pi on WJ TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM,? HALF-YEARLY IN ADVANCE. 5 AND FARMERS' AND r.lEGIiANIGS1 AGISTER. i IF NOT PAID WfTIIIN TIIR YEAR, $ 50 WILL BE CHARGED. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY JONATHAN ROW, SOMERSET, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA. New Series. TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1846, Vol, 4. No. 38. uuu 23acjcloro. As lone clouds in Autumn eves, As a tree without its leaves. As a shirt without its sleeves Such arc bachelors. ' As a creature of another sphere, As things that have no business here, As inconsistencies 'tis clear. Such are bachelors. "When loas souls in fabled powers, As beings bourn for happier hours, As butterflies on favored flowers, Such are married men. Faom the Pittsburgh Gazette. THE NEST0RL1NS. Professor Stowe, of Cincinati, delivered an address on Sunday evening, July 12, at New York, upon the history and : character of the Nestorians; and as the l subject is one of very general interest, and c'osely connected with present events of decided importance, our readers will peruse with pleasure a brief outline of the historial sketch given on that occasion, which we take from the Courier and En quirer. Nestorius, the founder of the sect,was a Christian preacher at Antioch, and in the year 428 was made Bishop of Constanti nople by the Emperor Theodosius. lie was a very zealous advocate of the doc trines he embraced; and soon rendered himself abnoxious to certain persons who accused him of upholding heresies, a mong which they specified, 1. the doc trine tha Mary should not be worshipped as the mother of God; 2, that Christ suf fered, died and rose in his human nature only; and 3, that celibacy should not be required of the clergy. The accusation excited great commotion, and Cyril, the Bishop of Alexandria, came forward as his principal accuser. The Emperor summoned a council at Ephasus in 431 to try the case; many of the friends of Tsestonus were prevented Irom attending at the opening of the Council, and his enemies had it all their own way. His friends, upon their arrival, called an op posing Council: but after some wavering the Emperor sided with the original Council, and sanctioned the condemna tion of Nestorius, who was deposed, im prisoned and finally banished to Egypt where he died. Luther was the first to defend Nestorius, and he referred to this transaction, in his book on Councils, as a proof that Councils, are not infallible. The followers of Nestorius separated and formed themselves into a distinct re ligious community They adopted a simple mode of worship and gave their attention to the missionary work in the East, beyond the bounds of the Roman Empire. The centre of their operations was in the upper valley of the Tigris and Euphrates, where Mosul now stands. Before the year 500 all the Christian churches of Persia and the East had be come connected with them in these labors; but of their results all authentic record is lost. In 500 their missionary field ex tended from India on the South to Samar cand on the North, and to Cashgar on the East; and in 025 they had penetrated even to the heart of China. In 1G25 a marble tablet was dug up m one of the provinces ot China, upon which were a varittv of inscriptions. It was slated that tfrS missionaries had arrived there in fi3f that they suffered two persecutions, in COO and 713 that after this, new mis ionarics arrived, and then follows the date of ihc monument itself, 782. A full account of this very remarkable tablet may lie found in the work of Professor Ritlcr. Timothy, who was Patriarch of the Nestorians from 778 to 820, devoted him self to the missionary works in the East Indies and in China. Two missionaries were ordained and penetrated far to the East and South, and made many converts. It soon became necessary to have a third, and as it required three bishops to ordain, they made the Bible take the place of the third and so completed the ceremony; their proceedings received the entire sanc tion of their Patriarch. When the Mahometans carried their military conquests into the heart of Asia, many of the Nestorians accompanied them as scribes, surgeons, &c, and took occasion thus to spread the knowledge of Christianity. In 1012 the King of the Caryitcs, on the west of China, the cele brated Prester John, became lost in the snow and was saved by a Nestorian, on condition that he should become a Chris tian. He did so and about 200,000 of his subjects followed his example. They enjoyed about two centuries of peace, when in 1212 they were attacked by the famous Ghcngis Khan, who destroyed the whole of the royal family except one daughter, whom his son married, . and M ho continued faithful to her religion. The successor to the throne, through her influences became a Christian. '.This Western Empire soon became the obi net of the ambition of the Church oi Rtiiiip. In 1215 Father Assellin with two other inmks, travelled and labored e zcalocsly anion" then, but withput success. The officers of the great Khan j were highly indignant that the Pope ' should claim superior authority to that of their master. Father Karpini renewed the attempt, but with no better success. Some fifty years afterwards, however, a monk succeeded in procuring from the reigning Prince George, submission to the Pope. His son was baptized, and a large portion of his people likewise em braced the Romish faith. In 1299, George dying, his son returned to the Nestorian faith and the nation followed him. Marco Palo travelled through the whole of Central Asia, and met whole commu nities of these Nestorian Christians, and his descriptions of them are highly inter esting. Their field of labor was , 5000 miles in length, and 2500 in breadth, and they flourished for about 800years. Their first check was from Ghengis Khan, and afterwards, in the 14th century, they were almost extinguished by the grest conqueror Tamerlane. Yet even to this day the ideas and sentiments of their ear ly faith survive among them, and may be traced in many of their customs and modes of worship. This is fully certified by intelligent travellers to be the case in Thibet and Tartary. The chiet fault of the Nestorian Churches was an ambition to multiply their converts, yet they uni formly and constantly regarded the Bible as their rule of faith and practice. In 1497 the Portuguese landed on the coast of Malabar, and were astonished to find there a Christian Chuch having a regular clergy, a simple worship, the scriptures entire, and without connection with any other church except that of the Nestorians of Persia. They regarded Antioch as the metropolitan city of the Western world, and traced their origin to St. Thomas, who labored among them, suffered martyrdom at a place called after him, and lying a little south of Madras. References are made in authentic ecclesi astical histories, as early as 650 to these churches; and in the 9th century, Alfred, King of England, sent an embassy to es tablish friendly relations with them. They were visited by Marco Palo in the 13th century. They were evidently a branch of the Nestorian church. They had, when the Portuguese landed, 200 churches, and over 200,000 communi cants, and were at war with the surround ing heathen nations.. They welcomed the Portuguese as allies, but the latter soon rendered themselves more terrible foes than the heathen, for they establish ed the inquisition, ordered them to give up their Bible, commanded a change of their liturgy, and by fraud and intrigue brought about half of them to subjection. In 1550, Mar Joseph, a Bishop, was sent in chains to Lisbon, "condemned and m banished to Rome, where he died. The inquisition of Goa was kept busy, and thousands were burned for maintaining doctrines now universally evangelical. regarded as In 1805, the inquisition was abolished. In 1800, Claudius Buchanan visited them, under the protection of the British Gov ernment. Bishop Heber subsequently found them in great difficulty from at tempts that were made to force them into connection with the Greek Church; but it is hoped that, under the exertions of his successor, Bishop Wilson,' they may a gain find peace. The Nestorians of the Plain of Ooroomiah, are the remains of the origin al Nestorian Christians. The first Eu ropean who visited them was Sir Robert Ker Porter, in 1819; in 1831 they were vistcd by Drs. Grant and Rev. Eli Smith, and a (German Missionary from Basle. Dr. Grant found that the Mahomedan Masque in Ooroomiah was an ancient Nestorian church. In all the surrounding villages he found churches glad to receive instruction. An American mission has been established there. They live under the Persian government by which they are severely oppressed. Tne Nestorians at the Mountains, orig inally lived in the plain, and retired to preserve their independence, which they have always done. They retired at a very early period and were attacked by Tamerlane, but; without success. They always recognised the Christians of Mala bar as their brethren. The efforts of the Papal Church to bring them under its dominion have been incessant and the French Consul at Bagdad, who is a Papal Bishop, has used all his influence either to accomplish that object or secure their destruction. Dr. Grant was the first fnreigner who had succeeded in visiting them. He was about to establish a mis sion there, but the envoy of Rome excited the surrounding savages to massacre them which was done three or four years since. In 1770 their number was estimated at 100,000; modern estimate fix it at about 70,000. The language is like the He brew, and from this circuiristance Dr. Grant supposed them to be the ten lost tribes. But this seems improbable; and the fact of the similarity- between their language and the Hebrew, is explained by the fact that both conic from the Syriac. " ; . ' ; - Therp is at present a great revi val among the Nestorians of the Plain, and it has extended to the remnants. of those in the Mountains. . li i. - cial attention and interest among the clergy and educated classes, and great hopes are entertained that this ancient Christian people may again become the missionary heralds of the eastern world. From the Pittsburgh Gazette. "1TE AUi:i. A TIGHT PUCE." One of the administration "Doctors" at Washington, thus sketches off the criti cal state of affairs of the party in a letter, under date of Washington, July 14. We are in a critical state. Never more so. The schedule of the administration measures are three sheets in the wind, viz: the warehouse, the tariff, and the reduction bills. We are in a tight place -we are in a bad box we are in a di lemma we are in a difficulty we are in trepidation; in short, as a member de clared to-day in our presence, "We are in the d dest sort of a difficulty" if the reader will excuse the expletive. First of all, there is the land bill. The House have whittled it all away. The Senate will not concur in the amendment. Mr. Calhoun says he never can consent to it. It is inadequate it won't do it'is insufficient it is a poor apology, and he won't have it. The chances are, there fore, that that bill is lost. Secondly, there is the warehousing bill. It will probably pass as it is. Goods to be stored one year a bond to be re quired for the duties, in double the amount of the goods in store. Did you ever hear of any thing so pre-eminently redic ulous so egregiouslv absurd? The ad vantages calculated from the bill are eviserated, cauterized, null and void it is not the bill of the administration it is not Mr. Walker's bill, nor Mr. Dix's bill, nor Mr. Calhoon's bill it is J. M. Clayton's bill it is John Davis's bill it is Huntington's bill it is a whig bill, forced upon a Democratic Senate, through inevitable circumstances. We are corner ed, headed, circumvented at every turn we are in great tribulation wc are sur rounded as old Zack was by the Mexi cans. Wc are in the chaparals -supplies cut off mutiny in the camp our munitions expended, and on short allow ance. In the third place Hear oh ! ye peo ple in the third place. We speak like St. Paul, as one having authority; we claim the function apostolical; we speak with tears in our eyes. We have lost Cameron, and Sturgeon, and Niles. They arc gone over. They are inevita bly in the ranks of the enemy." They are against us. Cold Iron; , Ah me what perils do environ, The man who meddles with cold iron." Hudibras said so. We say so. Camer on says so. Sturgeon springs ten feet out of the water and says so. Hurrah for Sturgeon ! But what does Old Bul lion sav, " Angels and ministers of grace." What docs old Bullion say! He says nothing. lie is anxiously, forebodingly, dubiously, inexplicably quiescent. He say nothing. He looks on. Now are you satisfied! Wc think not. The ques tion is, where is he! Is he forthcoming! Is he thar! or is he nou-comc-at-ibus in swampo? A distinguished gentleman from Missouri informs us to-night that he is not thar. And further that a dead set may be looked for from old Bullion a gainst the tariff bill from the House. Mr. Benton goes for a free importation of salt. He is supposed to have been at the bot tom of Mr. Hungerferd's bill, notwith standing;, though we think not. One thing is certain. He is the main stay of Mr. Van Buren. He is hot given up. The new tariff bill does give him up, and New York also It puts Polk and Dal las, Walker and Calhoun, in the front rank. It uses up New York. Policy, however, may work a compromise. Let us wait a week. This is the third per plexity. And we have a fourth. We have 'em all in a lump, like the troubles of an old woman. We are verily in a peck of trouble. The Lord help us ! Fourthly, Mr. Calhoun's Mississippi bill was laid out to-day in the House, a little colder than cold iron as cold as charity. It was rejected with something of scorn. The presidency was peeping through it, and it was laid out. Here we are then. Burnt brandy and feathers will not avail us. We have stumbled among the cold iron. We are now translating the Kane letter. Pennsylvania adheres to her co nstruclion, and she is ruled out. She is implacable. The whole system of the administration depends upon the Kane letter. We must send for John K. Kane. Wc want him badly. All might be set to rights if we had but the true analyses of the Kane letter. We are in a bad way. We must have a habeas corpus for the corporal body of JohnK. Kane. Father Ritchie can't make it out. The doctrines of '98 and '99 will not apply to cold iron. They are silent upon , the subicct of castings and trace chains." As the warehouse bill now stands, Mr. Walker will lose his million and a' half revenue every cent of it. : As the land reduction now stands, he will fall short of his half million by at least half a million as the tariff bill now stands, there is a glimmering of a possibility, very faint, but still a glimmering, that his schedules, schedule E included, will all be demolish ed, and that we shall break up, disinteg rate, fly assunder, and explode in a mis cellaneous row. And here we leave you till to-morrow morning. Sorrowfully, THE DOCTOR. CONGRESS. Saturday, July 18, 1816. IN SENATE. The following memorials and petitions were presented and appropriately confer red: -'' By Mr. CAMERON: From the mi ners and others of Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, asking that the duty on coal may not be reduced. Also, three several memorials from cit izens of the same county, asking that the tariff may not be disturbed. Also, the proceedings of a meeting of Democratic citizens of Pennsylvania, ex pressing their opposition to the bill for reducing the duties on imports, and re questing the Senators from that State to use all honorable means to defeat its pas sage. In presenting the latter document, Mr. Cameron said that the panic of which honorable Senators spoke the other day had commenced, and was spreading into every part of that Commonwealth. But this was no Whig panic. It was a Dem ocratic panic. The county in which this meeting was held is a Democratic coun ty. It gives about 2,500 votes, and a ma jority to the Democratic party, in great contests, of near 1,200. Northampton county, another decided Democratic coun ty, was here protesting against the pas sage of the tariff bill. These people, these Democrats, feared that its passage would destroy their business, prostrate the Democratic party, and beggar their families. Such fears might cause a pan ic with the honest and best. Good "old Berks" is here also by a representation of her sons. That county is the strong hold of Democracy. Of her 10,000 votes, she gives often a Democratic majority of 4,000. Her citizens are a steady industri ous people who are not easily excited. They are generally agriculturists, who are content with their peaceful employ ment, and whose industry and frugality have made them rich. No common dan ger would alarm her; but, situated as she is on the virgc of the great coal field of Pennsylvania, she has daily evidences of the comfort and happiness its mines dis pense among the laborers and mechanics of the country round about, and of the wealth which it has sent among them in exchange for the products of their farms. No one can charge them with aiding in a a "Whig panic." Their democracy is un doubted and beyond reproach. It is known throughout the Union, and thrice has it saved the Democratic party of the Union. Her sons come here not to create a panic, but tospeak with Democrats in the Senate; and in other high places, as Democrats may speak to those whom by their votes they have elevated. To tell them how this new principle in legislation will affect their interests, and to get Democrats here to pause before they ruin our great State, and take from our laboring people, who cannot come here, their employment, and from their families their bread. Such a panic as the passage of the bill will cre ate would, he repeated, be no "Whig pan ic." He said that he had heard, in a re cent discussion, remarks in favor of the claims of Tennessee for money due her citizens. The claims of Massachu setts had also been spoken of, and claims due Georgia and New Hamp shire had been urged, and some of them paid. Pennsylvania he was proud to say, had no claims upon the Treasury of the Union; she asked for no help from the Treasury; she was willing to work for her living, and asked only to be let alone; to be left to the enjoyment of her own rights and of her own industry. He de sired that the proceedings might be read, so that the democratic members of that body might hear what Democratic Penn sylvania had to say upon this subject. The following is the main purport of the proceedings: The annual message of President Polk to Congress was read with chagrin and as tonishment. It avowed doctrines in di rect opposition to those published in his letter to Mr. Kane It counselled a pol icy which, if carried out by Congress, would strike down home industry and take away all protection from our domes tic products. It was still hoped, howev er, that the practical wisdom of Congress would triumph over the untried theory of the President; but the passage of Mr. M' Kay's bill through the House of Repre sentatives has well nigh extinguished this last hope: its faint ray rests upon the Sen ate. To the Senate, then, in the exercise of the right of democratic freemen, we sol emnly protest against the passage of this iniquitous and destructive bill. There fore, . Resolved, That the tariff bill' which has recently passed through the House of j KcprcscuUlivcs of Congress abanojiic settled policy of discriminating for pro- tectum, and adopts the new theory of dis- j criminating for revenue alone; that it will ; prostrate our domestic manufactories and ! home industry, subject the products of tne country to ruinous loreign competi tion, and destroy the home market of our agriculturists, which Pennsylvania far mers know is the best market the world has ever yet afforded to them. Resolved, That the valorem duties im posed by this bill on coal and iron will be entirely inadequate to protect these great staples of this State; foreign coal will take the place of the domestic article in our eastern ports; our furnaces must "blow out," and we be rendered tributary to Great Britain for iron, "the jreat ne cessary of life;" our vast mineral resour ces must henceforth lie buried in our soil and the busy population of our mineral land districts be driven from home in search of labor. I Resolved, That this bill will inflict a fa tal blow upon the interests and prosperi- j ty of the Keystone State; that there is no thing in the present situation or prospec tive relations of the country which calls for such a total change in the policy of the Government: and the Democracy of Penn sylvania can regard it only as a causeless infliction of injury. Resolved, That the Pennsylvania del egation in Congress, with a solitary ex ception, are entitled to the warmest thanks , of their constituents for the firm and de cided stand they have taken in opposition to Robert Walker's British tariff bill, and for their advocacy of the tariff of 1842. Resolved", that we have full confidence in the integrity and ability of our Sena tors in Congress, the Honorable Simon Cameron and the honorable Daniel Stur geon, who are requested to use all honor able means to defeat the iniquitous bill now before the Senate, as destructive of all the great interests of Pennsylvania and ruinous to the whole country, and contra ry to the principles avowed by Mr. Polk through his friends and intiis letter to John K. Kane. Resolved, That we have undiminished confidence in the ability, patriotism, and integrity of the Vice President, George M. Dallas, and that when the interests and prosperity of his native State are as sailed in her most vital parts, he will not falter, but stand as he has done heretofore in defence of her just rights, and avert the impending blow aimed for her destruction. Resolved, That we will hereafter, as Democrats, pledge ourselves to support no man lor office whose principles, on the gTcat subject of protection, are of doubt ful character. Resolved, That a copy of these pro ceedings be sent to our Senators in Con gress, with a request that they be read in the Senate; and that they be published in the Washington Union and in all the Dem ocratic papers in this State. The proceeding having been read Mr. Cameron moved that it be printed. Mr. Webster then rose and said: Tru ly, sir, we are here this morning in a ve ry strange conjuncture of circumstances. The telegraph announces from Boston that the steamer has brought information from England, and that among the last words of the late most distinguished First Minister in England addressed to Parlia ment, was the declaration that in England all eyes were turned to see how the Con gress ot the United States would arrange their new tariff; pointing evidently to an expectation or a hope that that new tariff, to which all English eyes were turned, would be a tariff more favorable doubtless to English interests, and English business, and English concerns, than the tariff which now exists. Somewhat of a counter-blast comes from Pennsylvania. All eyes are turned hither from Pennsyl vania, not exactly to see how we may modify our tariff to become more favora ble to English interests, but to see wheth er we will sacrifice the whole ot the great and leading interests of Pennsylvania herself, as well as of other portions of this community having interests like hers, by the adoption of this measure, which is so much commended, so much landed in England, so much the subject of parlia mentary report and parliamentary eulogy. Is not this, sir, as I . said, a singular con- juncture in our aflairs? Sir, I propose before I sit down to ask the honorableSen ator from Pennsylvania, with great res pect, a question or two. I happened to be in Pennsylvania in October, 184 4, and saw the preparations that were then going on for the approaching Presidential elec tion; and it appeared to me, sir, that the Democratic party in Pennsylvania had three prominent and distinct favorites and the names of these favorites were emblazoned upon their flags and banners; they were these, "Polk," "Dallas," and "the Tariff of 1842." I rather incline to think that the last mentioned is at this moment rather the most desired. A laugh. It would seem, sir, that, of three names, the last was that which gave prin cipal credit to the firm in Pennsylvania. I will ask the honorable Senator from Pennsylvania himself (and certainly he will not impute to me a want of respect in doinr so) if he has not seen these sams floating and flaunting banners than one occasion? on more .Cji4j4UhA ""jfr-swrfih: question of the honorable Senator with much pleasure. He had attended a great number of Democratic meetings, perhap3 as many as an hundred in all, in order to aid his fellow-citizens in what he consid- ered the great cause of Democracy, and at every meeting there was one or more of these flags. Before the death of the lamented Muhlenburg his name was in cluded, afterwards the mottoes were ;Polk," "Dallas," "Shunk," and "the Tariff of 1 842. A nd while upon this top ic he would add, that neither of the three could have got the vote of Pennsylvania without being associated with the tariff of 1812. Much as we disliked Mr. Clay, and much as they were attached to De mocracy, all other considerations would have sunk before the tariff of 1812. Mr. Webster proceeded. I do not deem it of any importance, in a discussion of this sort, whether an eminent person may have been accurately reported as to any particular declaration that he may have made. The construction given to such declarations by persons not acquain ted with the views of the individual ma king them are not material, so long a3 a general impression is produced by popu lar names and popular announcements. V hy, I suppose, if I should ask both the gentlemen from Pennsylvania whether they, in those very meetings which they attended, had not themselves often and of ten expressed to their friends their entire belief that the tariff of 1812 would be safe under those persons whom they proposed to place at the head of the Government I say, if I were to ask those gentlemen whether they had not held out this assu rance olten and often, the answer would be that they had done so; because I know they are now under the instructions of their Legislature to maintain the present tariff, and those instructions are I believe concurrent with their own principles and opinions. Therefore I am persuaded that if they had entertained any apprehen sions that their efforts in the election con test at that time would have contributed to the overthrow of the tariff of 18 12,they would have forborne those effoits. Mr. Allen said the honorable Senator from Massachusetts had announced the arrival of the English steamer as having some connexion with the proceedings of Congress upon an important measure. The Senator seemed to rejrard as a most extraordinary circumstance the telegraph ic information which wc had of the Lst words of the British Minister, in hi speech to the House of Common, res pecting the probability of the p;i.-sagp of the great measure for the reduction of the American tariff. He could ee gentlemen upon that floor from whom such an an noucemcnt would not have taken him by surprise. But when he considered the deep solicitude that was manifested in tha early part of the session, pending a nothcr great measure, for the arrival of British steamers, by the honorable Sena tor from Massachusetts himself, lie con fessed that he was a little amused that the same manner of arrival from the same country should have startled him so much. Sir, continued Mr. A., we had the Or egon Question, which involved the divis ion of a part of this great Republic-with Great Britain; and pending that great ques tion we were commanded from day to day to hold our breath until the British steamer announced the will and behesU of Old England in the matter. We were desired to look to the arrival of British steamers, because it was supposed that the intelligence which they would bricg from England would have a direct bear ing on the event of peace or war between the two countries; and because it was ne- icessarythat we should know what they -i t.' t l r r were auuui in jiigianu iur icar mai, ia the absence of that knowledge, we might involve the country in a war, and break the concord that existed between the two nations. But now it seems that all of that ardent sympathy which superinduced such an overwrought desire to maintain a good understanding Great Britain is sur rounded. We were told that, in the e vent of war between the two countries, we would not only disturb the peace of the world, but interrupt that harmonious intercourse between the two countries which contributed so materially to their mutual advantage. But now, on another subject, the arrival of a British steamer, bringing with it the announcem ent of the expectations of the British Government, ! is ffiven as a reason why the Course of A- mencan legislation should be arrested, be cause it may, perchance, the harmonizing free trade which was announced to us a few months zso as being so essential to the prosperity of the people of the coun try. 1 was never in love witn isntisn j steamers, and never legislated by their arrival or departure. And juo not rise now for the purpose of saying that tho Senator from Massachusetts is wrong ia the intimation that we shoule not shapa our legislation to suit the view9 and wish es of the British Cabinet. I do not say that he ia wrong. 1 rise only, forth nurnose of marking the fact, that but a ft 1 few month3 ago the Senator was in the habit of announcing steamers from a very the arrival of British opposite mouve. t Then we had a qnti n ahtvit wrUwiKl bouadarv pcudi"-. 1 .sen w: rna-t patvw tole. -.11 what in'-.dlfcCJl, v inlU-h tlcaW
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