6 ECCLESIASTICAL SYMBOLISM. Jttfim Temple Bar. -" Nothirjg eccIwUstlcal Is without ' design, "and nothing Las grown )y tliance. Rites, ceremonies, garments, colors, Bhajmfl, all are BjnibolB having Bubtle allusions and refereiuies known clearly to th Initiated; and what 8emB to ns only a fitting ornament or a senso leBB pageantry, according as our proclivities are towards the pomp of ritnallsm or the sim plicity of nonconformity, to those who have the key is a sacred secret full of grave inten tion, as Betting forth a precious truth, or sym bolizing a divine attribute. It will not do us any harm to remember this when criticising things ecclesiastical; for though we may not go with the pymbolizers, and though we may hold that the time for all this has passed, yet it will kp ns from an ignorant contempt, of all states of mind the most dangerous aud the most inimical to true progress. To begin with what Is generally the begin ning of all things human dress: the gar ments of the priest (I am speaking now of the Catholic priests), have each a certain meaning Vtides that original one of clothing the human body decently; as the alb of the aoolyte, that long white linen robe girded round the waist, and falling nearly to tlie feet, with which we are familiar in the younger Romanist priests, and which we in our church have discarded for the surplice. That alb, the first garment of initiation, is meant to symbolize and remind the wearer of the modesty and purity which ought to be the first essentials of the priestly character; the first victories gained over the old Adam, and the initial investiture of the holy life. Again, the chasuble, that short embroidered cape which officiating Catholic priests wear, was onoe a long llowiug garment made like a poucho, with a hole in the middle, and falling quite to the ground, but lifted up by attendant priests to prevent the wearer's foet from be coming entangled, which is the reason, and not to show oil the embioidery, as one might Lnogine, why the attendant priests 6tlU, hold it out at the edges, though the length has been curtailed to the dimensions of a lady's tippet. Well, the chasula, or casula, this "little house," was originally meant to indicate the wide extent of charity by its extreme broadth, for charity, like the casula, should be as a house or cover, and protect all human naked ness and shame. The chasuble is white at Easter time, because the angels appeared in white; and red at Pentecost, because of the tongues, which were of red lire, sitting ou each man's head. But the main idea is done away with now iu the curtailment of the garment, and the chasuble is only a mutilated symbol doing duty for an ornament, l'oor l'ugin, himself such an ' earnest and thorongh-going symbolist, was much tor mented by the unfitness of thing3 in modern ecclesiasticism, both in his own church aud in ours ; and lamented the impossibility of bring ing over Catholics to the perfectness of medi aeval times. " But, after all, what's the use of decent vestments with such priests as we have got?" he says in a pet, " A lot of blessed fellows ! Why, sir, when they wear my chasubles they don't look like priests, and what's worse, the chasubles don't look like chasubles." Then what is the dalmatic the deacon's robe of white with purple stripes, with the right sleeve pluin and very full, but the left fringed or.tasselled: the robe still worn by our sovereigns at their coronation, and which has its name from Dalmatia but the image of bountifulness towards the poor? It is the robe given to deacons and sub-deacons, becausa they were chosen by the Apostles to serve the tables; and a denoon should have a dalmatic with broader sleeves than a sub deacon, because he should have a larger generosity; while a bishop should have one with sleeves much broader and wider than the deacon's, hecause'of the same reason in an ascending ratio. A dalmatic signifies an im maculate life as well as hospitality, and it has two stripes before and behind to show that a bishop should exeroise his charity to all, both in prosperity and adversity. The transverse line, w hich forms a cros3 behind, is of course iu allusion to the cross which the Great Bishop of our souls bore when on Lis way to Calvary. The gloves worn by a bishop mean that his hands should be cleau and free from all suspicion of impurity; and the episcopal ring is the weddiug riug which marries him to the church, euillmu:itic of the sacrament of faith by which Christ pledges himself to his bride. It is of gold, and round, to signify perfection, and its jewels show forth. the splendor of the spiri tual gms, wnicn it is to be supposed were received at the episcopal consecration. All this is catholic, not protestant. Hie Tope's tiara, with its three crowns, i a composite emblem, meaning, as the ground worK, me original mitre ol linen, which, in its turn, signifies purity and chastity, while tue urst Dana 01 goia denotes tiie supremacy - of the Pope over all other mitred Bishops; the second, added by Boniface V III, means the prerogative of the spiritual and temporal power combined in the Papacy; and the third, added by Urban V, has reference to the sacred Trinity, to which so much in the Church has reference. The amice is a white linen cloth w;rn on the head, with an apparel or moveable strip of embroidery round the brow, like a philactery, of which no trace remains in our own vestry (amicia was a cap made of goal's or lamb's Bkin; the chrisome is the linen cloth flung over the newly-baptized, and signifying innocen t in old-time witchcrafts, one of the most im portant articles in the witches' refectory; the stole is the colored silk scarf worn round the week, denoting the yoke of Christ, and the cord that bound him ; aud the cape is, or was originally, a cloak with a hood or cappa, made to protect the wearer against wind and rain, and sometimes called a pluviale. Thus it will I seen that in all the garments, which seem to ns just so much senseless ecclesiastical millinery, is a rational meaning and intention nseful in its day ; and that w hen we think tursBlvs wise in scoffin,i. we only show ourselves unlearned aud without uuder Btanding. There is a rery common error respecting the cro7.ier, which has now become too deeply Tooted to be eradicated. The crozior, properly eo called, is the archbishop's staff, terminated by a floriated cross, and not that curved bracken-like head of the bishop's crook, which we generally call acrozier. A bishop's staff and an abbot's was the same in form; but, while tho bishop turut his crook outwards to denote his wider authority, an abbot carries his turned inwards, to how that his jurisdiction extends over his own house only; also he covers his with a veil hanging from the knob, whnn welking with a bishop, to show that his au- : tLority is hidden while in the presence of his euperior. In the Church itself, everything is a symbol .-every form, every figure, every appliance, every circumstance nothing is without mean ing; though whether that meaning is well xp'ress4 la another matter. Thus, the lap. THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAM. PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, tismsl font it, or always nbould be, octagonal; the octagon hotng the figure of It-peneration, "because," says Duraudus, Vthe old creation ended in seven days, wherefore the next num ber may b taken as symbolical of the new," There is no example of a seven-sided font any where in churches which understand thedr own laws, seven in the language of ecclesi astical symbolism meaning perteption, whtyh baptism is not. The pisclculi, or little fishoa so often found sculptured on the sides, are meant to represent young Christians, in allu sion to the monogram of Ichthys, by which the early tireek believers expressed the naine or title of the Saviour (Iesous Christina Theou Uios Koter; Jesus Christ the Son of God, the Saviour). This afterwards came to be a fish simply; and thus a fish became a sacred symbol hi the Christian Church, asiit had already been in the Olympian Pantheon. A salamander on a font signifies the baptism of both fire and water au example ot which may be seen at Bi i.iekirk. The trefoil and the triangleare alike emblems of the Holy Trinity; a quatrefoil sets forth tho four Kvangelists also is it the proper figure in which to represent the four Kvangelists w ith our Lord in the centre; or the five wounds are to be so cniblemized, the centre standing for the heart; while tho cinqucfoil represents more especially the mysteries of the llosary, which are live everywhere live iovfnl. live dolorous, and five glorious. The 'live joyful are, 1. The Annunciation; 2. Tho Saluta tion; 3. The Birth at Bethlehem: 4. The ioraiion of the TV so Men: !. The Pre- livo The sentfttion in the Temple. Tho dolorous arc, 1. The Afonv' 2. 1'laccllatlon; 3. Tho Crown of Thorns; 4. llie Leaimcof the Cross- fi. TIia C'l-nninvinn And the five trlorioiia are. 1. Tim Resurrection! Tho .'is-, ension; X The Descent of the II.ilv Spirit; 4. The Assumption of the Blessed Vir gin; i), I he Coronation of our Lady. The strinjj of beads, by which the faithful tell their prayers is called a rosary, perhaps from the practice of carving roses on the larger beads coming between the smaller; and the whole of the mysteries are sometimes ' repre sented in one large rose. In some curiously wrought rosaries, tbo small beads are earved with roses and bird J, while the large beads are three-sided on every side 'one of the mysteries cut in a trefoil. A hexagon signilies the attributes of God blensing, honor, glory, power, wisdom, majesty; and a eeptfoil h used for a representa tion of the gilts of the Holy Spirit, which are seven-fold lor the seven sacraments of the Church, and for the creation of the world; and for nil other things of which seven is the natu ral figure. A circle means eternity; hence it is used for the adoration of the Lamb, or the rotation of the seasons subjects often found in the great wheel-windows of pointed churches, sometimes also called marigold windows the flower of many foils or leaves. and sometimes Catherine windows, the wheel emblemizing that saint. 1 In numbers, as in geometrical figures, the symbolist finds rich occasion for secret repre sentation. Thus, one represents the Unity of Deity; two, the human and divine attributes of our Lord; three, the Holy Trinity; four, the Evangelists; five, the five wounds; six, the attributes of God; seven, the Beven-fold graces of the Holy Spirit; eight. Regeneration; of nine, ten, and eleven I have found no ex planation, they are not, it seems, ecclesiasti cal numbers; but twelve shows forth the Apostles and the whole Church proceed ing. Again, the Holy Trinity is sym bolized by the navo and two aisles of Saxon churches; also by the triple division into nave, chancel, and sanctum sanctorum, into which the length of a church is parted; also in the triple order of moulding, and the altar steps, which are generally three, or a multiple of three, lhe great western door is taken ,to mean Christ the door by which all enter into the Holy of Holies; the serpent handle, so common to old churches, is an allusion to the text, "They shall lay their hands Upon serpents;" and the two lights usually placed over it are typical of his double nature, tho human and Divine. Sometimes there are western triplets instead of double ones, which mean the more comprehensive Triad. The whole church has its own special meaning, botli in ground plan and in super structure. In original idea a church was meant to shadow forth a ship the ark that is to save us from the stormy world and tho deluge of sin and wrath. Indeed, this idea was so dominant that in the Church of SS. Vincenzoe Anastatio atRome,nearS. Paoloalle Tie 1' ontane, built by Honorius I, A. D. C30, the walls are carved like the ribs of a ship. But if the original idea of a church was that of a snip, or -ark, its disposition was that ot the cross the most icomplex cathedral resolving itself into the form of a cross when seen from a height, or when tho ground plan is traced on paper. Indeed, in early churches a cross was marked on the pavement, tho upper part coming into the chancel, the arms going into the transepts, and the body lengthening down the nave. But this was given up after the anathema pronounced by the second (Ecumenical Coun cil on all who should tread on the holy sym bol. England has fewer cross churches than any other country, the number being only as one to ten; but still the ship or ark, and the cross, remain as the original idea of all Chris tian churches in early days. There is yet more symbolism of parts. The first enclosure is the churchyard, answering to mo iiguuAiunui me ueniiien, a plot or outer court surrounded by a wall to intimate the separation of the church from the world. but coming into no privileges. The north sido ot the churchyard is in some countries appro. pnated to those commanded to be buried out ot sanctuary such as suicides, the unbaptized. and the excommunicates. (In some localities in Devonshire, a particular part of the church yard is devoted to the unbaptized, and called the chrisomer. It will be remembered that chrisome is the name or the linen cloth flung over the face of the newly baptized.) Within this outer court, but still without the nroner Banctuary or church, stands the baptistery the building enclosing the font where regene ration is to bo had, Then comes tho sacred building itself, extending trom west to east in jengvn greater man m ureuiun, ana enajii at the east end in a circle. We have cut oil" this circle now, but do we not all remember it in foreign churches, immediately behind tho high altar ? The entrance is to the west,, the face always pointing eastward for the true orientation of a church is one of its primal necessities; the narthex or porch is lor penitents and catechumens, not commum cants, but joining in the services as learners rather than participators; the nave or body is tor "perfect Christians." communicants and admitted into all the privileges; and the eanctuary or chancel is for the clergy; and each pai t is separated from the other by a screen. Of these Bcreens tho . rood-screen, dividing the chancel from the nave, is the most important and emblematic, and full of recondite teaching. ! "The images of saints and martyrs," sayi Durandufl, in Neale's and Webb's translation, "appear on tho lower panelling aa examples of iaith and patience to us. The colors of the cud-screen ittsoU' represent their pasaioa lad. .victory the crimson .set forth the one, th gold lufl other. The curious tracery of net work typifies the obsenre manner in which heavenly things are Bet forth while we look at them from the church militant. And foras much as the blessed martyg passed from thia world to the next through Sore torments, the moujdincs of the chancel arch represent the various kinds of Bufferings through which they went. Faith was their support and must be ours; and faith is Bet forth either in the abstract by the limiet moulding on tho chancel arch, or on the screen by the Creed in gilt letters, or is represented by some notable action of which it is the source: bo in Give, Somersetshire, the destruction of a dragon runs along not only tne roou-Bcrecn but the north parctose also. That the power of evil spirits maybe exorcised against us till wo have left this world, but not after, horrible forms are some times sculptured ou the west side of the chancel arch. This explains why the chancel is more highly ornamented than the nave. It is the west or nave side, not the chancel or east side, which invariably has the greatest share of ornamentation." If the western door symbolizes Christ, the east portico symbolizes the Father, while the two side doors mean the Son and the Holy Spirit. The seats round the chancel mean the souls of the faithful ; the Trinity in Unity is typified by the moulding thrown across the three lights ; sometimes a quatrefoiled or cin qucfoiled circle, placed at some little distance above the triplet, .typifies the crown of the King of Kings. The single lights, north and south of the Norman aud early English churches, set forth the apostles Mid doctors w ho have been in their time shining lights in the Church, aud the rich pattern of llower-woik adorning them means their gifts and graces ; where the side-lights are in coup lets, two and two, and are six on a side, they mean the apostles sent out in pairs to preach the gospel to mankind. The corona, used in Greek churches and now so extensively in our ow n, means the Holy Trinity when it bears three lights, the seven gifts of the Spirit when it has seven, and the apostles and Christ w hen it has twelve all round aud one in the centre. Again, some liken a church to the human body, of which the chancel is the head, the transept the arms, and the nave the rest of the body. The sanctuary represents the vowed virgins, male and female ; the chancel, the pure in life ; the nave, the honestly mar ried ; the four walls are the four evangelists ; and the building has length, which is forti tude ; breadth, which is charity ; and height, which is courage. The foundation is faith ; the pavement, humility ; the roof, charity, to cover and protect all ; the four sides are the four cardinal virtues justice, fortitude, tem perance, and prudence ; the windows are hos pitality with cheerfulness, and tenderness with charity ; the chapels clustered round the main altar represent the communion of saints. The crypts stand for hermits, holiness buried m secresy and silence ; the exedra in apsis, th,e lay portion of the faithful joined to Christ, and the Church ; the open court is Christ, free to all comers ; the towers are preachers and prelates, and the pinnacles are the life and mind of prelates aspiring heaven ward ; the cock on the spire signifies watchful ness, calling the sinful to awake it may also have an allusion to Peter, and how false courage, trusting in itself, betrayed him to cowardice and denial; the iron rod placed above the cross on the summit of the church is the Holy Scriptures consummated non symbolically it is a lightning-conductor in all probability; the glass windows are the Holy Scriptures which expel the wind and rain, that is, all things hurtful, while they transmit the light of the sun to the faithful; the lattice work is the prophets, or other obscure teachers of the church militant; the two side-shafts are the two precepts of charity, or the sending out of the apostles, two and two; the piers are bishops and docters; the bases of the columns are the apostolic fathers who support the whole fabric of the church; the capitals are the opinions of the bishops and doctors; and the ornaments are the words of Holy Scripture. The stalls means contemplation, the pavement is the multitude sustaining the church, and the beams are praises and preachers. Victory over the devil is symbolized, as at St. Peter's, Oxford, where the piers rest on and crush a monster ; and the hideous torms ot the gar goyles are evil spirits flying from the holy walls. The power ot the evil spirits is set forth in the terrible figures sometimes sculp tured on the west side of the chancel arch ; the straightness of the way of life is shown in the narrowness of the Norman arches ; aud the final separation of the Church triumphant from all defilement, is figured in the great doom, painted in fresco over the rood-screen. The stalls are generally crowaea wuu sym bolic ornament, much of which refers to the quarrels between the regular and secular clergy, always rue in me .aiuoiiomucu. fox preaching to geese ; a cowled double-face ; a fox hung by a goose, and two cubs yelping at the foot of thegallows ; an ape praying, with au owl perched over his head ; a moiiKey uumuiS a halbert ; a fox w ith" a mitre and staff ; a young fox in chains, a bag of money in his right paw, and cranes ana geese ou "j These are a few of the more easily recognized symbols. But others on the subselhe seem to intimate that the vices to which they refer are thus put down under the holy men who sai there put under and sat upon, a we would say m the irreverent. language "-y Thus an ape is ho unfreqnent figure on the subselhe, and an ape is the emblem ot unlawful passion (wheu David looks atBath sheba in the illuminations to the Penitential Psalms, au ape chained to a tree is introduced, with a meaning quite well known to the cowled artist) ; a goat has the same significa tion ; a boar means sensuauiy aim iciwV , an owl is darkness and solitude; a dragou is pestilence or the devil; a bat is a man ot quick and secret execution ; a fox is cunning, deceit, and rapacity ; and a peacock ii semi- glory in early tunes it was mo tion, with what aptness of natural symbolism it is rather hard now to say. The pelican is Christ shedding his blood for all mankind, and the Passion is further symbolized by a heart, with five wounds, dropping blood into a chalice; a raven is God's Providence so are a hen find chickens; the ox is the priesthood; the ermine is purity, and the fish chastity; the lion is royal power, magnanimity, strength, courage, and dominion; the eagle under the lectern is an allusion to St. John. The later meaning of the dove we all know as typifying the Holy Ghost, but earlier doves symbolized the souls of those who had died for the truth. The twelve Apostles are often figured as twelve dovM. nnd ih AtK-.oiiuion is emblem- zed by a flying bird martyrs, also, by birds let loose; while' lions, ticers. oxen, horses, Btrance fishes, trriffins. and all monsters what Boever, are the fearful r- -rdoina to which God's servants are expo 1 the powers of me r.vu une thus repreb.. . ,i. Au extended hand is God's care upholding the faithful; the phrenix is the Resurrection: our Lord seated in the rainbow th iudement The bee meana regal power ; the cock, watch fulness; the dolphin, love and society; and the dog is fidelity. The monuments of mar ried women have often a dog sculptured at their feet to show that they were faithful wires., Bat none of the ciora pious ecabkuiS are ever seen on the Bubscliio oi in siaus in churches where ecclesiastical symbolism wa still a fact only the first or evil emblems. Of flowers, the ivy means eternal lire; fhe lily, sacred to the Virgin and all holy Buints and martyrs, means purity and chastity; the olive is peace and concord; the oak is virtue and streuth; the herb-Bonnet St. Benedict's lierb is a frequent ornament for crockets and (minis, its finely draped leaf rendering it spe cially apt for an enclosing foliage; a pahn branch is the sign of the Christian's vict6ry in martyrdom; the euchariBtio symbols ; of grapes and wheat-ears need no comment; while the rose and royal pomegranate are also too well known to need explanation aa eccle siastical symbols. i ; Then for colors: white, as also silver, means innocence and purity, the greatest virtue in culcated in the early Church, and with this virtue that also of charity; black is for counsel, antiquity, and mourning; blue is piety and sincerity, divine contemplation aud godliness of conversation: being the color of the heavens it is attributed to the holiest persons, which was the reason why the Jewish High Priest wore it, and why Our Lady wears it; gold is purity, dignity, wisdom, and glory of a higher quality of spiritual merit than even the chaste and stainless silver; green is the bountifulness of God, mirth, youth, and gladness a green field is a symbol of tho Resurrection, and red is divine charity and love, also martyrdom. In monumental symbolism the early priests bad a lion under their feet, as significant of how they trampled down the stromr powers of the world and the evil powers of Bin; a distaff means the mother or a family; a naked body, deep humility, whether partially shrouded or emaciated; the crossed legs signify the accomplishment ot the vow of pilgrimage to the Holy Land; angels liearing a child mean the new-born soul ascending to heaven; churches, etc., in the hand denote founders and builders; a body finely clothed in the upper part and lying under a gorgeous canopy, but terminating in a worm-eaten skeleton, shows the vanity of riches and the pitiful end of all human glory; a chalice shows a priest so does a ring bo does the hand raised in benediction over a cup; but the first two fingers raised, and the third and fourth dropped, denote a bishop. Pennant, in his "Notes on Lichfield Cathe dral," quoted by Poole, Bays: "I have a singular drawing oi a tomb, and cast ot a knight, naked to his waist, his legs and thighs armed, and at his feet and head a stag's horn; his hair long and dishevelled; a scroll in his hands, as if he was reading a confes sion or act of contrition; across his middle, on his basnet, is his coat of arms, which show him to have been a Stanley. He i3 called Captain Stanley, and is said to have been ex communicated, but to have received funeral rites in holy ground, having shown signs of repentance, on condition that his monument should bear these marks of disgrace. I find a Sir Humphrey Stanley, of Pipe, who died in the reign of Henry VII, who had. a squabble with the chapter about carrying the water through his lands to the close. He also de frauded the prebendary of Stotford of his tithes; so, probably, this might be the gentle man who incurred the censure of the Church for his impiety." It was not likely that poor Sir Humphrey would ever have his name inscribed on the diptych from which the names of the faithful dead which were read by the deacon with a loud voice after the consecration of the host Bishops unjustly condemned had their names inscribed on the diptych by way of reparation but bold, high-handed, self-willed Cap tain Stanley was surely not of the number. And naming the host brings us to the small fact that the wafer, before consecration, is called altar-bread, or singing-bread; and that the altar-cloth covering the elements is tho corpo ra le, as covering the body. lhen there are various meanings connected with crosses, of which, by-the-way, there are many kinds. The altar cross, the processional cross, the rood cross, the reliquary cross, the onsecration, and the pectoral cross. The pec toral cross was oftentimes of great service in the lives of holy men. St. Gregory of Tours once extinguished a fire by simply drawing forth his pectoral cross, in which were relics of the Blessed Virgin, of the Apostles, and of St. Martin. The four extremities ot the cross represent the four quarters of the globe in which the doctrine of Christ is preached; the four pieces of wood of which ..it is made, namely, the upright piece, the cross piece, and the two supplemental pieces under the feet and title, represent each a deep mystery. So do tho four nails. The spear is charity, and the crown of thorns penance. As the end of the cross is glory, so at the end of most in figures is added the word "Alleluia." Wheu placed on the altar it is between two lights, to show Christ as the Mediator between jew ana Gentile; and the spire-cross is surmounted by a weathercook, to intimate the watchfulness and vigilance needed by the Church. In the representations or angels they are mostly robed in white, and "discalceate," or without sandals, to show that they are not of earth; they are winged with golden feathers, and they wear jewelled apparels; sapphires, meaning divine contemplation; rubies, divine love; crystals, purity; and emeralds, unfading youth. i They bear l. naming sworus, as ministers of the wrath of God; 2. Trumpets, as being the voices of God; 3. Sceptres, as executors of the power of God; 4. Thuribles or censers, carry ing up the prayers of saints to God thuri bles or censers symbolize the prayers of tho faithful; 5. Instruments of music, as harps, organs, etc., as intimating the felicity which they enjoy, and the happi ness to which they invite the soul. These are the meanings with which thevdd painters surrounded their angels, l'atnarchs and pro phets of the oldeu times are represented as carrying scrolls of parchment, rolled up, and with their heads covered by hoods, in sign that before the advent of Christ the doctrine of (iod's grace was involved in obscurity and undeveloped, the Scriptures as yet a sealed book and a folded parchment. And of indi vidual sahits and angels, ct. Michael bears a pair of scales, and a rod tipped with a cross . ... i ni . i i . Hory at tue upper euu. ine arcnuugeis nave crosses or coronets on ineir ioreneaus, o biiow that they have warred against the devil. St. Gabriel has a sceptre or royal wand; ht. Raphael, a fish; St. Catherine, her wheel; St. Cs-eilia, her organ, etc.; while to almost all saints is given the lily, and to all martys the palm. The Blessed Virgin is generally seen with a pot of lilies, bearing the label "Ave Maria, grati.e plena" round about; or - with a ileur de lis; or with a white Tose "rayonnce," or "en soliel," as tho heraldists say;or with a tower, further state and title of Turris Davidua, or Turris lilmr nea; or with a gate for Fmderis Area; or with a Judgment Beat for Sedes Sapiential; or with a golden house for Domus Aurea; or with a star for Stella Matutina. She also wears a star on her left shoulder, and a circlet or crown' of Btars round her head; and her cope or mantel is nowdered with Btars. Under her feet is the new moon or dragon, in allusion to Revelations "or Genesis. She has also the mystical "vesica piscis," or almond, as her kvmbol. this niimifvinK virginity and Belf- production, aad having bp reference to arks APRIL 23, 18G7. or flabes, as many suppose. The almond flowering in a flower-pot, the lid terminating in a cross or crucifix, is one of the most gene ral accompaniments of the Annunciation. always such a favorite subject with Romanist artists. Again quoting from Mason Neale's and Webb's translation of Durandus, I will give a grand bit oi general symbolism, which n fan ciful is eloquent, and, perhaps, not wholly untrue: In England, from the time that Edward VI directed the execution of Archbishop Scrope, when the State interfered, it was with a strong arm, cramping and confining, obliging the Church to confine herself to ritual observances, and forbidding her to ex patiate on the grand objects for which Bhe was ordained. Now would there he a more fitting expression of this than in the Perpendicular style? Does not its stillness, its failure in harmony, its want of power and adaptation, its continual introduction of heraldry, its monotony, its breaking up by hard continued lines, its shallowness, its meretriciousnoss, its display, set forth what we know to have iwen the character or the contemporary Church. Above all, do not the reintroduc tion of horizontally, the Tudor arch, the depressed pier, speak of the want of spiritu ality r it bo in the Anglican, the Uallican was worse oil. ine Ptate gradually interfered with it, embraced it with its dangerous friend ship, made its observances meaningless while sustaining their ppienaor; secularized its abbeys, by appropriating them to political ends; made statesmen of its bishops; gave it outside show while eating out its heart. Does not Flamboyant express this ? A vast collee,. tion of elegant forms, meaninglessly strung together; richness of ornament, actually weakening construction, vagaries of tracery, as if the hand possessed of church art were suddenly deprived of church feelings; nothing plain, simple, intelligible, holy; parts neglected, parts ostentatious; tho west trout of Abbeville to a choir that would disgrace a hamlet. In Spain again, where Christianity unfolded itself later, so also was church art later in its de velopment. San Miguel, at Seville, which was actually built in 100, would in hng land be set down to the date of 1180. In Italy, when there was no State to in terfere with the Church, paganism, which had always been more or less at work, sprung up at once at the time of the great schism, and has ever since prevailed. In England, the symbolism which lingered longest was that of the chancel and the nave, Nor was this destroyed summarily; the im portance of the chancel had been gradually, all through the l'erpendicnlar era. weakened by chancel, aisles, and the omission of the chancel arch; it was but to omit the rood-screen and parclose, and the mystical division vanished, as at Uawkshead, 151)4. " I have put this article together from various books treating of the subject, offering it for what it is worth, aa an explanation to some, and a collection of details interesting to some, but by no means as an incentive to the worship of Symbolism to any. The time for all these dark allusions and hidden secrets has, happily, gone by, never to return; and with the destruction of the rood-screen has gone, surely forever, that mystical separation of the clergy from the laity which gave the former such an awful power over the souls of the people, which bound the conscience of the world in helpless darkness at their feet. The full and free participation of the laity in all the knowledge, if not in the offices, of the clergy, has been the real cause of the destruction of tho rood-screen. We have no need of queer monsters on the subselhe of our stalls to remind us that we are to put fraud, deceit, lying, and impurity far below us. Education and a free press, unchecked speech and unfettered thought, have done more for us than the obscure symbols of church archi tecture and ornamentation; and it is well that each man should feel that on himself lies the buiden of his own well doing, and that, hence forth, no priest can make or unmake the law by which a sinner's soul is to be saved, or an evil life purified and made acceptable to the Highest. The Romish priesthood had its work to do in the world, and it did it, in spite of some shortcomings inseparable from human action, well, faithfully, and truly. It was the great guardian of holy secrets, and it kept them faithfully; the ruler and guide of men's minds, and it ruled them well; but now is there no need of those great class and official separations; and the rood-screen is abolished, as the veil of the Temple was formerly rent. Ecclesiastical symbolism, like so much else in life, is of the past; let it gather its shroud de cently about its shoulders, and die with the grace of a thing knowing its last hour to have come. PAPER HANGINGS, SHADES, ETC EW SPRING STYLES Philadelphia Wall Papers! ! HOWELL & BOURKE, X. V. . Comer F01RT1I and MAKKET, MANUFACTURERS OF PAPER HANGINGS AND lS19 3mrp MATERIALS. CURTAIN AWNINGS, ETC. WNINGSI AWNINQSI IMILDEW-PROOF AWNINGS. W. F. SUEIBLE, No. 49 South THIRD Street, AND No. 31 South SIXTH Street' Manufacturer of MILDEW-PROOF AWN. IKGS, VERANDAHS, FLAGS, BAGS, TENTS, and WAGON COVERS, Btencll Cutting and CanvftPrlntlng. 273mrp BARLOW'S lvblCO BLUE. ' PCT IIP AT lLTBEKGER'S DRUG STORE, KO, lat KOBTII SECOND SIBEET,' ruiLADELrniA, Will color mora water than (our time th itmi ninouut of ordinary ludtgo. ; it is Warranted to give satisfaction. It la retailed at tha lata price M the Imitation and Jnforlwr article, tlfun NEW PUBLICATIONS. pitANG'S SUrERD CliKOMlM ir,iTAl. TO II PAIKTIHO. Oonnfetln nf tha ftronn oi Qnftlll. Ultla Chlcfcn", Jun k iiua's. Victory, W InU-r Crowned W ren, Kmr Wren, M mtift Niit-Crnrkern, the A Wnkpnlnir. th Miitern, Atuerlrnn Uem LundiiH, )A klnda: ttcrlp lure Texm. Moiu.ra. ir.: Allium find HuihIhv School C urd. Hen und Nor.d Moiimw, Biilterlllf ". Anlumn 1 enves, Uosee, etc ctu. A iplendld atworluient lot by Dealer In Albums, Fhotographi, Pictures. And AUnuluclurer of Frame or all itylea, 1181m SO. sOA IHKMBiUT NTREETi All the New Book on hand a soon aa tunnel. ""HMVE O'CLOCK IN TIIE MORNING." JL ClllMtMl MO.L8, CHATU.KH U. JAIIVIS. A new Juvenile Music Honk, containing a beautiful arrangement ot l'nrepa'a litvnrlie bnHad, with a large ollecilon of ol hern equally beHiitllul, lor schools anil the norlal circle. Trice, f0 cents. In paper, or (to renin bound. For sale at the M nlo slora. Jnit pub llnhd by bOW EH, 11AHNWS & POT It, jt 2tulb6t Ho. 117 N. TH1IU) Wtreet. HOOP SKIRTS. INVISIBLE. EMPRESS INVISIBLE TRAIL SKIRT. THE NEW MUAFE TO IS. SPRING, 1867, IX J. W. Bradley's Duplex Elliptic (OR DOUBLE SI'RING) S K I R T S . The handsomest and most eomjoriable style yet Introduced. (See all theathion magazine.) Atltctailby all first-class stores where BklrU are sold At Wtolesale by all the leading Notion and Dry Good Houses in this city. Also by sole owners f patent and exclusive manufacturers WESTS, BRADLEY & CARY, No. 07 CHAMBERS St.' 82stntb2m NEW YORK. QO HOOP SKIRT?. !OQ OO LATEST BTYI.K, JUST OUT. LK PETIT THAI!., for the Promenade, 2 yardj round, the CHAMPION TRAIL, for lhe Drawing, room. 8 yards round. These bklru are In every way the moat desirable: that we have heretofore oflVrud to the public; also, complete lines of Ladles', M lanes' , and Children's Plain and Trail Hoop Hklrta from 2,' to 4 yards In cU cumlerence, of every lenittb, all of "our own make,'' wholesale and retail, and warranted to give satlalao tion. Constantly on band low-priced New York made Bklrla. Plain and Trull, 2u springs, W cents; 26 springs, 1: 80 springs, tl'10; aud lu springs. UTS. Bklrla made to order, altered, aud repaired. Call or send for Circular of style, sizes, and price . Uanuiactory and feulesrooms, No. U8 AKl'il Street 12 8 m WILLIAM T. HOPE INS. LEGAL NOTICES. "IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS FOR X T11JS CITY AND COUNTY OF PHILADEL PHIA. ASSIGNED ESTATE OF WARREN F. FERGUSON. The Auditor appointed by the Court to audit, settle, end adjust the account or THOMAS HKEKN BANK, Asslgut-e of the Estate ol WARREN J?, EEliUCfcON, and to report distribution of the ualanoa in the bands of the Accouulaut, will meet the par ties lnterexted for the purposes of his aupolutmeut, n MONDAY, April 211, 1KW7. at bnlf-pHst 8 o'clock P. 11., at bis oflice. No. 32 bouth THIRD Street, lu tha city of Philadelphia. K, H. T1IAKP, 4 8 thstnrq Auditor. TK THE ORPHANS' COURT FOR THE CITY X AND COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA EbTATK OF JAMEMO. WORRELL, deceased. ' The Auditor aipuiutf d by the Court to audit, settle and adjust tbe account ot EMILY 8. WORRELL, Administratrix, o. t. a., of the Estate of JAMK3 0. WORRELL, deceased, and to report distribution of the balance In the hands of the accountant, will meet the parties Interested for the purpose of his ap pointment on THURSDAY, tbe '2d day of May, 187, at 4 o'clock P. M., at No. tati. FIFTH street, in the city of Philadelphia. AUOd liRIUOH, 4 17 thstusf Auditor. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS FOR THE CITY AN DCOUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA! AKN A L UARHHAW by her next friend, etc.. vs. tSAMUEL HARSH AW. ' December Term, ISM. No, Hi. In Divorce. To bamuel h arshaw, Respondent. Take uotlce of a Rule in the above case returnable SATURDAY, April 27, 1KG7, at lu o'clock A. M., to show cause wiiy a divorce a vinculo matrimonii should not be decreed. RICHARD LUDLOW, 4 19 4t Attorney fur Libellant. HARDWARE, CUTLERY, ETC. CUTLERY. A fine amortroent of POCKET and TABLE CUTLERY, RAZORS.- RA ZOR Kl'ROPS. LADIES' bcissona PAl'itR AND TAILORS' BHEARS, ETC, at 1m V. Ji.ljaiOljil'B Cheap 8tore.No. 15 Bouth TENTH tstreet. 118 Three doors above Walnut. 1000 KEGS N AIL S AT DEDUCED PBICES. Baldwins' Butts, All size. ' Butchers' Plane Irons and Chisels. Rowland fc Ames' Shovels and Spades. Eenrick's and American Pulleys and screws. Table Knives, and Forks and Spoons, Champion Clothes-Wringers. Planes, Wood and Iron Rakes, etc FOR BALE CHEAP, BY mNDBBIUGE, MA KB tic CO 7thstu5 HO. 13l JIABKETKTBEET. XP Xj o it i s rv Preserver of Natural Flowers, A. H. POWELL, Ko. 725 ARCH Street, Below Eiehti. BouquetsWreaths, Baskets, Pyramids ol Cut Flovr ers furnisher) to order at all seaton. 1 2 tf HE NOVELTY. THIN KFI.ENDID CtOTHES-WBINOEB HAS FOUR COG-WHEELS, two on each end, and U In reality the ONLY RELIABLE ONE ever made. Don't buy before seeing Ihla. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. MAOpERRAN, , ,' bOLK AGENT, itlwrpl 0.7ItiJISl'TinEliXi
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