of ct}c 0 3 a«° Philadelphia Daily Advertiser. ... . By John Fenno, N 3 no Cbefmtt Street. - " VMDn * iC^ 3 1 PHILADELPHIA: WI'DNrSDAY EVENING, '"-JANUARY 31. l?9 S. [ ,r.XIII. CONGRESS. Ini vo:r- nnwi'n'li.Hia,. »w.. , , ' - , ~- ■ ■ - . ... . ——-—■ ■ ■ ». ■ QONG& i 5 J. DEBITS OX ti")R£lCsf IM TEItCOU RSil [_C*ntinned j :_Mr. r,rait"§ ob «rv?tion4 arc r*publiftied on account o: m , ror im them, in yeile.- dav § G*z-tte J 7 Mr CttiiK. At this of rtl? debate esdvyUen i inform the Commit iee ttot I do not ex <my vhith 1 rjrj offer, w,l, UUkc an tm.r. fTi v. upo.s he Member*, it mi :ht be cxpeQed that i(h make fotoe a P ft 'ORY or ii .hts Ptmr- —1 Pno 011 the tmpori/nce of the fubjett under dilcuftioa, and in the conviftion tha' iri my duty to take the most public method of exprefljog my oppofi ion to the principle container 1 . in the picfent amendment Were it not fofthefe confederations, the present Hate of my , health woviid itror.gly forbid my mixing in the pre- Cent debat.. Having been preverted by indifpofction from hear ing the whole ot the dfctwte upon the ame dmert •no w under consider a if >n» I am obliged to de pend up on tiis (Utement which Ha* been giVv n by the Report ers of the debates, ai to a part, and par icularly "he introdu£sory observations of gentleman from Vir- J gihia, wl-io brought forward the amendment v\ htc 1 , h** produced this lengthv and p flio;nte debate! Thai the d< bit-, (hould oe'/eng hy and p»fliona<e> is muter ] of no surprize Had I been acculf m.-d to look for of public conduft in that g-ntlemau, I might, prrhaps, have cxue&rd 1 har as on a late and ' important ocaafioo, he esprtffed such a ftrorg desire ] for harmony and unanimity, and in lavor of a c pofVp'.nement of the difcuflion, to a very distant day, e the evils that were to be apprehended from the exciic- c rrtent of and party warmth; I fay, Mr, Chair- 1 man, if I bad calculated on th\e u-.d of what had c taken place, 1 might have f cxp.£Ud rhat, on the mo- c t lion of the gentleman from South Ca/olina, to go in- 1 "to lhe confide'ation of this bill, a motion for post 1 to a future day would have comt frc-m the c member from Virginia ; or, that the piefent amend- a ment would have been delayed to fame Future ieflion, f when, in that 'gentleman's opini ?h, the danger from irritation m»t;ht be less, .or harmony and unio.iT not oi so much importance as at prefent—for 1 wtil ven ure to fay that the present farwaid * by that genileman, involves a pfrncipk, which, »n its 1 Very nature, is of a! others the molt likely to pr •- , i duce excitement in this House, 10 call forth crimiua c jions and recrimination , to bring into action ait the i j afperityof party, to set afloat all thole p -flions whic • have fqoften agiuted this body, and, in thort, to pr<- ducts a political warfare of opinions, the inotl oppo- G » lite, deep-rooted, fixed, and irieconcileable. But _5? "whafeve? changeof circumliancesmay havetaken place, ; a to reconcile the gentleman's change ot opinion to him- j r ft If, as to the of harmony, and jthe danger j h wf irritztjon, then and now, —•! do not complain ot | a 4iis want of forbearance on ih« prtfent occaGon ; nor. J y uotv/uh'icnding the profeflSoas ot a different difpori- e tioil, which have been made, am lat all iurpnzed at tf £he ' avidity with which the prelent opportunity has been seized, not only to eftabiifh a principle dane;er eusto the very exilten«e of the Government, but to •*' ndulge wth thofejwho have lol.owcd nim, c< kh the moli unmerited ftifpicions, censure and enmi- P , Nation, not only 0$ the Executive but of all th •- w members of th;s house, who ha»e differed witH h m 11 •in their political fyiiem of atlian. 1 lav, Mr Cnjir- . •man, Ido not, [to complain, cca.ie I w i,m to confefs rhat lam one th >le (pr raps a , OTe.of a few) who have believed, at least tor some timep?ft, that, fr«m thefta<eof part in nil ho u se, c little was to be expected from attempts a- union and harmony—that wa» to be obtained by con- ar cefli.-n : I have therelore resisted every temptation to w ijhp&ion, from conlidtrations of this kind ; and have vv to do what I think he imereits of m that Coredilv« so far at d* of tiponriie, without exasnu.i >g low i' m y be 0 iy those who ge e-a:l\"di.ffer from me in ni n. 1 a ■have a so said, Mr. Chairm n, tha I wa& no't at all I t , 4 furprtyi at the amendment which u.r'>w brcught fa > s i nor »t the pWerva iqns by wnioh it t,a» bren introfjuccd ?r»d JuppOited, lor when, I take a wirn- l?" fpeftive view of theconduftof opooft in, 1 find the ? prefect attempt to-be nne other link if that cha.n of «nfupcefsfu which was begun f >ou after rhe hs orgenixa ion of the g,over»ment, and has been length- co en?d out to the present moment, as oc afion prt,fen ed an —efforts to el'tabhfh principle whxh, i/ l 'ai by a niajorfty of this House, and by the people our conlHtuents, niuft inevttablv, and in view of the fubjeft," very fWtly, subvert Or mateiiaflv change the ! ftab ilbed g vemm-enr. f" 1 This, i rim ipie involves, in mv opinion, a very ; •plain, obvi. us# and simple quellion • Shall a majority of the House of Rep.efentatives absorb and draw to I itfeif all the f.oweii of this government, which have ty t>een diftiibu ed into different channels, or depart le: mems ;or shall each deparrment «f the government ne< be fa by the othfrs in the exercise of its co"nflitu:ional functions ? is it not eq la'ly the dufytof a member of this hnufe 'o defend and protest , otKcr departments, whitft moving in their own £ es appropriate spheres, as it i to maintain and'employ c that portion of power which the conUitution has in- ma tfufted to them J This 15 a question which, though re* peatedly fettled, so far as d cifiou ran avail to shit I d pu»pofe, is yet one of the utmost imp rtance, and the will continue to be, ei long as it (hall be open to dif* eac ' ctrfltw* » wWtcH 1 b~i»ev« w4l be thexaUe-Gallong .x* j M ' the houft is composed of »ts pp.'fent it embers. cat principle is one, among mmy others, the contest a bout which llronglv charafteriz s party in this house. Perhaps this exprrffion> of party existing here, may ar ' give offence 10 f;>me : lam not very fo.icitous abouf a '' the cho'ce of words ; but if I were, I profefs to be at a lots for a more appropriate and fit exprelfioo ot td theoppofition ai d marked coi-flift of opinion, wrivcn I has prevailed in this House fmce I have had a fratinit, tivt and which, I trull, will continue to prevail a»longas rrea uses the present fb-»II b.- advocated. So exc lorg as 1 (kali hold a feat here, 1 (ball boalt of One ol a party, who, by every efforr in their power, .. fha>U resist this arid many other charafterizi g at- v 4 ™ tempts. Wee I;o d uy the existence or party hce, '° . I- should rifqae an in the very 'eeth of every legi day's obfervaiion—l ihould ftiut my ears and eyes to for ftie very couciutive evidence which the present lebate are affords. It such is the and it is no fecrct out ot of t the v/alls of this Hvufe, why deny it? Theacknow j or j. Jedgmcnt is neccffai yto the cure of the evil; for, Sir, { divided as we are at present, I consider it a moll seri ous evil, and one that threatens much mifchief to the Ccuntry. That Party does exist in this House, the tIO J? people are not now for the fir A time to be told ; but P°* J that Opposition is now become so fyftetnatized, the * or >f jineot reparation so broad, and (if the obje&s pur* <?r 0 lued are the fame) the means of atiaining them so cjif- In v fdreat, thai,the present House of Reprefeotatives cm tion never be exprfted to harm nize and unite, is a truth \ n v whith the people are not impreffed with, and which it is proper they Ihould 1000 be mforrfted of ; Ai well might it beexpeftcd that two diverging . lines (houjd meet in their extension, as that'oien, aft- « ° ing, if not with difieitent motives, at lca.l with tuoh opiyofue views of the fame fubj«^l; rr cn taki.igdircft ly different course», and paruug-at the verv threlhold 0/ every measure of importance, fhouid harmooize to si spd twite. It myaffrrtion of the cufterce of party, v»ti* Jbould offend some, the idea of the people deciding f|j en between us, may alaim others. By this I mean to be uodeVftood the calling the attention of the people to a . a« examtna ion ot our conduct, and their expreflion ; of ao opinimi, in the coeflitutiona'mode of election, e , 3 It'it time to'fpeak out : If thePe'ple, as the gen- P; e , c tltman frotfn 'Pennfylvanii has co fidently picio w«b hifn in the eitablifhment of the principles now j depi eontended fat, and my conftituet»w among the # from number lam f'te to acknowledge mylelf unfit to j cd tp hold a feat here as theif reprcfenta' ive ; l«r J c*o n*~- eV er v?r, confiftenily with my sense of duty, and the opi niora which 1 entertain of its a :-«ce to the very ® ol our constitution, which 1 h» v c f>vpinto v} a fMp[o»t, carry it into effctfj or give it the far &1011 of ,1C * ( ni vo e— th- .am? ( :ema 's d - vjuS'oo trom a luppofcd untiou of some ;nem i£ bcrs o# this House 10 atUaft cniblic aitention, ihzt this is«m admiflioii, on their part, th* thc 'peo ;e are a ount k \ re l*} no w l " ftan dini; ih gentkrmau's SZ 0 th " r f<y. por,, 1 ttei «<. ditf u:v ,n :tljkt , v the riat, ot t-.arj nto the final rc'.uti If in<ieci I liippofcci that me people credit to o.i- hit' ol the : bare' ! d^'r and crwjtoi-i .ni, »hich have c ex- r °" th '» »! «, »n tS.«. ,„d ' . ; tft«g " • "> th- CK rcne of hit 1 g7"i c. j,l 4,, d - ! and He . XV CtTa tncr,lcd ' 1 c«r,,ai*iy raoft , a heO. c>lco '*' e upo " <hc " Wart el- « the u;za , r t ! , Vefe hav<, > ' P etetid 10 fa. : (hcy i ; ' '»y thafhe t Certa,! ' tff Ct 1 " "" pre- l fce? hve ot antwe.ed ih, . ui u. e.id- ,U V l ? he Mtnbuted so t!.« good ienfe or , 1 l«r. !..n'ndV u V d<lr< » frC ' l r t0 ,ht,rci f« c ''r "♦ ! ' Ttei t e . f j ud S'"8 ,0 ' th< m e,ve« ' < mo e ctno oyed in convinciitj ar.d t-'orr, 1 I debate 't™,' - V,r - do I beife,e er h J' I ''" '"r '° ,h '' objcA-ttor t rhat Dl a, . Bllt ''"' e thal lecently taken c tttet ■V c V' t latentled tor members of thU bodv • : for " mc <o follow it where it « defined j \ u, I ° haveau " lfl 'C. : ce, Mr. Chatrmat, I wish :ot to | a " d t,cl f ale 3 ct,f,sour which prder.t apr,ear- ' 1 efire S eCia ,P Mc a, ' n '« -ipproaching : ihouid it ft 1 , f a al 'fe> wtiich I pray heaven to a-cir, it ma. be tuch i F jay, as to Ca " ' Cr :i ", * he a..d refo a r c cs of our |<l mc- C ° Ur ' [ y ' w .'" be,h "n ot the utmoit imsortanee ! * |ai that the Executive Ihould possess the cot.fidet.ee ol his 1 p had cotinirymeo, and iha tholr men who have upon a 1 I h mo- occ expieflcd a djfpofition and readine sto exert i r in- government for i a deience and pro- n •ofl fjx'u.dftard well With the prop).; to this i the e i . f 11 w '■ ."ec-tttrv that their conautt, their vtew, ' ud- anJ irol ! v ' s "»«•»! 1 be explained, and freed from the ion, ' m P' Jla "o '" w '" cl '' h»ve on this as upon lotmcr occa- P , om tin's been heaped upon them. p itdt I ha\c already, Ch*irman r obferved that 0 ure Konfuiered this amendint-nt a» involvin<; the 1 atd svhich hjs ntu.'l £ its upon every oc. alioii which has prdet.ied itfclf' v ,r '* > heen c mended t«r with all tlta unity and talents 0 ™ £l,e :>aity,aud that Iconfidered it one, which ll it established in the latitude contended for, " (r _ « a|<i f undaine'tally t if nit Ufflroy the po- under which w J e live, and which " But te have fwotn to support. Ihe firft attempt ice, ■ 'he eliabliftmen. of the right in the house of vi im- ! repiefcntat;vej under the appropriating power, B er jto exeriife an unreitriined dif, retion upon an fr ot j a t done by the executive, within the limits and "f- | upder the authority of his tonftitutional pow- ( - lat e WaS t ' le "'cmorable cafe of the Britilh has trea{ y- 'b'* bi;cafion, they contended for er- r '.sht,of defeating an ail of the president to - nc ' Senate, hy •Arithho'dtng an appropriation ne -n. ccfljry to carry it into.effect The next in P r „i. point of iinie, was on' the mint eftablifoment, ru -t whereafter a law had pallid, fan&ioned by all m the forms whirh thtrcotr itution prescribed, an ?' C >r- snetnpt wa, raatle to defeat its operation by ' n ' withholding the appropriation of money neceff- S e 'O' aty to i s execution ex ' third-vid fluidsr attempt was made to de- *" e< ' sea l the execntion of the law for the building ol in- equipping of the frigates. Another effort to was m?de I helieve during the fame feflion, by ' n . e » ithhold:ng an appropriation for carrying into an a. tffeifi the law fixing the military eftabltfhment <is oi rhe Unwcfi States fe far as relative to a troop ot ' ca «, -W4«. Pr ' a repeal of the Jaw so fir a- relative to tfiif ' eln, ,u tio >,>— the repealing law pass.d both houfts of P u s he and was fetit to the president for t0 his confi(lerati"B— he returned it with his rea l,e frqw of diffcot, and there mt b Lng a con- ~f ftttntionil majority in its fav .r, it failed. -Vfter a 'V fie hav'fnpr ;*ooe through all the stages ( which the ' h- con It itution requires, and having been weighed P°' :d an ! ennfidered, the ferfe of the legifl «ture was :t! 'airly expitffed that the law authorifiog this j P ll? tr .(.p of horse should not he .repealed, "but that j tiz< l'e continue : notwithftan 'ing all ' ' thiif, md that it required two third? of hoth | ' & hranches f the legiflatnre in this situation of the ttie ty business to repeal the law, it was contended in an to the house of representatives, that a bare majori- th 4 <e ty ef that body had t.te c»nftitut'onal right of flre t defeating it by withholding the appropriation ' OU! 11 necefiary to support it, and an attempt was ts rnide to that effe/l. ( chil The next memorable cafe is the one now un- met n der consideration, where attempt is made to 't break down, delir.iy and alter an eflahlifhrnenr cin made by the president of the United ttn- by' tier authority given him by the conliitut on— e *et it Ido ndt propole .o trefpifs upon the time ol fuel; d the committee by a separate consideration of Ud* f- each of those cases, becauft- the h«ufe are already !iou ■in pofl[effi«n of tW debate * up«»n tiu-iti, and be po a IS cause a very few plain and fiitjple reflexions ny i upon a collefliv; vitw of them, will show the ernr y danger o f th.- principle, which is the fa ne in the ir all of them, w : ien carried into practice, the life govi c which rnav be ma-ie ot it, and the means adopt- vtm it td to give it success. S n If a bare majo try in thehiufs of repref-nta- be b t. ttve# can ail as » chick mate to the president of j » the United States in eveiy cjfe whtne in the , ji 0 execution of his conltitiumnalpou'ers, he 'pn 1 ! _. 5 have money to give eflei't to his acts —if this ce "' J fame majority can defeat tht operation of a law und , t solemnly fanctionod by tiie three bi inches of the moii y legislature, •'he.n tliat law (hall require money ncr 3 o for its execnti nc(an i >noft laws or importjnce n( e are of this (kfcrijitiatt), then fir, is ey ry branch r(); S t of (he government brpugh at the feet i>f a ma jority of this fumle ? Away tnen with the boast- c ' ed independency of the different depirtrdents j 3 there is an and of thit happy ind wife t'.iftribu- best j tion of po »er, y hich 1 fondly hopid ant* fop fcix , posed this conlhtUi ion p«i(TViT;d—there is no : longer stability in ou> a<Jls, there will be no long- ecut . er confidence or set urjty in cur government. - . In vain is it that the fraraeri of our tt nlliiu tion intended to give fnleniiiity to our doings ; ,n t in vai-vdo we look for ftibiuty and wi:d.>m in gtwt » the constitution of the senate, or tsergy, deci- attra A«» and promptness in our executive ; they are date pfofirattd ; their powers all vanilh at the ma,tire t<) touch of the reprefcnr*tive wand, fjur, Mr. . &hiirrpan, ground so lmtenSble, attempts l'o ln ' hi(rdy, required every address a id managetuent to fopoort them. The part zans of th.s inho vstion upon our cnaftirutidn, have adtlrefird tion, themselves to that naturaftendenry of all pub- the i lie bo<ii«> rather tp i/icreaje'their power, tin o bi"er he fatisfied w.ith what th-y confiiturional y po(T- j- JC | c , ess—they hive endeavoured to enii.i the pen- - " pie on their fide, 6y creatin r jcaloulies and ftif- f" 1 " 1 picions of the executive, hy -Attributing to the uted departments tlifferent iirttrelts and views tar>t, ; from those of the people j they have enrleavcur groui jed tp iinprefa them with an opinion, that what crease ever power is taken from the other '.branch?,) of e ' xecl government, and added to that of tiie house at' j representatives, is so much regained to tne pc> !ic ftcck every attempt it refiftanee to those ' da<3rir.e»,whe b.*rw tjfcslouic a on; if ,f,r>cha<"'l it this e,t ' iw '"eXxtttjVf mtf.ieike >'p» net. B,os '' ho-'Uii fan,* repteteiHir.vtt <<4- iepuu<i mju's ca " ' rrn tiovtfß<a nt .vir. Ch-£i»- v a« " lk Jkii»- i becau " thole m-1) jre 4.iii.CJ fa ihe cc-'. I wnbiirioo jn Jer u»-ri. oi" 'J IS j government, i)c< Sufi .hey aie <riw Jiics 1 have *tu.-c!iv Jnii (ieijjotnm, bA<u»c :>y w»h to j" ' "'( : p-tferst <ha:baitnce and naunony'tr..- j fr, , r, ; e co: ,a,,uuon -ji.'ti AVf '- ' £o ta * wl»->le. if g.*-''b i**k i r.c-s- P®"* po\v„r ot u ; ui, ;<ecj>iifc *« lit. ®"f J Are^agaiiill any,'t(ir iraile't change, i.-i et- efl <3«*l ■he conifitutioo*:. in de, thai' thej > Ira- ; d-ffer with the no»e> c*f the bi ef.ut j.-;ie'.ii'.n»«ni,r ,r f** y-* °«hi+ gtxkk.uen ■ftki.W.ft, v.Mtnttie wc * • j few and Oiim-Ha|tor:aat occanon*. * .loni' though ame i.bfcr of rte u Jjfetjf r,,: r >v leu 'u lh- ! t l' l> f s ' ' ha.»<i.oparticui.r s'tacbm?'.; to nnr bran, n 4f t .je r.ic-t co.upaiitd w»ta . dbe a " '' l£;r ' "Or do J lielieve tf.at any - u«e ik-oarc- j lorm- ot government is the peculiar' lavoii'te of; -aiely t -'e people. »Vhatever contrails may bt drawn in —IN* till, houfc between this branch ar.d t*t other, I ornh- trult the na'.ure or our goveasmeat is better un ■akjn derflooj with ut these walls. The oeoi.le are i lined t ? vt T to bt " , ' or,,letl 'hat <ll ppwer emanates I. ot 10 | , m e ™> »"dhowever diftnbuted, thol'e unto j pear- 1 . '' m l£ 1S _ cn tr utter! to be employed lor the ; ' [ P ubl '°B'»J. are refponfibie t9 them tor the ' 1 futh Proper uf c of ,t. They fee in the executive a j I .• our depart went as neceffarv as and , tan« as ra .ch entitled to their confidence and i.p. '' " ?ny ' ;rher in 'he government. They . exer! ?r T ° fce ' »'» ) a man Jo pro- n'r r of making him the objea ' nts l\ltZ a»d opp.,!i .o:i. ' lews ' \ the house of n ihe " c *, f- ; dei* the idea ot checking his pro- ' P e "blies, to thwart every measure {hat may I proceii f.romhi/n Inflead of'forrtiicsthe hoafe r that r tHe quifit'on .to juls u po n the aih ps i/ e other <ie goveramwt.tiA' have more f tfclf ver« cnffTti.tioi. h ent» ™ ibe«.epai-tmenn th^mTelves'-- - have in 1 bich 1,1 e executive department, a ftttr/'ty which can- ti for, not be abuied, in the manner <f ttistleSion and ri the the time' for which he is eleftd, in the high t | lieh relponfabilitw of his fuuation, in being equally . nupt tie object of puniflimeßt withevery other fer- £ . 0 f vain of the pdblic, in the impffihility, from his h . ?tr,, "ituation and power, of havin; interelts diaintS ' c ' 'an •j' 01 " 'he i.iai's of citizens, mo which he mult d fd return—but they lave another, Mr. tt 'w- "-ban-man, and not the least important; he must si rifh ® a native Americin or i citizen, prior to J for eltablilhment of ihe prefeit government, and ,■ ent therefore capable of taking j warm interest in ' ne- 'be prosperity of his countrj, and feeling the 81 in P nde influence of the trne American cba- :nt, raSir. ej all c Was a flranger to our cciiflitmion and form ci an ® government to hear the repeated observations j~i by m this house of executive influene, of the dan- „ eir- g« of executive patrovage, and he jealousies • expressed of the abuse of power j pvhen he fhal; " Je- ' ee 'he animated eloquence of gerlemen called " in g forth (by a constitutional ad of thi president in il ;, r t the appointmsnt of a foreign miniter) to paint th by in plowing colours the danger of lis influence es ,!(„ and patronage being extended evento members cr -nt °f 'his houle,- I fay Inch a man, without any lo p other information, would natar*ly suppose the f !Jl". president to be foir.e defuotic. viceroy, ,; s entn-i!?f! wiin aoroiute power, a ad lioUisftlit <*t of purle ftrmgs of {he nation, feeiing no attachment for to the people over whom he was placed,; aiH an fa . having norcfpoufibility attadied tohjs fitoatign. w , n- w ' T. Mr. Chairman) wot,id be his surprise, m ter an , d ffi what would he attribute such conduil, /, e when hf ftail be informed of the real situation. Ct «d P ower . »nd tharatier of this man. when he (hall ■as be told that he is the rrprefen;ative of a free -reo- P c lis P lt3 ? freely cfiofe.i by them from the mass of ci- sic at j tizens, and fele4led for his virtus and taleftts. la ill f ca "ice the executive of this country, (jj th ■ 1 fes the i onbdenct «f the peop'e, when once -u he tuey withdraw their Alport from him, there is j n an end to it, and to the government. That at -i- 'h' executive influence and patronage is to be at< of dreaded under this government is toa ridieu- j"' , n !ous for serious cojifideration—lt mybe a fpet- hi; 15 tre with which to frighten weak minds, to ala'in children, but can nev«renter into the fears of [, a- men ofcominiMifrnfe. Gentlemen may suppose i to It may answer their purpbfes, if tfiwehy they P , fir cin excite an opposition in .he house supported by the people without, again,l the exercise of mc _ execitlve power , with such an opposition, in wi ,< such a warfare, every o; her department of the th< ,f trovernment must fall Then iadsecJ wou'd ib e 0 f y house of representatives poffjfs uncontrotiled rA . ■ power ; then it will have fo that tyran :s ny wh.ch !ome gentlemen fay republican t;ov- ™ a e rrnments have a tend:-n yto ; then indeed will tht n 'he government be changed— L.it faVli a (s ' ) l e governmen;, and fiich a tyranny, I pray hea- div t- vmi to de'< mi '?>e. ' no Shall then those who r=fift this tyranny t at " be branded with the chara&er of men wilh- has ing to extend the executive power to the cid „ deltrudlion of all others i Shall they be in- ha, is ceflantly represented to the peopWas ading no V under executive influence, as being the of f mouth of the executive, as being the part- for y ner3 and chattlpions of executive power? ona * And lhall they be sarcastically called the he- inti 'I rues of the uQiiltitution ? lathis a fit time an .j to defeminate jealousies and suspicions of as 1 ; thl3 kind again ft the executive ? Are the p o f - best talents of the country to loose their ef- Un fc£t from inculcating an opinion that these btr ' efforts arc produced by the influence of ex- vm ecutive patronage ? And lhall every man difp who happen* to think with the executive, efth ; in the proper mode of administering, this ing i government, ff he has talents fufficient to > ■ attention, he confidfered as a candi- cafi' ; date for public office ; or tafetng measures a fu to prortifcte his eJ#£lion ? These not ; aginary eharges t, for the gentleman froir. accc Pennfylvama '( Mr. Gallatin) must excufc voc my not considering ais jefuttiol explanaf caul tion, the other day, as fuEcitnt to tatc of ffon ths impreflion whieh the whole teiior of his as 1 observations would necessarily make. If he fenf< believed the;nifchief; wfiith he apprehended peril from executive patronage, and of its beitlg cd d used with cfffCt upon this, ho'jfc were dit- o-ent taint, why oppctc the prcfeat bill on this ber ground, which does not contemplate an en- the r crease of patronage ? And why charge the obje executive with making appointments from tion, the legislature ? Why Ui» of gentlemen in virotf this house havmg commiuions in tlu:r pock- ftou thai -1 ets ; or tht of office, wbilft ad- I P? vtnenting tvhich were to make wiy it n aj;pointme >t ? Ans why go iuto a ihe I,,c * ca ' < o i-it!on of time b»r^' v -e!'. ;■ former a.oi' jrnd tiie appointmcnr tc i.ttcc 1 rs ,j 3 tttiujbter of this hojrfp ? No man who i n tr> j f heard that guttililuV obfcrvatio.is, no I man wh r read.-, them in the public prints, < ito h*»e. They not, therefore, to : litis ' ,,Te P*®" e 4 usuoliceii. But xvjicrif arcTfii r inaves a.id fiihes \vtiicfi afe fupp-afed to br r i«nt, so hands of the executive ? 1 uft- T-hc iVefideot imift have the pt;a<r ps j wockißg .Birac»le3 with tbert> as of old, if in d itu tV-rir diftrisutioii raove fhciuld fall to the v lhareof any public officer vhan is sgecfuty n for & bare lubfillence. r a te of' P'~, fir, why the present slarm, why this nin hpftlmy agaiuft the executive upon the pre ti er, I sent occafioa.. Has the executive done more v in this instance than the constitution has uu- v\ aie ; thonVed him to do ? Are we qualified to a; 'r'w as -exceeded the power r. the ' lntru^e d to him, have we the infor- ft the • tnation neceflary to form an opinion—may n' • ? j j there not be information which we do not c; and possess, and may it, not be improper in the tl ; -p- President to furniflr tis with it—shall wc de- vi ' cide blindfold, or he President, to whom k the conftitutic n has given the right h#\ itrg di ,o;i. decided from all the information before him, fa Hta- Siall we not suppose thatto be rightfully done hi jro- which is conjl'itutionally done. If the house in nay has a right to determine there (hstll be no'fo- m ,B fe reign uiiniilers, they have a right to deter- ot mine there Jhall be foreigners, how many, m or«. an d where.' Is the executive in that cafe th ; 0 'n bound to take their advice, if he ii, may th .j n this house not as wtJI f«y what-thofe minis- in an- ters shall do. This house has thepo-jjer of a] tnd refufing the ntcelfiry appropriations ; have pr 'fj'j they the conjl'itutional right ? The President is n,te d States is a constitutional of- ati his cer — t^lS bouse must furnifh his support wi adt they may suppose this officer pofTelTes power th utt dangerous to the liberties of this house and dii lr. to the people—they have the power to re- to uft fufe an appropriation. No man will be har- as nd d 7 cnou t0 contend we have the conftitu- an " n tional right—the fame of the judges who m< I}e are created by law and appointed by the ob <a- President—here the legislature aft under the ma express authority of the constitution and I \ ■m create the officer ; can this house refufe of ns rightfully, to appropriate for their sup- I 1 port ? So in the present cafe the President of is a constitutional officer—he is directed by ed constitution to appoint foreign ministers; of i„ it is as if the constitution had appointed Ic nt them itfelf. Here, as in the cafe of the judg- ftai ce es, is no authority given to the legislature to me tr# create those officers. The right is in strong upi terms taken from the legislature. To have If y the right to make foreign ministers or to tioi hs '- dtfplace them, we must have the right of the n't foreign correspondence and the superintend- ele; anceofot our foreign relations or how can tha m. we judge of the fitnefs or unfitnefs of the me tniafare ; we must also judge of the propri- wit n! et X of mali ' n S treaties llnce they will re- i dep j]j ministers to tnake- them—will those j and 0- powersbrf contended for? But here rs an of- i his :i- ficer appointed to an office not created by jbt i la-Av—it is nowpropofed to recal or difplae'e j of r y him ; can this be done bat by the fame au-; con c * thority that appointed him. The appropri- dep J ation was fixed by law, the officer was ere- in i ie ftcd by the President -the President who was j - judged of his appointment, must judge of a c! e " "cal. an j in Ido not undertake to determine, nor do con j? I think it neceflary at this time, and in this upo ' piace, to express an opinion upon the gent- ths ral question of the policy of this govern- But jf ment in maintaining a political connexion was n with the other nations of the world, or of tive ie the propriety of an extension or redudtion judi 's of our present diplomatic eftabhfhment, be- adn cause Ido not believe I possess all the infor- tlen mation neceflary to a correft opinion upon trin II the fubjeft; and because such opinion could by 1 a only be considered as that ot any other in- Th« 1- dividual of the community, and Ihould have mi.n no effedl as coming from me in my reprefen- of \ y tative charafter. I believe the constitution dep; - has given to the Executive the right to de- tend e cide upon this fubjeft : the President can j (Ivli - have the best advice of the nation, and will, rnon > no doubt take it; if he shall at any time be accc e of opinion with this advice, and all the in- mon - formatiou before him, which his conftituti- on ji ? onal character furnilhes him with, that the Tlia • interests of the country will be promoted by fitua -■ a reduftion of the diplomatic eftablifliment; effed i as be has the right, so I believe he will be dif- morr = posed to exercifo it. As the people of the in ft - United States, and myfelf among the num- the ? btr have thought he could be lately trusted gent - With the exercise of this right, lam not Tliat i difpofedin this exparte manner to quefiidn can; > either his wisdom or integrity, by withdraw- him' i ing my support from him. he 1 Nor do I consider it necelTary on-this o?- ment • cafion, to vindicate him against a charge of and t ' a supposed resolution on his part to eleel to out r office only such metVas (hall in the general warri accord with him in opinion, a» -w-tbc Ix-ft OTan Vode of administering the government-; be- fhgj-t cause Ido not consider ibat such a rtfoluti- little fion. If adopted, requires defence,.inafimtch meml as 1 believe it would be juftified by common harm sense, common prudence, and common ex- partn perience. Nor can I admit that the fuppof- our g cd difficnlties which have been suggested by ful o] gentlemen in this debate, viz. °the mc-av ber o ber from New-York (Mr. Livingfton) and ing t< the member from Virginia (Mr. Erer.tJ are to°ke obje<3ir;n* to {he adoption of such a refolu- to thi tion, if Indeed, I belitved that the time thou; wr»old tfiordy arrive, when the Executive noriii ftould be reduced ta that fit'jation for want is foff ad- of talentj cr integrity, emong thofc wh W3y generally apprcve of the meafnres of goi to a crfitriEi.#. a-j to cnsrjj.-l him either to niak ir.vr the fei?d;un to office from a contrary d< See fcription of chara&er as to political opinion »ho or as the member from Virginia ( Mr. Brent to !w* eXprcCcd htmfelf, to Imift rrTTo offi? ;its,. wto have r.o other recarc>«>-~ sUjt- SiiSU-Tjafci tL*~ -<*-setS«OW t» ab Swg HsWtij-VA to Executive pu'wtr am zfa £ /JuiuM co;i£dcr such an even I br rmnrh to fee tlepLred ; then, indeed, fhouk ve ? Ibe wiljirig to give some force to incite ob of jedifons, but as I with not unuecefF«ri!y r< f in"•! distress myfeif, I ■(hall not anticipate m tvl the which I believe to be as distant and as re ily mete as it. would be serious and alarming if at hand. his Nor,. Mr. Chairman, do T think the gen re tleman from Virginia (Mr. Ercnt) has been are very fortufia'e in the choice c 1" character hi- which he has made to invabdate the truth of to an dbfervntion which h.js' been frequently -er made, viz. that the Executive had in 110 in or- fiance deviated from fucb rule,in the appoiut ay ment to office without having melancholy ict cause to lament it. A* this gentleman lias he thmight fit to bring more immediately into le- view this chamber, which be fi>y» i 3 well >m known, to have -been frequently alludej to, tig during the present debate, I thereto might rn, fafely concede all that he has, intended for ne him on this occasion, without being con ife fTdered his pauegyrift: I might admit with 0- much truth, that we-mve our present fituati :r- on with the French republic to that gentle y, man, and if it will be any gratification to ife the member from Virginia (Mr, Breut) of ly those who have pursued the fame political if- ine of condu&, lam willing to allow thetu of a participation of those meafurca which have re produced this situation. If this fituatiou nc is as the gentleman from Virginia has iniinu if- ated an enviable one, if it is one on which - we have abundant caufeto felicitate ourfclves er then, Sir, I agree they ftiall have allthe cre id dit which their efforts so well entitle them e- to: if, on the contrary, this situation is such r- as every friend to the interest, the honour, 1- and the peace of the nation hasreafon to la o ment; then will I not dispute with them the e obloquy and cehfure which their conduct le may justly merit. This is a question which d I undertake not to decide, ill the language fe of the member from Virginia (Mr. Brent), >- I leave it to the underftandiug and fielingc it of the country to determine. y Wbilft taking notice of the observations of the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Brent) d I cannot omit obfervisg upon the unfair statement he has made of the remarks of the o member from Conncfticut (Mr. Grifwold) g uponthe fubjtftof checking thegovfrijment. e If I understood that gentleman, the didinc -0 tion which be took between the system of f the member from Virginia and his own, was - elear, explicit and intelligent: he admitted n that checks were to be found in our govern - ment, but that they were checks operaiiug - within each department, he denied that the - departments were checks upon each other j e and he went on to exemplify- and explain his - bisdiftinflion in a manner which could not r, be mlfnndcrflood, but by the cor.fufed ideas 3 of that gentleman upon the fuhjecl.- He - contended for instance, that the legislative - department had sonftitntional cheeks with - in itfelf; that she house of representatives > Was a check upon the Senate, the Senate t a check upon the house of representatives, and the Piefident, who inthis refpeft is a ' conftituentpart of the legiftiturehas a check 1 upon both : that in theexecutivedepartment the Senate was a check upon the President. But hedenied that the legislative department, was a check upon the executive, the execu tive upon the legislative, or tither upon the judiciary. His ideas upon this fubjeil Iwill admit were very different from those of gen tlemen who advocated theextraordinary doe trine of checks, introduced into this debate by the mover of the present amendment The checks contended for by those gentle man are intended to produce an eternal (late of warfare and hostility between the several departments of the government, that con tended for by the member from Connecticut (ivfr. Grifwold) is designed to promote har mony and a co-operation of t&e departments: according to those gentlemen's system, the moment of harmony, conciliation and uni on is the moment of danger and alarm. That moment the government is in such a situation as that it can aft with any valuable effedl, i» the time to found the alarm, is the moment for this minority to exert themselves in stirring up internal war and diffention in the departments. If I believed with the gentleman from -Virginia (Mr. jfccholafe) tliat such mud be the operation of republi can govcrnmonts, I fliould then agree with him most readily in another opinion which he has expressed, that republican govern ments had a strong tendency to deujotifm and tyranny, for I will venture to afTert, that out vX £vfb confufior,, such disorder, such a warring and hostility of departments either anar-bjr or defpot-'rni mii'i- nrcrfnrrr^ fhpjtjy arrive. But. Sir, I fear there* Uz little probability, ot the appreheniicn of cbV member from Virginia being realized in th:,t harmony, union and co-operation of the de partments which I consider so dcurable in our government, and so necessary to irsufe ful operation, so long as.he fliallbe a mem ber of either of the departments. Accord ing to his own principle a it will be his duty to keep a watchful eye upon their approach, to this point,, and to founi the alarai: and though he fiiould he one of the virtuous mi nority in this houic, I no doubt but he is fufneieatly ktiowrt out of this house to at-
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