r ' . i I : Evening clcflapli Ts pvbltehctf wry afternoon (Sundayi excepted) oiKo. 10b S. Ihird street. Pr'ce, Three -Cents .Per Vui y (Double Meet), or Eighteen CetUs Per Wed, payable to the Cdmer, and mailed to - Subscribers out of the aty at Nine Dollars Per Anr.vmt One Dollar and Fifty Onto for Two Months, invariably m adoavce for the period ordered. . . 'To insure the Insertion of Advertisements in all of our Editions, they must he forwarded to our office not later than 10 o'clock each Morning. TUESDAY. FEBRUARY 20, 1SC0. THE VETO. Since tho eyor-meiUorablo days ot April last, there lias no news reached our city that his oc aslonod so proiound a spnsatlon as the Intol lligence published in The Evemno Tbxe OBAPU of yesterday, that the President of the United States had seen lit to exercise his Con stitutional prerogative, and returo without his signature the "FreedmenV Bureau Bill." The news of this action of Mr. Johnson, couplud with a revocation of the order sup pressing the Richmond Examiner, has natu rally caused tho in tensest exctemout in poli tical cire'es, which has spread Itself far be yond the official rings which 4usually take Interest in Congressional proceedings. Al though rumors have bein afloat for ovor a week that that was tho intention of th3 Exe cutive, yet, as they came principally through Democratic channels, the Union party doubted that they were the authorized utter ances of the President. Mr. Johnsox has signified his opposition to the bill in every lortn. A more emphatic veto has never been sent to the National Congress. The arguments advanced by him are of t'ao greatest magnitude, -Iho causes which led to the adoption' of tho bill are of . equally vital Importance. When, thereforet the great branches of our Government enter into a conflict cl opinion in regard to an i m portant pu He measure, it ill becomes tha jour nalists of our land to decide on the merits ot the case without careful deliberation. It is, therefore, not our intention in the present article to advocate or oppose the measure but merely to condense the reasons givea by hla Excellency in his message, whhh, how ever the reader may differ In regard to Its soundness of sentiment, all must admit to be a powerfully written State paper. Let us give in a few word the arguments of Mr. Johnson, without urging any of the replies whicb could be made by the advocates of the bill. Let us, in fact, filter the docu ment and give the gist of the whole in half-a-dozen paragraphs. lie is opposed to it because it is unneces sary, as the Bureau created by the act of March, 1865, has not yet ceased to exist. It creates a military Jurisdiction over a large portion of the United States, and gives authority to step between tho ireedman and bis employer and regulate his contract, when it is possible that the agent is iguorant of the necessities or justice of the case. It makes it proper for a citizen to be ar rested for iniur'ng a black, to be tried befcre a court martial, convicted, and sentenced, thus violating that provmion ot the Constitu tion which prescribes that "in all criminal proceeding? the accused shall eniov the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State or distrlec wherein the crime bhall have been committed." It entrusts to the President too much power for any one man to exercise in a re public, and enables him to wield immense patronage for sinister and Improper political purposes. , It provides for giving homesteads to blacks, and educating ihem, when Congress bas never furni"bed o precedent for any such action, ven in the case of orphans of soldiers. It would make tbe support of a vast number of Indigent people by the United States a per manent department ot the Government. It would make mill ary rule in the South ern States a permanent policy of th United States. It would create dissatisiaction In the South ern States, and tend to cause rebellion on the part of the whites. It seizes on property without duo process of law. It is unjust to tbe States most affected, b. cause It was passed when they were not re presented, and hence is an imposition on them by legislation in which they were allowed to take no part. And lastly, It is unnecessary. bocauso, "with the Federal courts restored and those of the several States in the full exercise of their functions the rights and Interests of all classes of tbe people will, with tbe aid of the military in cases of resistance to the law, be essentially protected against unconstitutional infringe ment and violation." Such is a condensed statement oi the arguments advanced by Mr. JOHN80N. We have carefully compiled the opinions of each of the leading journals of our own and our sister c.tiei, which we append as a fair exposition of the different lights in which the action Is viewed by the various parties. The Inq uirer says : "The president expresses h' reret at belnr com pelled w dissent from tho vie i of Congress a it regards the lectures i the bill, oud deems It inconsistent with the mbno welfare to Ktve ihj nieasure his approval. He coupler, that the power which if oonlerred upon tbe Executive by the linnet went s ach ai, m tunes ot peace, e?rtain. y, ought never to be intrusted to any one man.' "rain in a hasty Riaiioe over ihs message, at an hour too lata to do it Justice, we oono uda that tbe President considers the bill as too expensive, that iu :eis)atiou it uot rcqu.rod, and. fluailv, that it is unoons iiutional. lie armies Iho quegtum, uud sub jects tfTeiai sections to close auuiysis.and tnink the Li 1 when examined in detail, open to weight ! Jeo tune " The Press, in a letter from '-Occasional" (Co'onel J. V. Founey), comes out strongly in favor of the bilL He says : 'We cow realise the abundant sutlioritvof the .Democratic uewsuapert tor awertinz that the l'mi- THE DAILY EVENiNG TELEQKAPH. PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY, 20, 18CG, dent wan opposed to thl Important mMMiro a very tinsulai e rcnnitsnco when cntravvl wit i fie 'act tliev tli ttaonohrst, most ne f unci ilomir, and most H.flticntfai jiatnoii in the land rem lined In almost total iBLOiaica of hi intention uoarly up to the ti mrni when h. veto u received. 1 w lte at too late an hour to tpeeilv the points tha mo ni(n e'.tpd in oppomtton to hi mosi ico; on will m'flice Tte aiieeaiion that cloven Maics of tan Union i.ro nrroprere tod In Congress, aud that their ab'ruce when this , bill was ia-s d Is one ot the evidenoct of its mjjscios and urcons'itutionaiitv, and that thmf pitfpi.ce is riweiitial to eive h-ealitv and force t legislation, it' It prone auythin , proves tnat all tho inioitant legislation of ihe past tour yetrs, m. tenced to rave aiid o reoue the Kopu ilio, and to put down tl,e hobellion. w.,s i feai or unoon.-tin-tidtini, I be patriotic paiple of the United Btitos must now look to their Con .ress. Fortunate y lor I lie laiure, Ihcse to groat Houses stand in Bulla and in slern nirav arouait t o ineue.l i'bertioot thi Li ion; but If thor are pxptoted to complete t ie cictt mittfiou eutm-tcd to them tho? ninj be su lan.fd and ttrcnt ,f ncd by tho ocople IhePnHi edit 1ib csken bis appeal to th" ponp'e) uowl it Ci i-eim go w tl him to tin ir rieat oous itionoy." The Age commends the action, and utters a seiri-exultant shout, as follows : Yt sttrrlav afleruoon toe intoWtr-nco reached ns tbnt tli I're.ooent had voiood the Froodinju's 1 urciiu Lil'.' This aiiuounoinent ooouioiuct pro iound pei Ration in our city, as it will naturally do throughout 'he country. An the veto nKaaare con tains a distinct and emphatio onuuoiation ot the l residmit's policy upon the mibj ot ot rooonatruo tion, it will be rosd with inteune Interest 'Vtue American people. That I. will OKiirciso a powifil H.flunnceiu tho future hupintr ot eartios, there is l ot the sliahii st dou'it and unum un art greatly deceived, ii. Will rec.mvt tm untjui'tjlfi 'oio i"f thone who eot with e t.nrst liiymtj for that peaceful retttirtitiim which wit' open to tho Union a ttcto path f glory unit prosperity." The Ledger omits all mention, editorially, of the fact ol the veto. Ibe New Yoik Daily News (Copperhead ord 4 11 44), commends the veto warmly It says : 'o net of the 1'rcMd' Tit has prntiflod ui no mnoh J one lias pivou vt so much ooi.fi Iouoh iu .hii.uutri oiitni ono lntoiir ty j ne has iuc lued us t trust so liot ofnlly to 1ns wisdom aiH h's slaienmanihiD to Li'iiiu the coiinirr siitoly 'hrouh tliodn(fo'-s with w hich the tiia.'i cs ol the Itadicals siih nurrounds :t At oi c t onno no hus ricn to tho heisht ot hia riat I pt rtui ity, ei.d domonsiratod u l devotion to tho t oiipt'tution, i tid to thos i uiont pnnopesof Uor eri ment wliioli ho enuuoialud so thttiuotlv In bll ALDua. llcsfase. aiidwiiuh he so sinkinftly reite rated in bis interview wit the Virnma delegation,' Let a 'cw days apo. ''HoOccsnot return tho bill on nooount of any trill. of objiot otig to lU duiails, out booamc it is crft.-M.aIly uncoiiHtituiioual, uuncoosary, impolitic, culiptrous to tho liberlit s ol the pooiilu, ruluoui to tho ireeiiiiicn, and utjust to too jaop'o ol the touth "So part of the nifssacro desorroa or will attract move fitioi.tion than tliut in viuch tho 1'rottden. ui ciuiekthut tno Koi eii on bo lit: at an ouo and the boiiti.ern 8a ea haviiii done all that t ,ov cou d to rt- ct.tai I. Bi. tnoir ulutioris to tho Un.tod cjtatu. have bicnuinndy iu!)v rettored, aud that com qujutly l e 1oo;b it to I e Ins duiy to recommend to Cou 'rsss 'in tliemtere fx of peace., mill in tint interests of the Uiiifrn, ihf atlmismim ot ttery State to it share of public U yitlation.' " The World, the leadlrg organ of the Democratic paity, 6ays: "I'rctsidciit Jon.BO.-i hus liob'y sn taineJ his char ade ior B.ei.umehs oi pur. om nini po:iuojl cotirao, l j the veto he sunt to tho tenaio. yesten av, oi too bill lor enlui e.PK tlie powo s of tlie Frcedmcu'ii Bureau the Veto llcssnyo ii a (iooument oi suuh fiBvo coi stquouoe that it will b. attottt re.y lrfa i b' ah who tuk i an interest in public affairs We will notnuLuir tiio oaency oi is argument oy nnv at tempt at abiidiuent. It is duo aliKo to tlie l'reni Cei.i m.d too FU'ject that lu.i rr anon; 112 should bo tare u Iv wcichLa in the jan;;uao 111 vhicU ha haj, tern 1H 10 pres. iit it. 'jLt-i'vieiiii!' it as it bat alwavs lierftofore bonn ur.utr.itood, be bos snowu that Uriu coull.louce 1 1 his ow n jiulyuiout winch marks a iniud e. mure than oidit.ary ttroui'tii, and a staunch honesty of pur pose which no c.HUior ot au organized multitude cun Kbako, Xlio t'rea'mt not l tiouerui Jackson's Hie was a veto; aim President Johkson hus a lown an Loiiost mtrepidit.- ihat is truly Jaousoutan, and w 1 be tqaaii subirii ed tiv tlie oeole, wu. n tho con.o to i.nue stand t ie ti ne n.crits of the question. "JSrithor J 1 fit i. 1 son nor Jackhoi., our nvo irruat Di niccra io jf re toeuts, ovur asaurte t wim suoU I'jar less lino uy aim rinifins eui,ha'is the' funuaiuental Vnncipksot c vn ure rly an i icsideut Jon.soa has ooi.e 111 tuis nit BSD (f 1 : (or no occasion aioe unaor tLeir iKliiiiinutrui.oiis callu; for a ich vigorous de leiite ot a 1 that lieemou hold U ar. 1" is trmy re vivinir, alter wnat the couutiy hai cono through tor the luttt live yea. 8, to s e tho habeas corpus, trial by jury unci other iuvuluablo rirh's ho Pj dlv SBsertod by tno rresiupin 01 tnu unitou Mutei. dome i.iuatio ot the Ihad. Stevkns stripe sa d. lu lu Urst year ot the war. tli u the (Joust, tutiun must b ro.led up and laid away til) niter its clone i rojidout John bo has taken it down and unrolled ir ; and wnat is mine, he lia tho good 1'aitti to acknowledge tuU it nieoiis what ii says " 'Ihe Times (Conservative Union) says: "The country will not le taken by furpr.'so in re d ing the auuouucunieut of tho l'resiuout' veto of the 1 rcednien's liureou Bill. The veio imiiliei no osnu tia dinnoi.ee 01 opinion bet ween the Lxocutive and tnr uibloiity in Congress on the primary object ot the bill. "ihe wt'Olo tone of tho llossatro, however, shows that too Lxccuiivo utuh. rity will not bu mton ooj to piovont tbe enaoimcnt of any measuio vlnon, witnout overthrowing the exiBling c ti; Jurisdiocion olihoeouris hhau nmuro to t. e emancipated clans at tbu bouth complete and tflecuvo pvoti'O'ion in toeir ncwiy acquired riehls. "in no ersoutiul point is tho l'roaidont at variance either with ihe niujor.ty in Convene 'or with tne couu'iy to far as tuo c uims ol tho freodmeu are concerned. Ho keeks to roach the end aiiuea at in the ve oed bin by other, aud what he deems ess radica aciic.e3. It wil , tneref re, bo for Congress ai d the com try to weifli carefuhy tho objeunon ollereujuud at least to lespeor, f they cauuot as eeiit, to ine icanonsou which the EJteouiive veto is lased." The Herald says: "I he F eet men's Bureau bill bos, at the hands of rrenioout JonKt-oji, mut wnh the late whicn it de served, lie has, with iu objections, sent it back to Ihe Senate ihu body in which it orimuatod he has liiven it the veto, aud a very bioad, strong, coin I l thenfive. ai d emphutio veto it is. He is oppood to the bill, root and brunch, lie object.- to it on coiiculu.lioi.al riounds, and on giouudi of expedi ency. " I he bill may be passed over the voto; but In any event the icbuu is ut length u.ado ootwoeu tue Ad- 11 in utmtion and tho rau.cai lautiou 01 conre Lctwttu 1'ieBiieiit J on:, son aud luDbtU8 fcTKWN? ai.d tlieie Is no oner alternative Ihe trup v. Inch it wuu botiou wou d catcii the Jrejfiieut , has iali d. He lukcs ins pomlion reardloaj of the uppui;eiit odUH auaiiiBt him. It will now be the fame ot tnu ruuiottio lo uowiiuout him,' aud to weaken him in every )oi-iblo way. I'o this end vu are not surprisou 10 hear tliut tbey are luuunir ouuly in- iriguing 10 win over ueuerai uuu r num ui au nuuistiatiou. We yu-B, however, tliut Gouoral dliAM'wil bo ub o to ti kD care of hiuitoli. tho itMi' is new unoij th s lioednien's Uu'euu bill. It it is lobt the ba tie is euced at 01.ee; but it iho bill is tiiutid our t, e veto, tho ilhl 11 jimt oorun. As between 1'reBiceiit Joii.nbo aud I haihiKUS Stic- Vl;e, we cani ot doubt ino una1 vio ory, wnatey-r muy be tlie course ot t no prone.tt ouros lor the country is with the Admli.i.nratiou " The Tribune says, wirh that lrank honesty which has ever characterized Its policy : v. b cull l'reainent Jounsom as our Urst witness thouh i' eio are luauy othurs to ihelaottnai tue wh tes of the rioutn too cenoianv reira atuu niucus with couteiui t and aversion W itnnk th 1'resi. ctn, uuos too iar wheu bo uS4frU that the whi'et would into avain In ii.su. reo ion, sua exrermina e the Mucks, if iho latter were ucinihtcd to qoai nebts with the Ibnmr; but ttiutaii auupathi very irone'uly exists itbeoud d sputo Onlymak the ueero know end keep bis place' under the heel of a master aud the boulhrons like him as a man likes his noj, or a woil hi uiulti ui but let tho 1 laec suera to aay. '1 am a man, and 1 o aim all the liiruts of a mm,' onu Y.t becomes 'inipucent.' 'insolent ' 'presumptu onsj' and every whim- of the nuellm, d ep-drmk-iiu., gumhling class, leo's oblmed to taku him down.' If e-vileai.d crnwinc, be is tolerated as a useiul instrument; but be Is allowed noue of the rights ol humanity. ' Ibe Vnedmer's Bureau is tbe nstlon's right arm. pentiv but tlrmlv out tretci ea to keep the peace tetw-cn tbos warring olasos its priuoipal owlets are iiire:-l. lo e he blacks trom itu.iui, abusit, and ma-acr. 8 lo t them at work 8. to see that thy are cind v trea ed anl 'airly paid scrthiir labor. H is a cirautto enier. priiw, nd ba ao'iieved a marvellous uoc H un til edit ol tbuutalid a.e new industrious and com t.,.i.l.iB Ut,er. with nol ov.r the T beads and tood in ibeir cabins. io would have bi en prowl im, thieving, burned, lamikbiug vavabouds in the absxcce 01 tue nureuu. 11 nas paiieuur rally dlsabueea the backs 01 the 110 ion that they sre to share thotr manprs' 'ands and roedt t hal plaiitcd fchooln, Incu caled obedience arid oilirouoii so turn totemoBt In ail the onrj that ha litel te al n ih outb. It thre million ba m of oittoa re mam this year and w udire that there will Or -tne Hopon-irn' Duieuu win hav givon n at Ina I onr-bndot it, worth cot less than $100,00 J 000 io pod. ( e.the riesidenthasretoed th bill provldtn? for the continuance and renter eflloienov ot ttiU Bu rrs n. Vi e deeply regret this) and we ttnnlr ho will Ire to regiet it even mor kenlf For this t4 win I e viioerstood b all that is brutal iind rulllan'y at Ihe 8011th i giving lieeme to any abuse and op. pteRBion ol tho bia"ks ilutt w He inaiicnit? and ran cmous lipto can devise. Jtwill os nndorstood as a prnc amntion of license to ibe meaner whites td wreak 'ho 1 , niance or their lut upon the hapless and betrayed blacks JTi'ro aro thousand of in, o cent r" ron now I vli whom 'his veio oonitrns to a I amtiii death b fore the clo-e nl tlioourrent year. 1 Ol course, th Fieedmen's lturesu in anomaloanl There is no dispme ns to that. JMav, morei it indi catos a b ind, roui dboul wav 01 doing partia Jm tice, wb n comp ote justice was (With the I'les'deut't coi'K in ) easier and a.er 1 bine 1 ties in the Federal Cons it u t on abolishing and inhibiting a'l laws and ordinances Hint bo tow or wHiho:d privileges b'w can. e 01 color would to wor-,11 sevoral Fioodmpu'l llureoiTS Jnftlcc fqt:al rl?'it the rcoogm Inn of bt n aiibood :hee hetx-s nvo wants not cdd1inj and poi mi nv. ii you wd' tlm ho niutr ad bilorJ kecan vote; buttlion don't lot wh t'-villains burn 111 J oor scboo -hnu-n. 8a , if you will, thai ho mint lave t'Toprrtv before ho cm vo'pj but b Tory cam ful that the low secures to him a'l heotrns. and civei turn evrry reeded fnoility tor mamtamln his rigi s. II you deny bim the neht of mfl'apo bcaue of his ignointicp, look we I to it that yon do nothing 0 ilon latptl to perH tiiate that ip-noranoe, and that vou mo to him lo lenrn by profiei Ing h ra entranohioment as the reward of his nilizenoe end acquirements, In rhoit, n akn j our laws rigidly Just, then aoollsn your soup-boiires. But until thou ir. Johnson baa mare a irravo mistake. Ho has relieved timi-e ivbo e eutod him ol a sroat rsnntisi W'ltv bv taking It on his own shon'dors. Horoafter, whnlevr wrenp may bo Inlliclod unou or Intlignrini Fufieio i Yy the S mthnm blnoks wi,l be oharced to the l'resident. who has lolt them naked o taeir enem es. lime will show that ho has thorobv ir,i c'ui ed a true and speedy res oration of tne Soinh, end 1 flie'ed more las ing mi cry on hoi whites than 011 bor blacks." GRAND TRIAL SEWING MACHINES; AT . Iplfind Park, near Allmy, N. Y., The Willeox & Giubs Machine V TRIUMPHANT! TUB TaIaL. , At the Great Union Fair held at Island Park, bctwet n Albany a'ad Tro.v, September 19, 20, 21 22, and 23, 1SC5, two premtuois wore offered on Sewins' Kacliiues, one lor the Best Sewing Ma' chne, and the other fcr tho Second Bast compe tition being open to the State, 1 On thifjr&l day of Ihe Fair, the Troy Atrent of the Florence S3!n;j Machino Company, havias'.J jointly with the Albany Ap.eat ol the sanoe Ma-, cb'tie, entered itlorcoinpetitioD.publtsUaJin the Troy Daily limes a challenge to aijontj ot' other SewSn? Machines to meet tbctn at said Fair ami compete with them lor tlio primium. 1 i The challenge was accepted hy the Troy and ' Albany Aceuts ot the Wllloox A Gibbs Manilla ). ; And no other kiod of Sa ving Machine being la couipetition, it, una left tor these two Machine! (one representing the old double-throail, "lock"! or ''thuUle stitch'' cluss, aud the other tho ne w, ! sinele-threafl, 'twisted loop Ftitcli" c?as.t), by j this sinsle-hauaed contest, to docile the relative ' merits of thcee two n'.asscs of Soinar Machines. , The competitors being alio ved to choo.se the ! Judges, each party selected oao, aud taosetsvo! selected a tlnrd ullof thampradical maohLiish, . and t wo of tlieui sewinj midline experts; who, 1 being approved by tho ofllecrs of the I'Vir, warj oppcintetl Jt'.dges, as will bo seen by the Olllcial Certilicate bolow. Eetore entering upon the trial, th folio ying programme tor conducting it wai mutually agreed upon between tho coutnutanU, and' adopted by the ludges: Each party was to pre-1 pare and submit to tho ludGtas a list ot tho several points of merit on account of which superiority was claimed. These points wero t bo separately considered, thoroughly Investi gated, and practically tosted, by w ork done then and there, uion each of the maehiue?; and then decided In lavor of the machine which was adjudged to excel on that "point.": It was also agreed that each party should ba at liberty to expo.se defects in tho competing machine, and have the rigut to call for hsts to prove the came. Finally, It was agreed that the machino which, at tbe conclusion ot ihe-trlal, should be found to have the greatest number of those "points" de cided in its favor, should be declared the "Bbst Sewino Machine," and awarded the "First rBEMlTJM." Tbe Agents of the Wlllcox & Gibbi Machine were assisted by Mr. 15attey, one of the Com pany's General Agent, a Manager at the trial; and the Agents ol the Florence Machiac by Mr. Tucker, one ol the best Sewing Mac&ino experts in- the country, in the same capacity. Mr. Tucker was 1 orderly connected with the Flo rence Manutadory, as an Adjuster of the ma chines, and was probably as competent to repre sent Ihetr machine efficiently, both in working it, and In advocating its claims, as any person connected with that efdablisntneut. Tho result of the tiiul was that Willcox & Gibbs won the victory and the prize by the extraordinary supe riority ol thirty-fivt points, decided in It favor, Of-'alubl two points in favor ot the Florence. Full notes were taken of the trial, including the practical tests made, tho discussion elicited, and the fact developed. A few of the most important of these notes will be found into upersed in the two "Lint of roinfcj," each Nota immediately lollowmjf the Point to which it rejates with the Decision of theJudgejln italics between the Point and tho Note. ItErORT OF THE JUDGES. To the Officers of the Union FainVfe, tho undersigned, appointed a (special Committee to inspect the merits of the seveial Sewins; Mn comes entered for Premiums, wo aid reipect lully report: That two Machine were entered the Wdlcox it Gibbs and the Florence Sewing Machines. In prosecuting the examination, It was screed by the. Agents repreeuung the two Machines to render to .Your Committee, in witiirg, ' the peculiar points on whioh they based their claim ol ttipiTioriiy, and in testing the machines each point was 10 be taken separately, and after a fair trial, bdludged to the best ol our ab.l'ty. Kttcu Aueiit presented their claims iu due form, copies ot which will be found below. For the Willcox & Gibrs Machine, thirti-flee distinct claims were made lor its superiority, all of wh'ch were austalned. Whereas for the Florence- Machine, but ten were presented, two of whieh were sustained. A'ter a thorough and Impartial trial, your Committee have decided to award to tbo will cox & GiDbs Machino tbe First Prrmiom, on the ground of lbs excelling in the greatest number ot points presented. To the Florenoe Machino, for having the ad van t ago ot a "rever sible Icod," and usinr tho leist thread, we award the Fecund Premium. September 22, 1805. Stdnet P. Tuckrr, ) , V . L. C. CnssfPNEY. Judges. Joseph WnEELoci:, ) List of Points In which Snpeilority was ' Claimed tor tbe Florence Machine. 1. A reversible feed. This claim was sustained. Notc The capacity of revprslng tbe feel was decided to be an advantage, but not to the extent claimed; the alleged advantage in tav.pning olT a scam being considered by the Judges invalid, as neainut the Wllicox & G bba Machine, which fastens otf its own eam quite ns eil'ccu-illy and more neatly, without any extra labor, or any rare, and without any special dovico lor that purpose. 2. It makes four dlfloront sritohe's. Cairn oj superiority not sustained. Notf. After a very thorough trial on this point, it was decided that neither of these four i-titcbes is as good, tor general purposes, as the "twisted loop stitch" ot tho Wllicox and Gibbs. It was urged, in support of this claim, that the extra stitches are useful in certain kinds of work, where greater elasticity is required. But it was the onluion of the in tires that tbe a 1 van tage thus)gaiued was not sufficient to compensate I or mo resulting complication or tue machine; while it was proved, bv positive tests, that the "Will -ox and Gibbs stitch" whicb is always more platlic tuauthe "lock stick" mav bo made more el irtc than ext'icr of their stitche3. by sim ply shortening it, more or less, accord. ng to the degrte of elasticity required, 3. It works from thick to thin fabrics, or over an uneven surlace, without missing etitches, and without chance of tension, needle, or stilch. Claim tf tuj erionfy not sustained, KriE. The trial test upon this claim was si ort, but decisive. The Y ilicox & Gibbs Agent tool; a pieoe of Hue heavy linen, and folded U double, with a small roll of the samo material, of twelve thicknesses, placed between the two folds; and tewed across the whol, at right angles w ith the rilae lorraed by tho roll, tbus passing from two. over four ten thicknesses of tbe poodp, repealing itseveral times, and then handed it to the Florence Agent, who, on the second attempt, succeeded in sowing across the same. Aeain, the Willcox it Gibbs Agent folded the pincc so as to do . bio the ridgo ovor longch-wL-e upon itself, and without any difliculty sewed from tho four thicknesses over the twenty elaht, and buck acain; but the Floreuco Agent;. n again a-tempting to "follow copy," broke h" needle the morcoLt it Mruck the ridge, and abnnconed any tuither ctlort to sustain tats claim. j 4. Iho advantage of a double thread, a in all shuttle machines. Claim of superiority not sus tained 1 Note. This claim cave ri-e to a protracted and teverely contjsied trial, the result of wnich was, au unanimous decision ol the ludcos t'aat the "advantage" is not ou the Mdo of a "do tble thread," but on that of a "si'iglo thread" as used by the Willcox ft Gibbs machine.. , 6. It will do a greater range and variety of workjtha'i any other machiao, being used for shirt and collar making both in Albany and Tioy; al.o for tailors work. It will hem (narrof and wide), tuck, fell, bind, stitch, quilt, gather, and sew on (or "pair"), and will do auytlilng that can bo done on any other machln", except embroidery; it. can also do ornamentul siilching. Claim of svpertonly not sustained. J Note. In the trial upon this cltlru, it was shown, to the satisfaction ot tho judges, that the Willcox and Gibbs macniae will do quite as great "a range and variitv of ivork" as tho Florence; while tho quality ot tho work done upon the former "was pronounced decidedly superior to that 01 the work douc oa the latt-r. I Luriua this test one of the iudoes called atten tion 10 tho tact that the patching of tho Flo?viiea machine was much soiled with oil a defect which he had coticcd, he said, in all tho woric 1J0.10 oa that machine th'.is Iar during tho trial. This betug regarded bv Ihe judges as a serious delect, espe cially in nil kinds of work upon lotute eoods, coi,fi(leruble time was spent in the effort to ascei tain tho cause. The investigation resultnd in a conclusion that the delect was owing to a cause inherent in the machine itself. C. It has a self-adjusting tension on the under thread; the ttitch is alike on both sldos. Claim of superiority not sustained. Note. There being no other double-thread machine in competition, thLi claim was impro perly Tuaao since there could be no advantage over the Willcox and Gibbs machine in tho self adjusting character of a teusion which the Will cox and Gibba neither had nor re qiiTud. It was therefore decided that whether their undor-ten-sion be self adjusting or not, their claim of supe ricnly on this t'Oint was not sustained. Morei over, it did not appear from the tests mado that said tension is reliably uuilorm. but that it re- quires attention; and hence the stitch is not uniformly alike on botn sides, bat more or lesi variable; being geneially the fairest on the upper side. ' .... j ' 7. Tho stitches will not riD if ono is broken or wornoll; yet it can be taken out, in case a mis take is made in plac'ncr the fabric. C.aim of superiority not sustained. j Note. A variety of tests were made on thid point, each terminating in the same result, and provinar conclusively that tho Florence seani will "rip tf a stitch is broken" and much mori easily than than ihe Willco & Gibbs; and that it is not so easily "taken out" wliea desired. j 8. It uses lees thread than other machines.! Claim sustained. I Note. This claim was not tested, the Atroati 01 the Willcox, & Gibbs niaehiue conceding it.l At the fume time he remarked that tho peculiar! wording ot this claim was all taat saved it; lor, it it had been claimed that the Flor?nca con sumed ICS'S thread thuu tho Willcox & Cibbs, instead ot "ined" less, they could not have sus-i tained ti e clat't, it being a fact, as he claimed, that while the Florence tiws less thread in the) seam, it wastes still more at the en-la of tho SChlU. . 0. The DKiiiiHi in which the threads are drawn' wh-u musing tho stitch; no dependence beinai placed upon wire coils; every motion being pobilive, and the stitch certainly and securely drawn tij?ht. Ctain of superiority not sus tained, j j Nom Tho decision of the Judges on this; claim wn, that the Florence has 110 advantage over the Willcox and Gi'ily in eith.tr of th' point a num-xl. , 10. Tho Floienpc U as ra-dly managed a anyj machine in tbe world. : Cairn of superiority w-itj wslained. . , , , . -!.' Notr. The Rbuiirdlty of this claim had bo;i; already so thoroughly manifested, that no te-t. was oiiertd or required. ' V ! List ol rcints on which Supoilftiiry was Claimed in r tbe Willcox & Gibbs Machine. 1. It is the simplest. Claim sustained, ( j 2. It is the least liable to get out of ordev. Sustained, ', ; .. . ' ' '3. It is the bost made machine; every part; being an exact duplicate which is not the oa-.; with the Florence. Sustained, . 1 4. It is tho chcapcEt. Stistalnet, ;' 6. It rups the stillest.. Sus'ajutd. M 6. It nut tho eaeles. &uslaiiuL :, 1 v 7. dt runs the fwtust. .imiuusd. ' . 8. It has thaliest device to prevent the whe.-l runnluir backward. Claim sustairoed. Notr. The Florence machine baa no such I cev.ee, - 9. It requires less mechanical skill t operate it. Sustained, 10. It requires leas time and instruction to learn to use it. Sustained. 11. It is the most certain and reliable In opera tion. Sustained. Nom It is fact worthy of remark, that duringthe entire trial which continued without intcrmistdon lor early seven hours not a stitch was missed, nor tbo thread once broken, nor a needle broken or bent, by the Willrox A Gibbs machine. No kind of work was attempted to be done on it that was not accomplished, an l done in aperlcct and workmanlike manner; anil no effort was made on it that was not entirely surceFBlul; while neither of these statements can be truly made In lavor of the Florence. 12. Its needle is the shortest. Sustained. 13. The needle Is also straight and less liable to be broken than one eurocd Itse the Florence. Sustained. 14. It is bevelled, and therefore stronger than one with a small shack, like the Florence. Sus tained. 15. The noodle Is secured In it place by a paten ted dovico, which renders it self-adjusting, so that neither skill nor experience is necessary In set ting it It is not so with the Florence. Sus tained, Note. This claim was fully conceded by the Florence Agents, so far ns relates to tho capaelty ot the Willcox and Gibbs machine. But they claiming that the Florence niacniue has the self-adjusting capaeity of the needle, also, and a fpht be ine culled tor, ft needle was set in the Florence machine, without, the usual adjustment of its point alter sett ma It; and on attempting to eew with it, the needle was broken at tho first stitch. Another needle was then sot, with a similar result. 16. It uses but one thread, and thus avoids the necessity of complicated machinery, which is required for two threads, as in th: Florence. Sustained. 17. It sews directly from tho spool, thus making it necessary to rewind the thread and adjust it in the shuttle. Swtained.' 18. It makes (he "Willoox & Gibbs," or "twisted toop-8tilch"& stitch original with tbis machine, and made by no other which, for goneral pur poses, is superlar to either mado by the Florence Sustained. Note. The trial upon this claim was very thorough, and the practical tests minute aud accurate. Kacb machino was requirod to uso thread trom the same spool, mako the stitch of tho same length, and perioral the test-work on the same piece ot goods, with the lines ot e wuu side by tioe. The results were all decisive, and in crcr'u tost in fivor of the Willcox. & Gibbs machine. ' . , 19. Its scam has the peculiar advantage of being readily takn out when it is desirable, while it is les? liable to rip, in use or wear, than the lock-stitdi. Sustained. Note. This claim was also vry , severely tested in the same manner as the last, and with equally positive results all in favor o; the Will cox & Gibbs machine. ' 20. Tbe scam is more elastic and stronger than tho lock-stitch. Sustained. 21. The seam is also the most even aud bear, tilul. Sustaine.di ' ' 22. The seam is always i'f-fastened, thus avoiding1 the necessity of a "reversible teed,'' or any other complicated device for that pur" pose. Sustained. 23. Its tei fion is more simple and more easily adjusted. Svslrined. 24. It will do a irreatcr variety of worlt than the Florence can do, in equal prloction. Sus tained. 25. The machine is more easily aud speedily charged Jrom one kind of work to another. Sustained. ' 28. Mere work can be done wiih It in a given lime than with the Florence. Sustained. 27. It cocs beautllul embroidery, which tho Florence can not do. Suslxhud. , 28. It has a shield to the wheel, which the Florence has not. Sustained. . 29. Tho needle being carried in a perpendicu lar bar, it has important advantages over ma chines with curved needles attached directly to tbo needle-arm, as in the Florence ono of which is its non-liability to derangement from alterna tions of temperature. Sustained. 30. In consequence of the shorter sweep of the needle, there la much less wear ot tho thread (rem its vibrating through the needle's eye in the act ot sewing. Sustained. 31. A smaller needle can be used with the same size ot thread, which adds to the strength and beauty of tho seam, especially on linea or othir nard goods. Sustained. 32. It has the best b em mors. Sustaincl. 33. It has the bent feller. ' HuslainPd. 34. It has the best braider. Sustained. 35. It has the best belt. Sustained. Note. The advantages claimed for tke wjn: cox and Gibbs belt consist in its non-liabi'ity to git out of order, and the fucllity with which it can be shortened when necessary. It was shown that tbe Hut belt is very liable, on a sewing machine, by the unequal stretching of its two edges, to got out of adjustment, so as to run to one sioe ot the pulley, causing the machine to run Leavlly; diliiculty to which the round belt is never liable, siuce, as it runs iu a groove, it is irnpcsfcible lor it to get out ot place. , Additional Notes. The Agents of tho Will cox and Gibbs Machino here stated that they hve also a Quilter, aConler; and ft Tucker, each of' them, ns they claim, superior to any others: but these attachments not beiug present, they could, of courue, uiuke uo claims on account of them at this trial. 1 In regard to the decision of tho Judges upon the several points, it may, in general terms, be remarkid that, during the entire trial, there was Bcurcely an instance ot d'Ueicuce of opinion as, indeed, it wa hardly passible there could bo; lor the plan adopte 1 was itnelf a surety both of unanimity and a iut decis on; tho latter being, in such a plan, neither more nor less than the practical solution ot a uia.bematical probiom. For, L.y dividing up the respective merits of each machine into its simplest elements or "points," and subjecting each point separately to the test 01 practical work diue on each machine in presence 01 the judges, their decision upon each point is red.iced to too simple act of record ing tbe facts developed, lp.r lm-tniP! piteli eontestdnt r.ltilma thr mrwr. elastic Ftitch. Then each is required to sew a' uniin. at'ln Vvo a! ( Att iYitk 0 if O idann r. f ln.. tic soode;nn4 the judge taices tho piece, and etretcbt'B it lcnctliwUe of the seams, till one seam breaks; he still oont nuei the stretching,! but the other seam refuses to Dreafc at all. How ever di. appointed his expectations, that tudire will hardly enter ou the record that the broken seam is tho most elastic. Again, each party claims that his stitch is tho leat liable to rip by the ordinary strain upon the seam ol a garment in use. The to requires a row of parallel stitching to be made by each machine, lengthwise, scioss a narrow strip of two ibit'knetiscF of imiiliu; and tnia strip U then cut itcrotH at every halt an inch, malt in? it Into smaller sttips, each as long as tho width of ihe original pice1. Each ludire Mkei one of theso t trail strips, and opening tho folds 00 the "lock stitih" bWIe, pulls 011 the ends in opposite direc tion?, ai'd Die loek-stiten seam nos out The lolds beluur thus openpd to the Willcox & Glbbi sea 111. he continues pulling, but this seam refuses to rip. He pulls stronger, but this only tltrh'eus the Mitch: the material gives way, but the scam holds fast. Tb dechdon of fbe Judge. thoKrfr ft may oe navf itb to ins pmriatcc, will ot ftftces sitv b in ftccordanee with tlie facw. Again, ch A (rent claims suneriornr in thtt facility with which they can sew across seams. or other oneven surfaces. The test is made; and the Florence Agent In vaia t tens pi, to pass over ft scam which the Willcox A Gibbs Machine has crossed and recrossed without difficulty- brchks his needle tbe moment it strike ihe seHm. Of course, no judea can be found to oectrjp, in sucu ft case, in favor of th broken down machine. Such were the tests ftnA such the inevitable decisions on those poin'n: and such also- wm tha cbamcfer of all the other tests, aud their re st ective results, throughout the whole course of this unexampled trial; ft trial which, as It is tha first ever held on so ins; machines in this country, if riot lathe world, at which any attempt has bee made to conduct the process on a purely practi cal and sclea .ltlc plan, can not tall, it Is oettered. to exert a bcucUcial influence on mttire trials of this kind; for, with this example before them, the managers of our State and National ilrs can not long tail to recognizo the necessity of system, practieal test, and trioiitidr accuiacv, ai well in the trial f a machine for universal household ue. as in that ot nloueh. mowers, and other implements of hushnnitrv. Official Ceitlficate. I This certifies that the Union Fair, held at Island Faik. in the county ot Albany, la tha month ot September, 106', was cstaollshed b the joint eflofs of tbo "Albany County Aanoufr tural Bocietv," and the "Konsselaer County Agri cultural and Manufacturers' 8ocicty." That only two kinds ot Sewing Machines wero ' enU-itd tor premium at said Union Fan; and that one kind was called the Florence 80 Ine Machine, and the other kind was called the Will cox & Gibbs Be wing Machine. I 'lhat bj some error in compiling the "pre-mium-listt" tor said Fair, Sewing Machines were classified under "Farm implements." and com plaint thereof was made to the officers of said Fair, who Immediately withdrew Sewing Machines from the examination of the Judges on Farm Implements, and decided upon ih appointment 01 Special Judges, and determined to Dei m it tho acent of each kind of bowing Machines entered for premium to select one jndge. and to empower the Ju iees thus chose to select ft third Judge. Whereupsn Mr. Clarence W. Waters, 01 Troy, N. Y., oIalm,d t be one of the agents of the Florence Maohin interests, and as such agent reported to said officers that he had chosen Mr. Sydney I). Tucker for judge. Dr. N. 1). Boss, of Troy, N. Y.. clalmod to be one ol the agents ol the Willcox & Gibbs Machine interests, and as such agent reported t3 said officers that be had chosen Mr. Joseph Whee lock as judge; and Messrs. Tucker ana Wheelock, with the content and approval ot said agents, and in presence of said otlicers, selected Mr. L. C. Chauipney as the third judge; aud said officers appointed said Tucker Chairman of sai.1 Com nil' tee of Judges, and theso judges made a writ ten repert to said officers, and awarded tho First 1 bemicm to the Willcox & Gibbs Sewing Machine, aud the Second Premium to tbe Florence Sewing Machine: and no awards were authorized or made for 8owir g Macbinet at said Fair except those rerorted by Messrs. Tucker, Champney, and Wheelock, as a 'oresaid. In tebtimonv ot the foregoing facts, the un dersigned, Secretary of the Albany County Agri cultural tiocie'y, oos hereunto subscribed hia name, ana caused tue seal ot said Society to be affixed, this fourth day of January, A. L. 18C6. J. M. Bailst, 1 Secretary Albany Co. Ag'l Society. In witnes wt the facts stated in the foregoing certificate, I Lave hereunto subscribed my name, and caused the seal ot the "Kensselaer Ccuuty Agricultural and Manufacturers' 8 icltty" to bo hereto affixed tbis second dav of January. A. 1). 1S66. Chables A.-Mott, . Secretary P.enssclacr Co. Ag'l and Man. Soc, 6TATEMENT OK MB. TCCKEIt. Tnov, N. Y., January 3, 1866. Mr. James Wlli cox Sir: In replv to inquiries mado of me rest ect ng my connects n witft tbe Florence dewing Machine Manuiuctory, and the character ot my eiigngt'tncni there, I would here state that in the month ol September, 1803, 1 was employed by that Couipiinv, at an advanced salary, to not as Inspector 01 the aiuerent parts of their ma chines; and at, that time, tbe necessary prpira tiens tor Iho inspection ot work not being com pleted, I turned mv band to adjusting the ma chines, which had been a familiar occupation to me dur ng tbe eitiht years previous I continued in that branch ot the business for more than three roonth, became thorousrhly acquainted, and I must say not a little prejudiced in its lavdr, so far as some ot its '.catures were concerned. ' At the Albany and Kensselaer Counties' Union Fair, I served on a Committee to adjudge the merits of Sewing- Machines the contest being between the Willcox & Gibbs and Florence ma chines. I was selected by my friend, the o;eat ot tha Florence Company, to assist in conduct- iug the trill 01 their midline, which, regardless of my stmpathios with it, I endeavored to do in an impartial manner. The trial resulting greatly In lavor of the Willcox & Gibbs Machine, it was awarded tho First Fremiuni. I think a similar decision could Lot tail to be made luthe minds of practical men on any thorough trial of the above machines. S. D. Tusker REMARKS. This rernaikablo trial can not fail, through the facts developed by it, to bo productive of important remits. It has raised the veil aiid exposed to public view the true character of the opposition, who will no longer be able to de ceive tho public by misrepresenting the char acter sad merits of the Willcox It Gibbs machine. 1 By this trial more thorough than any of the kind ever previously attempted a trial before an able and impartial jury, the justice of whose verdict none can dispute it has been proved, decided, and published to the world that the Willcox & Gibbs machine is just what it has been claimed to be an improvement on double ttread machines. The relative merits of tbe two kinds f stitohes mado by these two classes of machines were there subjected to the most rigid tests, by work done upon each machine, ou the same piooe ot goods, and with thread Irom the same spool; and the result wa an unanimous decision that the "Wllicox in Gibbs," or "twisted loop" stitch, instead id being less reliable than the "iock" stitch, as iepii's-nted by its ooponents, is even more to; that while it may be ravellod by a cor tain process, when necessary, it is less liable to rip than that stitch, iu ue or wear. In order to appreciate lully tho importance of this trial. It is necessary to consider some of the peculiar circniu'tanccs connected wilh the early history of th' Willcox & Gibbs machine, aud its relation to other leadin? kinds; ull which, it is well known, are of the double-thread class. Frevioisly to the introduction of this machine the country had become so flooded with cheap and worthies' ones, and the public mind so generally prejudiced in favor of the high-priced double-thread machines, that most people were prepared to accept as truth the teaching of thosa interested in the latter class, without question; and since many of those cheap machines were single-thread ones, It was no difficult task to edu cate tbe public luto the belief that alt single thread machines, as well as all cheap ones, wero necessarily worthless. And so faithfully was that task performed, that the double-thread In terest was thereby enabled to acquire and for a time t maintain a mononly, and to keep their prtcei up to a point which forbid the useot sewing-muchines to thousands ot persons of that cla;s who most need theni, but are leoet ablo to buv. It was at this period, end with a view to sup ply a great pnblio need, by the production of a simpler and b-tter, as well as cheaper machine, lhat the Willcox & Gibbs nas invented aud placed before the public The double-thread trsternlty, perceiving ita great merit, very naturnlly became alarmed A. rival so danpeious to them all was not to be dis regarded. With the exception of merit, tne a-1-vantage was H on their tdde. Each had their thontauds of uceuls scattered over the country who would open the mouth at their b.d ilu' while the Willcox & Gihb, with here and there ft solitary enoeption. an yet had none. The word was eiven, and the key-note sounded, "A slnele thrcud l" "A sing thread !" and tenthousaui agents' voices echoed, "A single thread 1"
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