0 TIIE DAILY Ei'lKG TELEGKArH PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, AUGUST 31, 1868. WILLIAM II. THE SCOTT. Ill Mf niul Worlt. Translated for "Evrru Suturduy," from the 'Jicvue dei Deux Monties." Almost ten years ago a prematura death de prived the world of letters and hia country of one of those men who have the most contri buted to mark in the literature of the nine teenth century the plaoe of the Amerioan peo ple. William II. Prescott, the eminent histo rian, died at Boston the 2Kh of January, 1859, Boarcely in the decline of life, in the full vigor of his talent, rudely interrupted in the oartMe cf his most important works. He 'eft behind him a reputation which spread m beyond the frontiers of his country, aJ works of the fl rat rank become popular veu abroai; but of him self, of his person, of the eilorts at the price of Whiuh he had bought his reputation, little was known bo far, in France at least. Oue had Indeed heard of tUe obstacles which a deplor able state of health and an almost complete blindness had thrown in his way. lie hiunelf.in the prefaoe to one of his principal works, had delicately informed his readers of his difficul ties and his Bufferings; but to these few lines, marked by a resigned melanoholy, was limited the information which one possessed. It is only to-day that we know more on the subject. A well-known American littt'rateur, Mr. lleorge Ticknor, has ju3t given us a scrupulously faithful biography of him who has be-m during forty years his most intimate friend. Written by a baud which peems still to tremble with emotion, his narrative leads us from the first months of Prescott's childhood to the day of his sudden end with an interest which every moment increases. This interest is due to the abundance of details which have the charm of truth, to the minute care with which the friend makes ns penetrate into t';e recesses of his friend's soul, and especially to a certain inspiration of tenderness which animates these pages cousecrated to the recital of a simple and often painful existence. It is not, indeed, in the quantity and strangeness of events that the true attrac tion of the life of Prescott is to be sought. This life has passed away completely in the compass of his study, on the threshold of which, it seems, the clamor of without has always expired. In this America which our ignorant imagination represents to itself in voluntarily as so disordinate, so noisy, which eo soon after his dnath was to be delivered to the horrors of civil war, fate procured for him a destiny the calm of whiuh would have caused envy in a monk of Moute Cassino. He has lived for work, he died working. We thought, however, that in the spectacle of the indomita ble energy with which he struggled against his sad infirmity, in the analysis of his habi tual methods of composition iu line, and per haps especially in the study of his pure and noble nature, there would be something in structive and engaging. Thanks to the large loans we shall make of Mr. Ticknor's work and to the celebrity of the name of Prescott, we hope that such will be the opinion of our readers. William Uiokling rro3cott was born at Salem, a little town in New England, the 4th of May, 17!i, of William, a distinguished law yer, afterwards Judge at Boston, and of Cathe rine llickling, the daughter of a Massachu setts merchant. The Prescott family boasted of its descent in a direct line from one of those glorious emigrants of the sixteenth century, Who, sacrificing their country to their faith, came to ask religious liberty of the desert shores of the New World. The first ancestors of the historian were, we are told, energetic and intelligent men, who exercised a great in fluence over the destinies of the infant colony. SiiCh memories are not, as it seems, in demo cratic America a matter of complete indifference; and many times the young William lent his ear to the recital of exploits aououiplialioii by one of his ancestors, who, marching against the Indians under the shelter of a coat of mail, threw, by his appearance only, terror into their inexperienced bands. Many time3 also was celebrated before him the part that his grandfather had played in the war of American independence, and the sabre borne by the latter on the glorious day of Bunker's Hill was held up to the admiration of his in fantine eyes. Perhaps by these first impres sions must be explained the taste Prescott always had for relating line deeds of arms and mighty sword thrusts. No course of reading excited in him so much enthusiasm as that of romances of chivalry. In the fi rst rank of his pre ierencesthe future historian of Hernando Cortes placed Amadis de Gaul, to which he paid, later on in his first work, a tribute of homage less enthusiastic perhaps, but more thought ful. Far different, moreover, from whu he was to be one day, he liked pleasure much better than work, ana showed a singular aversion for all that resembled an effort of any description. His admission into the rank of Sophomores of the University of Harvard did not modify at all his habits of idleness. It does not seem even that he was then able to resist all the temptations which pressed on bis path, since, when he had escape! from the surveillance of his friends, nothing prevented bim any longer from giving himself up to the impulses of an ardent nature and an impassioned heart. At least his biog rapher tells uu that this period was the most dangerous of his youth, and that often, later on, when looking back, he thought of it with regret. A terrible acoident, Which was to have on his desliuy a sad and considerable influence, changed suddenly the course of his life. In the midst of a students' brawl, he received in his eye a morsel of bread, thrown with force and by chance by one of his friends. This fatal blow was fol lowed by an inflammation which endangered bis existence during several days, and, when be returned to health, his eye was irrevocably lost. The long weeks which he had passed in darkness and silence were propitious to wise reflections, and he rose frem his long re pose with the firm intention of redeeming by an assiduous labor the trivial idleness of bis first years. Thanks to his remarkable faculties, of which he had so far not made much use, it was easy for him to succeed; and be obtained the distinguished honor of termi nating his university career by the public reading of a poem in Latin verse of his compo sition, dedicated to Hope a poem which he endeavored afterwards to find among his early papers, and the loss of which ne always re sretted. In laborious America every one must be seri- onsly something. If you do not wish to be a merchant, be a lawyer; if you do not wish to be a lawyer, be a writer; but then let litera ture and work fill your life as business or law would have done. Thus Preecott understood It. For him the life of the man of letters was in gome sort a business for which he had to prepare himself as for any other, and we are going to Bee how conscientious this preparation was with him. I'oet laureate of the Uuivenity of Harvard, he would have had the right to believe that his first education, in what con cerned classios and l'-u8HBh literature, was a sufficient foundation, atid. that on this' side at least he had no need of a new initiation, lie did not judge bo, and under the date of the 30th October, 1S21, he inscribed on his journal a pro gramme of readings in which figured, t,y the tide of works on grammar and style, the Kuglish prose writers and the Latin classijs. He nai the courage to carry out this programme to the lotter, and he was seen to study eagerly like a scholar the works on rhetoric in use at the universities. This task once performed, he resolved to devote himself to the study of foreign languages, embracing in his protects with the French and Italian literatures, which be knew a little, the German literature, which he did not know at all, without neglecting, however, to read at the same time in the trans lation, if his eyes could not endure the fatigue of the original text, his old Greek authors. "That will be sufficient," he added, modestly, "as a general preparation." Spanish, which was to be later the principal oooupation of his reading, did not then enter into his plans. He conseorated a year to the reading of French authors from Froissart to Chateaubriand, wi h out much relish for any of them; and a year likewise to that of Italian authors, of whom he was always a great admirer. Uace familiar ized with Italian, he undertook German; but his will, in spite of its firmness, failed before this difficult work. So far he had been able, thanks to the help of a secretary, to accom plish such vast undertakings without making much use of his eyes, which moreover seemed to grow stronger; but it could not be so with Herman. The first condition was to habituate himself to these Gothic characters, which were completely unknown to him, and his sight was not sufficiently strong for the task which he imposed on it. Alter some months of use less e Holts, he abandoned German, but it was not without a strong sentiment of regret and sadness. For the first time his infirmity became for him no longer an inconvenience, but a complete obstacle, and he could touch with his finger the insurmountable limits which the weakness of his body oppose! to the strength of his will. As the result of this trial, he fell into a profound discouragement, which had on his daily labors a rapid reaction. How he was drawn from this state of intel lectual marasmus is what Mr. Ticknor can tell us better than any one; for he can assume the credit of having shown to his friend his true road, and of having brought him to the entrance of the way which was to conduct him 60 rapidly to celebrity. Mr. Ticknor is in foreign languages what our neighbors call a distinguished soholar. He has specially occupied himself with Spanish literature, and he has published a history of that literature, which has placed him in the rank of the most distinguished critics of America. At the epoch with which we are concerned he had just prepared a series of lectures on this subject for the students of Harvard University, and he proposed to him self to collect them in a volume. To distract his friend, who wa3 both sad and ill, he of fered to give him his manuscript to read. The proposition was accepted; .soon Prescott took a passionate liking tor this language, and he resolved to replace the study of German by that of Spanish. Without losing a moment, he borrowed from Mr. Ticknor grammars, books, dictionaries. By a siugular accident, the History of the Conquest of Mexice, by Solis, was the first work on which he cast his eyes. At the end of some months he had so mastered the idioms, that he wrote to Mr. Tick nor letters in Spanish, in which he appreciated the literary value of the authors he was read ing. At the end of a year, this new course of study was terminated, and as he wanted to have always before him Borne vast project, and as he could without vanity believe him self Well prepared, he began to occupy him self seriously with seeking some subject for a work. He remained for a long time uncertain. Spain appeared to him with reason an inex haustible mine for the historian; but a scruple of conscience stopped him. He feared that material obstacles would prevent his bringing to the work he would undertake the indispen sable measure of care ami exactness. Ambi tion ended by carrying the day, and, after some final hesitation, he fixed Ins d.j';u on the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. Twenty yomra aHur, on tlio ujargiu vf tUo Jam - nal in which he had recorded this reso lution, he wrote with a pencil, "Happy choice!" Happy choice, without doubt; but might one not also say singular choice ? Is it not strange to see a democrat and a Protestant make himself the partial historian of two sovereigns, in whom the traditions of monar chical and Catholic policy were incarnated in the Middle Ages, in that in which they are most absolute? We would understand him better devoting himself to relate, a3 he for a moment thought of doing, the last days of the Roman republic and the last combats of lib erty against Cicsarism. Prescott was to remain not lesB faithful to his first inclination. To the end he was to celebrate the exploits of this great and strong Spanish race, which has sustained everywhere a desperate struggle in favor of the principles the most opposed to the tenden cies and sympathies of a citizen of the New World, and tne most bitter, or even the most odious, of these principles bad never touud iu bim aught but an impartial and intelligent judge. Prescott is not the only example of this singularity, and one knows with what Bcrnpulous equity one of liis compatriots has not long ago caused to pass before our eyes one of the most agitated epochs of the history of Spain, the revolt of the Netherlands. Must we not conclude from this, that, to relate with out passion and without prejudice the quarrels of our old Europe, the cuildren of youug America have a natural superiority f For us these struggles are of yesterday, the battle is hardly gained; victorious or vanquished, no one is sufficiently sure of his vic tory or defeat not to prepare in secret the arm 8 for a new combat. For them, on the contrary, the phantom of a dreaded past does not come to haunt their minds; the glauces which they throw back awake no irritatiug memory; they have nothing to fear and noth ing to wish for. What is there astonishing that they do not become excited at the recital of our bloody disputes ? They awake in them but an interest of curiosity, one might say of archeology; they nave no diniculty in relat ing them without emotion. That is not one of the least advantages which the complete aud assured liberty which they enjoy gives thaiu over ns. May God grant thai we may oue day share it with theui 1 The history of Ferdinand and Isabella, the appearance of which was saluted wiih so deep an enthusiasm, is certainly a work of great merit. Prescott exhibits iu it a wouder'ul aptitude in seizing and putting iu relief the striking feature oi the different personages around whom the interest concentrates, the virile gentleness of lri&btdla, the commou-pliioe cleverness of Ferdinand, the simple geuius of Columbus, the intractable temper of Ximeues. In fine, we must acknowledge the happy effects of certain episodes which develop them selves in the midnt of the rather limited irame woik of the book, as in a dark landscape a spot struck by a ray of the sun separates iteelf from the rest; but, while praising, we have at the sama time criticised. A guod his tory should not, to our mind, have any epi sodes. It i.s not proper that the author, aban doning biuii-elf complacently to his preferences, Bhould give to a certain portion of his reoital an unmeasured ex eut aud care, while to re establish the equilibrium he shortens arbitra rily or neglects another. Without doubt, it is not possible for a long recital to preserve from the beginning to the end an always equal interest. Fveuts have their character, one might say their peisonality, independently of him who relates them; but these inequalities must be the act of history, aud not the act of tn historian,. A painter can draw with a more skilful hand, paint in more brilliant colors the figures placed on the foreground of a picture, aud trace with a less careful pencil aud olothe in duller oolors those which are destined to lose themselves in the distance of fierspective. The historian .has not this icense. Ue is rather to be compared to the architect who would not be forgiven the ex cessive carving of one stone of a facade, and the leaving the others untouched. A work of history is like a monument; proportion, har mony, are its imperious laws. If tho-e laws be violated, oue may accomplish beauties, but not beauty. Perhaps Prescott did not sufficiently remem ber these eternal principles. Let us hasten to say that the subject of which he treated lent singularly to the error into which he fell. The period of which he undertook to give the history embraces more than a hundred years, and a hundred years filled, perhaps, with the greatest events of which Spain has been the theatre. Within, after a long period of civil wars, a sudden transformation takes plaoe iu her constitution, and she ceases to be a geographical expression serving to designate the peninsula comprised between the Pyre nees and the Straits of Gibraltar, to become the nation, one and formidable, whose monarchs were for a century to make Europe tremble. Alongside of this national movement, a great political revolution is ac complishing in her bosom. The crown, lean ing on the Corte, breaks and reduces to the role of courtiers these proud lords of Castile and Arragon, which still form to-day the most exclusive aristocracy of Europe. Ten years suffice to Ferdinand and Isabella to arrive at this result, which the constaut policy of our kings from Louis VI to Louis XI had in vain pursued. WUhont, the Spanish armies are always in the field; they struggle with France in the plaius of Koussillon aud on the bauks of the Garigliauo; they drive out of Spain the followers of the Koran, and, crossing the strait, carry the war even into their territory. The narrow limits in which he thought to con fine himself did not permit Prescott to measure according to their historic importance the place which he gave to each of these grand facts. Consequently, in the fear that this work should have no other merit thau that of a clear, judicious, methodical exposition of the principal events of an important epoch, he has chosen, as we said just now, a certain number of episodes in the development of which he ha3 taken pleasure. The wars with the Arabs rnd the conquest of Granada in the first part, the struggles with France aud the exploits of Gonzalve of Cordova iu the second, hold a place that one would hardly wish less important, for they are the finest pages of the book, but which one cannot prevent one's self from acknow ledging as exaggerated. Oue pays afterwards the pleasure one has experienced in feeling the interest languish aud the atteutiou be come distracted iu reading certain chapters in which incidents of real importance are rotated with too much brevity. By deciding to lengthen his work a little, while at the same time not going back, p-rhaps, quite so far, and by knowing how to add aud to retrench, Prescott could have made of his Ferdinaud aud Isabella one of those finished works which defy criticism and remain as models. His countrymen, as we have seen, had no fault to find; but for ns, who know what he is captble of doing, we believe we render him homage by showing ourselves a little more severe. If we are to believe Pre.cott, one of the faults against which he had the greatest diffi culty in contending was a constant inclination to idleness and discouragement. To whoever reads hi3 tiography, with the most attentive eye, it is difficult, however, to perceive at what moment he gave himself up to this in clination, and what space these attacks ot dis couragement fill. Scarcely four months after the publication of Ferdinaud and Isabella that io to eay, in the spring of 1839 we find him writing to Europe to have sent out docu ments relative to the history of the conquest of Mexico, and, full of ardor for this new sub ject, beginning a vast course of general and preparatory reading. Great was his joy when the precious boxes of manuscripts which he had asked for arrived from Spain. While he occupied himself with delight in abstracting their contents, a new accident, of a very dif ferent nature from those which he had passed through so far, interrupted hiiu in the midst of his labors, and was near making him aban don forever his design. America numbered then among its mo3t dis tinguished liitrrateurs the romancer-historian, Washington Irving, better known in Frauce by the graceful compositions of the "Sketch Book" than by his other more serious works, the "Life of Columbus" aud the "Chronicles of Granada," the publication of which had preceded that of "Ferdinand aud Isabella." It seems that a disagreeable fatality had always devoted itself to direct the attention of those two writers towards the same subject. Pres cott had been absorbed for a year iu the "His tory of the Conquest of Mexico," when he learned from a common friend that Washing, ton Irving had forestalled him in this road. This friend, indeed, assured him, that, on the news of this rivalry, Irving had protested his repugnance to enter thus into a contest with the historiau of "Ferdinand and Isabella;" and that he had announced his intention of abandoning to him the groaud on which they had both set foot at the same time. In this delicate conjuncture, Presoott decided on the only step worthy of him worthy also, as we shall see, of the man with whom he had to do that of explaining himself frankly with Irving. An exchange of cour teous letters took place letters which for the honor of both are worthy to be transcribed here in full. In this correspondence, Wash ington Irving acquainted Prescott of the defi nite abandonment he made iu his favor of the disputed subject. Perhaps Prescott would have accepted les willingly this renunciation if he could have known at the same time how painful it was to his rival. "When I made this sacrifice to Mr. Prescott," wrte Wash ington Irving many years after, "it was my bread in some measure that I sacrificed to hiiu, for I counted ou the profit I should derive from this work to mend a little my ivupaired finances. My pecuniary position would have been transformed. Nevertheless, I do not regret what I have dO'ae." To what do the great hintorlins of antiquity owe their immoitali y, if it is not tu.it they Lave lwayb iu their works let facts speak for themselves, the eternal youth of which nothing altera, without accommodating them to doctrines which would to-dar be struck with tenility ? Can one imagiue Thncydides, in liis Pel iponnesian War, eudeavoriug to de monstrate by the triumph nf Lace beiuou tin superiority of an oligarouy over a democratic constitution ? Can oue imagine Livy drawing from the murder of Vuyiuia au argument again -.t the dominion of the upper classes? If it waj permitted us to name Presooti bo soon after such models, we would Bay that, except the necessary difference if time and place, he has known how to give 1o his works the same stamp of unalterable serenity. How couli he have done otherwise, and how could he have let himself be assailed by foreign preoccupa tions he who, living in the midst of his tiun as if he were not of it, inexorably closed his ear to the clamors from without, to the tumults of partier, and shut up iu his study, took, as he said himself, no interest in political discus sions, if they did not relate to events or par sons at least two centuries old ? It must not, however, be imagined that there is in Pres ontt'a manner an affected search after sim plicity, nor that he has fallen into the error of taking for hia model the simple language of our ancient chroniclers. Prescott had too great and too simple a talent to delight in suoh pro ceedings. Joinville and Frolssart might have been in their time historians of the first rauk: the readers of our day do not the le33 require a more substantial food than their inimitable prattling. Presoott knew this well, and he excels in mixing in a Just pro portion general considerations with the recital of facts; but whatever he does, and whenever he appears for a moment to wander far from his subject by rising above it, every where and always be remains the historian nothing but the historian. To narrate is always Prescott'a chief business, to narrate with intelligence and gravity, without pueri lity and wi hout affectation, but to narrate, however, that is to say, to give life to the persons and things of the past br taking plea sure unreservedly in the speotacle of human activity. If sometimes he set off his recital by foreign ornaments; if by some graceful compa rison, by some poetic similitude, he colors the gravity of his style it is always with a perfect proportion, with an exquisite sobriety, which takes nothing from the severe harmony of the whole. In the beginning of the year 185S the first three volumes of the Life of Philip the Second, the only ones which have seeu the day, had already appeared. Of all Presoott's works, this history is certainly the least known. For our part, we should not hesitate, however, to class it with the History of the Conquest of Mexico, it it nas not obtained in America and elsewhere more popularity, it is because it has remained unfinished. It was not to be given to Prescott to pursue further this great under taking. For some time a vigilant eye could have foreseen by the gradual decay of his organs his approaching end. He could no longer, as he had done for a long time, sit down aud work under the shade of a group of trees near Fep perel, and known in the country by the name of the Fairies' Grove, where he came to enjoy the last fine days of that season that is called in America the Indian summer. Already his enfeebled eyes no longer permitted him to discern the outlines of the beautiful country he had so long contemplated. Soon he wa3 forced to confine his walk to a solitary turn around an old cherry-tree quite near the house, hollowing out the ground under his feet, as the charmed Bonivard hollowed out the soil of the dungeon of Chillon. At the same time he felt the symptoms of a new infirmity. He lost by degrees the sense of hearing, and he per ceived it with terror. Can one imagine what a trial deafntss would have been for him ? lie would have probably known this last and cruel a miction, if he had remained longer on earth. One cannot then pity him, that a sudden stroke removed him before his hour. In the beginning of 1S.1S he had received the first shock of a formidable malady, which, t) jude lrom the words uttered by him as soon as he felt the attack, had nothing unforeseen for him. Struck by a slight attack of apo plexy, he murmured in an indistinct voice to his wife, who was leaning over him, "My poor friend, I am very sorry for you that this misfortune should happen so soon." He escaped the peril, however, and the entire re covery of his faculties could give him the hope that tbe danger was at least adjourned. The last lines found written in his journal ex press confidence in the future aud gratitude towards God; but his friends were less confi dent than he, and experience was only too soon to verify their fears. The 27th of Janu ary, lb50, he was suddenly struck at the mo ment he was entering his study; and Bouie hours after, sunonnded by his wife, his children, the favorite sister who had been the companion and confi dant of his early years, by hi3 old friend, Mr. Ticknor, who had run to his bedside, he yielded his last breath. To die in the midst of those he loved was one of the things he most wished for. In his will was found the expression of a singular wish. He asked earnestly that, before being carried to his last resting-place, his body might be left some hours in the study where he had passed the (leasantest hours of his lite. His last wisli was religiously fulfilled. The same day his coffin was carried to the church, and lowered into the vault where his parents were sleeping. and the little girl he had so tenderly loved, in the midst of the sobs of hi3 friends, and the general emotion ot an assemblage which ex ceeded in number all that it is possible to imagine. Many people who had seen Prescott once or twice in their lile, or who knew him only by name, had followed to the end the funeral procession, badness was painted on every face, and it was easy to see, add3 the faithful biographer to whom the last word should belong here, "that every one had suf fered a great loss, and that a beneficent, as well as brilliant, light bad just been extin guished by the hand of death." Prescott has been preceded a very few years in tne tomb by anotner writer not less lllus trious, not less tried, and who has sought like him in the joys of labor an alleviation for the most cruel bodily sufferings; we mean Au- gustin Thierry. His name is sometimes met with in Prescott's biography; but there is no need to find it there, in order that one's thoughts should be directed to him every moment, uow many points, indeed, were there in common in the destiny aud in the nature of these two men I Both have had to exhibit an almost equal energy, in order to triumph over obstacles which their common infirmity opposed to the strength of their will Both devoted themselves, Presoott for the in digenous populations of Mexico, Thierry for those ot ureat liritain, to celebrate, one might almost say to sing, the inisforiuues of two proud and generous races, both crushed under the barbaiiein of conquest. Both writers have ' known how to color with the reflections of a ; brilliant imagination the most obscure episodes ot an almost unknown History, in oue ot the xuoft touching pages that he has written, J hierry tells ns, that, n&ving condemned hiru Belt to an absolute repose in the hope of saving what sight was left to him, he tried to divert his weariness by undertaking a sort ot ml crimace to the principal monuments which tbe architecture of the Middle Ages ha3 left on our soil; uud he adds that on his return from this expedition he astonished his friends by tbe vivacity ana precision wan wnton ue de scribed the edifices he had visited not that his weak eyes had discerned clearly their de tails, but because a sort of wonderful intuition repieseuted them to his mind as they should be. It is in the same way, it is with the same ; intuition, that these two glorious rivals repre ; stuted to themselves aud to the reader the peonages which they brought on the scene and the events which they narrated. Bjtu finally at the price ot a struggle courageously ; undertaken against one of the greatest trials with which Providence cau nlllict our mis ' erable humanity, have conquered two bless ings of this world which are the most seldom to be eDjoytd, reputation aud serenity. The touching faying of Augustin Thierry is well known: "1 have men able to make a friend to niytelf of the darkness." On the other baud, we have seen in this recital how peaceful, and one m8y say how happy, the life of Prescott was. 1 here Is in the spectacle or these two existences so exclusively consecrated to study, and so generously rewarded, something en couraging and strengthening. What have they to regret in not baving played an active part in the tumultuous movement of publio a II airs, and id liavmg yielded to an inexorable neeessity by living outside aud above the noisy quarrels of their time f One would assign too humble a rank to the abstract and disinterested labor of thought, if one would only see in it a harbor of refuge open to all those whom the inconstant wave of politios leaves disabled on the beach. Is it not. after all, the most glorious and the most extensive field that it is given man to fertilize ? is it not the only soil where be can sow germs which shoot out deep mots and branches eternally green ? In hours of trouble and anxiety, men like Augustin Thierry and Prescott are there to recall it to ns. They are there to tell ns that the ever- open breast of stnly oilers to the impatieut and the discouraged the same sanctuary that, as the immortal verses say, the ever-open breast of nature offers to the man disabused of the affections of this world. At the bottom of this sanctuary, where they Bought especially repose of soul, both found glory. Without hoping for bo much, one may be sure of find ing: in it at least independence, dignity, the employment of one's life. This is already a good deal for a child of the second half of the nineteenth century. SHIPPING. 4rjfjs LORILLARD'S OUTSIDE LINE. FOR NEW Y O R K. Great Reduction in Freights. On and after MONDAY, Julv d, vbe rates of freight by tills Hue will be as fuliowi:-7 cent per 100 lo., or 8 ceuts per cubic loot. OneofthefcrteamfMorthla Line will sail for New York eveiy Inesdav, Tbnrgdy, aud Saturday, from Ptlr 19 NORTH WHARVlB. For limber lufoiniailoii, apply on the pier to 8 216m JOHN F. OHL, r.r- van P I T A T? T , KK'INI V tK. r. ni. mMRKCX. The bie'.nlily l'KOM K1UEUH In uow net Whig IreiKbt at Pier lrt ts. Utt'vi a, una will positively sail ou Yi tiiMKbi)A.Y, dept. 2, at 8 P.M. i or freight apply to KUilUND A. SOUDKR A CO,, g 28 4i No It l)OLK bireel wuarf. NKVV EXPRESS LINE TO AIAX rttuaandria. UvorKeiown. auu WaabiiiKtonl Li v , vi Cbesnpeake auu Delaware Canal, with cou necliuna at Alexaudrla from the moat direct route lor L) Dchhurg, Brmtol, Knozyllle, Nashville, Daltou aud ihe Sou lb west. Bteumera leave regularly every Saturday at noon from the lint wbarl "" Market Btrnet. height received dally. WM p CLYDE A CO., No, 14 Norib aud Houth Wharves, J. B. DAVIDSON, Agent at, Ueorgetowu. M. KLUlUiiUJi: 4c Co., Ageula at Alexaudrla, Vir ginia. 1 S M)IIOE.--FUK MW YOHK, VIA DLLaWAHU AMIKAKITAN caNaI. j'.Afni.na nii.ainBU11 LUMrAWl, Tbe feieaui Propellers of litis Hue leave DAILY from flriil wbarf below Mantel atreei. THKULUH IN Z UUUK8. Goods forwarded by all the linen going ontof New York, Norib, Kuai, aud West, free 01 couiiulaalou. Freights received at our usual low rules. WILLIAM 1. Cl.YDK A CO., Agenta. No. 14 a. WHAKVKS, Philadelphia. JAMFS HAND, Agent. 3uJ Ko. lia WALL street, corner of Houth, New York. sg KT RAM TO T. IVKHPfirvr. PAT.rrvrs AT UUEKNaTOWN. i lie luiuan Line, uuder contract with thn TTnltari Btaies aud British uoverumeula, for carrying tl e Id aila. iMeiid debpaichiog thulrateaiLera aa follows; CITY OF PAKla ...Hatnrday, SeuiPiulier 8 CITY OF WA5HINUT'is(via Halifax) l'uesd'y.ae Jl. 8 CITY OF LONDON Haiurday, Septembtr 12 CITY OF iSALUMORE Saturday. HeniHiiihttr lu CITY OF NfcW VOKlv Tuesday, Wepieniber 2i auu em u nuuieeuing naiuruay auu alternate 1 ueJilav at 1 P. M., from Pier No. 45 JNOltTH. River. Vales of passage by the Mali Hleauier SAILING EVMtY BaTUKDAY:- Payaoie lu Oold. payable in ourrency, CAJBb I.UU1U. , f ioulE3ioeiuge.M.M. o-j to London lufi " to London i tti Hurl. linf " fr-J I'nria .7 Panaage by the Tuesday steamers: Cabin, t'JO, gold; Steerage, .i(i, currency. Hates ot passage from New York to JlaliKx Cabin, fju; otOfrugn, lu, in gold. I'a8engera also forwarded 10 Havre, llaniniirg, Bre pieu.eic, at moderate raiea. bteerage pmiPage. from Liverpool or Queeuntown, 4U. currency. Tlckeia can be bought here by persons aendiug lor their frieudg. For further Information, apply at the Company's ftlCO. JOHN O. DALE, AgHui. No. 15 IJKOADWAY, New York. Or, O'DONNELL : FAULK, Manpgers, J2 No. 411 CHE3N UT Mtreet, Fhlla. NORTH AMEiilCAN STEAM8FII1 i&Jfe4uuCOAlPAN Y. WnrougU Lima to California, via Faaama Kallroad. NEW ARRANGEMENT, Bailing from New Yoik on tbe 6th and 20th of KVERY MONTu, or the day before when these date., tali ou bunuay. Peonage lower than by any other line. For luforniallon address D. N. CAKUINUTON, Agent, PIerNe.4NOKTH BiVEil, New York, Or THOMAU K, BWAKLK, No. 817 WALNUT blreet, Philadelphia, Pa, W. H.WEBB. President. OHA8. DANA, Vice-Pres Ofllce 54 EXCHANGE Plac. New York. 1 3 am PASSAflh'. TO ANrn Pimi nDpin 42, Bltl I'dlJN AN k) IKKLaNII Hi olKAMdlii? AND BAILING PACKET. A'K UL'llIU'L It tf A 'I. Liu A A Ayf MHJ A A a 4U3 DRAFTS AVAILABLE THKGUGHOUT ENG LAND, IBELAND. SCOTLAND, AND WAX Ed, For particulars apply to TAPaCOrTb, BROTHERS A CO,, NO. 86 SOUTH Street, and No.M BKOAKWAY, Orto THOMAS T.8EAKLK, 11 Nj. 217 WALNUT (Street. ii PHILADELPHIA, RICHMOND and Norfolk, steamship line. TjtUiOLUH FREIGHT AIR LINE TO TA1 feOUTH AND WEST, EVERY SATURDAY, At noon, from FIRST WHARF above MAR KIT Street. THROUGH RATES and THROUGH RECEIPTS to all points In North and South Carolina, via feea board Air Line Railroad, connecting at Portsmouth, and to Lynchburg, Va., Teunessee, aud the Weal, via Virginia and Tennessee AUr Line and Rlcnmond and Danville Railroad. Freight HANDLED BUT ONCE, and taken at LOW ER RA'i itb THAN ANY OTHER LI ft if. The regularity, safety, aud cheapness of this route comnjeud it to the puollo aa tne most dealmble me dium for carrying every description ot freight. No charge for commission, dray age, or any expense Ot transfer. Steamships insured at lowest rates. Freight received dally. WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO.. m No. 14 North and feouih WHARVES. Point PORT-hK Age"' l Richmond aud City T. P. CROW ELL A CO.. AgeuUj at Norfolk, a 1 r aAirrr FOli NEW youk-swift-surb anir i ii i t iTnrrrrrm ilnn Compauy Despuuh a u cm it sure Lines, via Delaware and Ruiitan Canal, ou and alter tne 18th ot March, leaving dally at 12 M. aud 6 If. M connecting with all Northern aud Eastern lines, For freight, which will be taken ou accommodating ternia, appiy to WlLLlA.il M. BAiKD A CO , 1 11 Ko- ! DELAWARE Avenue, STOVES, RANGES, ETC. Jh.. KOT1CJJ. THE UNDER 8IGXEB P .5 WOUiii cull ulteutlou of liiu puolic to his FWSi NEW GOLDEN EAGLE FUKNACE. V tfr This an entirety new healer. It isbouju atructed hs to alouce command liselr to general favor, ben g a ct.Uibiiiailou ot wrougnt aud cast Irou. It It Vety biutple in Itt. construction, and I peru-otly air tight; sell cleanltg, having uo pipes or drums to be takeu out and cleaned, it U a ) arrauged wltu upi Igal hues as to produce a larger amouut ol heat from lu D.nie weight of ioal than auy mruaceuow la use '1 he bygromeirlc condition ol the air aa produced by niy new arrangement of evupora lou will at ouce d moi htrate ibat It is lb only Hot Air Furnace thai will produce a perfectly heultby a'OiOapuere. Those In wsnior a comuiete Heating APPrnti would do well to call and examine tne Golden I'.agle OH A KLKh WILLI A Mis, Nos. 1182 and 1134 M ARK Ki' Hir.M-t, Phila'teipula. A large assortment of Cooking Ksnges, Vire-noarO Roves, Low Down Urates, Veu.llators, etc, alway on baud, N, H. Jobbing Of all kinds promptly done, 6 lu CORN EXCHANGE KAO MANUFACTORY. JOHN T. BAILEY A CO., BKMOVKO TO N. E. corner ot Ma UK El' aud WATER "troets Philadelphia. DKALETtS IN BAUa AND BAGUINQ Of every d Kcrtption, for Grain, Flour, Salt, Suier-Phosphate of Lime, Bone Dust, Klc Large and small fitINN Y BAGS constantly on hand itJI Also, WOOL BACKS. JtiiM T. Bail. jAum Cascadkw. DRY GOODS. Ladjes about to leave tub city for tnetr country noose, ot the Boarihore will Bud It greatly to their advantage, before pan chasing elsewhere, to examine The Extcnsire Stock, at (Jreatlj Reduced rrlcca, ef ETs M . NEEDLES & CO., No. HOI OIIKSNUT STUKET GIRARO ROW, Comprising a complete assortment for personal Ot household nse, of LACKS, EMBROIDERIES HANDKKROHIRTS PUFFED, REV Hkkl) AND TUCKED MUS LINS, CAMBRICS, JACONETS, PIQUES, and WHITE GOODS, In every variety. VEILS AND VEIL MATF.RTAUS of every dracrle. lion, together wltu au extensive assortment of HOUSEHOLD LLNEXS, AT TEMPTING llli01S8 In every width and quality. BHIRTINO.PILLOWOASK, SHE ETING, ATABLS UNENH, NAPKIN 4, DOYMKS, Fl.ANNKLS, DIMITIES FOR fPKF.ADH, AND M7HNI. . TURE COVERS, MARSEILLE HO NEYCOMB, AND OTHUR SPREADS, TOWELS AND TOWELLING IN DAMAhK ANUHUCKABACK, ' HUMMKUHLANKrcIH, TA- ' BLK COVERS, ETC ' ALSO, 8HIRTINO. PILLOW-C1A8E AND SHEET INU MUSLINS, 2. IV3. NEEDLES & CO.. No. HOI OHE8NUT 8TltKl'lTt 1 OIRARD ROW. LINEN STORE. a sis a.roh street; IiISEN BUCKS AK D DRILXfi. WIII1E Ul'tHS AlVDDUuy,, BUFF COATINUnUCKN. F1.AX CLOHi:iI)UILWAD DUCKS. BUFF 1'OATIMU BUCKS. FANCY BKILLN, FAstT COLO UN. NTIIII'KD BBIL.L.M, FAST COLO KM, Itl.OCME UN F.SH, NK VERAL dlI,OBll, PLAIN t'ULOBEII tlNEH8,FOKLADIia TItAVliUIaU SUITS. PUIKTF.B .Ml I Ul INU LINEN. LINEN I'AHIBKIC BBC&SES. TIIF.LARUm ASSORTMENT OF LINEN UOOBS IN HIE CITY, SELLINO AT less than Jobbers' Prices. GEOROB MILLIKKN, Uneu Importer, Jobber, and Retail Dealer, 18gmw WO. gS ARCH STREET STEAMBOAT LINES. BRISTOL LINE BETWEEN NEW YORK AND BOSTON. VIA RKlSTOAi. for PROVIDENCE, Ta UNTON. NEW BEDFORD CAFE COD. aud ail points of railway communica tion. Rust and Norm. Tbe new aud splendid steamers BKISTOL and PROVIDENCE, leave Fler No, 40 NOR1H RIVER, foot of lauai blreet, adjoining Dobraatieg Sirt et Ferry. New Ywrg, at 6 P. to., ually, buudays excepted, con netting with steamboat train at Bristol ht 4 3u A. M,. arriving in Ronton at A. M., in time to connect with all the iiiorulug trains iroiu that city, l'ue most de Biraole and pluanaiii rou.e to the White Mountains. Travellers lor tnat point can m.ke direct oonaeo Hons by way of Providence aud Woice-iter. or Boston. Slate-rooms and Tickets secured at ulnue on Pier la New or. 6 1 6m H. O. BRIGOS, General Manager. ptiTN PHILADELPHIA. AND TRB!f- -L. -jV L. fin Bteamuoat Line. Tue steamboat iiu uitRErT leaves ARCH Street Wharf, lor Trenton, siopplug at Tauosy, TorresdalP, beverly, Burlington, Brlbtol, Florence, Rob alua' Wharf, and White Dill. Leaves Aich Street Wbarf! Leaves South Trenton. Saturday, Aug. I'J, 10 a.m Saiurday, Aug. as. 2 P.tf Suudaj , Augu t nu, to Luniugiou, Bristol, aud Inter, meulaie lanulugi, leaves Area streei whan at 8 A.M. places, 25 cents , FOB CHESTER, nOOK, AUD 3SSm WILMINGTON At 8 Su ana V 60 A. M. an" 4 ou P. Al The steamer 8, M. FELTON and ARIEL leave ChEbNUT btreot v harf (Sundays excep edi at 8 80 auu Woo A. M., and 8'rU P. M., returning leave Wil mington at 6'50 A.M., 12'50, and 'U P, M. Stopping at Chester and Hook each way. j Fare, 10 cents between an points Excursion tickets, 15 cents, good to retnrn by either boat. 88tl vxTEZZs 0PP08ITI0U TO THE COM- BiTlVr'irr " r RAILROAD AD RIVER Steamer JOHN SYLVESTER will make dally excuislous to Wiiniiugniu (auuuays excelled), touch ing at Chesier aud iHaiuus iiook, leaving ARCtf Sneet whaif at 10 A. M, aud 4 P. Ju.4 returning, leave Wt rxilugii r at 7 A. M. aud 1P.M. Light freights taken. .-,,.. L, W, BURNS, 28tf Captain.' lAirs DAILY EXCURSIONS. TH1 splendid cteamboat JOHN A. WAR leaves CHESNUT Street Wuarf, Philada,, at t o'clock aud 8 o'clock P. M., for Burlington and BrlHiul, touching at Rlverton. Torrendaie, Andalusia, and Beverly. Returning, loaves Bristol at 7 o'oloo A. M . and 4 P. M. Fare, 26 cents each way: Excursion 10 eta. 111 tx WOOD HANGINGS. T UK MAGNIFICENT NEW R iOMS OF T3E WOOL I1ANGIKG COMPANY, Ko. 1111 CHESNUT STREET. Are now open, where thoy are prepared to respond to ull or tlei s at ibe shortest notice Ibe pjbllo are Invited 10 call aud examine the beauttfal effucts Of WOOD HANGING Iu WALL DECORATIONS, And get correct end reliable Information In reference to Its adaptation, cost, aud all particulars respecting tbe same. tluiwumrp PATENTS. TTNITLD STA'l'KS PATENT OPi'ICK, WASH. U Inmou. D 11.. Aug. 16 lniS . CII ARIES 1'AKHjM, or Philadelphia, P., hav li g peliilnned for au , xiensiou 0 Hie Patent granted hlui 00 the 21st i'y o' November I8'4. and reissued ou tlix Sit day of Novembe , latii, tor au Improvement '"it isjrareaib' reiltlon bs beard at this otHcA on 1 lie 2d day 01 November next. Auvpersin uiay oiios this etleohlun, Oljjeo Ions, nep ihituma, aud 01 Ik r pai ers should l e ttlea In Hi's ottiie Iweu'y duyg beh re lie day ot hearing EL tail A FoOTE, b mil Gommlnsiuuer of Patuutt. auu . i . ju.i ituvro xiio"i 107. 1. iu , auu jr. jxl. Monday, A dg. SI. 11 A.M Monday, Aug HI, 8 J'.AI Tuesuay, kept J, 12 M Tuesday, Sept. 1, 4 P.M WeO'uay, " 2,12 M. Wedduy, " 2, 4 P.M 'i bursday " 8. 1 P.M I buiaday, " 8, 5 KM Vrday. " 4, l.'iP.k Friday, 4. 5. P.M 1 11
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers