crfetobc fuw is without ttDttfy. If they j chufe fools,' they wilj have foolifii ' laws. Tf j they chill'-; kftaws they will have knavlfh , ones. But this can never be the cafe until j they arc generally tools or knaves themselves, j whirh r thank God, is not likely -ever to be- j cqjtw* the rharitfter of the American people, j Having said what I thought material as to the alien la'we, upon the fubjeft of the ; particular objeftian.i to them, I now proceed 'odifcufs the oljcftions which have been made to what is called the sedition aft, one ' of which equally applies to the alien laws as well at to this. But I think it proper pre- ( vioufly to read the law itfelf. The objeftious (so far as I have heard; them) to this aft are as follow : 1 (And this applies to the alien law also) That there is no fpecific pewer given to pass aft of this description, though in the particular fpecific powers -riven, there is au thority conveyed a 4 to other offences speci ally named. 2 That this law is not warranted by a chufe in the canftitution, conveying legisla tive authority, which after designating par ticular objefts adds: " And to make all laws which Shall be necefiary and proper for carrying into exe cuiioi the foregoing powers, and all other powers velltd bv this constitution in the jraveiHinent ef the United States, or in any department or officer thereof"—Becaufe ic is not neccffavy and proper to pass any such law in ordtjr to carry into execution any of thole powers. That admitting the former positions are not maintainable, yet the exercise of this authority is incompatible with the following amendment to the constitution, viz. « Congress (hall make no law refpetling an eftabliihment of religion, or prohibiting the full exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom 'of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to aflemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances " With regard to the firfl: objeftion, I rea di'y acknowledge, that soon after the con stitution was proposed, and when I had ta ken a much more fuperficial view of it than I was sensible of at the time, I did think j congress could not provide for the punifli-j rcent of any crimes but such as are fpecifi cally defignattd in the particular powers enumerated. I delivered that opinion in the 1 convention of North Carolina, in the year 1788, with a jftrfedt convidtion, at the time that it was well founded. But I have since been convinced it was an erroneous opinion, and my reafojis for changing it, I shall state to you. at clearly as I am able. It is in vain to make any law unless some fan&ion be annexed to it, to prevent or pu niih its violation. A law without it might be equivalent to a good moral sermon, but bad members cf society would be as little influenced by one as the other. It it, there fore, necessary and proper, for instance, un der the constitution of the United States, to secure the effeft of all laws which inpofe a duty on some particular persons, by pro viding some penalty or punifnment if they disobey. The authority to provide such is conveyed by the following general words in the constitution, at the end of the objeAs of legislation particularly fpeeified:"To make all laws which {hall be ncceflary and proper for carrying into execution the fore going powers, and all other powers veiled by this conflitu!ion in the government of .the United States, or in any department or of ficer thereof." A penalty alone would not in every cafe be fufficient, for the offender might he rich and disregard-it, or poor, though a wilful offender, arid unable to pay it. A fine, therefore will not always an swer the purpose, but imprifohment mud be in many cases added, though a wife and hu mane legislature will always dispense with ■this, where the importap.ee of the cafe does not *eqmre it. But if it does, from the ve ry nature of the punishment, it becomes a criminal, and not a civil offence ; the grand jury mull indidl, before the offender can be convicted. 1 his general position may be illullrated by a variety of instances under the penal code of the United Statss, which hate, I bcueve, never been objected to as uncondi tional, though therehave never been want ing penetrating and difeerning members who were ready enough to take exceptions where tnJ unc ' an y ptaufible ground for them. I (nail enumerate a few. In the a£l cntiteled, an aft for the punish ment of certain crimes against the United States (vol. 1. Swift's edition, p. 100 ) among other crimes fpecified, are the fol lowing. Murder or larceny in a fort belonging to the United States, Mifprifibn of felony com muted in any place under the sole and ex clusive jurifdidlion of the United States. Stealing or falfifying a record of any court °f the United Sates, Peijury in any court °f the United States, Bribing a judge of the United States. Obftrufting the exc cutfon of any kind of procefß ifTuing from a court of the United States. In the collection act, 1 vol. p. 237, it is provided* 1 hat in all cases where an oath is hy that act required from a mailer or o r person having command of a ship dx veiTel, or from an owner or assignee of goods, wares and merchandise, his or her factor or jjgent, if the person so swearing shall swear alfely, luch person shall, or. indictment and conviction thertof be punilhed by fine or im prifonment or byth, in the discretion of the court, before whom such conviction shall be had. so as the fine shall not exceed one thou sand dollars, and the term of imprisonment shall not exceed twelve months. In the act laying duties on distilled fpi- f ,l f• (vol 1. p. 324) in the 39th section 't is provided as follows : " If any supervisor, or other officer of wfoection, in any criminal prosecution a g?inft them, {hail he convicted of oppression 1 xtortioil in the execution of his jhaUbe fined not exceeding five hundred dol lars,'oriinpriforec' not exceeding fix months, or both, at the discretion of the court ; and mall also forfeit his office." Thefc inftaqefa dt'ferve great considerati on ; because I believe no candid man will deny that these provifiouis were constitution al exercises of authority, within the scope of the general authority conveyed, tho' not specially named as objects which it Should be competent for Congress to provide for. And they certainly derive weight from the consideration, thac the principle < f them (which I believe was tlje cafe) was never objected to, fho' the expediency of £ome of provifioos may have been. (To be continued.) t!)is 2>a?>'s £oail. BOSTON, May 13. Yesterday the schooner Nancy, Capt. Hux ford, arrived from Halifax, and brought paperi to the id instant, from which we have c x'racted the following articles. HALIFAX, MAY, 2. Sunday morning arrived the Ship Rebecca, capt. Marihall, in jS days from Liverpool. She has brought London papers to the 27th of March. We have extr; fted from them the most material articles, from which it ap pears that hostilities lia& re-commenced be tween the emperor and the' French and thki in all probability, a few days from the date of our preient would bring- ac counts of the defimftiVei meeting of the hoS tifc armies—Astonishing preparations have been made on both fides, and the enfuiug, it is probable will be owe of the most bloody campaigns that V.ave tra ken place. YeSlerday arrived from Bermuda, liis Majesty's Ship ASliSlance, capt. Hardy. The Alfiftance has captured a valuable fliip frem B;itavia. [This fliip was eomiuandai by capt. Baker, and owned by Mr. Lyman of Boston.] * lokdOk, march 27. 'l'lie Gazette of lad night contains a noti fication that " the King has been pleased to eaufe it to be fignified by the Right Hon. Lord Grenville, his Majefly's principal secre tary of State for Foreign Affairs, to tlw MinillerS of neutral Powers residing at this Court, that the nectflary meafurei having been taken, by his Majesty's command, for the blockaded' the ports of the United Pro vinces, the said Ports are declared to be in a slate of blockade, and that al! veffcls which may attempt to enter any of them after this notice, will be dealt with according to the principles of. the Law of Nations, and to the Imputations of such Treaties fublifKng between his Majesty and Foreign Powers, as may contain provifiorre applicable to the cases of Towns, Places, or Ports in a slate of blockade. The above notification proves that the ru mour of the Dutch fleet having- put to sea was unfounded ; but affaidsat the fame time an equally strong proof that it is about ready for failing, evidently destined to co-operate with the Brest fleet, as we stated some days ago. Betides the ships they have repaired, the lAatch have nine' ships of the line almost ready for launching, but their arsenals being exhaufled, they want supplies of every kind, and this the blockade will prevent them from receiving, except at a ruinous expence. A Cartel arrived at Dover from Gravelines has brought over sixty one mailers and mates of merchants vefFcis, but no journals were allowed to be taken on board. It is iaid, however,; that Ministers have received some few papers up to the 2id in 11. which speak in a flight-manner of the advanced guard of MafTena's army haying received a check, but they considered it as of little consequence, Slid the next day he again advanced. The paflengers concur in faying that there was 110 news at Gravelines. It was understood to b? the plan of Jourdan to press lay hasty marches towards the lake to support MafTena's army. NEW-YORK, May 17. The state of Georgia some time lince ad vertiled a premium of thirty dollars forade vife for a state seal, agreeably to a fpecific description—and in a laudable spirit of lib eral patronage, prefaced their advertifernent with " Premium for Genius. Artists of ali, nations, attend." The pithy Editor of the Farmer's Mufeutn offers, gratuitously, an emblem of a mail in the aft of fignitv;. with one hand, » fcioll of paper, begining with " Know all men by these presents," and with the other point ing to large trails of land in the moon. Captain Richards, from Curracoa, informs us, there are several French privateers from Curracoa, cruising off the island .if Gonaives; and that a Fresch privatserof iogiins, fail ed 10 days before him, the captain of which informed captain R. that "he intended to cruifc on this coafl. Capt. Richards further informs, that the Governor of Ctirracoa, had iffuc-d a procla mation, the purport of which isj that all A merican veflels taken within three leagues of the island, (hall be given up to the own ers, and the captors conaemned to pay da mages : which has been done in several in fiances. Yelterelay's southern breeze enriched our port with number of valuably laden {hips. [Vide marine department] The arrival of the (hip Ocean, Capt Kemp, wis of tbe hearts of hundreds leapt for joy,'toil the salutation from this vtf fel, whole crew, but very lately, was believed to have been maffacredby French pirates. A gentleman palTenger on board the Nan cy informs us, Ciat Lord Mormngton, Go vernor General of the Britifti pofTefiions in liad gone from Bengal to Madras, where he had arrived, ill order to fettle dif putt s with Tippo Saib ;and it was laid his embassy had terminated favorabfy, as lie found Tippo pacifically disposed towards the Eng -1 i fl>—lt was expected Tippo would allow the Engl!II) to hold the garrison of Bangalore, which commanded the only sea he had on the Malabar coafl. COMMUNICATION, STATE OF-MANHATTAN, ss. ■lnterrogatories to be administered tj. tie I.ord High Cbanctlhr of the State of Manhattan. > 1 ft. Did you or did you not fubferifee One Hundred Thousand DpPiars to the Man hattan Company ? 2d. Can you or can you nc* raise that flnn and appropriate it to the purpose of the Company ? 3d. If you cannot yourfelf invert One Hundred Thousand Dollars in Stock for a distant profit, then mufl you not tell a pa;t of your (hares ? Did you not know at this time of fubloribing that you mull fell them, and did you not buy them on speculation ? 4th. Was your fubfeription or was it not ftrittly a stotk-jobbing operation ? If not, and- if you Tubfcribed merely to encou.ajce the bringing of water, then wherefore did you reserve the of abandoning your (hares till the 6th May, when the flats o£ the (hares in the market would be known ? sth. Do you or do you not know that the Court of Chancery has alwoU exclusive jurifdiilion over all large Company opera tions ? Does not the breaking up of almost all ftcck-jobbing plans and (peculating bub bles, end in the Court of Chancery r 6th. Is it proper that the only jndgf of .the Court of Chancery (hould be the person most largely interested in facti a (peculation ? 7th. Does not your intcrcft in that Com pany in effcA deprive the other citizens of the benefit of your Court, and discourage them from applying to it for relief? Do you not klio\v that in fitch relief wi'l be wanted before ;he burlfing of the bub ble, but efoeciaily afterwards : Bth. Did not you or your friends culuni niate Mr.- Hsmiltpn while he was Secretary of the Tveafu'vy, under pretence that he was interested in .the public funds ? Did you not know at that time that the accusation was as false as it xas malicious, and that Mr. Ha milton had too much integrity to be con cerned in a property on which his official du ty might lead him to give opinions or decisi ons ? Do you not- now do the fame thing 1 of which your friends then falfely accused Mr. Hamilton ? gth. Do you believe that while any re membrance of the Manhattan Company re main, either yourfelf or Mr. Burr will be couriered as proper persons for Governors of the state of Manhattan ? i oth. Do you other matter or thing touching the premises tending to ex culpate you from the imputations under which you now lie ? SAVANNAH, April 26. On Friday last, the 19th of this .month, Samuel Fowler, who had bean convicted durj ing the fitting of the Superior Court in this county, for the rriufder of his wife, was sen tenced for execution to-morrow. Pratt S^Kintzing, No. 95, North Water-ftrect) HAVE TOR SALE, 70 TONS HEMP, 3000 bulhels low-priced fait 14 pipes choice old port wine . Ico boxes claret 30 tons roll brimstone 40 kegi yellow ochre ao do. p«arl barlsy A few barrels lentilles 110 boxes Havauna fugarl loco demy-John -100 boxes window g)af» A few chests liquor cases 4 caflcs hog's bristles 1 lihd. blocking "J fWifJE 2do fail J A few bundles German Heel Several packages flatcs and pencils 3 hogfheadsglue 4 packages men? flipp«rs . 1 do. bunting for colour* t do. quills A few barrels naval itores, &c. &c. And as usual, a great variety of Ticklenburghs, hempen linens, oz nabrigt, htHans, brown rolls, patterbornes, checks, flripes, &c. &c. which they will Jell on realonable terms. may 18, NOTICE. THE public are rtquefted not to receive any drafts in favor of Abijah Hunt, diawn by Captain Isaac Guionon the Secretary at War— Daniel Harapan on William Bell, or Francis Jones on John Wiikins. Those on whom they are drawn Jfre desired to fulpend acceptance until reference be had to the fubferiber. Twenty five thousand dol!arsof the above defenbed bills have been taken from the Carrier raouth of Te»n«flee river by a party of Jndhns. SAMUEL MEEKER, may 18 ( tu th &f tf A BAYONET, WRESTED from the mufquet of a fellow in unifo«n, at thefront of the Aurora by ene of the Officers ot' the United States, on the night of the 16th inft. as the time they were as- I'aulied in passing the llreet, by the mob there aflembled, may be had, by proving poperty, at the Marine barracks. may 18. C.HARifrSermokioUl be prta(bed at St. Mary's Cburcb on Sunday morning next, for the benefit of the Frte School of said Cburcb. May 14, 1799. Delaware 53* Schuylkill Canal Office, Philadelphia, May 9, 1799. JN pursuance of a resolution of the president and managers of" thfc Delaware and Schuyl kill Canal Company, the Stock-holders ai'e here by notified and required to pay, on each of their relpe<3ive shares, to the Treasurer of the Com. piny, at the Company's Office in this city, ' 15 dollari on the 15th June next, ao dollars on the 15th July next, and »o dollars on the,lsth Aaguft next. Wm. GOVETT, Treasurer. iji &tU4 w (dfi .1 1s A ) Miy 13 Yeftefday morning, in the Circuit Court, Mr. Lewis relumed his pleadings in behalf of a new trial for John Fries ; which being concluded, jifter taking some time for confe deration, Judge Iredell delivered his opinion on the several reasons which-had been assign ed by the Counsel of the prilbner, as a ground for their motion. He believed that though the Juror, Mr. Rhoad, .might have made the declarations .which had been ascribed to him by the several witnesses who had been examined, refpefting the punishment which the prifoiier at the bar and others defe-rve.d, without any bad iivention, yet he consider ed them (uch as would have been deemed fuf ficient, had they been made known before the trial, to have difqualified him as a Juror, ((ince they were evincive of his having made up a decided opinion on the criminality of the person whom he was called upon to try) and, therefore, that his having nude thsm, afforded a fuflicient re a foil for granting a new trial. The examined all the other ad ditional reasons which had been brought for ward in support of the motion for a new tri al,. which, without the firft, he fhou-li have considered as unavailing. Judge Peters declared himfelf to be of the fame opinion with Judge Iredell, with refpeft to all the real'ons which had been s/ligned for a new trial, except the firft ; but, in rela tion to that, hit differed with him. Though lie could not doubt Mr. Rhoad had made uie of the expreilions with which he was 'char ged, yet, in forming an opinion upon so pub lic a topic, he had done no more than most other men had done, and in doing which he did not think it appeared that he had evinced any malice againlt the priloiVr, and there fore that the opinion could have had no, in fluence iir his (kxifion upon this trial. Indeed it was his opinion that the trial had been perfectly fair, and that a new trial ought not to be granted ; but knowing the consequence of a divilion of opinion in the Court, would be to defeat the motion under consideration ; knowing alio that the punishment which {hall be infiifted upon the prisoner at thehar will have the better eflfett as a public exam ple, when it (hall appear that ev< - y object ion to the fairnefs of his trial fha'i have beei} obviated,4k yielded to the opinion of Juc > ; Iredell, and consented to a new trial being had. This new trial cannot, ef course, take place till the next Circuit Court, which will be held in Odtober next. SOCRATES. The persons convi&ed of conspiracy, res cue and obftruftion of process, will receiv their sentence this morning. After white-, it is expe&ed the Court will adjourn, s Judge Iredell is obliged to leave town mi Monday morning to attend his duty ill Vir ginia. \Am- jD. sid. To complete the chara&er of the vagrant who calumniated the great and good Walh ington, under the signature of JafperDwight, he has avowed himfelf an United Irilhman. The jail-bird of the Aurora, declares that in all coiuitries where he may be, he is re solved to tie vote himfelf to furthering the in dependence of Ireland. It is plain from this, that he calculates on being one day compell ed to change his abode ; and herein, after a busing so long our country and its citizens, does he, in one refpett at lea'ft, think better of us than we have vet deferred. Not having enquired into the legal rights and immunities of the citizens of America, I would wish to aflc whether an United Irifh ma'n bound by his feccet oath to serve the French Direftoiy whenever called on, can nevirtheld's enjoy the privileges of a citizen of the United States. The Northampton Insurgents, lately con victed of Cmifpiracy, Rescue and Obftruftion of Process ■were this day brought up to Court, toreceive/entence. Imprifonrtieiit of four and eight months, in proportion to the nature of the oftl-ncc, is the punishment awarded. tuth3w The memory of singular worth, and emi nent services is often loft by the number and rapidity of events which succeed them.. Toi mar y of th«fe present citizens of Phila dclphia, the name of the late Sharp Dela ny, Esq. conveys no other idea, than that of an upright, and respectable officer of the go vernment of the United States 5 but tliofe persons who knew him during the arducus struggle which gave libertyandindependcnce to Aine-ica.cannot permit him to descend to his grave, without an attempl to revive the knowledge of his merit in that eventful period. In 1774, he took.an active part in the controversy with Great Britain,upon the ftibject of the claims of his country. In 1776 he bor« a colunel'a commifiion in the militia of Pennsylvania, and (hared in the dangers and honors of the memorable cam paign of the winter of that year on the banks of the Deltware. From a conviction that libetty could not exlft without law, he was indefatigable in his exertions to obtain thofc forms of government which are bed calcula ted to secure it, and under tne impreflion of this principle, he contributed very much by his influence to the formotion of the pre sent conliiiutions of Pennsylvania, and of the United States. Tothistiibutetp hispatriot ifm, it is but just to add, that in private life he was as amiable, as he was ufeful in pub liic, he was ufeful in public. A numerous family will long retain a grateful, and atfac tioniite remembrance of his domeflic virtues. Stra' girs from everypartof the ui:ion who have occasionally visited our capital, will long recollect with pleasure his hospitable and friendly table, while the poor (to whom his heart, and hand were alway open) will mourn in secret that his kindness and boun ty to them, will be no more. %\k dSajette. PHILADELPHIA, I. V ' .SATUROAY EVENING, MAT 18 MR. FENNO, IMPORTANT. Extract of a letter from Anatto flay, matca, dated Sunday evening, 22u A:>ril, received pet. ship Charles. Sujce writing the foregoing, an express has arrived at this bay from Kingftor, brings a proclamation by (lie king, declaring St. Bomingo 11 Independent, and permitting Britifli vefTels to trade there from Jamaica, See.'' Died, yeftvrday, Mrs. Sally Gott shalksoh. wife of Mr. Solomon Cott* fhalkfon, merchant, of tLia ci y Her lofa will be fineercly regielted by all that knew her amiable chara&er and her memory will always be kept in that refpeft which none caa refufe to so .niich virtue and real good* ness of heart as file was jjofieffed of. May 17.' (£sa3ette #arin* %\fk. Ship Louisa, Reillej, and brig Eliza, Pe terfon, have arrived at Leghorn. Ship Dependance, Carron, arrived ye fie r dry from La Guira, is ordered down to the Fort, by command of the Board of Health, for not waiting the cuflomary vtfit from the Examining Phylkian. Brig American, Venn, from hence, ar rived at Leghorn the 3d February. The Algerine fchooiier, from hence, has arrived at Algiers, after a I eve re aft ion with 4 French privateers, off Tanj/iers, which flie beat off. Ship Nancy, Salinckrs, ;o6 days from Calcutta, has arrived at NeW-York. 7 Schooner I'fther and Eliza, Lindfley, of •and for this port. jiiikd from Calcutta li e tftinll. By an arrival at New-York, from New Orleans, it -appears, that the Ihip Star, George, trom hence ti< New-Orleans, was afliore at the mouth of the Mifliffippi, and it is feared will W loft. She lay in smooth wa ter, and lighters had been lent for from N. Orleans, to take out the cargo. • New-York, May 17, ARRIVED, day*. Shjji Apollo, Moncrcif, tiverpaol 64 iy Ocean, Kemp, Vera Crt'i 26 Nancy, Saunders, Bengal iol The Nancy Gtiled uom Calcutta the 221 Jaiitjarv, and lac pilot left on the 28th. -, JSe 'hip Pacific, of N. from Ma. %ffes, Ofue, had alio arrived Cal caita—-it .#<■• i» ild get -the p, iffcipal pn t of her cargo itt'faltpetre. . -On the 4th May, Gapt Saunders ipoke th« ivlartiiii i'hc : 3 froin :e—all ; well. The {hip Wcntworth, of 3a runs, had ar rived at Madeira in 19 days from London, and loading for the- Weft Indies. The ftiip Jamaica was alio at Madeira. Capt. Taylor, April 17, spoke the schoo ner Dispatch from Boston to Demerara. Ship Mary Ann, arrivrd at Swrrinam, 47 days paflage. Schr. Betsey, Pelton, mafler arrived at New-Providence, with her Stock. BrigLnion, is arrived at New-Orleans in 17 days. £>hip Haiinch, £rpin Alexandria? i» arrived. Ship Union, New-London, Ditto. Baltimore, Map 16. Arrived yesterday, schooner Hannah, cxp* tain Child, from Havanna, last fVom CBar lefton. ' , Schooner Redress, captain Ogden, days from Jamaica. Schooner Eleanor,captain Groom, 16 dayg from. Curracoa. Ship Elizabeth, cdptain Luflier, 45 day* from Leghorn, lall from Gibraltar. i he Elizabeth iuiled in company with the brig David Stewart, of Baltimore, brijj Phoenix, of Salem, schooner , Taylor, of Boston, and schooner Nancy, of Char- Itfton. List of American vessels in Leghorn, on tb• aJd February, 1 7 99 : Ship lndnftry, Goodwin Minerva, West Aurora, Spriggs, Martha, Prince, .Eliza, Ballet, Holland, Goodwin Herald, Daiby Brig Eliza, Paterfon America, Pe'nn Porfeupine, Butler Eliza, Campbell New-York Prudence, Brant? Baltimore Scli'r America, Vibert do. Sailed from Gibraltar, on the istb March t Jor Alicajtt ; Brig Greyhound, Pluminer Byfield, Kinsman Governor Carver, Spooner. Left in Gibraltar, Ship Mohawk, Steel, New-York Polly, Wilder, Bolton Mitchel, Philadelphia Schr. Active, Rogers, Boftcn The following is taken From the 100- bo< k of the Elizabeth March igtli, saw the English fleet failing down the Gut of Gibraltar, cape Spartel be - ring south ; 011 the 30th was brought to by the Northumberland, a 74 gun {hip, treated politely, and after examination di'fmif&i. The fleet was driven into Tituac Bay A Spanilh -fleet taking the advantage of the ab fente of the Britifli fleet from Cadiz, failed for the Weft Indies. April 26th, brought to a floopfrom Connedicut ()ound to Martini co, out 24 days. April 30th, spoke- , f Portfnwuth, capt. Richafd P ar foj ls , Wilmington bound to Martinico, out 1, days. May sth, spoke the pilot boat Rebec c;a, 12 clays out ironi Nortolk, biu.id to Si Thomas'? ; 11 well. The fh.p Aftrea, of New-York, cant Pierce, From New-York bound to Corun! n;., was taken by his uvjtfty's frigate J - n , l.a. ca.ricdiDio Gihnkcr, and ckdcmntd on lulpicjoH. Bofloa Salem Baltimore Salem Boston New-York Salem Philadelphia do.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers