6 CLOSE OF THE SECQMO GENERATION. EctIcw of lite Past 33 Years. CREATRESS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The editor of the Boston Traveller, in his regular weekly review last Saturday, wanders off into ft wonderfully interesting sketch of the past thirty-three and a third years, as follows: With the close of this day, August 31, 18(17, will close the p'woiid geueratiou of the nine teenth eentnry, and the iifty-sixth of the Chris tian era. A century is divided into three generations, of thirty-three years and four months each; and as the nineteenth century began on the 1st of January, 1S01, its first generation closed on the .'50th of April, 1834; since which date thirty-three years and four months have passed away, bringing an end to the second of the three equal parts of the cen tury. The best explanation of what is m:aut by a generation is that given by De Quincey. It is not meant that the whole population of the earth who were alive at the beginning of a generation were dead at its close, but that a number equal to the whole population had died, one-third of whom were born in that generation. The two-thirda who died of those who were living at the beginning of a generation must embrace persons who be longed to the active part of the community, and therefore a new generation of active men may be said to come upon the stage three times in a century. The exceptions must be numerous, as a third of the deaths do not come from among those who were living at the beginniug of the generation. Exactness of a literal char acter is not expected in such a case, but the estimate is sulliciently exact to meet the moral requirements of the matter. Looking back over ttoe third of a century that now is closing, we find it full of wonderful deeds and great changes. When the generation began, the State of things in this country was very differ ent from what it is to-day. 1'resident Jaoksou was in the seooud year of his second term of service, and was engaged in a hot contest with the United States Bank, the removal-of-the-deposits question filling the public mind as much as it is now filled by the question of reconstruction. The Whig party was just formed, but the Democratic party seemed to be impregnably seated in power. The Abolitionists were in the spring of their movement, and were hardly less obnoxious to most Americans than were the early Christians to the conservatives who rallied round Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The nullification movement had been put down the year before, and the slavery question had been seized upon by Mr. Calhoun to take its place.' The mails were rilled by "gentlemen of respectability and standing," with Govern ment's approbation, because they were sup posed to contain "incendiary matter;" and in Boston pro-slavery fanaticism was almost as strong as it was in Charleston. The number of States was but twenty-four, and "the West" was hundred of miles from its present occidental line. The navy consisted of wooden sailing vessels. War, except with Indians, had been unknown to the country for almost twenty years. Slavery was, apparently, as firmly seated here as the Papacy in Christen dom. Railways were little more than talked of, and telegraphs were unknown. The gene ration that then began passes away, and with it passes the country that then existed, and of which the people were so proud. Of all the leading men who then lived, but few survive. Jackson, Calhoun, Webster, Van Buren, Clay, Harrison, J. Q. Adams, Livingston, Tyler, McDuffie, Marshall, Taney, It. M. Johnson, Mangnm, H. L White, Hayne, Preston, Barges, Hamilton, Cass, Scott, Gaines, Marcy, Woodbury, McLane, Stevenson, Porter, Ben ton, Rush, Dallas, McLean, Tazewell, E. Everett, John Davis, Berrien, A. H. Everett, H. G. Otis, Cambreling, Leggett, Day ton, Biddle, and many more, whose names ' were as common in men's mouths in 1834 as those of Grant and Sheridan in 1S67, ' have departed. The United States Bank is aa dead as the continental currenoy. The Whig , party has been in its grave fourteen years, and the Democratio party is in a dying state. Slavery, that seemed strong enough to defy fate, and claimed to have subdued fortune, is abolished: and Abolitionism is the creed of the land. The navy that was has beoome well nigh as obsolete as the forces that fought at Salamis, being replaced by vessels built of lion, which are propelled by steam. The army, which was not strong enough to form an effective division, has been increased to ten times its former numbers. The number of States is increased one-half and more, while the extension of our territory exceeds the dreams of the founders of the Republic. "The West" is now on the shores of the Pacific, where we have two States, one of them the immediate creature of gold's power; and Territories there, or in the vicinity of the western ocean, are growing into States llussian America, wnicn was counted as lying beyond the boundaries of possible civili zation, has become ours by purchase, twenty vears after we had settled the Oregon dispute with England; aud we are rapidly bindincr those remote regions to the East by means of railways ana telegraphs, so that the Atlantio and the Pacific will be joined together by an nndivorceable bona ot iron in about three years. Great and opulent cities have sprung into existence: San Francisco, Chicago, Milwaukee, and others, are of the creations of this genera tion; while scores of places have risen from eomparative insignificance to wealth and great ness. We have had two great wars: that with Mexico, which grew out of the annexation of Texas, and which, meant to make slavery colossal, was tne means or its overthrow. while its ell'ect on the world's business through its leading to the acquisition of California is among the wonders of history, and belongs to the romance of commerce; and what may be called the great civil war, brought upon the J country through the bullying and insolence of the slaveholaiug interest, airectea and wielded by the leaders ot the Deinooratio party an the circumstances and incidents of that con test were as marvellous as the contest itself was unbooked for. At the beginning of the generation we had no national debt, and the States were comparatively free from pecuniary obligations; at us close tne national debt is ' not less than $2,000,000,000, and the States are enormously burdened with debt, of which they will pot soon rid themselves and most of these huge evidences of forced and unnatural expenditure, for the payment of which the in dustry and the ingenuity even of the unbornare mortgaged, were built up by war-makers, men who saved the country from being destroyed by the secessionists. What is remarkable, the country prospers under a burden of taxation much greater than that known to Krjgland, and which came into existence per vallum. In literature, much has been done in this gene ration and many of the greatest American iames belong to'it-Preseott, Motley II aw fhorne. Bancroft, Lowell, Tiokuor, k.rke, BrowBSon Ward, lecher, Norton Mrs. THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3 1&G7. Tboreau, Fields, Ilillard, Whipple, Kliot, Yo, Curtis, and others, are on the list; but many others who won fame in the gunwrstion's courpe, begun their labors before it orwned I,ongfllow, Emerson. Kennedy, Bird, Bimrnn, Mrs. Child, Miss Sedgwick, Willis, Verplank, and Percival are of this class. Cooper belonged more to this generation than to its Immediate predecessor, and Irving as ninch; and Bryant, who yet lives, has labored throughout its course. To science the country has contributed many eminent men sinoe the beginning of 1834; and in sculpture and painting not a few Americans in that time have achieved eminence. Much has been done for education, and the pure fame of Horace Mann belongs entirely to the generation now so near its end, but coming time will preserve it. Most that has been accomplished here in periodical literature belongs to it, the Nurth American Review being the chief exception. The newspaper press has risen to gigantic proportions in thirty three years, and among its conductors are numbered many distinguished men Greeley, Bennett, Raymond, Dix, Monroe, Morris, Nugent, Morse, Godkin, Blair, Trentiss, Greene, Conrad, Morton, Bryant, Haughton, Buckingham, Hill, Gales, Garrison, Hale, Knowlton, Forney, Bonuer. Dana. G. W. Ken dall, Leggett, Dow, Hudson, Ripley, Anthony, nouinson, rosswell, Weed, Bowles, and others; while a host of unknown writers have labored for and on it, who are in the predica ment of soldiers who fight hard and die in ditches to make fame and fortune for the few men that resemble the bard, "Who, noteless as ttie race from which he sprit lift. Saved othera' names, but left his own unsung." The cheap press is one of the glories of this generation, and it includes books of all kinds as well as newspapers. Looking North, we see Canada risen to importance in the last thirty-three years, and promising to become a mighty nation by the close of the century. The "Dominion" is emphatically the child of the generation, as the movements out of which it grew were at the height just after the gene ration began, and then Canada attracted the world's attention, and ever since ha3 steadily increased in wealth, power, and influence. Looking to the Southwe see in Mexico a pic ture exactly the opposite of the pleasing one presented by Canada; and this, too, is a pro duct of the generation, and one that does it no honor, as it was in 1835 that the constitution of 1824 was abolished, since which time the Mexican shin of state has been borne on a sea of troubles, till our "sister republic" has become a relative of whom we are ashamed; and the massacres of which she is now the scene remind us of the worst countries of the worst times of the Middle Ages and we regret she was not "ab sorbed" by the United States in 148. Mexico has cone backward as much as Canada has gone forward. In South America there has been much improvement, but there is room for much more. Braau has become a power ful country, and is well governed; Chili is orderly and prosperous; Paraguay is Etout and strong, as her recent deeds testify; Peru is not so orderly as she. was under Spanish rule, but on the whole she has gained considerably through independence and, speaking gene rally, there is nothing in the condition of meridional America that leads us to regret that most of it is no longer under .European rule. The project of abolishing slavery in Brazil is talked of as the generation closes. The West Indies have been freed from slavery in this generation, with the exception of the Spanish possessions, it was in id j that the British Emancipation act was adopted, but it was not till lbdS that the work was rilly completed. Cuba has been much sought by the United States since 1834, but in vain; and it has been assailed by pirates from the South, many of whom were executed at thu Havana in 1851, which put an end to filibustering in that direction. The whites in Jamaica com plain of being ruined through emancipa tion, and say they cannot raise anything, whereby the price of tropical produce is much increased but it is hotter to have tree souls than Ireo sugar. The Eyre butcheries, deeds worthy of Percy Kirke, were the outcropping of the old slaveocratio spirit, and show what we should have to expect were we to leave any power in the hands of our ex-slaveholders. 1'assing across the Atlantic, we see that Europe has changed immensely in thirty-three years, the consequence of great events that there have occurred in almost every country, from Cape North to Cape Matapan, and from the mouth of the Shannon to the mouths of the Volga. In 1834 Great Britain had fairly got under the government of the ten-pounders, because of the passage of the Reform bill. Many other reforms were the consequences of the great political change that had been wrought in 1832. Colonial slavery was abo lished, municipal reform effected, religious institutions were considerably liberalized, the law was relieved of some of its burdens, something done for education, taxation made more equal, the fiscal system improved, the press freed from odious imposts, and much other good work performed. Still, the Libe rals lost ground, and the Tories returned to power in 1841; but in 1845-6 ooourred the Irish famine, the result of the potato-rot, a peculiar evil of this generation, and the ellect was the abolition of the Corn laws, whereby fell the bread monopoly of the British aris tocracy. The Whigs returned to power, and held it with brief interruptions down to the summer of 18G6, when the present Tory Gov ernment was formed, which has carried through Parliament a Reform bill that confers the suffrage on about a million of men who had small hopes of receiving it two years since. Ireland has been the scene of her usual troubles in this generation. The power of Mr. O'Connell was shaken before his death (in 184G), in consequence of the proceedings against him by the British Government, aud Young Ireland made itself heard. An attempt at insurrection in 1848 failed utterly ; but during the last three years Feuiauism has given "the Saxons" much annoyance, particu larly as it operates in America as well as in Ireland, aud even made an attempt to invade Canada in 18GU. Great Britain has been en gaged in many wars since 1834 : in China, in Syria, in Afghanistan, in South Africa, in many parts of what is commonly known as India, in Persia, in the Crimea and in the North of Europe,, (against Russia), and in tbe far-away islands of the Southern Ocean; and in all these wars the Bteady bravery, the indomitable pluck, and the strong energy of the British race have been as honorably displayed and maintained as ever they were in former generations. Ii ciriuunstaneesprevented Britain from having tlm first part in the Russian war, no one can my that British valor was more splendidly exhibited a; Blenheim and at Waterloo than it was at the Alma, at Balak lava, and at Inkermann. The charge at Balaklava will go through history as long as history shall bts written. The Indian mutiny afforded England a terrible opportunity to show that she was competent to the highest work of war, and she did not neglect it. France has become very great since 1831. At that date the Orleans Government had tolera bly establiohed itself, but, though its inten tions were always g(,d, that dynasty never be came popular. The French expected it would lift their country out of the (dough into which it had been cast by the events of 1813-15; and assert for them a high place in Europe and throughout the world; but "peace at any price" was its motto, and it anted np to that motto. When M. Thiers had brought his country to the verge of war with most of Europe on the Eastern question, Bonis Philippe got rid of him, and M. Guizot was placed at the head of affairs till 1848, when monarch and monarohy and minister were in volved in the ruin effected by the revolution of February. A French republio was esta blished, which had a sickly existence of almost four years, when it was overthrown by its own President, who made himself Napo leon III. The bitterest enemy of the Emperor must admit that he has done much for France. He vmade her a great nation once more, and secured for, her the leadership of Europe. His part in the Russian war was a great one; and at the Congress of Paris (185G) his moral supremacy was ad milted. His part in the Italian war also was great, and led to the overthrow of Austria, aud to the ruin of the plan she had formed of making Italy one of her depen dencies. He increased the territory of France; and the material warfare of his subjects has been much promoted by his action. Never were the French bo "well off" as they are under his rule. Had he not entered into the Mexican business, under the mistaken notion that the secession war had ruined this coun try, his power could not have been shaken; but that was fatal to his honor, and it may prove equally fatal to his power. He behaved in the meanest manner when he abandoned the Archduke Maximilian, to whom he had pledged his full support, and on the impe rial head should the archducal blood be. Russia was the first of powers in 1834. She, though half an Asiatic power at the least, lorded it over Europe at that time, and Czar Nicholas was then much stronger than wa9 Napoleon III in 18G5 for he was strong in all the strength of legitimacy as well as with all the strength of cannon, whereas the French man is not a legitimate sovereign, but an ad venturer, who may be made to disappear at any moment. He set himself against revolu tion everywhere, and behaved with the great est intolence towards everybody. He took the lead in destroying the independence of Cracow, he crushed the Hungarians when they were about to crush the House of Austria, and he sought to make the Sultan surrender the men who bad eaten of his bread and salt, and thus do violence to sentiments that were ancient as long ago as when Abraham lived in his tent on the Plains of Mamre. So that when he made a violent attack on the Sultan in 1853, under religious pretenses, all thoughtful men were glad "to see him boldly met by Turkey, by France, by England, and by Sardinia; and also they were glad to see his armies beaten, Sebastopol laid in ruins, and his fleet sunk beneath the waters of Euxine. The lead Russia had held for forty years after the fall of Napoleon I was at an end, and Nicholas died of mortification. Since then Russia ha3 be haved better, though none can speak well of her arbitrary conduct towards the Poles, who have made efforts to regain their nationality, but in vain. Russia defied French interven tion in their behalf, and put down Napoleon III as summarily as England had refused his proposition for the meeting of a General Con gress.. But the Czar has emancipated the serfs, a proceeding the importance of which will be better comprehended by men of the future than by contemporaries. "'Tout est optujue," says a clever Frenchman, meaning that we do not, because we cannot, uvler stand the value of what we witness. Russia is now devoted to material improvement, and is extending her power in Central Asia. Italy, once "the lone mother of dead empires," has risen from her dust in this generation. The little sub-Alpine kingdom of Sardinia has be come the great kingdom of Italy, which in cludes even Sicily; and we have seen a King and Grand Dukes and Dukes, not a few, de throned there, while most of the Pope's tem poral possessions have been taken from him, and he is in danger of being stripped of the little that is left him. Nothing but French protection has kept him in Rome since he re turned to that city. This extraordinary change the world owes to Cavour, Garibaldi, Victor Emanuel II, and Napoleon III. Cavour was the first of statesmen, and his death was the saddest of the generation ; and Gari baldi's life and achievements belong to the world of old romance, only that they are so real. Germany has astonished the world. In '34 she was as drowsy as Barba rossa in his cave. In '48 she behaved her self frantically. In '6U she vaulted to the first place in Europe. This was the consequence of the exertions of Count Bismark, chief Minister of Prussia. The story is too recent to require more than the merest allusion. The North German Confederation has been created, and it is but the first step in a movement that will lead to the creation of a new German Empire, at the head of which will be the Prussian royal family, the House of Uohenzollern. Austria had been so weakened by the struggle of 1848-9, and by the war of 1859, that Prussia defeated her, though she was backed by a large part of Germany; and by the same means Prussia took the first place from France, which that oountry so resents that she Beems to he bent on getting up a Prussian war, as she has united with Austria to put a stop to Prussian progress. Austria, after oppressing Hungary for years, has "made up" with her, and empire and kingdom have been reconciled, and embrace so affectionately that you are led to believe they mean to hate each other for ever. Belgium, which began its national existence but a short time before the opening of this generation, has made im mense material progress, and would be content were she not inconstant fear of being "gobbled up' ' by either Prussia or France. Holland, which has had a similar career, is similarly situated. Spain was involved in the horrors of a bitter civil war in 1634, which lasted many years, and she seemed worn out; but her means are great, and no country rises more rapidly from a low point, let her have but a fair oppor tunity; and soon she was not only well situ ated at home, but the world saw her under take a war ageinst Morocco, and wage it with entire success. She also attacked Chili and Peru, bombarding and burning Valparaiso, but getting the worst of it when her fleet assailed Callao; and she was an original party to Napoleon's attack on Mexico, but soon backed out of that bad business. The Spanish Government long has been unpopular, and has resorted to the most arbitrary rule, and at present the dynasty, the last of the Bourbons, is in serious danger of being over thrown, the country being reported ready for almost anything. It is supposed the crown would be given to the sovereign of Portu gal in the event of the dethronement of Isabella Segnnda which proceeding would complete the fall of Portugal, by causing her to be ab sorbed into a rounded peninsular kingdom. But the Teal Portugal the Portugal of which we read is in Brazil, as England would have been in America by-and-by had she held on to all her American possessions. The Scandi navian kingdoms have not contributed much to the events of the generation, though the lesser one Denmark occasionally figures, as in the affair of the Duchies, in the great games, mnoh to her disadvantage. Sweden ought to bo happy, according to Montesquieu's saying, nr uer Bunais are wearisome to the out sider; but she has bad some domestio trou bles. Greece has changed herdynasty, and is de sirous of war with Turkey, if she can be backed by KusBia. Turkey has been worried through out the whole generation; worried about Egypt, about Montenegro, about Roumania, about her Christian populations, about Syrian mas sacres of Christians and Christian oocupation of byria, about Candia, about money, and about reforms. This would have been, the last of her generation, had she not been bolstered and buttressed by Western Europe again and again.-, Christendom saved her from Egyptian ambition in 1840; and the Czar talked of her as a "sick man" as early as 1844; and in 1853 he purposed doctoring her, hoping to restore the cross in Constanti nople in the year that completed the fourth century since the Crescent had been placed over the first of Christian capitals a grand design, which might have succeeded had the boldness of his movements borne any proportion to the audacity of his con ceptions. Christians prevented his success, and thus this generation lost what would have beep a magnificent addition to its property in events. Egypt's Viceroy has been made a King, and the house of Mehemet may prove as fortunate there as were the Lagid;e. Proceed ing East, we are reminded of the fighting about Herat; the invasion of Affghanistan; the expe dition to Khiva; the tremendous wars between the English and Sikhs, leading to the con quest of the Punjanb, a conquest that had a memorable elleut on the reconquest of India after the Sepoy mutiny; and the ab sorptions into and annexations to Bri- tifch India, of minor countries, under tbe lead of Lord Dalhousie, one of the greatest of British Viceroys, including the kingdom of Oude; the siege and taking of Mooltan, and the acquisition of the Koh-i-noor, which is supposed to take bad luck to its possessor; the mutiny itself, with its horrors, its hard bat tles, its desperate sieges, its long marches, and its great spoils; and the short revival of Mogul rule at Delhi, and the final extine- 4rtn rf Airnn flint la Vt aA erwr t n oli n A 41ia Tnlian King, who was so far descended indeed from Akbar and Aurungzebe. The East India Com' pany was abolished as a political party imme' diately after the mutiny, and Victoria (whom God long preserve I) is Queen of Ilindostan. The quarrels of England and China belong principally to this generation. They began just before the close of the last genera tion, but little was then done, while through out this generation they have been car ried on with considerable energy. France taking part in them at last, and Russia ap pearing too, though she did not pursue the same course as the other European powers; and America was also concerned to Borne ex tent in them. The general result of these allairs is, that the Chinese shell is broken, and that Christendom has conquered the pre judices of China. Future times will complete the work. China has been the scene of vast rebellions, of which the Tae-ping rebtllion was by far the most important, and at time3 seemed likely to effect its purpose, the over throw of the Mantchoo dynasty. The Chiuese emigration to America is one of the most remarkable incidents of the time. Japan, so long a sealed country to foreigners, has Deen iorcea to change ner policy in this generation, through the exertions of Europeans and Americans; and from what has been done in the present year we may conclude that she will soon be brought within the ring-fence of civilization, as occidentals are pleased to denominate their modes of life. France has entered on opera tions in Cochin-China, in pursuit of her crazy conceit of obtaining colonies that do her no good. Australia has grown rapidly in the last thirty-three years, and the discovery of gold there in 1850 has been attended with great consequences. All through that part of the world is vigorous life, and Biisish nations are there fast coming into existence. Africa affords little (matter for remark. In the extreme southern part of that continent the English are steadily reclaiming the country, and they have had severe con tests with the savages. France continues to hold Algeria, which has been a school for her soldiers for a generation ; but of real colonization she has effected little. Tunis has become an enlightened community. Mo rocco has had wars with France and Spain. The course of African discovery has gone on with much spirit, and it is claimed that the fountains of the Nile have been reached; but it is asserted that this particular discovery is nothing more than a revival of old knowledge. The slave trade has been steadily prosecuted, though not to its former extent, and subjected to severe attacks; and it is thought that recent events will soon put an end to it, so far as Christians are concerned in it. Its entire sup pression will, we may assume, be one of the glories of the third generation of this cen tury. Abyssinia has attracted some attention of late, because of the disputes between its Government and that of England. Zanzi bar has ascended to consideration, and was separated from Muscat eleven years since. Of miscellaneous matters belong ing to our generation, we may mention the growth of Mormonism; the building of the Panama Railroad; the triumph of liberal prin ciples almost everywhere; the establishment of cheap postage; the restoration of the remains of Napoleon to France; the visit of the Prince of Wales to the United States; the advance of the temperance reformation; the canalization of the Isthmus of Suez, though not com pleted; the appearance of rinderpest in West ern Europe; and the holding of great Exhibi tions for the promotion of industry, science, and art. The literature of the time will com pare advantageously with that of any other generation. Its chief characteristic is its humane spirit. The names it furnishes to his tory are among the greatest known, whether in the severer pursuits or in the lighter depart ments of letters. Never was literature so well rewarded as it has been throughout this gene ration, which is one of the effects of the general diffusion of educatior, a peculiarity of the gene ration. The "largest liberty" of discussion pre vails almost everywhere, as respects most sub jects. In science the progress made since 1833 is vast, and merely to n?me its achievements would require a volume. From the highest flights of the greatest astronomers to the deepest researches of the mo'jt enlightened and persevering of geologists, progress has been the world's law. That series of discove ries and inventions which began withDaguerro Wongs to the fifty-sixth Christian generation. But the changes wrought by the application of steam power to navigation and travel, aud by the use of the electrio telegraph, stand at the head of thework of this generation. They can be fully comprehended only by persons old enough clearly to remember the condition of the world at the beginning of 1834. Ocean steam navigation, railways on an extensive scale, and the electric telegraph are things of this generation. All that had been done in respect to railways previously to 1834 sinks to insignificance when compared with what has been done since that date. And of ocean steam navigation the same can be Baid, with even more emphasis. The electric telegraph ia entiruly ouris; aud its use has been produc tive of the most extraordinary results. While steam has achieved but a partial victory over ... n At 'in... space, electricity nas anninnaieci num. most stupendous of the telegraph's conquests was that involved in the suocess of the project of laying the Atlantic cable, which has chained America to Europe. The whole world, indeed, is fast becoming united by the spread of tele graphic wires. .Looking at wnai nas umu done since 1833, we are at a loss to compre hend what has been left for men to do hereafter; but, no doubt, there are still "mighty secrete hid in Time and Nature" for them to discover. Just now, their in genuity is mainly directed to the promo tion of agencies of destruction, as it has been for years past. ' It is of the nature of a practical antithesis that the most humane and enlightened of generations should have contributed most to render weapons of war effective; but it is argued that the ulti mate effect must be to render all war impossi ble. Be that as it may, science has done as much for war as for peace in the generation that closes with this day. At the same time, the additions made to the means of promoting human comfort are very great. The sewing machine has been invented and so has the needle-gun, which is the sewing-machine of war. Many eminent foreigners have died in this generation, only a few of whom have we room to name: Prince Albert, Wellington, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Tom Moore, Lord Palmerston, Cavour, Lafayette, Czar Nicholas, Louis Phillippe, Sonthey, C. Lamb, Soult, (last survivor of Napoleon's Marshal's,) Pro fessor Wilson, Lord Eldon, Lord Macaulay, Lord Lyndhurst, William IV, the Earl of Carlisle, Sir R. Peel, Lord Melbourne, Miss Bremer, Lord Dundonald, Faraday, Mrs. Jameson, Earl Grey, LordStowell, Bernadotte (Charles XIV, John, King of Sweden), Prince Metternich, Count Nesselrode, Leopold I, N. M. Rothschild, Mehemet Ali, Mahmoud II, Thomas Hood, Marshal Radetzky, Charles X (in exile), Douglas Jerrold, Lord Raglan, Marshal Pelissier, Maria Edgeworth, Mrs. Gore, Lord Lansdowne, Sam Rogers (at 93), Mrs. Gaskell, Lady Morgan, Chateaubriand, Lord Clyde, the Archduke Charles, Mr. Buckle, Prince Paskevitch, Henri Beyle, Sydney Smith, Lord Jeffrey, Dr. Arnold, Mrs. Browning, Wm. Mure of Caldwell, Sir K. Adair (at 93), J. W. Croker, the Archduke Maximilian, Lord Elgin, E. Arndt, Baron Von Stein, Doctor Whewell, Archbishop Whately, Lord Plun kett, Mrs. Shelley, the Duke of Orleans and his wife, Sir G. C. Lewis and his wife, Mary Berry, Joanna Baillie, Charlotte Bronte and her sisters, Madame d'Arblay (Fanny Burney), Marshal St. Arnaud, Leigh Hunt, R. L. Shiel, Mrs. Trollope, W. . JLandor, Lady Duilerin, Miss Landon, Hallam, James Montgomery, A. Von Humboldt, Marshal Bertrand, Grouchy, Robert Montgomery, Pushkin, Prince Polignac, Sir U. Lowe, Harriet Lee (at 90), Ludwig Tieck, A. W. Von Schlegel, Jane Porter, T. Campbell, Branger, Lucy Aiken, Miss Mitford, G. Croley, H. Heine, Michaud, M. de Barante, Praed, John Sterling, Wm. Motherwell, Allan Cunningham, R. Cobden, Lockhart, Schelling, Hogg, Ary Scheffer, Cornelius, E. Sue, Uhland, Horace Vernet, Count Szechenyi, Augustia " Theirs, Prince Felix Schwartzenberg, and many others not less distinguished than those named. Our summary is necessarily brief and bald, and it could not be made as complete as it should be even had we ten times as much space at our command as we have. What we have said is intended to be less instructive than suggestive. Take it for all in all, this generation is exceeded in the importance of its events considered with referenoe to their pro bable consequences only by three of its pre decessors. These exceptions are: 1. The generation from the autumn of 14G7 to the close of 1500, in which occurred the fall of the Burgundian house (Valois) and the rise of Switzerland; the establishment of the Tudor dynasty in England; the discovery of America, and the beginning of its coloniza tion; the progress of Portuguese disoovery, including the doubling of the Cape of Good Hope, and the beginning of that European conquest of the East which sinoe has been carried so far; the spread of the art of print ing, and other matters of high moment. 2. The generation that began with 1501 and ex tended to the spring of 1534, in which bo much of America was conquered and colonized by the Spaniards ; when the House of Austria became so powerful that the broad and solid foundations of a universal rule appeared to have been laid through successes in matri mony and in war; and when the Reformation broke out. 3. The generation that began in 1707 and closed with the year 1800 in which Napoleon was born, and which saw the rise of Russia and the partition of Poland, the American Revolution, the French Revo lution, the union of Great Britain and Ireland, the formation of the Ameri can Constitution, and the extension of British power in India. Nothing has occurred in our generation that can be classed with the discovery of America, the Reformation, or the French Revolution; but in secondary matters this generation can claim superiority over any and all the three exceptions named. The greatest European event is the change in Germany. Perhaps the abolition of slavery in the United States may prove to have been as great an event as the abolition of the old monarchy in France; but the point can be determined only by time, when all who are now living shall be as dead as the self-emancipated gladiators who served under the standard of Spartacus, whatever that may have been. HARDWARE, CUTLERY, ETC. gTANDBRIDGE, BAKU & CO., IKFOBTEBB OF AND DEALKB8 IN FGHE1GN AND AMERICAN HARDWARE, NO. lai 1UBUET STREET, Offer lor sale large Btock of Hardware and Cutlery, TOGETHER WITH lOOO KEGS NAILS AT IlKDl'Cl-U PBICES. tS7tluta CUTLERY. ; " A fine assortment of POnKETand TABl.K CUTLERY, KAZOIW, RAZOR STROPS, LADH-JS' HU1S- SOltrt. PAPKIt ANII TIIUIKH1 BHKAKH, tTO.i L. V. HKLMOLD'8 Cutlery Store, No. 185 South TENTH Street, 11 Tbree doors above Walnut, cj SLATE M ANTE L S. SLATE MANTELS arc unsurpassed tor Durability Seaaly, trerjKth, and Cheapness. frLATE MANTELS, and Hlata Work UoneraU made to order, ( . J. B. KIMEH CO., 1 I Htm Ko tlMndMCHEWNPTBlJft . Cnrt.- GARDNER & FLEMING, . COACH MAKERS, HO. 14 IOVTU riFTM STREET. ' New and Beoond-bandCarrlagosfor sale. Far tkrdar attention paid to lepabrlng. 6 30 8 GROCERIES, ETC. SUPERIOR VINECAflS, UEKIIIIIE rBFJICU WHITE WINS AND PURE ID CIOEB TINEGABM, FOB BALE BT JAMES B. WEBB, S H Corner WALNUT and JKIdHTH Sta. TIUTE TRESERVINGBRANDT. PUKE CIDER AND WINB VINEGAR, GREEN GINGER. MUSTARD BEED.'SPICES, ETC. All the requisites for Preserving and Pickling pat poses. Dealer in Fin Groceries, 11 7Jrp Corner ELEVENTH and VINE Bttu TOBACCO. ONE HUKDF.ED COLLARS A DAY! CEHTTJRY TOBACCO, IN TIN IT OIL. In order toTovercome a natural prejudice that always exists against New York Tobaccos, and being fully convinced that where the CENTURY brand la once used Its superior qualities will be recognized, we have adopted the plan of putting money In the papers as an extra Inducement to consumers to give Ha trial. Instead of a single Hundred Dollar Note in one paper, as we have done heretolore, we have con cluded to vary the amount, but In all cases to allow the aggregate to be the same, viz.: ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS A DAY On MONDAYB we will place a HUNDRED DOLLAR (One Paper.) NOTE In a paper of Century On TUESDAYS we will place In each of TWO paper (Two Papers.) of Century a FIEfY DOLLAR NOTE. On WEDNESDAYS we will place in each of FIVE (Five Papers.) papers or Century a TWENTY DOLLAR NOTE . Cn THUS DAYS we will place In each of TEN (Ten ropers.) papers of Century a TEN DO! LA R NO IE . On FRIDAYS we Kill place In each of TWENTY (Twenty Papers.) papers of Century a FIVE DOL LAR NOTE. On SATURDAYS we will rplace In Teach of FIFTY (Fifty Papers.) papers of Century a TWO DOL LAR. NOTE. P. A . LOBIIXABD, B. A. TAX SCIIAICK, 8 21 tuths!8t No. 16 S. FRONT St., Philadelphia. FURNITURE, ETC. X O HOU SEKEEPERS: I have a large stock ol every variety 01 FUKNITUHE, Which I will sell at reduced prices, conslstlnc of-. PLAIN AND MARBLE TOP COTXAG1S BOITS. WALNUT CHAMBER SUITS, PARLOR SUITS IN VnXVKT PLUSH. PARLOR SUITS IN HAIR CLOTH. PARLOR BUITS IN RKl b. Sideboards, Extension Tables, Wardrobes, Book cases, Mattresses, Lounges, etc, etc. r. p. eusTiHB, 8 1 W. K. corner SECOND and RACK BtreeU. ESTABLISHED,. 195. A. S. RODINSON, French Plato Looking-Glasses, ENGRAVINGS, PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS, ETQ Manufacturer of all kinds of j EOOKH-LAfcM, PORTRAIT, AUD PIC TUBE FRAMES TO ORDER. No. OlO OHESNUT ' STREET THIRD LOOR ABOVE THE CON TLNENTAL, ' PHILADELPHIA. ' ' ' g 15 HOOP SKIRTS. C)Q HOOP SKIRTS, JOO VZjO HOPKINS' "OWN MAKE Ol5c5 PRICES REDUCED I II ' It affords ns much pleasure to announce to on numerous patrons and tue publio, tbat In constf quencecfa slight decline In Hoop Skirt material! together with our Increased facilities for nianufuh turlng, and a strict adherence to BUYING arS fcELLlNG for CABH, we are enabled to offer ill oui JUbTLY CELEBRATED HOOf BKIRTS at Rk! DCCED PRICES. Aud Our Skirts will always m heretolore, be found In every respect more desirable, aud really cheaper than any single or double Borlnr Hoop bkirtlu the tuarkit, while our assortment Is unequalled. Also, constantly receiving from New York and th Eastern Stales full lines ot low priced Hklrta, at Terv low prices; among which is a lot of Plain Skirts at the following rates; 16 springs, 56c.; SO springs, 6do.-2S spriugB, 76c.; go springs, boc; so springs, H6c.i and ia springs, lm . " bkiru niude to order, altered, and repaired. Whole sale and retail, at tbe Piilludelphla Hoop bkirt Em. porlum, No. tOd ARCH Street, below Hevniub. BIO imrp WILLIAM T. HOPKINS. No. 1101 CHKSNUT Street. E. M. NEEDLES & CO. OFFER IN HOUSE-R!FMSK!NG DRY GOODS, ADAPTED TO THE SEASON, Summer Gaii7.e Blanket, ' ' iruit Oioiiis ami Doylies, Baili aud oilier Towels, Furniture Clilntnes and Dimities, Pillow aud hiii euu Wueus. loor aud liiair Liuens Houeycviuo, Allendale, AND OTHER LIGHT SPREADS, AT REDUCED PRICES. ! '189jib ...oinH-jmrt ion -on JOHN CRUMP, , OAltPKNTER AND BUILDER.' SlilOrSl xi, I.ou.fciE STREET, AMD NO. 178 tUWM I STREET, ' i PiriLADKLPHIA. QEORCE PLOWMAN, CAllPKNTEIt AND IiUlXDER. lM:3IOVEI) To No, J30CIC Htroot, riULAJJ'J.PIIIA
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers