THE DAILY EVENivCi TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1868. VOLCANOES A.X1 EAKTIHJUAKESs The London Saturday Review contains the following Interesting article, by waj of re Tiew of a recent French work on Volcanoes and Earthquakes: Nature haB of late been oalling attention, in ker most eniphatlo accents, to the persistence and the intensity of her eubterraueao tires. What had come to be regarded as the exag gerations, if not the ruythioal inventions, of an age when soleuoe was yet nnborn, have been foroed npon na with a reality, and even degree of dread, to which the most advanced cienoe of onr day has to lend an ear, half of nriosity, half of bewilderment. Those who are for ever agape for novelties and marvels, whether on the part of natare or of mankind, may find daily stimulants to sensation in no many villages overrun by the lava of Ve suvius, or bo many soore3 of thousands swal lowed np alive by the rending soil' of l'era. Now we may expeot the propheoy-monger to have it all his own way. What with earth quakes telegraphed every morning in divers places, and tbe palpable shaking of the stars of heaven witnessed to us in the reports of the November meteors, we ought surely to see Dr. dimming bestir himself, if he would not have some junior aspirant to prophetlo honors finally fix for him the date of the oom ing of the end. Meanwhile, people of less imagination, or lees impatient for the drawing of the veil of the future world, will give stu dious and careful heed to the grand, and in many re3peots to the mysterious, phenomena which are just now manifest in nature. Nam lets will be interested in the causos whioh science isfprepared to assign for these unnaually stupendous displays of physical force. Falling in opportunely with this state of interest and expectancy in the publio mind, the little work which Mrs. Norman Lockyer has just given ns has a claim to favorable consi deration. "Volcans et Tremblements de Terre," by MM. Zurcher and MargollC, forms one volume of the well-chosen and agreeably written series, the ".Bibliothcque des Mer veilles," whereby Messrs. Uaohette are wont to cater with judgment and snooess for the growing appetite of the public for a know ledge of nature's more striking phenomena. The clear and graphio illustrations in wood, by M. Riou, have been employed in the em bellishment ef the English version. As a popular summary of the more prominent facts ana theories connected with this sublime branch of terrestrial phyBics, we cannot readily point to a publication whioh embodies more systematically or expresses more clearly what readers beyond the pale of speoial or technical cnltnre are likely to be desirous of knowing. Without pretending to the depth or precision of a soientitio treatise in the stricter sense, this little manual comprises a rapid historical Burvey of the principal recorded earthquakes and volcanio eruptions. The compilers have not indeed carried back their historical ken to the remote and often seemingly fabulous range of the Indian or Chinese chronioles. They have contented themselves with the nearer and safer ground of Greek and Roman anti quity. The frontispiece forms a vivid and speaking accompaniment to the well-known words in which the younger l'liny depicts the most memorable of all catastrophes of this kind. The list of eruptions from that fixed date is carried down almost to tbe margin of the striking series of outbreaks which just now keep scientific expectation on tenter-hooks. Upwards of a dozen eruptions of what may be termed the first class can be thus enumerated. Since that of A. D. 70, the most remarkable epochs were those of 204, 479, 512, 085, 1)93, 1036, 1136. After the violent one of 1136, Vesuvius remained inactive for nearly 500 years. At the opening of the seventeenth century the summit had the form of a large basin, which, according to the testimony of travellers, was covered with old oaks, ches nuts, and maple trees. In December, 1631, the volcano opened anew below the Atrio del Cavallo, the great depression whioh separates the orater from the boranie. A great portion of the mountain fell in, and the stream of lava, sweeping away houses and villages, ran into the sea near Portioi. In 1685 aud 1737 the cone underwent repeated changes of farm. In 1797 the river of lava described by Sir W. Hamilton, 1500 feet wide and 14 feet tUep, flowed three miles and a half, and extended into the sea 600 feet! Humboldt in 1822 has described the tremendous falling in of the cone, which rose to a height of 218 yards above the floor of the crater, when for days .1 - , : 1 i ... .. a -I....... i 1 buo air ivr iijiiao xuuuu woo urti fi-oumt uy i i j. r . t i I j t. ii. . j ' about with lanterns as at Quito during the eruption of l'iuhincha. In 1850 large blocks of granite were borne down the moun tain side by the torrent of lava. Not having the original at baud, we are at a loss whether to charge npon the authors or the translator the amazing exaggeration of making the plateau formed by this stream "a kind of cyclopean rampart raised more than five miles above the plain where the torrent stopped." The authors themselves have visited the mountain, and add their personal description to the scientific records persistently kept by Professor l'almieri for the greater part of tbe range of contemporary observation. The destruction of life and property caused by Etna has never equalled that due to Vesu vius. Greater prudence, for one reason, has here been observed in pitching human habita tions so near the mouth of danger. Consider able damage has, notwithstanding, been done to Catania and the neighboring villages by the frequent emotions which local history has to record. From the time of fieroe activity noted by Virgil, the mountain seems to have taken some centuries of rest. But during the last eight centuries eruptions have beeu both fre quent and severe. Dislocations have been thereby occasioned to such an extent, that at the present time no fewer than 200 secondary beds can be counted on the Bides of the mountain. The principal cone rises 3G00 yards above the sea, its smoking summit enveloped in enow. The long and deep ravine on its eastern side reaching to the sea the cele brated Val del Hove is explained by Mr. Poulett Bcrope as "a vast fissure enlarged into a crater by borne paroxysmal eruption which blew ont of the heart of the mountain, and since widened by the abrasive violence of aqueous debacles, caused by the sudden melt ing of snows on the heights above by the fired lava and heated sooriie." One such flood in March, 1755, is said by Reonpero to have run down at the rate of a mile and a half a minute for a distance of twelve miles. Its track, two miles in breadth, is even now strewn visibly to the depth of thirty or forty feet with sand and fragments of rock. Similar ddb&des had obviously for oectnries taken the same course. At the opening of the valley to the sea, near Giorre, is to be seen a vast alluvial formation more thn 150 feet deep, measuring ten miles by three in area, and resembling an upraised line of beach, 400 feet above the sea. The orater of Etna was well desoribed by Kile de Beaumont and Leopold von Buch in 1834. Traoes may ttill be found of the violent emption of March, IMS), reoorded in the J'hilosophical Transactions for that year from the testimony ofeye-witnesses. A pillar of ashes went np into the sky, which, to their apprehension, "exceeded twice tbe bigness of I'aul's steeple in London." The saarri, or onglomerates of hard porous stone, like slag, were piled np to the top of the walls of Ca tania, 60 feet high, ten miles from the orater. There is still to be seen an arcade of lava curl ing over the same walls in places "like a wave on the beach." Turning fortunately aside from the city, and advancing toward the sea, the body of lava formed a perpendi cular front, carrying before it huge blocks of granite, forming a vast causeway into the sea. In a few days, writes M. de Qaatrefagee, the lava had carried forward the line of the beach some 330 yards. The striking eruption of 1865 is well described in a letter from a French geologist, M. Pontine, to M. Sainte Clalre Deville. The lava sti cam, whioh in two or three days had extended in length three miles, with a breadth of nearly half that ex tent, was paited by an anoient cone, one arm precipitating itrelf in a caccade of fire from a height of 50 yards. The incessant hammer ings from the eeren craters were vividly sug gestive to the writer of the idea they gave the anchnts that of a forge in the centre of Etna, with the Cyclopes as workmen. Our authois' survey of the active volcanoes carries them round the globe, and in cludes the latest and most distant records of these tremendous pheno mena. Equally complete aud vivid is the catalogue of remarkable earthquakes, which are made, by the progress of scientific observation, naturally to connect themselves with the agency of volcanic forces. The sub-' jects of thermal springs, of mud Islands or emissions, as well as of the singular oil or petroleum wells "lately discovered in such wealth and extent, are discussed in their several bearings upon each other as well as npon the agency of subterranean fires in general. One of the most remarkable results of the combined and systematio observation bronght to bear npon the phenomena of earth quakes relates to the extent and degree over which sonorous waves have been known to be propagated: The nature of the noise also diners greatly; sometimes it la ioIUuk, and occtutlouully like tbe clan&lng of chains; in tbe city of lulto It has sometimes been ulmipt, llko Ihuuder close at hand, and sometimes clear and ringlup;, as if obsidian or other vitrified manses chinned, or were shattered In subterranean cavities. As solid bodies are excellent conriuotors of sound, which is propagated, lor example, In burnt clay With a velocity ten or twelve tunes greater than In air, the subterranean noise may be heard at gnat distances Irom tbe place where it has ori ginated. In the Curiiceas , In the graKsy plnins ol Calabo.o, aud on tbe banks ol the Hlu-Apure, wblcb falls into the Orinoco, there was heard, over a district of 2.'S'.K) square (Herman) mile, a lnud noise resembling tuunder, unacoompanled ly any shaking of the ground; whilst at a dis tance of (132 miles to the norl beast, the crater of the volcauo of 8t. Vincent, one of the tin all West Indian Islands, was pouring fonh a prodigious stream of lava. In point of distance, this was as if an eruption of Vemvlus should be heard in the north of France. In 1741, at the great eruption of Coto nasi, subterranean noises, as of cannon, were heard at Honde near the Mandalena river. Not only is tbe crater of t'otopaxl about 18,(100 Eng lish feel higher than the iionda, bat these two points are separated irom each other by a dis tance of 430 miles, and by the colossal mouu tain niassts of tuiio, 1'nslo, and Popayau, as well as by countless valleys aud ravines. The sound was clearly not propagated through the air, hut through the earth, and at a great depth. Duilngi tbe violent earthquake in New Gra nada, in February, 18:15, subterranean thunder wus heard at Fopayun, Bogota, Hauin Martha, and Curaccas (whtu it lasted seven hours with out any movement ot tbe ground), and also In Hay tl, in Jamaica, aud near the lake of Nica ragua. The evidences of voloanio action in the moon have Bince the time of Laplace had a lively interest for the minds of astronomers. There is, we need scarcely say, no longer any idea of the aerolites whioh from time to time fall upon our globe being projected from vol canoes in our satellite, or even of the luminous spots or bands visible upon the lunar surface being proofs of a chronio state of volcanio ac tion. That changes to some extent, however, take place in the moon's substance seems placed beyond doubt by the subsidence of a marked crater within the last twelve months, as well as by the modifications which have made themselves evident in the lunar maps drawn up at definite intervals. The chapter on this subject forms one of the best in the volume before ns. What distinguishes the lunar volcanoes in general from our own is their enormous size. The diameter of Cla vius is not less than 140 miles. Eight other craters come between 69 and 113 miles, and no less than twelve have an average of 55 miles. In other respeots a strong analogy can be traoed between the aspect of these voloanio areas and extinct systems of the like kind in many parts of our globe. The mountains of Bohemia, as well as those of Aavergne, have been instanced as presenting a configuration closely analogous in plan to ranges of the lunar elevations. The luminous bands which distinguish the latter are ascribed by Maedler to gaseous streams, which have vitrified a portion of the surface, aud disposed themselves In rays round many ot the mountain peaks. Experiments nave been made with the result of artificially pro ducing much of the prooesB by which nature may be conceived to have worked these sin gular effects: An English astronomer, Mr. Hooke, obtained an artificial imitation of the lunar cavities by heating cnlcuteous mud until the steam, in the form of great bubbles, forced lis way through the surface. In our terrestrial volcanoes, the upper stratum of matter in fusion some times rises by the elasticity of the subter raneous gases as far as the edges of the crater, but the dome sinks as soon us the gases heve made a passage. It is known that there exist in America great extents of lan 1 which ate hollow underneath, and which are in tact real bubbles. If we wish to compare tbe lunar surface with that of our globe, we must In Imagination suppress tbe sedimentary erth and the sens which cover the latter. Many clrcliB, now filled up, would then appear. Ia Anvergne there are some very large, which are still entirely Buuiitn, although the granite which forms them is mixed up and disappears In a great number of points under thick beds of vegetable earth. The one in tbe Island of Ceylon is forty-three miles in diameter. Iu Oceania several mmlreporlo islands appear to be supported on similar clroles. "We can then figure to ourselves," as remarked by Humboldt, "our fcaiellite nearly like what our earth was tu lis primitive state, before it was covered with sedimentary beds rich in shells, gravel, and diluvium, due to the action of the tides aud stream?. Scarcely can we admit that thero exist in tbe moon beds of conglomerates, and of detritus lormed by friotlon." It is not often that we find justioe done in foreign works of science to the labors of our own countrymen, and the book before ns is by no means an exception to the rule. bothiDg is indeed gained by this ignoranoe or neglect of Biitish scienoe. In no part of the world is the theory of volcanio action in a more advanced or positive position than in this country. For a general view of the subject, no foreign work can be consulted in preference to Sir Charles Lyell's reoent chap ters. Of the two main hypotheses, the "chemical" one first broaohed by Davy has been worked with much industry and skill by Dr. Danbeny; while what may be oalled the "mechanical" owes its chief development and proof to Mr. Mallet. There is of oonrse no need for these theories being taken as absolutely excluding one another. The laws of the mechanical foroes, due immediately to the agency of heat, are in faot but subsidiary in turn to those ulterior considerations which relate to that chemical action of the elements in nature's laboratory which results in fusion and vol oanio force. The writers before ns have ab stained from going deeply into the theoretio portion of this inquiry, though they intimate a general acquiescence in the chemical hypo thesis as it has been developed of late in the able hands of M. Salnte-Claire Deville. Their work, as we have said, is not one wh'oh aims at supplying the world of scienoe with new or advanced ideas. Still, as a manual for popultr nse, it contains much that readers of the ordi nary class will find both novel and Interesting. NA TIQNAL FINANCES. Nonnlor Morton' Able It ply o Ilnrnre r'ley Opinion on Novi4 IMymuut. In a letter just Issued from Wasalni!tou Senator orton replies to Horace Greeley, In the following vein, on the financial ques'.ion of the daj: In your letter addressed to me, in the Tribune of the 21st instant, jou undertake to answer several positions taken by mo In my late speech, in the Senato on the currency, but devote your self chiellv to tbe establi-nmeiit ol tho proposi tion that "tbe (Jovernmcut can and should at once resume specie payments, with only $70,100,000 of gold In the treasury, and that tho declaration of resumption would have the efleet to bring the greenback currency to par. And, to rebut the idea that more than seveuty mil lions would he required witu which to bogiu resumption, you say: "You afsunie that If we resume the Govern ment must 'redeem tho precuback currency.' I think not. Our banks have repea'.ediy resinned alter months and even years of mn-peusiou, aud have never been required thereon to redeem their ouMmidluir. lames. On the contrary, the fact of their resumption has unilortnly precluded all desire of dispostion to exact Buch redemp tion. Yet their notes were not a leual tender, had not the Federal Government behind them, but were the mere promises the long falsified promises ot private cor porations. Yet wo all went on receiving them and paying them out, without asking for specie to -the extent of one dollar iu twenty ot the notes thus suddenly made redeemable in coin. If you think tho people, who have so otteu shown faith in and forbearance towards private moneyed corporation, would not now evince at least rc.ual faith iu the Government that is, in themselves you have given mc no reasons lor sharing your distrust."' iou then enter into an argument of some length to show tbe superior convenience of the greenback currency over com. You show very clearly how business would he Impeded by a mere metallic currency; that the business of the country can be better developed and extended by a redeemable or convertible px.per currency, and that the people could not do without the f:reenback currency Jour enough to have it run nto the Treasury for redemption in gold. Your argumeut Is excellent to prove that after the greenback currency has beeu brought to par it would be preferable to gold, and but little of it would be brought to the Gjvcrnraent for redemption; but as long as the greenback currency is three cents uuder par, that margin would make it profitable to brokers to run it into the Treasury fioni every part cf the United States. Your first areumont was that Greenbacks were so much more convenient aud desirable than pold that they would not be presented for redemption. But here jou state that we cannot salely resume even with $20J,00'J 000 or gold in the Treasury, and that the one lluuiz needful for resumption is to provide a new Don J, which the holders of prcenbacks would preler to coin, which will sell at a premium above specie par, and that when we have got such a bond wo can sa'ely resume with ten millions ot gold in tbe Treasury. Here you would teem to make resumption impossible by requiring in advance a national security which will larnely sell at some rate above specie par, which the holders of greenbacks will prefer to coin, and which you have before said should bear interest at the rate of four or five per cent. Such a bond could not bo sold even at par until after resumption is firmly established, much less in advance, as a means ot bringing It about. With enjh a bond, which the holders of greenbacks would prefer to coin, the green backs would be funded, and it would result iu large and sudden contraction, which would be in n stility to your first p'oposiilon that tbe ?eoplc need tbe greenbacks and will keep them, our policy, like that of the Secretary ot the Treasury, resolves itself finally into con'rac tion, aud if to the evils of immediate resump tion you add the calamities ol lar.re contract! ju, you wilt make short work ot the business of the country. If sudden resumption will involve the great decline in prices which you say it will, it would be a vast calamity to tbe majority ot the people oi the United states. It would certainly bank rupt or suspend three-fourths of the business men of the country at once. It would produce a Buttering and desolation ot which we nave uo record in this or any other country. Hundreds of thousands now living in comfort would be reduced to poverty. Business would be de stroyed; the poor left without employment; the people unable to pay their taxes, and the Government itself threatened with - bank ruptcy and dishonor, aud yot you say yoa want to make the plunge at once. If the private indebtedness of the people to each other on the lht ot February, ibo'J, amount to $s 000 000.000, the capacity of the debtors to pay, by your lowest estimate, would be dlminisaed to tho extent of $2,000,000,000. You may bd rejdy to make the plunge, but the great body of the people are not. Your plan would suit admirably that class of people who are not in debt and have plenty of capital, or who have fixed incomes which would be greatly improved in value by the largo decline In prices of every other kind of property. Your plan would eurich the cre ditors by the des'.iiirliou of tho debtors; for, as you say, the sheriff aud constable would be after "n.auy of u; ;" our propeity would be sold lor a song, and laree balance of debt be left against our future earnings. And all this sut leriug aud destitution 1 put according to your own "statemeut of what would be the effect ot immediate resumption. Now, sir, in contrast to your plan, which would be so merciless, If it were possible, 1 will present jou with another: First. That CongresB shall by law fix a time pay 1st of July, lfc7l to oegiu the redemption of tho greenback notes. By axing a time so fur in the future people wo-iid be advised of the Change, adjust their business, and make their contracts accordingly, lielure that time nearly all tbe existing iudcbtediu ss among the people will have been paid. By nu estimate which has been approved by surue who are well versed in the business ot the country, three-fourths of tho existing indebtedness among tbe people will be discharged withiu twelve months Irom li-t of January, 180!; three fourths ot the remaining one-fourth will be dis charged within ihe next twelve months, and that by the 1st July, 1871, there will not be i a existence aud unpaid to exce?d four percent, of the existing Indebtedness, and thus the debtor class will almost entirely escape from the oppression and disasters with which your plan would overwhelm them, arising Irom thesuddeu decline Iu the prices of all kinds ot property. Second. By fixing a definite period when the greenburk note will be redeemed, a fixed value will be given to It, which will constantly appre ciate as the period fixed l r redemption ap proaches, and it will be at par at or heiore that time, provided tbe (Jover-iuieut ii making the necessary preparations fur its redemption. It will bu much better tor the business pf the country for it to reach par by gradual auprecia tion, than to come op to it by a sudden Jerk as you propose. Tho whole process should bo gradual, so that the transition which tho country must make Irom one condition to the other shall he made with as little diaturb.iuceas possible. Third. By fixing a time for reaVmD'.ion so fur in the future, Government can, without sudden strain and without great sacrifice, get ready for it. To bring about the gradual appreciation of the greenback notes tbe gold must visibly accu mulate In tbe Treasury as the time goes on. The lion. John J. Cisco Bald in a letter some two years ago that the presence in the Treasury of a gold surplus of seventy or eighty millions gave strength to the currency, although not et apart y law lor its redemption, from the probability that it might be so appro pi luted in the future. Should Congress refuse to reserve the present surplus gold In the Treasury, and that which is to accrue for the redemption of the currency, but empower the Ktcretary of the Treasury, before the time arrives for redemption to obtain the necessary guld by tbe sale of our bondB, it would probably bring up the notes to par at that timo, if he was known to have ma )c the preparation, but their appreciation would not bo so gra lual or so cettalu ns if the gold was visibly accumulat ing while tho intet mediate time was passing. That it would be necessary to have in tho Treasury an amount equal to the grconbic currency, to begin redemption. I do not believe. Redemption could safely begin with two hun dred millions of gold in the Treasury under the provisions ot my bill, but certainly not with teventy millions, in tills work contldence is everything, aud Is a plant of Blow growth, and can only be produced by the obvious employment of tl e necessary measures of pit paiation. If the people are satisfied tbatths Treaourv has gold enough to redeem all the no'es that will probably be prejcntcj, but few will be presented: but if not, then there will bo a rush for tho gold to sell it in tho market again at a profit, and this is the precise princi ple upon which specie-paying banks have been sustained. Fixing resumption at a reasonable timo in the future, which the Government and the people may work to, and the making of needful prepa rations, to be known aud understood by all, are Indispensable to any plan of resumption which would avoid the haidshlps wh:ch you admit would attend the adoption of yours. By tbe n.rthod 1 have suggested, there will be an actual Indatiou of the currency at the time of resumption to the extent that the whole amount of gold and silver in the country thsit would enter into the circulation would exceed the amount of greenbacks that would be presented for redemption, and this would do much to pre vent the hardships that might otherwise occur. LIFE INSURANCE. THE NATIONAL LITE , INSURANCE COMPANY OF TUB United States of America, WASUUitiTOJT, 1). C Chartered bj Special Act or Congress, Approved Julj 25, 18GS. CASH CAPITAL, 131.000,000 BRANCH OFFICE: F1KST KATIOXAL BAK BU1LDLNH, PHILADELPHIA, Where the business ol the Company is trans acted, and to which all general correspondence should be addressed. DIRECTORS. Clakknck H. C'lakk, j AX COOKS, F. Katcufokd Stabb, W. ii. MOOKHEAD, Okokc.e F. Tylek, J. Hinckley Clark, K A. Kollins, llENBX I. COOKB, Wm, K Chandler, John D. Defkuki, Kdwaro Dough, U. C. FA-HNKarouK. OFFIOBBS. Clarence H. 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COCTONS due Jannary 1 CASHED, or bought at full rates for Gold. WM. PAIHTEE & CO., HANKERS AJN'D DEALERS Di GOVERN MM SECURITIES, Uo- 30 South THIRD Street, : t PHILADELPHIA. MOTIMBOLPH Dealers In United States Boiids, and Mem bcrs or Stock and Gold Exchange, Receive Accounts or Banks and Bankers on Liberal Terms, ISSUE BILLS OF EXCHANGE O.N C. J. IIAMBRO & SON, LONDON, B. METZLER, S. S0HN & CO., FRANKFORT JAMES W. TUCKER & CO., PARIS, And Other Frinclpal Cities, and Letters of Credit Available Throughout Europe. smni, IUND0LPH & CO., S. W. corner THIRD and CUESNUT Sts., PHILADELPHIA. 1128 u p OP N S C UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, CENTRALPACIFIC RAILROAD 5-20s and 1881s, DUE JANUARY 1, AND GOLD, W A N T E .D. Dealers In Government Securities, No. 40 SOUTH THIRD STREET, 625 PHILADELPHIA. GLEMNMG, DAVIS & CO, No. 48 South T1IIKD Street, PHILADELPHIA. GLENMMG DAVIS & AMORY No. 2 NASSAU St., New Trork, BANKERS AND BROKERS. Direct telegraphic coniinuuicutiou with the New York Stock Boards from the rhiladelphla Ofllce. 12 a tf QANKING HOUSE OF JiiyCoQKE&0). Aos. 112 and Hi Sontb THIRD Street, PHILADELPHIA. Dealers In all Government Securities. Old 6-2Us Wanted la Exchange for New. A Liberal Difference allowed. Compound lptercst Notes Wanted. , Interest Allowed on Deposits. COLLE(JTIOJNB MADE. BToUKU bought and sold On Uomiulsalon. ladtesCli biuiueu accommodations reserved for We win receive applications for Pollolne of Life Insurance In ibe National Life innnranee Company of tbe United Biaies. full information given at our Office. IJII1E SAFE DEPOSIT COM PAN V, For Saft Keeping of Valuables, Securities, etc., and Renting of Safes. DIKEOTOBa N. B. Browne, IX Gllllngbam Fell, Alex. Henry. U H. Clarke, O. MaoaUur, A. Caldwell, JchnWeiah, IB. W.Clark, I Geo. F. Tyler, OFFICE. No. 21 CHE8NTTT STREET. ' W. B. BROWNE, President V, H. CLARK, Vloe-Presldent . PATTgRflOrl. Bco. and Treasures. 1 Ibmtml INSURANCE COMPANIES. JMl'ERIALELUE INSURANCE C0MTAN Y LONDON. ESTABLISHED 1803. Fald-np Capital and Accumulated Fonda, 88,0 0 0,0 0 0 IN COLD. rilEVOST dc. lKIUlRING.AaYeiiU, 11 4 8m, o, 107 Boutn ini&X Street, Pall. INSURANCE COMPANIES UNITED SECUltn! I. Ii I FE INS BRAN AfiO TKl'hT C O fi PAiH Y, OP PEN N SYLVAN! OFFICE: S. E. Corner Ell Til and CIIESAUT PHILADELPHIA. CAPITAL, $ 1 ,000,1 Dili KG T O It s. i OffOROK JT. fcHJllUP W. ( II H.VH, no, t in; I hit, V. A. IjUKX .L, WM. V. Mi'KKAN, 1'ilOjlAb W. HVN3, Acq s. Ba? 7HILADKLPH1A. BT17KT, ,H. H. HORKTMAN A. J JUtl'.A KU JOSKPH PATl'KTti I WM. V. HOUaltM IIKNUV K. KOOD, N W VOHK. i JAMKM. Jtcmrtl ON, Prealdo H Manhattan? iOalLVU. Kl CAKX, Ol J. J. Huarl dc CV., Bui B'IBTON. HON. . 8. TOBEV, Into President Board of TS CINCINNATI. j a. tiiAjiucKiiAi.i, ui uiinmopriain l CHICAGO. 1j. 7.. LITTER. Of Field, Llter A Co. C. M ..SMITH, Ol Ueu. V btmlin A ilrothers, LOtTlSVIM.K. k y , 'WILLIAM OARVJN, of Garvin, Bell ACo, BT. LOUI. JAM KB K. YK ATM AN, Cashier Merchants' Ka! ilHUtt NPW HAMPsHtRH. HON. J. W PAl'lKKoON, U. b. Beuator. BALTIMOKM. WILLIAM PBESCOTT SMITH, BnpHrlnla Consolidated Railway Line, New Vol Wasbirfetoii. P. V. f miKii A K'KR, of Adams A Co.'a Ex pre. CHltltmAN AX, Pf U. W.Oall dc Ar. iKAM'lts T. JtlNU, President Central 8 iiauk. GEORGE H. STUART, President. C F. UKTTA Secretary. J. L. LUDLOW, Consulting Physic R. M. GIRVIN, M. D.. iri,1 JU(4 F KOKill-ER, M,.t,.,;MdlCBliC"ial C. BITJART PAT l'EU301i,li... RICHARD LCLLOW, 'j Counsel. This Company laiues Policies of Lite Insa npon all tbe various plans that have been by the experience of European and Amur lean I panlea to be safe, sound, aud reliable, al rat LOW AND UPON TERMS AS FAVOKABU THOBK OF ANY COMiANV OF 1XJUAL1 B1L1TV. All policies are non forfeh kble after the pay of two or mo: e annual preniUins. 11 13 lui gjg...ClUIlTEB PEUUETU, rraiikliii Fire Insurance e' ftlAAA,Alaxsa'UAA. OFFICE) Sos. aud CHESKUT HTRI ASSETS OH JAM DART 1, 1A0S, VAriTAL.....,....,.. M..,M.........M..iAOlO 7wS"m US A.OIH.Si rX&MlVMH.. ..... 1.ISA.H4 CNbETTLKD CLAIM tj. INCOME iOM rain Baxiujs 1SU OVHB &G 000,000. Perpetual and Temporary Policies on Liberal T DIRECTORS, Clarle VS. Bancker, Ueorge Pales, Tobias Wagner, Alfrua Filler, Hn,i.el Uant, Fr.Lci. W. L(-7J. Menraa W Klcharas, Thomas Biri, IsaaoLe. William B. Grant. CHARLE9N. BANCKER. Preald. JAB. W. McALaJSl'lLK. fctecrnlurv nm Except at Lexington, Keuluokj, tots Oompan NSURC AT H O IV. IN TDK Pciin Mutual Life Insurance lo. 921 C1IESSUT St., WiiladelpIiW ASSETS, $3,000,00. CHARTERED BY OCR OWN STATE. MANAGED BY OTJR OWN CtllESS L'JtBtS PROMPTLY PAID. POLICIEb lbaCED ON Va.UK hi pr.inu Applications may be made at the Home OUlce, anj iiib Agencies throughout tbe butte, 2 1 JAMES lltAUUAIK I'KESIDH SA31VKL. K. aioJiUs VICE PRlfiolDH JKO. W. HOKJIKU A. V. P. and AOi'UA. llotiATloa, Ml torn H MUCKS TA,' jusdb a"h ob c o"ii"pi3 NORTE AMER10A, j No. 232 WALNUT STREET, PHIlADA INCORPORATED im. CHARTER PEKPEXU, Murine. Juluuu. aud Aire l Mil funJ ASSETS JANUARY 1, 1868, - $2,001,266 120,000,000 Losbt,a Paid ia Owl tilim Organization. DIKECTOKS, Arthur O. Coffin. bfetuuei W, Jouue, Joun A. Browu, Lbarie lay lor, Ambrose While, WlllUm Welnh, fck.hard D, Wood, h. Morris Wain, John Al winn. ARTBTJU Chables PukT-r. 8w!rnrr, WILLIAM BUKULHR, Harrlsburg, Pa-. Cent Agent for the Btam of Pnnnsylvanla. I si Gnorge L. Harrison. Francis H. uoue. Ju.waid 11. i roitor. Edwad 8. Clarke, T. Charlton Henry, Alfred D. Jensuu, John P. White, Lwuls U. Axauolra. . COFFIN, President COMPANY' 1 PIKKMX 1SU1(ACB PHILADELPHIA. INCORPORATED lbW CHARTER PFRPETUJ no. iut w e i Bireti., uppubiie the Exchanzi This Company Insures lnUi loss or damage by on liberal terms, on buliamtio, merchandise, fnrnlta etc, lor limuea periods, ana permanently on bul Uta by dbpoMl of pri-mlum , 'Ihe Company bus been la aotlveoperatloa for m( tbun blXTY YEARS, during which, ail losses h beeu promptly aujubicd i.uil pal 1, uiRhirroKd. 1 JohnL. Hodt;e, .J.uv id Lewis, Al. u. Manony, John T. Lewis, Wil lam b. Grant, Robert W. Lenuiiug, 1). Clark Wbaiion, Lawrence Lewi, it, Betiamin Ettlnc. Tuomas IX . Powers. A.R. McHe.,ry, AdiLOLd Casllllon. bauiuel Wilcox, JOHN It. WIIIWI UKk. Prtwldnnf Dixuiii ttxjlajua., ovuretary. LY Tl CTJRB INSURANCE KXCLU61VELY. Jj i-ENNHVLVAMA FIR Hi 1NMTJRANOK Ct PA NY Incorporated 18:26 Charier Perpetual -i 610 WALNUT bireet, opposite Independence Bqus This Company, favoraoly known to the oominuu for over forty yean, continues to lonnra against It or damave by ore on Publio or Private Bulldln, either perinauentlyor for a limited time. Also furniture Blocks of Goods, and Merchandise gel rally, on liberal terms, Their Capital, togeilu r with a largo Surplus Fan is invested In the most careful manner, whioh enabl them to offer to the Insured an undoubted security a the case of loss. Daniel Brulth. Jr., Alexander Benson, lHaao Haxleburst, Thomas Rohiu. DiBsproBS. WM. John rn?vft,nr. 1 Thomas Bmith, Henry Lewis, ,., J danikl uMiija! J-,P resiae" 0, CROW ELL. becretary. IU OTRIOTLY MUTUAL . PROVIDENT LIFE AND TRUST CC OW PHILADELPHIA. 1 OFFICE, So. Ill S. iOIIKTII STBEJtTI Orgaulxed 10 promote LIFE UNoUKANUJC amok BlWUbe0ltBt)CIBTY OF JRIEMDa, 1 Good risks of any class accepted. i Policies latued upon approved plans, ! Iht low nUM President, S SAMUEL K. KUIPLFY. j Vloe-Presidtut, WILLIAM U LONGHTRTtTH. ! ' Actuary, ROWLAND PARRY; Tbe advantage ofltred by this Company w ' ex veiled, 1171
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