive vessels of the largest size, while a regular line of steamers in correspondence with the In dian mail is established hcttvecu Venice, Brtn disi, and Alexandria. Projects for docks .ind bonded warehouses, lor a direct water entrance to St. Mark's I'laee, and for establishing direct commercial relations with foreign countries, are on foot; and Parliament has just voted eleven millions for repairing and enlarging the Arsenal. Meanwhile, foremost among accomplished faets Btand the manufactures of glit!s and of enamel mosaics, the rapid strides made during two years leaving no doubt that, if present efforts continue, and the commonest luck attend them, Venice will once more reign supreme in the magic regions from which she herself be lieved her children to be forever tmnished. The "art of glass," as it is called to the pre sent day, was. according to the most accredited historians, brought to the desert islands by the fugitives who iirst drove the pile and laid the foundations of the sea-girt city; and when it is remembered that the Romans were the first to learn that art from the Phceni cians, and that the glass factories of Home, up to the fall of the empire, outrivalled those of Syria and Kgypt, there is no reason to doubt that the inhabitants of the most flourishing cities of the Roman Empire, when abandoning them to the inroads of the barbarians, carried with them, in their imaginations and at the tips of their fingers, this useful art, dependent merely on fancy, dexterity, and the simplest materials. The first distinct record, however, is in 101K). From that date to 1201, the glass factories and furnaces increased so rapidly in Venice that either because they exposed the city to frequent fires, or because of the peculiar color-brightening atmosphere of Murano the Maggior Con Biglio ordered them all to he removed to that island, then considered a suburb of the city. In the Corrcr Museum l presented the Mar is tola iltifiokri de Muran, whence we glean the laws that regulated, the privileges granted, and the penalties that menaced this race of artists, dear as their own power to the republican aristocrats. They were divided into four classes: First, the glass-blowers; secondly, the mirror and window glass makers; thirdly, the bead-makers; fourthly, the workers in rods and enamels. Each class was governed by a bodv of niuo members; live owners of factories, and four head artists, or maestri, chosen bv the work men, and subject to the political vigi lance of the Council of Ten. Two individuals, chosen by this body, had the right of entry to nil the workshops day and night, to see that nil went on regularly. The workshops opened on the 1st of October and closed on :51st July. The owners of factories and the foremen were re quired to contribute an annual sum for the maintenance of uul'ortunate manufacturers or unemployed foremen, for the aged and iutirm and every owner to give a ducaCand every fore man a day's wages, for -the support of the Beliools, In order to attain to the rank of fore man, or maestro, uu apprentice, or garzune was required to execute a given work' and submit it to the judgment of the eotnparto' or body of nine. If the work was ap proved, he became a maestro: if rejected, he remained in the garzouado. When the foremen were too numerous, no further trials were pur mitted; when tho apprentices exceeded the ne cessary number, foremen were forbidden to take fresh piiiiils. Terrible were the punishments lnllictcd on any Muranese who taught his art to any but a native of the island. It he lied with his secret to a. foreign land, he was peremptorily sum moned to return; if he failed to obey the sum mons, his nearest relatives were imprisoned. If he still remained callous to his duty to the Republic, an emissary was commissioned to put him to death. It is dillicult to ascertain when the first enamels were made in Venice: but it is certain that in the eleventh and twelfth centuries Uyzantino artists taught the Venetians to pcr- leciuicm; unu sueu apt, pupus uiu tliey prove tllat "those who pasted oft enamels for precious fttoucs were fined one thousand ducats, and con demned to iwo years' imprisonment in tho jiozzl." The privileges conferred were no less import ant. The citizens of Murano were entitled to fill tho first ollices of the republic. All tho glass workers might carry a Vasina di eoltelli, . e. two knives In a sheath. Neither tho llargillo filrirri, nor even their chief, Missier grande, could laud on the island; native magistrates alone could arrest a citizen, and send him to the su preme tribunals. Tho Muraueso had the right of entering the first veota, or nmgiiillceiulv decorated barque, which accompanied the Doge tt Asccuslon-day to wed the Adriatic, after which ceremony they might coin their own gold and fcilvcr oselle. Hut the most precious privi lege was conferred OU tlie fcdaughteiij ol tlie m,nufaelu and of the htfmrn, w h allowed to wed with Vu.fHUn I' ' children inheriting the other's rank, wh il vilcire onsfdering tho jealousy and exc usivc n ess of the aristocrats, vet. one a fair notion of The esteem In which the tflass art was held. In lr4d the l.ibro d'oro was instituted; only those born in Murano of fathers also born there were inscribed as citizens. '1 he book of parch ment still exists in the Museum of Murano; 173 families wero first registered, then other 17, by order of the Supremo Tribunal. Of these, 87 existed at tho fall of the republic, and 54 arc still extant. ... Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the art of glass nourished and pro gressed, bringing an annual revenue of eight millions of ducats to the Srrenissima. In tho eighteenth it was less nourishing, and with the faTl of the republic, like all cNe, decayed. The Austrians naturally encouraged the manufac tured of Bohemia, Styrhi, and Curintliiii, and, moreover, regarded tho regulations and socie ties of the Muranese as dangerous political associations. Many of the maestri emigrated to other lands, bearing w ith them their magic art. With the exception ot the bead manufacture, in which department Venice has ever held her own, the glass art was for a time utterly lost. The specimens of old Venetian blown glass were sought for as eagerly as pictures by her great masters, and purchased at bibulous pi ices; while, as a proof that the manufacture of enamels had almost ceased, it may be noted that Gregory AVI. born in Venice and educated at Murano, chose, as a gil t to his birthplace, Koman enamels to be employed in the repairs of St. Mark. Not that the Muranese had forgotten the art, as, in 1811 and 1818, two exquisite tables in orna mental mosaic went wrought by Benedetto Bar bariu for Napoleon I and Francisco 1 of Austria, but monumental mosaic being then altogether neglected, the demand, and consequently the supply of enamels ceased. About I S!:5, Lo renzo Kadi and Francisco Torcellan. both Mu ranese. set to work to discover the lost secrets of the material of which these enamels were made, and the still more dillicult art of fusion. In 1840 they received the gold medal from the Venetian Acadomv for their gold and silver enamels; and the collection now existing in the Murnno Museum is considered by connoisseurs eijual in all respects, and in the tlcsh-tints superior, to those of the ancients. Fortunately for these persevering men, their efforts became known to r. Salviati, an enterprising, art-loving lawyer, who warmly espoused the idea set on foot by the Abbiitc Zannctti, of restoring to Venice one at least of her ancient glories. To have re covered the methods of manufacturing the old enamels was but one step in the right direction; artists must be trained to use them in the resto ration of the old, and in the manufacture of new mosaics. So Salviati opened a mosaic school, chose the best .artists from the Venetian Aca demy, summoned a first-rate lnosaicist from Rome, and formed a drawing-class for working men. Perhaps the first specimen of their skill was exposed to the public on the walls of the "Venetian Enamel Mosaic Works," on the grand Canal, w here from a gold ground- the figures of Titian and Tintoret stand out in exquisite relief, and bid fair to defy the moisture and cold of a climate that has destroyed all other attempts at exterior mural painting. In 1801 the Commis sion appointed by the Imperial Royal Academy to visit the establishment expressed, as the result of the examination, "the conviction so strong that it could not well be stronger of the excel lence displayed in every department of the works." Safviati's first great commission was received from the Queen for the Wolscy Chapel nt Windsor, where the sollits of the twelve-side windows and the twenty-eight panels of the blank west window arc occupied with the full-length figures of kings aud historic personages in mo saic on gold ground; while the spaces between the ribs of the groined roof are covered with angels, inscriptions, coat-of-arms, foliage, etc., covering 11(K) square feet. In St. Paul's the large picture of Isaiah and two angels was exe cuted by Salviati's artists, who have also con tributed much to the embellishment of tho Albert Memorial, on the four pediments of which arc aUegorieal figures on gold ground rep resenting painting, architecture, sculpture, and poetry, and beneath the pediments, on span drels, other figures illustrative of tho arts sym bolized by those above. The Irlne vault is studded with gold stars and coats-of-arms. These, together with the decorations of the Mausoleum at Frogmore, in the facade of the Wedgwood Memorial at Burslean, offer English amateurs fair opportunities of judging for themselves of the adaptation of enamel mosaic to interior and exterior mural decoration. When I last visited the studio on the Grand Canal, I found several of the mosaics of St. Mark's un dergoing repairs on the floors aud tables of the room! In 18(11, the administration of the Cathedral entered into a contract with Salviati to supply all tho enamels required, and last year he con tracted for all the repairs of the pavements and. domes, to be executed in fourteen years, I20.000 francs to be paid annually for the mere labor. Already, twelve large figures in tho cupola nearest the entry have been repaired, some literally manufactured. These mosaics aro of the thirteenth century. When first examined from the pavement, they seemed intact; but, on closer inspection,', it was found that, while the tessera' adhered closely to the cement, me cement tiau oecome almost en tirely detached from tho cupola owing to the cracking of the walls, from subsidence of the foundations. Before displacing the figures, a tracing is taken, and an exact colored sketch made by a first-rate artist. Then the figure is taken down and carried to the studio, and the same tessera', freed from the cement, used in the reproduction, except the flesh-tints, which have faded. The next under taking is to be the Apocalypse, which is almost entirely ruined. This was the grand work of the mosaieists of the fifteenth century, from tho cartoons of Titian, Tintoret, und Paul Veronese. rirst-rate artists arc now preparing the cartoons from antique sketches, preserved, it is said, in the archives of the cathedral. The figures as ret replaced are such perfect, reproductions Mint looking upwards from the pavement, it is hardly possible tor the finest judges to distinguish the modem from the ancient. To those who have read Madame Sand's ex quisite talc of "Les Mail res Mosuistes," it will sound strange to hear of mosaics being manu factured in a studio; but to this possibility Sal viati owes much of his present success. In olden days tho mosaic was executed on the spot, the tessera- being fixed one by one on tho cement prepared; but Salviati has trained his men to reverse the cartoons, and put in tho tessera' with the surface downwards a coarse paper, on which is a rough sketch of tho car toon, covered with paste, serving to keep them together. When the subject is completed, it is carefully packed and sent to its destination, where a skilful artist fixes it on the wall or dome with a siiecial cement, which Salviati uilirins to be identical with that employed bv the ancients. In this manner. (Uoo square feet of mosaic have been manufactured during the last vcar. Tho workmanship differs according to tfie poiut of view roni which the decoration is to bo seen. 1 he finest specimens cost 1!5 francs, the coarsest 40 Irenes per square foot. This method does not apply to Pictorial mosaic, which requires t ne utmost skill of a first-rate mosaicist, such as this establishment can boast in Podio, w ho .exe cuted the figure of Niceolo Pisano, from Leigh ton s cartoon, f,- ti. ew (:onrt 0f the Ken sington Museum, and the Giorglone, Apelles, Jienozzo Gozzoli, and William of Wykeham, Which now adorn the walls. This artist im proves at every fresh attempt. His Marco Polo, now in the show room at the establishment, find the Columbus, surpass for delicate gradation of tiut, richness and vividness ot eolor, tloW f drapery, and grandnoss of expression, all his former works. To this success Salviati has contributed not a littlo by Ins instruments f,. cutting tho enamels into ail conceivable geometrical figures, whereas, In past iiuvn, mu icssene were all cut in quiuimngumr shapes. Thanks to tho sinews of war furnished by an English company, tho establishment on tho Grand Canal is no longer dependent on the noble, persevering, but err:' lie Kadi for its cu ameli, but has furnaces of lis own at Murauo which produce nearly all tho required tmts. When stock was tuk.cn. ou Ist December, im, it was found that tho company possessed 70.000 kilograms of enamel, of 1700 different colors and gradations. Some of tho paste still balllc them, such, for instance, as tho famous anrpntu rino, which is only produced by Bigaglla and Zeechin In perfection. ' The ingredients, ami even the proportions.arc known to all. but do not, in different eases produce, the desired result. Only last month I saw a largo block, just re moved from tho furnace, as dull and lifeless as mahogany. The chemists and workmen who, by-the-way, shut out masters and proprietors when they arc making an experiment wero bit terly disappointed, and declared that they had found out everything snvo the right heat to be secured at the moment that the gold crystallizes. , These experiments arc too costly to be often re peated; and In these departments artistic en thusiasm is considerably tempered by the repre sentative of tho English shareholders, who has brought into the concern a measure of worldly wisdom, the only element formerly wanting to insure success. As soon as he had established his mosaic works on a sure foundation, Salviati turned hU atten tion to the revival of Venetian blown glass, and in this department has exceeded tho expec tation of his most sanguine admirers. In the eighteenth century this art was so utterly lost that Giuseppe Briatie, in order to recover some of flic secrets, worked ns a porter in a glass factory in Bohemia, and on his return obtained from the Kepublic the exclusive right of nnuu facturc, and a law prohibiting the introduction of any foreign glass into Venice. His manu factory existed until 1700, after which period, if wc except a few successful attempts made by Domenico Bussolin, the author of. a very interesting little pamphlet cntiiitled "Les eclebrcs Verrerics do Vcnise ct do Mu rano," the art of glass seemed hopelessly lost. As late ns June, 18ii(l, Mr, Chaffers, in his paper on early Venetian glass, speaks of its chief beauties as things of the past. The methods of manipulating reticulated flass, lie tells us, "are yet undiscovered, and all attempts at imitation have been hitherto unsuc cessful." He speaks of the rich sapphire color as lost, and gives an engraving of a cup, regarded as quite unique, for which Mr. Slado paid 11000 francs. At the present moment you may set before Antonio Seguso, orAntonio and Giovanni Barovicr, any specimen of old Vene tian glass, aud they Avill copy it with all its perfections, and, if you choose. Its imperfec tions, and hand you a fae-simile in eolor, form, and weight, made under your own eye. Both iu 180 and 1808 I spent hours in the work-room of Murano, fascinated, despite the blinding heat, by tho fairy forms and rainbow hues evolved be fore my eyes: by the intense, grave, sileut en thusiasm of the workmen, which extends itself even to the small children admitted to watch the proceedings; by the impossibility of quitting the scene of labor until the piece in hand could be secured from failure by completion. On my first visit the head workm-uv was re quested by Salviati to make mo any article I might fancy; I chose a wine-glass with deep bowl, initial stem, and broad, ruby-tinted foot. The man dipped his hollow iron rod into a pot of molten white glass, caught up a lump, rolled it on an iron slab, popped it into a furnace, blew through his rod, tossed it aloft, and a hollow hall appeared. His assistant handed him a rod of metal, in which a green serpent seemed coiled in a white cage; tills he caught, and, quick as lightning, formed two initials, touching the bowl with the tip of tho M, to which it ad hered. Then his assistant offered more white glass, which was joined to the bottom of the M, spun around, opened with nippers, and so the foot was formed. Again in the fur nace, and then the shears opened and hollowed tlie deep and slender bowl. Then the assistant handed a scrap of ruby molten glass, of which tlie master caught a hair, as it were, wound it round tlie rim of the bowl, and of the foot. Once more into an upper oven, where it must remain till the morrow to cool, and then I drew a long breath of relief; for knowing that if the inetal be too hot or too cold, if too much or too little be taken on tho rod, the weight and eolor will be faulty; that too quick or too slow an action on the part of the assistant, in presentingor withdrawing his rod, may spoil the whole one canaut watch such processes without intense excitement. This ex citement the workmen share iu their own silent fashion; and when any rare experiment is going on, all gather round the master iu breathless anx iety, while no sound comes from the parted lips save in the form of a hint or caution. During my last visit th.c question was how to remedy a defect in an exquisite antique ewer, of white and sapphire, lent by tlie Brescian Museum to be copied. The scroll handle, in the original, had a pinch, and the pinch was renewed in the copy. The workman said that it was necessa rily produced by the assistant's shears in hand ing the scroll to be fixed. "Let him hold it higher," said one: "then I shall fix tlie haudle awry." And such was the result. He tried again, and this time tlie proper curve was not attained. Once more, and by a dexterous movement he caught the scroll iu the air, it seemed to me, and fixed it in its right place, producing the sapphire ewer exactly, minus only the detective piuch. But these men by no means restrict their efforts to servile copies. Salviati used to allow them two hours for original attempts; and Zan nctti, a sort of superintendent, now that the heat of the furnace is too much for his eyes, is most fertile in producing new designs. The immense lanipadaro one of five ordered by Prince Gio vanelli, to adorn the ball-room of his palace is a sort of co-operative design. It is of white glass; the candlesticks, ruby-tinted, seemingly hung by frail, transparent links of purest gloss; pinks and tulips, with their spiked upright leaves, blossom between the tiers; while and tills is the iunovatiou garlands of leaves and flower, such as are now blossoming iu the early spring, arc hung beneath the bosses, which are gene rally ugly and forlorn. The hanging latnpadaro is by far "tlie largest ever blown, and is composed of innumerable different pieces; so that, if any get broken, they can be at once replaced. Sal viati imagined the garlands, Zannctti designed the chandelier. Barovicr grew tho field flowers, and Segoso wrought the parts. Such is the per fection to which this master has attained, that he will turn out any gireu number of pieces of precisely the 6iime"size, form, and weight. rlhis perfect obedience of the hand to the eye is the ne plus vltra of the artist in glass. In tho same room with their fathers are two young lads, who work together, one week as master, the next as assistant. I watched them as they stood at the furnace mouth one sedate, stem, intent as his father; the other, the master of tho week, brlght cved, restless, but tlie deftest little imp imagina ble. Beakers of nebulous opal, ewers, va-es, mill unu niin from bis lairv rod; nut, a ins father pointed out, ho could not flmin-a alike, neither could he yet make two manage to the modern .iini-i-ii the colors. This Is one of ...i.,,.,',,i,u r,( Miii-.nio. For two side cornices of the Casino Borghese, Zannctti had designed two w,. ..lmiwlelieis. A broad raised foot ot opal nvventnrino, and ruby, on which opaque white swans cluster, bears up tlie transparent tiers of candlesticks, each piece fitting into the piece above, so that the. heavy iron rod in 1 ho centre is dispensed with. The dillU'iilty expe rienced by Seguso in blowing his hollows of precisely tho right size to receive tho piece to be Inserted was great, but ho overenme it. Then, as though this were not sulli ci'ent, the foot did lis utmost to plague him; the three paste declined to keep company; all would go peaceably into tho annealing oven, but ou the morrow the ruby had sprung, or the avveu turino had cracked, or the opal itself gaped in despair at its refractory companions. Only alter six trials did they all behave themselves, and tlie chandelier was sent to tho casino on the appointed day. Another petty device ii the conjunction of opaque and transparent glass; for instance, dessert plates with opaque white latliciido centre, and sea-green, ruby, sapphire, or purple transparent borders. These opaque centres lend themselves kindly to tho miniature painter's brush, and very exquisite are the glasses, bowls, plates and dishes ornamented w ith views of Venice, portraits of the Doges, aud of children. Whether so much time aud skill should bo lavished on such a fragile body is a question for purchasers to decide. The price of these productions iniibt uecessivrlly to high, as it often happens, with porcelain, that the surface cracks tn tho furnace after tlie painter's work Is perfected, and when this is tlie easo it may be urged, with Mr. Ruskin, that It Is a sin to waste so much timo and exquisite handi work on such perishable material. This point conceded, it would still be matter for regret if the introduction of English capital were to in volve the absolute sncritlco of beauty to utility. The wages of the glass artists are of course high, ranging from 'i to C4 per week. But then tho masters arc few and unique having been edu cated gradually for this newly revived art and the intense heat so seriously affects the eyesight that few can pass the age of forty at tho furnace mouth. The men might, of course, in lieu of devoting their time and labor to the production of such costly articles as wo see In tho show room, turn out glasses and bottles by the thou sand, and in such wise insure the commercial prosperity of tlie concern. Still, to turn the Murano studio into a mere glass and bottle manu factory would be to deny its origin, to say nothing of breaking the hearts of masters and men. Indeed, in this, as in most cases, beauty and utility can be combined. When the present Marquis Guiori, owner of the magnificent porcelain manufactory of the lioccia, a lew miles from Florence, came of age, he found that from the time that his great grandfather, the Marquis Carlo, founded the factory, iu 17H, until the present time, immense sums of money had been sunk in tlie venture, and he was compelled to choose between three courses either to close the manufactory; to re strict his men to producing useful articles; or to make the pots and pans pay for the vases, urns, and other artistic ware, the. completion of one of which "will sometimes occupy an artist an entire month. Ho chose the last of the three, and while the produce and sale ol his choicest porcelain are increased, he has brought Hie manufacture of com mon earthenware up, or rather down, to tho wants of the pool est peasant who needs a pot iu which to boil his beans. Why should not the Anglo-Italian Company imitate the ex-Syndic of Florence, and. side by side with their'Murano studio, set up a common glass and bottle manu factory ? That il is needed no one can deny; a common black bottle costs twopence three pence in Italy; and ten to one the neck Hies in corking, so that most people buy common glass ware of this kind of foreign manufacture. The company possesses large buildings and plenty.of space at .Murano, and could ' procure labor cheap, without interfering w ith their educated artists. In one department the company has made great progress, and that is in tho art of packing. In 1800 every article that came to Florence was smashed. I remember some friends of mine, who were enthusiastic about the revived "art of glass," and who awaited tho arrival of their sun dry purchases with almost childish impatience. When the cases arrived, no one could distinguish his special Property: the entire contents Were smashed. The present director of works has altered all this. I have just seen a ease opened on its arrival, and there is not a piece broken: slender reticulated ewers, shell-shaped bowls, of filigree, ruby, and avventurino; opal vases, with scraps of colored marble confined, and snakes tw ining round the base; glorious hanaps, with opaque flowers on their bossed steps; ruby raised stands, with wine-glasses of every form and hue; crocus flower cups, all intact, thanks to the careful hands that swathed and folded them in the sweet scented alga marina of tlie lagoons. A depot has just been opened iu Florence: and Salviati himsell, who still remains the artistic director of tho Venetian works, has already established one in Paris. Hearty good will towards the Adriatic's Bride cannot be bet ter expressed than in wishing her as much suc cess in all her undertakings as has hitherto at tended her "enamel mosaics aud glass re vival; WATCHES, JEWELRY, ETC. 'Cewis ladomus & cor ft DIAMOND DEALERS A JEWELERS.) II WITCHES, JKtVELHY SILVER WAKE. V-WATOHES and JEWELRY EEPAIEED. r02 Cheatnnt St., Philv Ladies' and Gents' "Watches, AMERICAN AND IMPORTED, Of the most celebrated makers. FINE VEST CHAINS AND LEONTINES, In 14 and 18 karat. DIAMOND an other Jewelry of the latest designs, Engagement and Wedding Rings, tn 18-karat and coin. Sold Silver-Ware for Bridal Presents, Table Cut lery, Plated Ware, etc. 3 at ESTABLISHED 1828. WATCHES, JEWELRY, CLOCKS, SILVERWARE, and FANCY GOODS. Cn W. RUSSELL, NO. 82 N. fUXTII STREET, PHILADELPHIA. WILLIAM B. WAKNE & CO., Wholesale Dealers tn WATCHES AND JEWELRY. S. E. corner SEVENTH and CIIESNUT Streets, 8 25 Second door, and late of No. B0 S. THIRD St LOOKING GLASSES, ETO. S T A 11 L I S 11 li D 1 7 9 5. E A. S. ROBINSON. FRENCH PLATE LOOKING-GLASSES, ENGRAVINGS, UEAUTIFL'L CI1ROMOS, PAINTINGS, Manufacturer of all kinds of LOOKING-GLASS, POUTRA1T, AND PICTURE FRAMES. NO. 010 CIIESNUT STREET, 8 IS Fifth door above the Continental. Phila. J O II I 31 1 T II, l.OOKIMJ-fJLANM AND PICTl'ItE 1-ItA.HE MANTFAt'TniHK, BIBLE AND PRINT PUBLISHER, And Wholesale Dealer In AMERICAN AND FRENCH CLOCKS AND REGU LATORS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Also, General Affont for the sale of the "Eureka" Patt-nt condensing Cotteo and Tea Pots sonu-thlnff that every fumlly should have, und by which, tliey can suve fifty per cent. ' Trade supplied at a liberal discount. 1'68'U No. A NTltEF.T. PAPER HANGINGS. QEAN & WARD. PLAIN AND DECOltATIVE PAPER HANGINGS, NO. 251 SOUTH THIRD STREET, BBTWEEN WALK IT AND 8PKCCH, PHILADELPHIA. COUNTRY WORK PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO- 8 IS T OOK 1 LOOK ! 1 LOOK 1 ! I-WALL PAPERS J-i and Linen Window Shades Manufactured tha chBp.,t in the city, at JUHNS IUN'S JJepot No 1 0 l S1kn(J .AKlKtf Strt, helow K leveuft VauL No 3117 t KDKKAL Street. Camden, New Jor."y! j 164 A HANDSOME ASSORTMENT OF WALL PAPKKH and Window Shades. H. K BAI.I'HK. 8XOM SOiN.N. V04 bt'iUNU GARDEN Bt" Uifciia INSURANOE. DELAWARE MUTUAL SAFETY INSUR A NCR COMPANY. IaoorporaUxl bf Uxa Lent Ulurot,eruisjlvani,lK. Offle. S. K. corner of THIRD and WALNUT StreeU, MARtNK. 1NNUKAN0K8 " Ve"Mls' ttMDftNMRIiF.!iuo, tb9worUL On (oda bf rWer, ennui, lnka und Und carriage to all Parte of the Union. . .. IlKK INHURANUK3 On Merchandise neaerallj-; on titan. Dwellings, Houses, r. to. 4HTtl OT THK COMTAjrt. November 1,1 Sia. $3110,000 United 8ttea l-ite Per Cent. Loan, 12(1,0110 United ista'tei' Sii" Per Vj'ont.' 'Loan; 60,000 Unitod 'States sii'p'e'r t3e'n'u'Loan'(f'oT Pacitio Kailnm.il 900,000 Stato of Penunylvania, Six Per Cent. Ixan. .' 136,000 City of I'hiladolflhia Six Per Cent. IiOan (exmnpt trom tax) 60,000 State of Aew Jernoy Hix Percent, l.oa!i 90,000 Penn. Kail. First Mortgage Six Per Cent, lionriq 85,000 Prnn. Hint. Scund Mortgage Six Per 'ent, ltonds 26,000 Western Pcnn. Rail. Morla(ro Six Percent Bonds U'enn. lUilromi Kiiarnntoo) 80,000 State of Tonnosuuo live Per Ceutj Loan 7,000 State of Tennessee Six Per Cout J.oan 16,100 Oeniiauttiwn Cms Company, prin. cipul and fnf.-i-ist umiiiinleml by City of Philadelphia, 8d0 share Stock 10,000 Pennnylvnuia Railroad Company, 1JU tiari's StfK'k 6,000 North Ponnlvania Hail road Co., 100 share Stock al.OOO Philadelphia anil Southorn Mail n,. n. t Steamship Co., Wl Slmrtw Stock n,VW Loans on liond and MortKajre, tirat $a 3,5oo-oo 136,800-00 SO.OUOMO Sit ,376-06 138,69400 61,600110 90,20000 94,000-00 90,25D0 21,00000 6,031-25 16,000-iH) U, i 10-00 3,50000 15,000-00 2O7,WO-00 uuui uu vu 9 rruyeroiva 81.los.HtlO Par. Market yalue. $l.tao;t-i6 i . . cmi Hl.0r3.oM4 Feal r.atate ,: -uk;-) Itilla roceivablo for insurance made! t2t,iti it ttaluiu-VH due at npi'n. !,, pr,Muiiuia on marine policies, accrued interest, and otherdobu due thseoimiiiny... 40,i78f btoikand scrip of sundry corporation, ;ilud. KM minted value 1.813110 Cash in bank tfjlltUfiillfl Cash in drawer 413 yo Uh5i3-78 81,B17,3oTW Thomas O. Hand, John V. lsvis, Junies C. Hand, Theophilus Paulding, Joaeph 11. Seal, IttiKh Craig, John H. lVnrone, Jacob P. Joiipb, Jatucs Tniquuir, Kdward Darlington, II. Jones flrooke.i James H. McKartand Kdward I jifouroade, Joshua P. Kyre, DIKKCTORS. Kdmund A. Bonder, Samuel K. Stokes, ; Henry Sloan, 'William C. I.udwig, 'Coorue U. Unpnr, Henry C. Dallett, Jr., wiiii 1.. 1 uyior, Coorge W. Bernadou, 1 vviuniin f. noultou, Jacob Kiegol. Spencer Mcllvaine, I). T. Morgan, 1'ittsburg, IJohn II. Seniple, " I A. H. Merger, THOMAS f! U A Vli . HKNRY l.Tl.BURreSir?.V1S' vUPriU-U HKNHY BALI Asaistant Secretary. 10 8 1829, CHARTER PERFETUAL. Frantlin Fire Insurance Company OK PHILADELPHIA. Office, Nos. 435 and437 CHESNUT St. Assets on Jan. 1,1869, $2,677,37213 CAPITAL ACCRUED SURPLUS... PREMIUMS UNSETTLED CLAIMS. 8-100,00000 l,OS.i,.Vis?0 i,u;i,M,r li 1NCOMK FOR IJS, 8:to,ooo. tees paia since 1829,over $5,500,000 Perpetual and Temporary Policies on Liberal Terms. Tho Company also insues Policies on Rents of Buildings of all kinds, Ground Rents, and Mortgages. DIRECTORS. a ii,a m.tM Alfred O. Baker, nuicu t iuoi. Thomas Sparks. William S. Grant, Thomas S. Kllia. paniuei iirant, George W. Richards, leaau Len. George if'ales, Gustuvua S. Benson. ALKRKD O. BAKKR. Preaident. , . , x T ,V,r:)'tu,K FA LKS, Vice-President. a n tt . jTiLaiiui.it r.n. oecreiiiry. 1 11 KODORK M. RKGKR. Assistant Secretary. 89 J N S U K E AT HOME, IN TDK Penn Mutual Life Insurance COMPANY. No. 921 CIIESNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, ASSETS, 82,000,000. I HAKTLKLD BV OL'll OWN STATE. MANAGED BY Ol'Il OWN CITIZENS. LOSSES PROMPTLY FA ID. POLICIES ISSUED ON VARIOUS PLANS. Applications may be made at tlie Home Office, and at the Agencies throughout the State. 2 IS JAMES TKAOITAIK PRKS1DENT SAMUEL E. STOKES VICE-PRKSIDKNT JOHN W. HOUNOK A. V. P. and ACTUARY HOKATIO K. STEPHENS SF.ORKTARY THE PENNSYLVANIA FIRE INSURANCE Ja. COMPANY. -Incoronr&tad 1 r)J chArtAr Pmf n 1 NO. ii 1 O WAI.N1 IT St.rAAt.. nnnmil. InHnnuiirluni.. Rnn.M Tbia Company, favorably known to the community for u.er mrty years, continues to insure against loss or damage by tire on Public or Private Buildings, either permanently or for a limited time. Also on Furniture, Stocks of Goods, . ...oivunumBo generally, on noerai terms. A heir Cauital. tosnthnr nril.h . luron Knmliia TTiind. I In. vested in the most careful manner, which enables them to oiler to tha insured an undoubted security in the oasa of dxhectobs Daniel Smith, Jr., . John Dererenx, ' A luiander Benson, I Thomas Smith, Isaac liazlehurst, Henry Lewis, Ihonui Robins, I J. GiUingham Fell, Daniel Haddock, Jr. .. .. DANIKL biH'lU, Jb., President. . WM. O. CROWKLL, Seoretar ui J S B U R Y LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 2"1 BROADWAY Cor. READK St.. Now York. Cnh CnpituL... Kit 1 .10,000 tiUiu.iAJO Deposited with the State of Now York as Security or i urn y uoiuunt. LEMUKI, BANGS, President. GF.ORGE ELLIOTT, Vice Preaident aud Secretary. KMOKY McCLINTOCK. Actuary. A. K. M. PUUDY.M. D Medical Examiner. ltKKKKKNl KH 11 Y 1'KKMlBhION. Thomas T. Taskor, I John M. Maria, J. B. Lippincott, iiiani-B nptriiuur, w imam jrivino, I James IXlllg, John A. Wright, S. Morris Wain, I Junius Hunter, Arthur O. Cothn. John B.McWraarv. E. II. Wornu. In the character of its Directors, economy of manage- nieni, ruHBonaiucncHS oi raloa, r A K i in r. Itri II 1 r rljAM OF DECLARING DIVIDENDS, no rBtri.:tio,i in f..m,.U liven, and absolute non forfeiture of all policies, and no re- ainciion oi travel alter me liret year, tlie ASliUKY pre sents a combination of advantages offered by no other company. Policies iasued in every form, aud a loan of oue thii'U made when desired. Hl'KClAL AllVAMTAUEB OtTERED TO OLEItaXMKN. For all further information, adrexs , JAMES M. LONGACRE, Manager for Pennsylvania and Delaware. Office, No. Ln-J WALNUT Street, Philadelphia. FOR. MAN P. HOLLINSUEAD Special Agent. 4 lt gTRICT L Y MUTUAL. Provident Life and Trust Co. OF PHILADELPHIA. OFFICE, No. Ills. FOURTH STREET. Orpanized to promote LIFE INSURANCK among mnibt-ru of tho Society of FriendH. Good l lNkB of any dona accepted Policies tabued ou approved pluus, at the lowest rates. President, SAMUEL R. 8IIIPLEY, Vlce-Preskleut, WILLIAM C. LONUSTHETIT, Actuary, ltOWLAMD PARRY. The advantages ollered by this Couipauy are un excelled. Hl JMriiKIAL. FIRE INSURANCE CO. LONDON. ESTABLISHED lMI.'I. raid-up Capital and Accumulated Funds, S8.000.000 I IV GOLD PItEVOST & HEERINO, Agents, 8 No. 10T S. T1IIKD titreet, Philadelphia. CDAS. M. rWJVOBT. CHAB. P. HERRING INSURANOE. 0fiJCr?nJS?T1,K INSURANCE COMPANY Bte,(iVhS.AMKkI0A. ' Incorporated i HI. Chartr Perpetual. 1 Assets Oapitsi, SSOO.OOO. M A R I N rt I N LAN D,' A N D yiR K N sS r!a N C h? ovkr Mo,ooo,nno ."whm paid bikob IT3 UKOAN14A llON. f Arthnrf) flnf.. DIBECTORI. Samuel VV. Jonos, John A. Brown, Charles Taylor, Ambrose White, W illmm Welsh, 8. Morris Wain, John Mason, r rancls R. Cop, Kdward If. Trotter, Kdward H. Clarke, T. Charlton Henry. Alfred D. .lenup. John P. White, Iouia 0. Madeira, diariea w, Cuahmaa. uurgv aa nvnimij ,,,?'. V Tivu COFFIN, Preaident. M ATTHU. BK'14' vWPr-ident. rrilK ENTERPRISE INSURANCE CO. OF J. PHILADELPHIA. Omce Southwest l or. KOt.'RTH and WALNUT Streets. FIHK INM'UANCK KXCLUSI V Kt.Y. PKRPKTUA L AND TKRM POLIC1KS ISSUKD. Y, l l'ital $ani,mwno Cash Assets, January 1, 1KH 47K.a3 JU K. Ratchford Starr, J. Livingston Krringer, J anion L. Olnghorn, Wm. (. Iloulton, i -harlns Wheeler, Tlw,. II M.,, a-,, inro i-rar.ier, John M. Alwood, Penj. T. Trcdick, CcolKi' II. Ntuiirt, Jonn ii. ifroHn, I ill. I lllilliunv inai-iM. nt- ai . t ixi utr n v riirtii1 ii i . """"j ""7 nrawit&Ma nans, inning no ffiuittetc hft?''nrtlou'1 nski oh m factories, AT TV; I- MoNTtwOAIKIlV, VioPreaident AITX. W. W isTi;it, Si-croUry. g$ lI'SK,,.,VlANCE:"1;0M1'ANr 'V.".1. ',' '!' ImH-OHARTKrl PRRPKTUAIi. rr, "."' WALNUT Street, oiMionito tlie Kxchvnga. I bis Company insures from loss or damage hi ,., , A HUK, on Iiheral forms, on buildings, merchandise, fnrnitnr. etc, tor limited periods, aud permanently on buildings by deposit of premiums. ci v .ri'omA';'"Y hf-"m in ''iTO operation for more thnn MAIY IMKS. during which all losst hair been promptly adjusted and paid. t . r a Directors. John L. Hodge, i David Iwis, m. ft. Miinnnjr, Keniainin I'.iting. John T. Lewis, William 8. Crnnt, Itohvrt W. Learning, Ik i 11....1. wi. ..-.... Th-mias H. Powora. A. R. Mollon-T, Kdmund Cantillon, Samuel Wilcox, Lawrence Lewis, J r ihih ii. .orns. l.tlJWn 1.-.T...,r.n..-r. .. . l-wis C. Norris. 8AMTT-X VTrLCOX, Secretary. 4 FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF SAFE W"X a" mm m mm mmm mmm aw Er O t V t K fc TEST KflL AND ;itr:iT tkii;.miii OK MAKER'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES, At the Great Fire and entire destruction of the MAMMOTH SKATING RINK, TWKNTY-FIRST AND RACK STREETS. The MAISKR SAFK used tiy Mr. rroskuneri the Caterer, ill the (rrent Odd Fellows' Pull, was taken from the ruins the tiny utter tho lire, and opened ou the ground, belore tin Immense crowd of spectators. Notwithstanding that It had heenat a white heat for a limp; time, the contents wero found so be wholly uninjured. The hero has returned to his companions at MAISER'S SAFE STORE, :. -tat KICK Street, Where lie can tie examined. 5 3mwftm O. Li. M A I S E It, M ANCT ACTURER OP rutni ajnu jcituLAK-PKnoTi' sahto. LOCKSMITH, BELL-HANGER, AND DEALER IN utiLumu iiAitjjtt auk, 8 ts No. 434 RACK Street. TERRA COTTA WORKS. QLOUCESSTEK TERRA COTTA WORKS. DIXEY & CO. STORE AND OFFIO'E NO. 122 NORTH SIXTH STREET, ABOVE ARCH, PHILADELPHIA, . MANUFACTURERS OF DOUBLE GLAZED VITRIFIED DRAIN TIPES, With Branches, Bends, Sleeves, Traps, etc. DRAINING TILE, PAVEMENT TILE, PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL CHIMNEY TOrS, HOT-AIR FLUES, HOPPERS, GARDEN VASES, STATUARY, ETO. OWNERS, BUILDERS, AND CONTRACTORS Will consult their interests by giving us a call. Having a large supply of all kinds constantly on hand, and delivered at the shortest notice. Respectfully soliciting your orders, we arc, yours, B3tf DIXEY & CO. ROOF j NO. READY ROOFING. This Roofing is adapted to all buildings. It can be applied to SI KKi OK FLAT ROOFS at one-half the expense of tin. It is read Mr nnt on old Shingle Roots without removing the shingles, thus avoid ing the damaging ol veilings and furniture while under going repairs. (No gravel used.) foing repairs. (No gravel used.) 'RESKItVJfi YOUR TIN ROOFS WITH WELTON'S I am always prepared to Repair and Paint Roofs at short notice. Also, PA I NT FOR SALK by the barrel or gallon, the best and ehoapeat in tha market. W. A VELTON , . No. 711 N. NINTH Street, above Coates, and 17 No. 818 W A LN UT JWeet ryo OWNERS, ARCHITECTS," BUILDERS T.ANOKOOFKRS -Roofs! Yes, yes'. Kvery size and r,1P,(K0i1,0,1nj:w.-, Jtt.FR-MI.X- T11 1 tt " 8trooti the AM 10 R1CAN CONCRKTK PAINT AND ROOF CO.MPANV are selling their uolchratod paint for TIN ROOFS, and for preserving all wood and metals. Also, their solid com. plex roof covering, tlie best ever orl'ered to tne public, with brushes, cans, buckets, etc, fur the work. Ann vermin. I-ire, and Water proof ; Light, Tight, Durable. No crack ing, pealing, or shrinking. No paper, gruvol, or heat, tiood fur ull climates. Directions given for work, or good work inen supplied. Cure, promptness, oertaiulvl Ono priuvt Call! Kxannno! Judge! Agents wanted for iuterior counties. 4 2.'tf JOSLl'll LICKDS, Principal ryo BUILDERS AND ' COtf IRACTOUS -a. Wo are prppnrod to furnish Fnglish imported ASl'HALTK! KOOKINO KKI.T In quantities to suit. This routing was used to cover tha Paris Kxhibitiun iu 1j7. MERCHANT A CO., 4 2fl3m Nos. fil7 and 51H MINOR Street. ROOFING. LITTLE" & CO., "THE LIVE ROOFKRS." No. 1KW MAHKKT St root. Kverj description of Old and 1Ciiky Roofs made tight and war ranted to keep iu repair for five years. Old Tin Roofs made euual to new. A trial only requited to iusuro satis faction. Orders promptly attended to. 8 8ara O'LD GRAVEL ROOFS COVERED OVER with Uastie Slate, and warranted for ten years. HAMILTON A COOKKKR. 8 lEtim Nali H. TKNTII Street. OA R RENTER s' A NO BuTlTd ERs7 JOHN Wi V R A Z I E R, No. 411) CHRISTIAN 8TRF.KT, OARPKNTKR AND BUILDKR, Shop, No. 311 GRISCOM Street, South of Spruco, between Fourth and Filth streets, PHILADELPHIA. All orders by Mail prompt 1-attended to. KITILIUNO IN AT T. ITH II r) ivnu i.-d nn.,n Store Fronts put in, Oltioes titled up, New Hoofs put on. jl'.tllm'i" "Pet-al atlentiou given to all kinds of tienilcmon having country seats requiring new work. 01 repairing done, will, by giving us a call, or sondinu- a note, receive prompt consideration. A trial is ,l,. ,..i a fi i.T? QEORGE PLOVAN, CA1U-ENTEU AND BUILDEK, "No. 134 DOCK Street, PhiladeJnWa, A Q R I OU L Tl j OA I . CJ PHILADELPHIA RASPBERRY, JUCUNU fL. DA, Aa-noulturist, and other Strawberry j Lawtoa Ii luck berry Plants; Hartford. Concord, and other Oraua Vinos, rorsalsby T. S. A O. K. FLK'l'CllKR, " " Aveiauoo, n, J,. a.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers