LITERATURE. Xn TIiitobt or Usttbt from thh Earliest Phriod to tub PhKHFNT Tim. By J. B. 0. Murray. Philadelphia: J. B. liippiucott & Co. r To call the work before us the "History of Usury" Is almost a misnomer. It partakes of the double Character of a sketch of the growth Cf that "penal offense," and an elaborate de fense of the propriety of allowing its cxerclBe. From the opening page to the extremely compre hensive and useful index, tho whole aim of the Author Is to (usllly what ancient laws and popu lar opinion still pronounce an extortion. We would not be misunderstood on this point. Mr. Murray takes the pains to pve us a clear defini tion of both interest and usury. To give , his own words: "Usury Is defined by Sir Edward Coke as contract upon a loan of money, or giving days for forbearing money, debt, or duty, by way of loan, che rlsance, sales of wares, or any other things whatever;' and maybe stated In other words to mean the letting outor lending .of ono's property of any kind to others, and taking or contracting for an exorbitant return. Interest, on the other hand, Is differently and ,well defined as 'a certain, fair, and legal profit, which the lender Is to have lor the use of the thing loaned.' Thus Interest and usury are entirely different." But after having thus given us the clearest posHiblo declaration that while one Is an extor tion tho other Is a lawful pain, the writer pro ceeds to defend both with equal vigor, and, what is more remarkable, uses the words throughout lis entire work as though they were synony mous. Thus on page 17 we find: "But evcn3 if it whs as tho writers first alluded to have con tended, it may be urged that though the Jews were thus enjoined from taking usury from their "brethren, yet they were expressly permitted to take it from a stranger. And then we have an Inconsistency not easy reconciled; for If the, taking of Interest was malum in se, it could not nave boon permitted under any circumstances . whatever, and we are therefore left to inter that the taking of usury was not contrary to that . moral precept or natural law which existed be fore and survived tho legislation of Mosesi ' terms, hore so apparent, is preserved throughout the entire work. We are at a loss to understand whether it was really Mr. Murray's design to " Trrite a defense of usury (and we use the word -with ' his own definition), or whether he has fallen into the error of the old writers, with whom he is' familiar, and accidentally con founded what is universally recognized as law ful with what both humanity and justice alike protest against. Wha'evcr may have been his intention, his work, to an unprejudiced reader, appears to be a defense of the Jewish crime of extortion. Occasionally we find the author, in Ms ardent enthusiasm for his subject, make use of arguments which will hardly bear the test of logic Thus, speaking of the New Testament svoring usury, he says: "And it was ol them (the brokers of Jerusalem) our Saviour spoke in the parable of tho ten pieces cf silver. Now it la not ; likely that the Divine lawgiver would make a sinful practice the medium of instruc tion in His heavenly precepts." When It is called to mind that our Lord stated that "the Waster commended the unjust steward," in His parable under that title, and on numerous occa sions, spoke of the evil of this world, as an exam ple to give force to His precepts of truth, we think that the force of Mr. Murray's logic will be shaken. We would be doing pross injustice, however, did we leave the impression on our readers that the "History of Usury" is a work ot email value. Ti l. T .....nl. a.1 tmnA(4onn nana Ti'rtvL- rf IB III DU UJUVU icni impviMiuvv o tm nw.a v. reterence that we place it permanently within our reach upon our table. It Is a book to which wo expect to constantly refer. It covers ground heretofore unoccupied. It displays a vast amount of familiarity with, the Fathers, and the chapter devoted to a sketch of "Interest", In each' State ot our Union is of special value. That part which refers to Pennsylvania may not be familiar, and we quote it entire: In Pennsylvania, prior to November 1700, the rate of interest, limited by thejlrst Colonial Act, was eight per cent, but the act of that date reduced it to six per cent, and annexed a for feiture of the money, goods, or other things lent, for taking or receiving more. This act was . repoaled in February, 1705, and restored the former .rate of interest; but in March, 1723, it '--was re-enacted, since which time several amend atory acts have been naesed in 185ft-57-58-59.'and the existing law upon the subject of interest may be stated as follows: Interest is fixed at six per oent, and any excess is not receivable, but may be deducted trom the debt, and where excess is paid, it may be recovered back, provided the action for that purpose be brought within six months after the time of such payment; but negotiable taper in the hands of bona fide holders is not affected, and commission merchants and parties not residing in the Commonwealth, may contract to retain interest at seven percent, upon balances in their hands. Usury laws do not appiy to railroad and canal company bonds." As each State has a paragraph thus devoted to its laws', the general value of the work can be easily appreciated. It Is printed in clear good type by Lippincott, and bound la a style at once neat and serviceable. ' - j Miss Majoribanks, Jt Brothers. J. B, Philadelphia. . By Mrs. Oliphant. Harper Lippincott ii Co., agents for For the past eighteen months "Miss Majori banks" has been appearing as a serial in Blaak looooP Magazine. For the first nine months of its existence it was an Interesting t.tory. j A young girl, Lucllla, fresh from a boarding school, arrives at Carlingford, and flmting the society of Grange Lane in a state of chaos, de termines to reduce this wilderness to order, by making her drawing-room the nucleus around which all minor lights would cluster. Her social resolution is "to do away with these frightful morning calls," and reign queen of the upper tendom of her native village. The rest of the work is a careful narrative of how she suc ceeded; bow all difficulties were overcome; how the lemale dragons were conquered and all brought to her feet. The details of the work of triumph, are all told in a pleasant, gossipy Btyle, without any conversational display, Mrs. Oliphant doing all the talking lor her characters. However amusing twenty-five good size chap ters of auch it book might be, when it grows to fifty all interest has vanished, and the tale Is Insipid. There are no incidents in the work. Therejis nothing which might be possibly construed into the sensational. In fact, we doubt if the persona fit Carlingford were lite ordinary mortals, and THE DAILY EVEKIKG TGKM H. FD1 had sensations. After reading the March num ber of Blackwood, with its regular lnttal sent, we were at a low to detect, in the remote it dis tance, the faintest glimmer of a conclusion. It seemed as though the threads of tho talo, like the lines of the hyperbolo, were destined to con tinual approach but never meet Consequently when we saw the whole work suddenly pub lished by Harper, our first impression was that Mrs. Oliphant had followed in the footsteps of Mrs. Caklll, and unexpectedly departed for that bourne from which no traveller, returns. We are glad, however, to relievo any anxiety, and assure lhoso of our readers who have followed Lucllla through the magazine, that she was eventually "settled" without the tnelanoholy deceape of the authoress. . . ' ,: r To judge from the1 termination, it would ap pear that Mr. Ollphant, up to tho fiftleth'chapter, was firmly convinced of the Idea that hor work was still increasing in interest as well as bulk, j At that point some rude shock must have oc curred possibly the criticism of some periodical; probably an intimation from the publisher of Blackwood. The evidence of the severity of the discovery that her book had grown tedious was apparent The last three chapters contain events at once forced and condensed. What ten chapters would not have told two weeks ago, three now can. In a dis respectful haste Mr. Ashburton is elected M. P. from Carlinglbrd. Tom Majoribanks is sud denly brought hore from India, with a speed savoring of a modern Icarlus, and without the least previous intimation Lucilla aud he are married and go to the country. Will our lady readers believe it the authoress positively does rot give us a detail in regard to the wedding! We arc merely told that the ceremony was per formed and everybody sent presents. , Such absence of minute details Is inexcusable. Prom the tenor of the rest of the work we had bocn lead to believe that at least two full chapters would have been devoted to the bridal costume, And now not an incident, it is too provoking lor the ladies who have waded through the whole long story. The only consolation to be found is in a contemplation of what it must have cost Mrs. Oliphant to thus rn.util.Ue her work and destroy the symmetry by such confu sion. It is probable, however, to ludge from tho concluding paragraph, that we will hear from Lucilla again in her new home, and that all her powers will be again put forth in a more ex" tended field of labor. To sum up the whole, it is well written in the beginning, too prolix in the middle, and too contracted at tho close. If the last half could be rewritten, it could be made a delluhtful novel. As It is, we predict that it will have an immense rale, and cmate a decided excitement in the novel-reading world. It is thoroughly original in Its execution. There are few, if any other writers, who would have dared to enter upon the field which Mrs. Oli phant has selected. Belying entirely uoon her style, without any startling character, ' much less any startling plot or event, she has taken quiet village life, and depicted it to us in a manner which, considering the obstacles which she had to overcome, is wonderfully successful. Those who have read the "Chronicles of Carting lord," and tho "Perpetual Curate," will appre ciate the style, and not fail to read this, the third ot the seiies of pastoral fictions. THB LlFB AMD AlWBNTUBHS OF JOSEPH GBI- : . halm. By Charles Dickens. T. B. Peterson . A Brothers, Philadelphia. The energy of the Messrs. Peterson, and the numberless varietiesjin which they have given the public editions of Dickens, have made all the productions of that great novelist appear to be the property, by conquest, of that popular firm. It is only, therefoie, what we expect when their teeming presses continually furnish us with new editions of his productions. The adven tures of Grlinaldi have already acquired a de served popularity, both because of the in Quite humor with which they are treated, and also the spice and variety found in the events narrated. In that work is found a solution to the problem of what the clowns do with themselves off the stage a question which, as Dickens states, has been a source of conjecture to him from his earliest infancy. The inimitable description of the ecstacy of witnessing a pantomime, given in the introduction, although familiar, will bear repetition here: "But what was this even this to the glories of he rniide, where, amid the smoll of sawdust and orange-peel, sweeter far than violets to youthful bobcs, the first play being over, the lovers united, the ghost appeased, the baron Silled and everything made comfortable and pleasant, the pantomime itself began 1 What words can describe the deen gloom of the opening scene, where a crafty maviotan, holding a young lady In bondage, was discovered studying an enchanted book, to the solt diumc of a gong I or la w bat terms ean we express the thrill of ecstacy with which his magio power opposed by supriorart. wn nnyn n mn mnnjr mmu t adhvatiah iniA nwn W hat mattered it that the staire was three yards wide and lonr deep f we never saw it. We had no eyes, ears, or corporeal senses, but tor the panto mime. And when its short career was run, and the baton, previously slaaaatered, comins lorward with bis hand npon his heart, announced that for that tavor Mr. Richardson returned bis most sincere thanks, and the performance would commence again -in a qnarter.ofan hour, what Jest could equal the effects of tbe baron's indignation and surprise when the clown, unexpectedly peeping from behind the curtain, requested the audience 'not te believe i'. tor It was all gammon!' Who but a clown could have called forth tbe roarof laughter that jucceedod ; and what witchery but a clown's could have caused tbe Junior nnher hlm-ell to declare aloud, as he shook his sides and smote his knee, in a moment of irrepressible joy, that that was tbe very beat thing he bad ever heard sa-d !" The large clear type of Messrs. Peterson renders all their publications att-active reading, and the unrivalled pencil of Cruikhank has furnished an excellent frontispiece. This house will issue next week "The Queen's Favorite," and soon after, "Self-love," a novel of reported great force. They also have the agoncy for Halplne's comic work, "Baked Meats of the Funeral." j Eokbuck. A Novel. Mr. Doolady, New York. Philadelphia agents, T. B. Peterson k Bro thers. I We have had quite a number of Rebel novels laid upon our fuble since the conclusion of the war, the great majority of which have no claim to popularity except their arrant treason. "Ma cana," by Miss Evans, Is probably the best which hie been issued, the authors of the others being remarkable rather for ardent sym pathy with the South, than lor any adherence to tbe precepts of Llndley Murray. The latest one "Roebuck," is decidedly above mediocrity. It is one of the best Southern fictions that has fallen beneath our notice. Our praise, however, is bestowed solely because of its literary merit, and not in regard to its political sentiment. There are several speeches introduced, which, if omitted, would not cause material regret on the part of the reader. One of them, an oration from Dr. Fairfax. In faver of the Union, would have caused any thinking man to become a rabid seccseionlnt. A more flimsy collection' of words, words, words, we have nover seen, if we except the Rebel's reply, which out-Herods Herod. Nevertheless, the plot of the book is well worked out, and it pictures, probably, the real condition of many Southern estates eluce the return or peace. To those who can repress tndignution at treason, when uttered by imagi nary heroes, we recommend the work. It Is neatly printed by Doolady. Jaroal. By Victor Hugo. Carleton, New York. Philadelphia agent T. B. Peterson A Bros. "In 1818," rays Hugo, "the author of this book was sixteen years old; he wagered that he would write a volume in a fortnight. He composed Bup-Jargal." Although, aocording to this ac count, wc mast consider Jargut as the first of all the numerous productions of the fertile pen of the exile of Guernsey, jet, ai he himself con Icsscs that eight years lator he rewrote tho greater portion, we are st'll inclined to receive "Hans of Iceland" as his maiden effort Wo would have ptelerred that the work, as origi nally written in his boyhood, should have been given to us unrevlsed, as wo would then have had an opportunity of judging for ourselves of what a preat author in embryo could do. The writer, however, has seen fit to revise It, and by bis revision has added finish ami style, although he has cancelled its reputation as a phenomenon. The tale itself, in its oonception is simple. A group of officers of the French army are telling stones to while away the time. Captain D'Au verney, Its hero, is called to do his share, and is just about refusing for want of a theme, when his gigantic lame dog, Rask, limp In. In compliance with the urgeut wishes of his friends, be tells them his adventures In San Domiimo in 1791, at the timo of the negro insurrection. When the slaves rose his propeity was destroyed, his betrothed bride murdered, and he only saved through the fidelity of the negro leader Bng-Jargal, who riskel his lite to save the Captain. Thaddeus, the servant of D'Auverney, thinking that Jargal had killed, instead ot saved his master, shoots the faithful slave In his despair. Thereat of his life is one long sceue ol remoise. Rusk is Jargal's dog, and is tenderly cared tor by the Captain. At the conclusion of the bile the bugle calls to battle, and in the evening D'Auvorncy. Thaddeus, and Rusk are found fimong the slain. Such is the skeleton of the plot. The worn is strongly I rtneb in its style short sentences and vigor, ous conversations. It is transited by the same hand as "Les Mieerables," and Is a much better rmdition than that work. It betrays none of the crudity which we would expoct In such a hurried production at no juvenile an age; but when it is remembered that at twenty-four it was rewritten, we must impute to that revision it literary exoellci.ee. It is published in the handsome style of Carleton, neatly b iund and clearly printed. It is !r sale by T. B. Peterson & Bro., No. 300 Chesnnl &treet. The problem ot African discovery is still an exciting one, in spite of the fate which has be" iallen so many African travellers; for, as one disappears, another rises to take his place. The latest of these daring adventurers Is Herr Ger hard Rohll's, whj proposes to go to Wadai, where his countryman, Edward Vogel, was mur deied, in order to obtain his papers, which he believes are still in existence. Born near Bre men thirty-four years ago, Rohlf studied medl' cine in the universities of Heidelberg, Wurz burg, and Gottingeu, alter which he joined the Foreign Learion at Algiers; he distinguished himself at the conquest of Kabylia, where he was decorated and made a sergeant Growing weary of military lite, he resolved to travel not in the beaten paths ot your ordinary tourist who "docs" Europe in a few weeks, and so much of Africa as lies along the Nile in fs many months, but through regions where danger as well as glory awaited him in Africa itself, among its wild and murderous tribes. Know ing Arabic well, and being fitted by his early studies fer the practice of medicine, he assumed the mask of a devout believer and the roll ot a phy sician.and boldly started forth on the track of adventure. In the end it was one of misadven ture, for, four years since, while traversing the Sahara of Morocco, be was attacked and robbed by his guides, who leit him tor dead, with a broken arm, alone in the desert Saved by some Marabouts, he was scarcely in Algier again when he planned a journey to Timbuctoo, which he could not carry into effect on account ot the um-ettled condition of the country. Determined to do something, however, he has now started on what we cannot but consider a perilous jour ney to Wadai, taking with him a former servant of Vogel's, and nn eye-witnets of his death, which he came near sharing himself. This servant, Mohammed ben Sliman, maintains that Voxel's , papers are in the possession ot the present Sultan - - of Wadai, who is represented in a more favor able light than his predecessor. So, at least, Rohlis thinks, and Mohammed ben Sliman like wise, or he would hardly have volunteered to accompany him on his .journey. Aa Rohlfs had but scanty means with which to accomplish his object, the Royal Geographical Pociety of Eng land have subscribed 100 towards his expenses, and it is probable thai other Uuropeim societies will also assist him. The republication, by Bonn, of a portion o:" "Seymour's Sketches," mentioned by us a few weeks since, has occasioned some bad blood; first, on the part of Seymour's sou, who de nounced Mr. Bonn for obtaining information of him for a pretended series of "Lives of British Artiste," when he only wanted It to accompany a mutilated edition of his father's drawings; und, second, on the part of Charles Dickens, who took umbrage at young Seymour's letter, which unduly magnified bis father's share In the suc cess of the "Pickwick Papers." Dickens' mis sive is not in the best taste, bearing hard, as it does, on the Seymours, father and 6on. Of the former, he says that he "never originated, suij gefcted, or in any way had to do with, save as il lustrator of what I devised, an incident, a char acter (except the sporting tastes of Mr. Win kle), a name, a phrase, or a word, to be found inihe 'Pickwick Papers.' I never saw Mr. Sey mour's handwriting, I believe, in my lWo. I never even saw Mr. Seymour but once in my life, and that was withia e'ght-and-torty hours of bis untimely death." He then proceeds to give an account of the origin of the "Pickwick Papers," copying for that purpose a portion of his pre face to the late English editions of that work, With which our readers may be supposed to be familiar, and concludes as follows; "la July, 1849, some incoherent assertions made by the widow of Mr. Seymour, in the course of certain endeavors of hers to raise money, induced me to address a letter to Mr. Ed ward Chapman, then the only surviving business partner In' the LA DELHI LA, SATURDAY, original firm of Chapman A Ilntl. who first pub lished the 'Pickwick Papers.' requesting him to inlorm me in. writing whether tbe foregoing statement was correct.. In Mr. Chapman's con firmatory answer, immediately written, he re minded me that 1 had liven Mr. Seymour more credit than was his duJ. 'As this letter U to be hlKtorlcal,' he rote, 'I may as well claim what little belongs to me In the matter, aud that Is, the figure ot Pickwick. 8ejmour's first sketch, "made,"say8 Mr. Dickens, "from the proof of my first chapter, was of a long, thin man. ( The present immortal one he made from my doscrip tion of a friend of mine at Richmond.' " Victor Hugo's last novel. "The Tollers of the Sea," has been sent to us by both G. W. Pitcher, No. 808 Chosnut street, and J. B. Lip pincott Co., Nos. 716 and 717 Market street. Mr. G. W. Carleton will shortly puollsh "Recommended to Mercy," an English novel of a rather peculiar character, which attracted considerable attention when it originally ap peared; "Josh Billings Ills Book," another col lection of American humor, so absurdly in vogue Just at present, and, In our way of think ing, the poorest of all ; and "Adrift lu Dixie," a volume of Southern travel by Edmund Klrke. It Is doubtful, however, whether the lost work will be published as announced; for at the latest accounts the edition which was nianu lactured In Boston was destroyed br tiro. The wlfo ol J. S. Clarke bus written tho life ot her father, Junius Brutus Booth. The Ration thus speaks of George Alfred Townscnd's late work, "Campaign ot a Nou- K Combatant:" 'ill tins Look it l posmble to :udy exhaustively the Latuial bit-tor y ut tlie New York re pari or. no l to lie seen hero naticeut, ueveloping, una lully g owu, in action and in iepoe. eomo may look Ujoii the 'Campaigns' as ueing not no pood a u.auunl lor this puiposo as the aume author's ao count ot the cupiuro of W ilken Booth auu uu ae scrii'tion ol thu inai and execution oi the other oou senators, lint here we have him under our eye lor a much louver time thau we cn have him mere, ana we get n?bt of more nnu8 ot his nature. For the ue ot careful students, the 'Campaigns is cuitainly to be preierreu. Heading it, wo aoe now the reporter is a,uue. We Dtcoiue acquainted who his menial and mora) ciiariKiteriBiics; we ivaru what are his a-piruuons; we take the moa-ure of his aitainui' nut; we peicive thu iorce ot nis liiia ginatiun, his wit, h s (auto, his touse, and Judgniuut, n s kLowleUae ol life, h s conceptions Oi mora nj ', Ins Bennett what Is decent ana ot what is not be coming The reporter m the vQVprin ol the daily pres., und shares tho natuio auu the 11 le oi his wa re lit His existence, to use tlie words ot our author, 'is only the tierce, last, flippant existence of new. Tlie day 1 ftruunutud,' he rocs on, 'saw mt an attache ol the rh.ladelphia Vhumelion. 1 was to re ceive three dollar a week aLd be the huir to lordly prospicis.' Hut ihouiih, to u.-e a phraae of his own, this slave of tho nreua may aoiuetimes have repoued ivitu 'the ealt rlnam in his eyes,' gouuraily lie liuPK'd his chain and was proud oi it. 1 ho war bioke out, and be was at once sent to the Army ol i lie Potouiao as special corrcunontieui of a rtmadelpma ncw'papoi . But tho reporter is not a stone that never rons. He 'sent au indiscreet para itrhtothe Washington Chronicle,' he avn, -lor which l wanpuraued by the War Department, nud the management ol my papor lat'kmp heart, 1 wont home lu a pot.' boon he used this opportunity to mako his escape Irom what lie ca la'tne provmc at join lias.' New York was the poal ot his dosires. It is the enu ot every young Ameiican'saspira'lona and the New Bohemia lor the restless, the Drill. ant, ana the industrious.' 'The dream of many months, cuuie to be realized;' some New Yorz paper de spatched him lo the iront. But what shaU we say oi the exertion ot the prelace: 'Mo man ought to let the first lour tears ot bis majority slip away un lecordcdf w e never heard this maxim bofore. If Mr. Towncnd really believes it to be truo, of oourso ue is justilled in publishing this book." THE NEW YORK PRESS. EDITORIAL OPINIONS OF LEADING JOVRNALS WON CURRENT TOPICS. COMPILED iVtBT SAT FOB. EVE3INO TELKORaPU. The Radical Programme The Ukase ot uenueiU'Mlllps. From the Timet. Wendell Phillips has issued his rescript to the radicals in Congress. Here is the programme which be marks out for their adoption: "Our trne policy Is this: Let Congress plainly an nounce its belief that no Mate lately in rebellion is lit to be leaduiilUd 10 Congress.. Let it lar down i he principle that no one shall ever be admitted except it fcstab.i.-hcs univuisal, or at lease impartial Bufliage, and then let Cenpress adjourn. yny day it continues in setsion Jeopards this great cause, it may i Douyht, bnll.ed, or deceived.. All tends thai wav while it is m aeseion, exposed to aaminia tiunve influence. Once adjourned, let the lines be ktnctly drawn, and go to woik to meet 1808 in earnest; tne interval between now a d the next elec tions, (state, Mational. and Presidential, is none too long lor the work, the treason ot President John ton, and tbe impossibility ot impeaching him, leave no hope lor any earlier setlonient. It is just as well, and much safer, to acknowledge this, 10 adjourn and go to tbe people on this issue is saving timo. In tfcisway, spite oi the Piesident, the whole lru t of the war may yet be saved. With the lines disiiuotly drawr, the light a love-board and acknowledged, the issue lair.y presented, and every Cougrexs.iun stumping his own State, the nation may yet be founded and built up on impartial and absolute Justice. Our New Kugland air will save some of our benatois at least from the compromise malar.a ot Pennsylvania avenue. ' An; other course drifting about in a storm of constitutional amondmenis pilot-blinded or drugged, and ladder unshipped allows timid and heed. ess Senators to put us, bonnu hand and toot, into the hands of the inemy, under preteme of being practi cal statesmen. Any other course inns the n k of giving us anothet ten years ot JuBt such dislocated, discordant, and perilous national lile as we have passed thronrh since 18MS Adjourn Congress, then. Lei tvorv member turn hiniseli into witness, teacher, aud drili-mas'er, and let our bugie-call be, No (State admitted at present, aLd none ever tdmltted, which has tbe word 'white' or tue recognition of race in it statute books." We apprehend that, when they can get their courage up to tbe "sticking point," this is pre cisely the course which the radicals in Congress will enoeavor to pursue. "Universal negro sutlruge," ae the condition sintquanon of the1 restoration of the Union, is now, and has been trom the beginning of the tension, the grand goal and object oi all their effort. They have tloaked it more or less, partly irom policy and partly from fear; but the time is drawing nigh when they can cloak it no linger. The whole subiect oi restoration was tirst put into the hands of the Reconstruction Cf mmtttee, there to await the manipulations necessary for success. Each House was pledged to admit uo member from the South until that Committee should have reported, and until final action should have been taken by both Houses on that report. This tied Conerres-t hand and loot, and lett the field perfectly clear for the grand campaign. Every attempt that has since been mmle to draw attention to the case of Tennessee, to the return and qualifica tions ol Southern members, to the testimony reported by the Committee, or ta any other branch of this general subiect, has been sum marily squelched by beine sent, under the Speaker's ruling, to this Committee. And there evesj thing rests, under lock and key, and the Injunction ot secresy, to this hour. Meantime all the talk and all the excitement that has been raised about Constitutional amendments, equality of Civil Rights, status of the Rebel States, etc. etc., has been simply dust thrown in tbe eyes of the public to cover the approach to tbe grand fundamental, indispensa ble principle of universal negro suffrage, as tbe condition without which no Southern State should ever again be admitted to the Union. This is tbe secret of all the elaborate legal endeavors to prove . that the Union is destroyed that the Slates went out of it, and that tney can get back only on such oondln tinna as Congress may prescribe. ThU was the reason why Stevens proclaimed them conquered States,' deprived ot all rights, ex APRIL 28, 18CG. cluded from the projection of the Conslitution, snd to be dealt with as conquered sublects at the sovereioru 1U and plea-ure of the coti- tjueron-. This wa the ooloit of. Mr. Sbella bargcr's studied lecral argument In support of the doctrine ol State suicide, and of his more recent elbirt to ptovc that, even if the Rebel States Mre In th t.nion, thet may rightfully be held lo have for'eiud all the rluii's ot citizen ship under the Constitution. Tho feeblor but still more zealous efforts of Hart, Ward, Holmes, and other radical members Irom this State, have all aimed al the same dun; r.amcly, to lav a tonndsrion lr,r demanding at the bandiot the Soutn, universal nee.ro suflidge as the condition of restoration. The plan does not work quite to their liking. Some oi the more timii among them bgiu to doubt whether it is quite sale. Its strength tih tbe people doei no' qui'.e equal thMr anticipa tions. The President, is more obMiuate in his fidelitj to the principles and platlorm of the Union party than tney expected. Tbe country Is not com inced that the Southern States are out ol the Union, that their people are conquered subjects, cr that Congress has the right to force universal negro eutlroge upon them. And it re cent reports Irom our Wshlngton correspond ents may be trusted, these rahcal gentlemen Irom New Vork and other powerful States of the Koitb and West, are liolding caucuses and pro paring lor a chongo oi ba e, bv war or prepara tion for the nomine political campa'en. We fear they will find this operation not qnlto so easy as it may seem. They have put them selves into 'he hnnds of leaders who are too much in earnest to flit cb. aud too reckless them eehes to care much what may become of their followers. Mr. S:evens announced very early in the session that he and Ibe friends of univei-sal neero suffrage vtere s-tong enough by unl ine wuh tbe lh morrats to deleat any other kind of negro suflruee, and on the District of Colunihia question Ihev did it. We doubt not thev will, la case of emergency, do precisely tie same thi.ig again. The radicals on the Reconstruction Committee will follow the policy marked out by Wendell Phillip-, who is really the leader of ihe radical movement. The will report in lavor ot universal twnro Fuffrayc as tlie only basis on which the Union shall be rcKtored as the only condition on wnlch the Southern States shall ever spuin be reprpttnted in Congros and fhey will re quire tbepe hesitating, halting gentlemen to walk up to the mark and vote witn them m its support, Tho probability is mat they will cany their point hereafter as they have cairied every poim h'therto. They have excluded T -nnessee. in spite of the conviction of tbrec-fourths oi the House that her members ought to be admitted. They have repeatedly passed resolutions msuiu lug the President, lu'spite of a protested desire lor hsrrr.onv bet v. ccn the Executive und Legis lative departments ot the Government. And they have panned ' acainf t the veto, by over whelming majorities and with loud applause, a till which a majority of their own taction ad miitefi, by rtpcetsary implication, to be mteily beiond the cont-tituhonal authority of Cuii grets. And all this bus been done by party drill and by party menace. And wiint ha-s thus been done so ottcn will doubtlens thus be done 8?uin. Wendell riiillips evidently distrusts the firm ness and principle of his lollowers. fie tears their stay in u'hington w ill subject them to "Administrative influences," and that they will not be proof againtt them. He ha been pretty succesciui, it must be contesped, in plucina them beyond the reach of all such influences, and in an attitude ot open and ItiBulting hostility to the Administration itwell. hut ol even this Le is clearly avtrustful. He thinks they had bettor lnme their vUitnalum and go home to their con stituents, and lor once wc concur most heartily w uu mm in opinion. Kentucky Loyalty. From the Tribune. We believe Mr. (larrett Davis considers Ken tucky a loyal aud law-abiding State, und we suppose she Is, Judged by his standard of loyalty and obedience to laws. Kentucky and her Senator agree in hating "niggers," in denouuc ingthe Freedmen'e Bureau, and in nullifying the Civil Rights law. Mr. Davis ha talked seme Ueason lately, and all through tho war talked n great deal of Inhumanity. If anybody doulu that he did and does truly represent his Mate, we invite him to read the reports Irom the Ireedmen's Bureau in Kentucky, which we print j tsterday morning. General Ely says that the intense prejudices existing in the forty-two counties under his jurisdiction, against both the blacks and the Bu reau, render the officers of tbe latter power less, except when supported by troops. Pro slavery intolerance has not abated its mad zeal because ol emancipation. The whites consider that the Preedmen's Bureau has been abolished by the President's veto. They have organized bauds of "Regulators" and "Nigger-Killers," consisting mainly of returned Rebel soldiers, whose business it is to prevent the employment ol the blacks by burniug the houses of those who do employ them, by hogging and murdering the blacks themselves, and other like methods. General Ely testlties that but tor the terror ex cited by these bands, there would be no difficulty in finding good homes and employment tor tbe ireedmen. The civil authorities have neither the power nor the disposition to protect the blacks against such outrages, public opinion is on tbe side of tbe "nisgcr-killers;" the lormer owners of slaves think that some of their rights still remain, and the courts tustain them bv their adjudications. General Ely and Captain Merrill do not rest on general statements; they give particulars of many outrages: they present a minute picture ot tbe state of society at this moment existing in Kentucky. We should like to ask tbe most em bittered opponent of the Freedmcn's Bureau what he thinks ot Kentucky civilization, and what ehanse ol protection he supposes the negro would have without tbe Bureau? The State has parsed no laws no protect them, nor does it per mit tnem to testify in State Courts. Even where the Ireedmen are at work, they ate working under contracts of which there is no rccoid, which could not be enforced by law, and which public opinion would justify the planters in breaking the moment a "nigger" gets impudent enough to demaud his pay. It is worth noticing that the most exasperating oftense of a - freedman is to have borne arms in delense of the Government Should a olored soldier dare to retain any mark of his service in tbe Union armies, he is shot down. But it is quite in order to wear Rebel uniforms, with C. S. A. waist-belts, and plenty ol pistols to shoot loyalists on sight. And yet. Kentucky has never been out of the Union. She has always had two Senators in Congress though they never seemed quite sure w hether the kin gresd was in Washington or in Richmond. She was excepted from the Eman cipation Proclamation; she refused to ratiiy the anti-slavery amendment; she was allowed her own way In most matters relating to her owu atlair?. Her gratitude is manifested by a des perate hostility to the Government, and the most malignant vindlctiveiiess towards hr emanci pated slaves. It this be true of loyal Kentucky, what Is likely to be true of the insurgent SUies? The Admission ol Colorado and tlie Exclu sion ol the Southern States. From the Herald. . ' ' The Senate has reconsidered the bill which was rejected in that body several weeks ago for the admission of Colorado Territory as a State of the Union, and has passed the measure by a vote of 19 to 13. . One-third of the Senators were ab sent or paired off. What the result would have been upon a full vote we cannot tell; but the vote actually cast against the bill, including Buckalew. Davie, Hendricks, Guthrie, McDou gall and Riddle, Democrats; and . Doolit tie, Ed munds, Foster, Grimes, Morgan, Poland, and Sumner, Republicans, radicals and conserva tives, shows that opinions and parties on the subject were considerably mixed. The Democrats and conservative Republicans opposed the measure mainly on the ground that an unsettled population of flfteeu or twenty thousand is hardly sullicieut to lustily the ad mission of a Territory as a State, wueu the popular ratio for a Representative In Congress is a hundred ttiouranrl. Tbe radicals no op posed the bill Old eo bceniine unshoes, n the State Constitution of Colorado, aro excluded fiom Ihe lie ht ot siiHrane. Mr. ft lmner, there fore, In this matter, h;H at leant the morit of corisibtency, against all temptations to go the omer way. Tbe radicals who supported ana ruffed the bill wci it 1 understood, controlled bylheimpiessloiitl.nl the admilono( Colo rado would give two additional members to the radical strength in thu Senate, although In thU matter thej may i.cibaps be mistaken. it is supposed in.v, wuh the approval or the Pecenetruction Committee, this bill will pass the House. Aastimiue that it will, what Is the potitlon in which this radical Congress will place itself by this nc' It wi.l stand in the position of a parti which has admitted a Terri tory with a floatii'c populaton of fifteen or twenty thousand as a Slate, with a constitution excluding the negro from the ballot-box. while eleven Southern States. eiDb-acln four of the original thirieeu. which founded the Union, are excluded irom a voice in Uoneiess mainly because they have not conceded" this thing of negro eurirace The Inconsistency of this distinction ts Hppurent, and its in lustier stands out in bold icliel, In presence of the lact that tho cotton lurtikhed from the exoluoei Southern States since tue close of tho war, lor the markets of the norli, tooti up tbe masniti cent sum. in greenbacks, In round numbers, of lour hundred millions of dollars equal to three hundred millions In golf tor tlie relief ot the national creclt, the national currency, and the ledcral taxtayeis of the United Stales, from one end of the Union to the other. We grant that thci-c three hundred millions in gold were saved to the Union cause and the national tflasurj by the navy, in the late blockade of tho Sou'hern ports; but we may still secure three or lour hundred millions more this jear. In all probability, in southern pro duct, by th" prompt admission into Congroai of the excluded StiiU-"; for this admission would re-establish in thoo States the confidence, security, activity, and systematic industry neci peary to the lull dovolopment even of tbs cotton, tobacco, and other crops that have baen planted. But It Colorado, with a State conslitution against neirro sullracc, i admitted into tbe Uniou, we hope we shall hear no more of this deiiiaaOf-uc cry of the radicals, that neri suflrnge nuu-t in Home ay be scoured la Virginia, North and South Carolina, and so on, bcloie those States cuu sateiy be reinstated in Congress. By the late vote of the Senate negro suffrage is cou'wed to be only a party trick, and the Heme, in suptainlng it, will at leapt put an erd to the lalse pretenso ot radical solicitude lor the m pio'9 political rights. A Little 1 cdlington Critic. From the World. The Independent makes a puerile effort to b5 smart at Presides' Johnson's expense by run ning a long parallel between him and Mr. Glad stone in point ot graceful and oloqueut speak -irg. The IndTpetiUfnt is to pleased with this spraw ling ineptitude that it distinguishes it by double leads, and jives it the most conspicuous place in its editorial columns. Such compari sons are a cheap M.b-titute for satire, since bad tabteuud indecorum aiethc 'mly talents requisite tor making them. By this method it would be quire as easy to prove that Prectdent Lincoln was not a model of cultivated manners, or that Chid Justice Chose is not a model of judicial propriety, or Mr. Theodore Tilton of good sense aud compression as a writei, us to prove that Andrew Johnson b not a man of varied classi cal accomplishments. All these points, we take it, are so evident us to render auy attempt at proof superfluous. Tbe editor of the Independent sets out by say ing that he has been employing himself in studying recent S 'ocimens ol public speaking. We think It a pity that he did not include tho address ot Carlyle lu the number. From it he might have learned to rate a ready knack at elegant pbrase-mt.ing at the low value placed upon it by men of bound culture. Carlyle, in that address, ranked Phocion higher than Demos thenes. We suppose that Cromwell and John Knox, whoiii he singled out for especial eulogy trom among all tho great men hitherto produced in th British Islands, would have stood a comparison with Gladstone, in Gladstone's strong points, with as little ad vantage as Mr. Johnson. Knox, as the Inde i?e?ideif niurt kno v, though more eloquent, in his rough way, tlmu Cromwell, treated oppo nents with as little ceremony as Luther, cer tainly with less than Andrew Johnson. What contempt would not the Independent itself feel for a small literary twaddler woo should try to make bis readers merry over the rough energy and outspoken rudeness of tbe Reformers or the Roundheads I When MlesMartlneau was In this country she wrote a book In wh'ch she animad verted upon General Jackson's ungrammotical English. But Mr. Johnson speaks quite as gram matically, and with infinitely more point, euertrv, and condensation, than the editor of the Inde pendent writes. The Independent makes an unsuccessful efTort to be satirical over the boasting and egotism of the President's speech to the soldiers. The edi tor of the Independent Is (in profession) a Chris tian. There are two whole chapters In one of St. Paul's eplfetles, in which that energetic preacher does nothing but boast. He declares that he is not a whit behind the very chief ast of the apostles, nnd goes into a long recital and comparison ot claims to prove It. He was justified by the virulent assaults of his enemies. This tone is always pardonuble in self-defense. Thegreafctt speech of the world'6 first orator is in a strain ol egotism from beginning to euo. But who was ever noodle enough . to corsider the Oruiiou on the Crown ridiculous;' The pertinent question in relation to Mr. Johnson's boastinr, is, whether it Is true? What did he boast of? ot knowing Greek like Glad stone ? Ol fumblmc in libraries, like Sumner? No; he Invited comparison on no such trivial points. He claimed ior himself precisely the same kind of merit which belonged to the hardy soldiers and sailor he was addressing. Like them, he had sacrificed his ease, exposed bis person, held his Ire cheap; and unlike them. Lad perilled aU that is dear to man on earth family, property, friends, reputation amoug his neighbors lu tbe service of his country. We put It to the Independent, we put it to ever j body, if this claim ot the President's is not well fouaded? Who, of all his revilers, dares challenge a comparison with him in re spect to sacrifices made and dangers encoun tered for ihe Union? What are all the stilted phrases that Sumner railed and marshalled in safety during those terrible four years, in com parison with the manly energy of Johnson in the forefront of damzer? What would the Inde jxritft n think of a small pedant who should ridicule the heroic youth who deserted our col leges to face deata'in battle, because they can not MiHtaia a comparison in classical learning with those who staved behind? Such ridicule wov.ld be re more shallow, no more contempti ble than that which the Independent aims at the President. Such attacks are doubly contemptible wbn it is considered that Mr. Johnson could not read till he was a grown man; that without ever having passed a day at any school, be made himself at an early age a well iniormed statesman, and a vigorous, logical debater; that in the Senate, with Seward, Chase, und Sumner, as antagonists, he shrank from no encounter, aud was never overmatched. Whan a religions newspaper tries to turn such a man into ridicule, religion, in that establlbhment, mutt be at a low eob. -- - A Clikicil DkmaW. A singular Incident has just taken place at Neul'chatol, In Switzer land. At the death of a merchant in that city, on the credit side of his books the name of "God" was found to be inscribed for a consider able sum. No one knew of such a creditor, and on investigation evidence was obtained that de ceased, who was a man of great piety, had opened an account to the Father of All. and entertd to It each year a share of his profits. The clergy have olatmed the sum, on the ground that they represent God upon earth, while their demand is opposed by the authorities ot the tmnton. ' The aifair will probably be brought bctore the tribunals.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers